2021学年Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试

这是一份2021学年Unit 1 Science and Scientists达标测试，共25页。试卷主要包含了 5分, 满分7等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一部分 听力 (共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
Text 1
W: Lk at my new car!
M: That’s nt a car. It’s a ty, and yu’re still taking the bus t schl.
W: Well, ①it’s a mdel f the car I’m ging t buy when I get my first jb. It helps me want t wrk harder.
1. What makes the girl study harder?
A. T get a ty. B. T wrk as a mdel.
C. T earn mney fr a car.
答案: C
Text 2
W: This is the same blck we drve dwn tw minutes ag. Yu’re lst.
M: I’m nt. Yu just wrte dwn the wrng address. ②Let’s just park and walk twards that tall building. Surely smene n the rad can pint the way.
2. What des the man want t d?
A. Stp t ask fr directins.
B. Drive t the tall building.
C. Write the crrect address himself.
答案: A
Text 3
W: Well, I’m calling abut the Wildlife Prtectin Grup I belng t. We’re lking fr mre peple t jin, especially men. And I thught yu might be interested.
M: Oh. Yu knw hw much I lve wildlife, but this is my last year in the middle schl. ③I’m quite busy with my lessns.
3. What des the man mean?
A. He has n interest in wildlife.
B. He is srry t fail the exam.
C. He wn’t jin the grup.
答案: C
Text 4
M: Can I help yu?
W: Yes, we want t g t Chinatwn.
M: OK. Yu can take a taxi. It’s abut a ten-minute ride, and the fare is three dllars. ④Or yu culd walk. It’ll prbably take yu twenty minutes.
W: ④OK. That’s what we’ll d. It’s free and gd exercise, t.
4. Hw will the wman get t Chinatwn?
A. On ft. B. By undergrund.
C. By taxi.
答案: A
Text 5
W: Hi, Harry. Yu’re taking a camera fr tmrrw’s trip, aren’t yu?
M: Yes. ⑤And I have asked Max t bring pens and paper. Yu knw ur teacher wants us t take ntes.
5. Wh will take pens and paper tmrrw?
A. Harry. B. Max. C. The teacher.
答案: B
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6、7题。
Text 6
W: D yu want a ride?
M: Yes, thank yu. ⑥I knw it’s nt gd t get a free ride frm a stranger, but I hpe. . .
W: Dn’t wrry abut it. S where are yu frm?
M: I am frm Italy. I’ve been travelling fr a few mnths nw. I’ve gne thrugh Germany, France, Belgium, England, and then I tk a bat ver here.
W: That’s nice. ⑦Where have yu been s far in America?
M: ⑦I’ve been t San Francisc, Las Vegas, Ls Angeles, and nw I am ging acrss t the ther cast.
6. Wh is the man talking with?
A. A friend. B. A stranger.
C. A tur guide.
答案: B
7. In which cuntry are the speakers?
A. America. B. Germany. C. Italy.
答案: A
听第7段材料, 回答第8、9题。
Text 7
M: I just saw Prfessr Black. ⑧He finished the budget fr ur cncert tur. It’s ging t cst $1, 500 per persn.
W: Where are we ging t get that kind f mney?
M: It sunds like a lt, but by the time yu add up the air fare, meals and htels, it’s pretty reasnable.
W: But I dubt we’ll all be able t g. Remember there were 32 peple in the band last year.
M: We can make it. Fr ur last trip, we gt sme mney frm sme cmpanies.
W: ⑨Wh was in charge f mney raising?
M: ⑨Mary. She tk care f it last time.
8. What are the speakers mainly talking abut?
A. Expenses f a cncert tur.
B. A cming cncert.
C. A travel experience.
答案: A
9. What will Mary prbably d?
A. Act as a directr.
B. Leave fr a vacatin.
C. Take charge f mney raising.
答案: C
听第8段材料, 回答第10～12题。
Text 8
W: What happened t yur car?
M: I parked it in the parking lt an hur ag, and when I went ut f the shpping centre, ⑩I fund it was kncked int. Judging frm the size f the dent, maybe it was frm a shpping cart.
W: Thse shpping carts are dangerus, especially the metal nes. I dn’t park at a stre that uses metal shpping carts.
M: That’s a gd idea, ⑪but there was a gd sale at this stre.
W: Did yu save any mney n the sale?
M: Yes, I did. I saved abut $50.
W: That’s great.
M: Yes, ⑫but this dent will cst abut $150.
10. What happened t the car?
A. Smething kncked int it.
B. It ran a red light.
C. It was fined fr speeding.
答案: A
11. Why did the man park at the stre?
A. Parking was free there.
B. There was a sale nearby.
C. He bught the parking space.
答案: B
12. Hw much will the man pay fr the repair?
A. $50. B. $100. C. $150.
答案: C
听第9段材料, 回答第13～16题。
Text 9
M: Hell, Betty. It’s me, Tim. Am I calling at a bad time?
W: N, nt really.
M: ⑬I have invited sme f my friends t dinner at my huse this evening. I thught maybe yu’d like t cme, t.
W: Well, that sunds gd, ⑭but I’m afraid I’ve gt t d sme reading fr my English curse at hme.
M: ⑮Tday is Friday. Yu’ve gt t relax and enjy yurself n the weekend.
W: I knw. But there is a lt f reading t d. Besides, I really ught t d my washing this evening.
M: Then wuld yu like t cme just fr a drink later n instead?
W: Actually, I’d like t g t bed early tnight. I’m a bit tired.
M: OK. Have a gd rest. I’ll call yu again tmrrw.
W: Dn’t call me early. ⑯I usually sleep until 9: 00 n Saturdays.
M: What? That’ll be t late fr ur cuntry drive.
W: Did I say I’d g with yu fr a drive t the cuntry?
M: N, but I have already planned everything.
W: Listen, Tim, I like t plan my wn days myself.
13. What is the man ging t d this evening?
A. D sme reading. B. Hst his friends.
C. D sme washing.
答案: B
14. What des the wman plan t d in the evening?
A. Stay at hme. B. Hld a dinner party.
C. Have a drink with the man.
答案: A
15. What shuld the wman d n the weekend in the man’s pinin?
A. Take sme exercise. B. Have a gd sleep.
C. Have fun.
答案: C
16. When des the wman usually get up n Saturdays?
A. At 7: 00. B. At 8: 00. C. At 9: 00.
答案: C
听第10段材料, 回答第17～20题。
Text 10
M: Well, Mnica, I’m sure yu’ll enjy wrking here. I’m the librarian. We’re pen frm half past eight in the mrning until eight in the evening but yu’re nt expected t be here all that time. ⑰Yu start wrking at a quarter t nine and finish at a quarter past five, OK?
Nw, students aren’t allwed t bring large bags int the library. But staff can bring their bags in and leave them in the ffice. Yu have an hur fr lunch. But I dn’t like staff eating in the library. ⑱Of curse yu can have a cup f cffee there while yu’re wrking. ⑲If yu bring sandwiches fr lunch, there’s a cmmn rm dwnstairs where yu can eat them. If yu want t buy lunch, I’d recmmended the dining rm upstairs. ⑳ There are cafés in the twn center but it’s a bit f rush t get there and back in an hur thugh they’re cheap. OK. Any questins?
17. When will Mnica wrk in the library?
A. Frm 8: 30 am t 8: 00 pm.
B. Frm 8: 45 am t 5: 15 pm.
C. Frm 9: 10 am t 4: 45 pm.
答案: B
18. What can Mnica d in the library?
A. Have drinks. B. Read bks.
C. Talk t students.
答案: A
19. Where shuld Mnica g t have her wn sandwiches fr lunch?
A. The speaker’s ffice. B. The dining rm.
C. The cmmn rm.
答案: C
20. Why desn’t the speaker recmmend cafés in the twn center?
A. They are crwded. B. They are far away.
C. They are expensive.
答案: B
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Sme f the greatest scientists f all time are wmen wh have made imprtant discveries in a variety f fields in science. Several f their cntributins thrughut histry are even mre than men’s cntributins. Our list f the mst famus female scientists belw is rganized in rder f ppularity s yu can read abut the advancements that they made.
Marie Curie (1867-1934)
Famus Fr: Wrk n radiactivity
Marie Curie was the first wman t win the Nbel Prize and the nly wman t win this award in tw fields: Physics and Chemistry. She discvered plnium and radium and her wrk helped with the creatin f X-rays.
Jane Gdall (1934)
Famus Fr: Primate (灵长类) studies
Jane Gdall is knwn wrld-wide fr her grundbreaking studies n primates. She is cnsidered as the tp expert n chimps in the wrld and is perhaps best knwn fr her 45-year study n the scial lives f these animals in Tanzania.
Rita Levi-Mntalcini (1909-2012)
Famus Fr: Nerve grwth studies
Rita Levi-Mntalcini was a neurlgist (神经病学家) wh wn the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 1986 fr her findings in Nerve Grwth Factr (NGF). She was the first Nbel Prize winner t live past her 100th birthday.
Lise Meitner (1878-1968)
Famus Fr: Wrk n radiactivity and nuclear physics
Lise Meitner was a key member f a grup that discvered nuclear fissin (裂变). One f her clleagues, Ott Hahn, was given the Nbel Prize fr this wrk. That Meitner didn’t get the award is cnsidered t be a huge errr by the Nbel cmmittee.
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。本文主要列举了4位著名的女科学家在各自领域所取得的成就和影响。
21. Wh is still cntributing t the wrld?
A. Marie Curie. B. Jane Gdall.
C. Rita Levi-Mntalcini. D. Lise Meitner.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据每个人物后面的时间可知, Jane Gdall出生于1934, 而后面没有给去世时间, 说明还在世, 还在为世界做贡献。故选B。
22. What did Rita Levi-Mntalcini reseach n?
A. Nerve grwth. B. The wildlife.
C. Nuclear explsin. D. Radiactivity.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据Rita Levi-Mntalcini(1909-2012)部分中Famus Fr: Nerve grwth studies可知因为神经发育研究而出名。由此可知, Rita Levi-Mntalcini研究的是神经发育。故选A。
23. What d we knw abut Lise Meitner?
A. She was awarded the Nbel Prize.
B. She made a big mistake in her wrk.
C. She did lts f studies abut nerve grwth.
D. She made great cntributins t nuclear physics.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据Lise Meitner(1878-1968)部分中Famus Fr: Wrk n radiactivity and nuclear physics可知因为研究放射性和核物理而出名。由此可知, Lise Meitner对核物理学做出了巨大的贡献。故选D。
B
(2021·郑州高二检测)
In the 1880s, lng befre she became her era’s greatest female explrer, eight-year-ld Harriet Chalmers traveled thrugh the Sierra Nevada n hrseback with her father. When she was 24, Chalmers married Franklin Pierce Adams, and they set ff fr Latin America, where they cvered 40, 000 miles n a hrse, by bat and n ft. When they returned nearly three years later, she gave a lecture at Natinal Gegraphic and started a 30-year career as a cntributr.
Adams made it her missin t visit every cuntry that was r had been a Spanish clny, and revisited the places where Christpher Clumbus had stayed frm Eurpe t the Americas. She traveled arund Asia and attended Haile Selassie’s Crnatin(加冕礼) as the emperr f Ethipia. During Wrld War Ⅰ, she was the first female jurnalist allwed t phtgraph the French trenches(战壕), where she stayed fr mnths.
She wrte 21 articles detailing her experiences fr Natinal Gegraphic, mre than any ther wman published in the magazine’s first half century. In thse pieces, she criticized the injustices that she had bserved. “Where were the blessings the Eurpeans claimed they brught t millins f Latin Americans? I culd hardly find them, ” she wrte after a visit t Peru. “What have they nt suffered under the cntrl f the Eurpeans? ”
Adams had n prfessinal training as a gegrapher and had never been t cllege, but her clr pht slides and adventurus travel style wn her invitatins t speak arund the wrld, ften frm the rganizatins that had never invited a wman befre. She was the third American wman asked t jin the Ryal Gegraphical Sciety in England. Hwever, the New Yrk-based Explrers Club gave her and ther utstanding female adventurers the cld shulder.
“Men have always been s afraid that sme mere wman might get int their discussin that they dn’t even permit wmen in their clubhuses, ” Adams nce said, “Let alne allw them t attend any meetings fr discussins that might be significantly helpful. ”
Several female explrers decided t frm their wn club. In 1925, the Sciety f Wman Gegraphers started with Adams as president, and she served until mving t France in 1933, where she died fur years later at 61.
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是女性探险家, 《国家地理》撰稿人哈丽特·查默斯的人生经历和事业发展。
24. What did Adams d during the first three years f her marriage?
A. She traveled thrugh the Sierra Nevada.
B. She explred Latin America with her husband.
C. She cntributed regularly t Natinal Gegraphic.
D. She learned hrse riding under her husband’s guidance.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段后两句可知24岁时, 查默斯嫁给了富兰克林·皮尔斯·亚当斯, 他们出发前往拉丁美洲, 在那里他们骑马、乘船、徒步旅行了4万英里。当他们近三年后回来时, 她在《国家地理》杂志社做了一次演讲, 并开始了30年的撰稿生涯。可知她结婚的前三年和她丈夫一起去探索拉丁美洲。故选B项。
25. What was Adams invlved in during wrld war Ⅰ?
A. Taking phtgraphs n the frnt line.
B. Traveling arund Eurpean cuntries.
C. Fighting tgether with French sldiers.
D. Ding research n Christpher Clumbus.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知在第一次世界大战期间, 她是第一个被允许拍摄法国战壕的女记者, 她在那里待了好几个月。可知她去到了前线拍照。故选A项。
26. What was expressed in Adams’ wrds in Para. 3?
A. Relief. B. Curisity.
C. Tlerance. D. Disapprval.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第三段可知在这些作品中, 她批评了她所观察到的不公正现象。“欧洲人声称给数百万拉丁美洲人带来的福祉在哪里? ”我几乎找不到它们, ”她在访问秘鲁后写道。“在欧洲人的控制下, 他们还有什么没遭受过? ”即她对欧洲人殖民侵略拉丁美洲感到不满, 所以她的话语表明她反对的态度, 故选D项。
27. Hw did Explrers Club treat Adams?
A. It paid n attentin t her.
B. It rejected her help cldly.
C. It invited her t jin in their discussin.
D. It asked her t jin the Ryal Gegraphical Sciety.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知然而, 总部位于纽约的探索者俱乐部却对她和其他杰出的女性冒险家非常冷漠。短语“the cld shulder”表示冷落, 爱搭不理, A项“并未关注她”表达切题, 故选A项。
C
Three scientists wh played central rles in the discvery f the hepatitis C virus(丙型肝炎病毒) have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine 2020. This prize will be shared by Michael Hughtn, frm the United Kingdm, and United States scientists Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, wh all made ntable cntributins tward the discvery f the bld-brn virus that causes chrnic (慢性的)liver prblems.
Alter demnstrated in the 1970s that sme peple wh received bld transfusins(输血) wuld develp cases f hepatitis that were nt caused by the hepatitis A r B viruses, suggesting that anther infectius agent was t blame. In the 1980s, Hughtn managed t islate(分离) the genetic sequence f the virus, while Rice prved that the pathgen(病原体) culd replicate and cause infectin. The Wrld Health Organizatin estimates that arund 71 millin peple wrldwide live with hepatitis C, which can cause majr liver cmplicatins(并发症) and, in sme cases, death.
The Nbel Assembly said the three researchers had cntributed t a “landmark achievement in the nging battle against viral diseases”. “The discvery f hepatitis C virus revealed the cause f the remaining cases f chrnic hepatitis and made bld tests and new medicines that have saved millins f lives pssible, ” the assembly said in a statement. “Thanks t their discvery, highly sensitive bld tests fr the virus are nw available and these have essentially eliminated pst-transfusin hepatitis in many parts f the wrld, greatly imprving glbal health. ” The assembly said that the discveries perfrmed by the newly minted Nbel Laureates als allwed fr the rapid develpment f antiviral drugs directed at hepatitis C. “Fr the first time in histry, the disease can nw be cured, raising hpes f eradicating hepatitis C virus frm the wrld ppulatin”, the statement said.
The award fr physilgy and medicine is the first f the Nbel Prizes t be handed ut this year, with prizes in physics, chemistry, literature, peace and ecnmics t fllw during the next seven days.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。介绍了2020年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖近日揭晓, 获奖者是三位在发现丙型肝炎病毒的过程中做出重大贡献的科学家。
28. What was the imprtant discvery f three scientists?
A. The hepatitis A virus
B. The hepatitis B virus
C. The hepatitis C virus.
D. The risk f bld transfusins.
【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Three scientists wh played central rles in the discvery f the hepatitis C virus have been awarded the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine 2020”可知, 故选C项。
29. Wh succeeded in extracting the sequence f the virus?
A. Michael Hughtn
B. Harvey J. Alter
C. Charles M. Rice
D. The Wrld Health Organizatin
【解析】选A。 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In the 1980s, Hughtn managed t islate the genetic sequence f the virus”可知Hughtn成功地分离出了丙型肝炎病毒的基因序列, 故选A项。
30. What’s the main idea f Paragraph 3?
A. The significance f the discvery.
B. The curse f the discvery.
C. The disadvantage f the discvery.
D. The harm f the hepatitis.
【解析】选A。 段落大意题。本段主要介绍了诺贝尔奖大会丙型肝炎病毒的发现的意义。丙型肝炎病毒的发现使研制新药成为可能, 从而挽救了数百万人的性命, 故选A项。
31. What des the underlined wrd “eradicating” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A. Discvering. B. Knwing.
C. Analysing. D. Getting rid f.
【解析】选D。词义猜测题。根据丙肝可以被治疗, 为在全人类中根除丙型肝炎病毒带来了希望。可推测画线单词意为“消除”, 故选D项。
D
(2021·九江高二检测)
A new prduct frm Micrsft Crpratin can d that fr peple wh have truble seeing. They may be blind r visually impaired. The prduct, an app, is currently available fr free fr Apple’s iPhne and iPad. The app is called Seeing AI. “AI” is shrt fr artificial intelligence, a term fr cmputers with an ability t think and learn like human beings.
Seeing AI uses bth a camera and artificial intelligence t identify places, bjects and peple. The app then annunces what the camera sees s users will knw what is in frnt f them.
Peple can als use Seeing AI t learn wrds in English. With the app pen, yu can pint yur iPhne r iPad at any bject and it will say what the bject is. With Seeing AI, users can hear a descriptin f nt just bjects, but als peple. It can even tell yu abut their emtins. It will nt just say that smene is smiling. The app will say that the persn is happy. Or surprised. Or angry. Peple can use the app when ging t a stre r supermarket. It can read prduct bar cdes s users will knw whether a can is filled with fruit r dg fd. Micrsft says Seeing AI will sn be able t identify bankntes s peple knw whether they are hlding a bill that is wrth $ 100 r $ 1.
At restaurants, diners can use the new app t hear a list f drinks and ther menu things. It can recgnize bth fd chices and prices. Peple can use the app t read signs and get directins, althugh Micrsft warns against using it fr navigatin(导航)purpses.
One f the mre interesting tls f Seeing AI is its ability t read dcuments. The app can read dcuments alud and even help a user psitin them n the center f the electrnic device.
The app is currently available in just the US, Canada, India, Hng Kng, New Zealand and Singapre—hwever, Micrsft says that the app will be available in ther cuntries and districts sn.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了微软公司的一款新的人工智能软件, 可以在很多方面帮助盲人或有视力障碍的人。
32. Wh is Seeing AI intended fr?
A. Peple wrking at the restaurant.
B. Peple having visual disabilities.
C. Peple buying gds in the supermarket.
D. Peple having difficulty in learning languages.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。从第一段前两句可知微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知, 选项B“Peple having visual disabilities. ”(有视觉障碍的人)符合题意。故选B。
33. Micrsft warns users nt t use Seeing AI fr .
A. navigating
B. reading dcuments
C. describing a persn
D. reading prduct bar cdes
【解析】选A。细节理解题。从倒数第三段最后一句人们可以使用这款应用软件来识别标志和获取方向, 尽管微软警告不要将其用于导航目的。可推知, 微软警告不要用这款软件来导航。故选A。
34. What can we infer abut Seeing AI?
A. It was develped by Apple.
B. It can be used n cmputers.
C. It is helpful t peple wh is blind.
D. Everyne can use it with a smartphne.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章前两句微软公司的一款新产品可以为视力有障碍的人做到那一点。他们可能是盲人或视力受损的人。可推知, 这款人工智能软件对于盲人是非常有帮助的。故选C。
35. Which f fllwing is true abut Seeing AI?
A. It will have mre new functins.
B. It has already replaced peple’s eyes.
C. It will sn be available n Andrid.
D. It helps peple learn English and Chinese wrds.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句微软表示, Seeing AI不久将能够识别钞票, 这样人们就能知道他们手中的钞票是面值100美元还是1美元。可知, Seeing AI很快就能有更多的新功能。故选A。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·保定高二检测)
Wrds have the pwer t build us up r tear us dwn. It desn’t matter if the wrds cme frm urselves r smene else. The psitive and negative effects are just as lasting.
36 We’re usually t embarrassed t admit it, thugh. In fact, we really shuldn’t be because mre and mre experts believe talking t urselves ut lud is a healthy habit. This “self-talk” helps us mtivate urselves, remember things, slve prblems, and calm urselves dwn. Be aware, thugh, that as much as 77% f self-talk tends t be negative. 37
Often, wrds cme ut f ur muths withut thinking abut the effect they will have. But we shuld be aware that ur wrds cause certain respnses in thers. Fr example, when returning an item t a stre, we might use warm, friendly language during the exchange. And the clerk will prbably respnd in a similar manner. 38
Wrds pssess pwer because f their lasting effect. Many f us regret smething we nce said. We remember unkind wrds said t us as well. Befre speaking, we shuld always ask urselves: 39 If what we want t say desn’t pass this test, then it’s better left unsaid.
Wrds pssess pwer: bth psitive and negative. Thse arund us receive encuragement when we speak psitively. We can ffer hpe, build self-esteem and mtivate thers t d their best. 40 Will we use ur wrds t hurt r t heal? The chice is urs.
A. Is it lving?
B. Hw shuld I say it?
C. We all talk t urselves smetimes.
D. Negative wrds destry all thse things.
E. Generally peple like psitive and pleasant wrds.
F. Hwever, critical language may cause anger and defence.
G. S we shuld nly speak encuraging wrds t urselves.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了语言的力量。积极的语言可以激励我们, 消极的语言会摧毁我们。
36. 【解析】选C。根据空后一句可知然而, 我们通常觉得太尴尬而不承认。与选项C. We all talk t urselves smetimes. (我们所有人都会时不时自言自语)承接自然, 后文的it指代选项的内容, 故选C项。
37. 【解析】选G。根据空前一句可知但是, 要清楚多达77%的自言自语倾向于消极。与选项G. S we shuld nly speak encuraging wrds t urselves. (因此, 我们应该只对自己说鼓励的话)承接自然, 前后句构成明显的因果关系, negative和encuraging是关键词, 故选G项。
38. 【解析】选F。根据空前两句可知例如, 当把一件商品退回商店时, 我们在交换期间可能会用温和、友好的语言。店员很可能会用同样的方式回复你。与设空处是两种对比的情况, 且构成明显的转折关系, friendly和critical是关键词, 故选F项。
39. 【解析】选A。前文Befre speaking, we shuld always ask urselves: (在说话之前, 我们应该总是问问自己)与选项A. Is it lving? (它是表示关爱的话吗? )承接自然, 前文提出“问自己”, 下文给出问题, 故选A项。
40. 【解析】选D。根据空前两句当我们说积极的话时, 我们周围的人会得到鼓励。我们可以提供希望、建立自信以及激励别人做到最好。前后部分分别陈述积极话语和消极话语的两种情况, 选项D中的thse代指前文的We can ffer hpe, build self-esteem and mtivate thers t d their best, 故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
(2021·长沙高二检测)
Angela never liked seeing plastic waste washed up n the shre near her hme. She had been 41 t call n her cmmunity t clean it up, t change the 42 , s she tried t set up an rganizatin called Washed Ashre: Art t Save the Sea. Her 43 prved quite a success.
Here’s hw it 44 . Vlunteers help clean up 300 miles f shreline. Then, 45 nly plastic frm the beach clean up, Angela and many ther vlunteers create sculptures f sea 46 . She explains, “I mean t create sculptures that make peple take a lk and 47 : ‘Hw can there be this much waste n the beach? ‘ 48 these sculptures will make peple cnsider what they have 49 in their daily life and realize hw s much plastic ends up in the ceans. ” S far, abut 10, 000 50 vlunteers have cllected 21 tns f waste and helped create mre than 70 wrks f art. Fur traveling 51 have demnstrated the art wrks in 18 places f the cuntry. One f the sculptures, Turtle Ocean, received a 52 hnr. It was admitted int the Natinal Museum.
The Washed Ashre team is nw wrking n sculpture f a dlphin, with 53 fr mre sculptures. “Until we 54 plastic n the beach, the wrk will cntinue. These sculptures are a(n) 55 fr clean ceans. ” Angela says seriusly.
【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了Angela创立了致力于清理海岸垃圾的社区组织, 并用海岸垃圾创作出海洋生物雕塑, 以提醒人们需要的是一个洁净的海洋。
41. A. ffering B. lnging
C. admittingD. hesitating
【解析】选B。句意: 她一直渴望号召她的社区将它清理干净, 改变现状, 所以她努力地成立了一个名为“冲上岸: 拯救海洋的艺术”的组织。 ffering主动提供; lnging渴望; admitting承认; hesitating犹豫。lng t d sth. 渴望做某事, 符合语境, 故选B。
42. A. landscapeB. wrld
C. surfaceD. situatin
【解析】选D。她是想通过这个组织来改变目前塑料垃圾堆满海滩的现状。change the situatin改变现状。 landscape风景, 景色; wrld世界; surface表面; situatin现状。故选D。
43. A. attemptB. chice
C. prgramD. instructin
【解析】选A。根据下文可知她的努力很成功。 attempt尝试, 努力; chice选择; prgram节目; instructin说明。故选A。
44. A. walksB. applies
C. functinsD. prepares
【解析】选C。本段后文在讲述该组织的运作流程。walks步行; applies应用, 申请; functins运作, 功能; prepares准备。故选C。
45. A. stppingB. presenting
C. deliveringD. emplying
【解析】选D。根据下句可知, 这些雕塑应是使用海滩清理中的塑料创作而成。stpping阻止; presenting呈现; delivering传送; emplying雇用, 使用。故选D。
46. A. wasteB. flr
C. wavesD. creatures
【解析】选D。句意: 利用海滩清理工作中的塑料, Angela和其他许多志愿者创作了海洋生物的雕塑。 waste浪费, 废弃物; flr地板; waves海浪, 风潮; creatures生物, 动物。故选D。
47. A. rethinkB. remark
C. cnfirmD. annunce
【解析】选A。结合语境可知, 后文“Hw can there be this much waste n the beach? ”(海滩上怎么会有这么多垃圾? ), 这应是人们看到雕塑后思考的内容, 与后文cnsider相呼应。 rethink重新考虑; remark评论; cnfirm证明, 确认; annunce宣告。故选A。
48. A. GenerallyB. Hpefully
C. FrtunatelyD. Surprisingly
【解析】选B。Angela希望这些雕塑能让人们思考他们在日常生活中购买了什么, 并意识到如此多的塑料最终会流入海洋。 Generally一般地, 普遍地; Hpefully有希望地; Frtunately幸运地; Surprisingly出乎意料地。故选B。
49. A. achievedB. bserved
C. purchasedD. recmmended
【解析】选C。结合常识和后文“in their daily life”(在他们的日常生活中)可推知, 日常生活中购买的东西中有大量的塑料垃圾。 achieved获得; bserved观察; purchased购买; recmmended推荐。故选C。
50. A. devtedB. surprised
C. gratefulD. adventurus
【解析】选A。句意: 到目前为止, 大约1万名志愿者已经尽心尽力地收集了21吨垃圾, 并帮助创作了70多件艺术品。 devted挚爱的, 忠诚的, 全心全意的; surprised惊奇的; grateful感激的; adventurus有冒险精神的。故选A。
51. A. guidesB. managers
C. advertisementsD. exhibitins
【解析】选D。根据后文“have demnstrated the art wrks in 18 places f the cuntry”可知, 在全国18个地方展出这些作品, 应是举行了巡回展。guides导游; managers经理; advertisements广告; exhibitins展览。故选D。
52. A. flkB. simple
C. specialD. strange
【解析】选C。句意: 其中一个雕塑, 《海龟海洋》获得了一项特别的荣誉。 flk民间的; simple简单的; special特别的; strange奇怪的。故选C。
53. A. plansB. calls
C. elementsD. exchanges
【解析】选A。句意: “冲上岸”团队现在正在制作海豚的雕塑, 并计划制作更多的雕塑。 plans计划; calls电话; elements要素, 基本成分; exchanges交换, 交谈。故选A。
54. A. get dwn tB. keep away frm
C. get rid fD. end up with
【解析】选C。从前文可知, 该志愿者团队是打捞被冲上岸的塑料垃圾的, 当然在他们完全清除海滩上的塑料前, 工作还将继续。get dwn t开始考虑, 着手处理; keep away frm远离; get rid f摆脱; end up with以……结束。故选C。
55. A. answerB. appeal
C. warningD. respnse
【解析】选B。句意: Angela严肃地说: “这些雕塑是对清洁海洋的呼吁。” answer答案; appeal呼吁; warning警告; respnse回复。故选B。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2021·沈阳高二检测)
Zhng Nanshan, 56. ld man, is als an academician f the Chinese Academy f engineering, a famus respiratry expert, and a leading figure in the 57. (prevent) and cntrl f respiratry infectius diseases in China.
In the spring f 2003, the SARS epidemic brke 58. in China and acrss the glbe. Zhng Nanshan nt nly led 59. tk an active part in the battle against SARS. Dangerus as it was, Zhng Nanshan wrked hard day and night 60. (treat) the patients. Thrugh their hard wrk fr several mnths, Zhng Nanshan and his wrkmates achieved a 61. (remark) result. Sn the SARS epidemic was stpped in its track.
17 years later, when the nvel crnavirus pneumnia appeared, he still fught against the virus in the first line f the battle t find the best medicine 62. (vercme) the virus. With him, there is a belief in victry. He is the sea gd needle in ur heart!
Zhng Nanshan 63. (award) fr the Medal f the Republic, a wrking cmmittee fr hnr-granting said n Mnday, which hnred a number f exemplary figures in 2019 fr their utstanding 64. (cntributin) t the Peple’s Republic’s develpment since 65. (it) funding in 1949.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国工程院院士, 著名呼吸系统专家, 全国呼吸感染性疾病防治领军人物——钟南山。
56. 【解析】an。考查冠词。句意: 钟南山, 一位老人, 是中国工程院院士, 著名呼吸科专家, 中国呼吸传染病防治领军人物。此处作Zhng Nanshan的同位语, 泛指“一位老人”, 应使用不定冠词, ld的发音以元音音素开头, 应使用an。故填an。
57. 【解析】preventin。考查名词。此处与and后的cntrl是并列成分, 作介词in的宾语, 应使用名词, 抽象意义, 不可数, 故填preventin。
58. 【解析】ut。考查固定短语。句意: 2003年春天, 中国和世界各地爆发了非典疫情。根据句意可知, 此处使用固定短语break ut“爆发”。故填ut。
59. 【解析】but。考查固定搭配。句意: 钟南山不仅领导而且积极参加了抗击非典的战斗。根据句意可知, 此处是固定搭配nt nly. . . but (als). . . “不仅……而且……”。故填but。
60. 【解析】treating。考查非谓语动词。句意: 尽管它是危险的, 但是钟南山夜以继日地治疗病人。分析可知, 此处是非谓语动词, 句子主语Zhng Nanshan和treat之间是主动关系, 故用现在分词作伴随状语, 故填treating。
61. 【解析】remarkable。考查形容词。句意: 经过他们几个月的努力工作, 钟南山和他的同事们取得了令人瞩目的结果。此处修饰名词result, 应使用形容词, 作定语。故填remarkable。
62. 【解析】t vercme。考查非谓语动词。句意: 17年后, 当新冠肺炎出现时, 他仍在与病毒战斗的第一线, 寻找战胜病毒的最佳药物。当被修饰词前有序数词、形容词最高级、the nly/very/just修饰时, 用动词不定式作后置定语。故填t vercme。
63. 【解析】was awarded。考查时态和语态。句意: 在周一, 中华人民共和国授勋工作委员会宣布钟南山被授予共和国勋章, 并表彰了一批自1949年新中国成立以来为国家发展做出突出贡献的2019年模范人物。award与Zhng Nanshan是被动关系, 应使用被动语态, 由a wrking cmmittee fr hnr-granting said n Mnday可知, 应使用一般过去时。故填was awarded。
64. 【解析】cntributins。考查可数名词的复数。make cntributins t表示“对……做贡献”。故填cntributins。
65. 【解析】its。考查代词。修饰名词funding 用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
(2021·深圳高二检测)
假定你是李华。元旦前夕, 你班将举办一场迎新晚会, 请你给外教Mr White写一封信, 邀请他参加。
内容包括:
1. 时间;
2. 地点;
3. 活动。
注意:
1. 写作词数应为80左右;
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。



【参考范文】
Dear Mr White,
I am greatly hnred t invite yu t attend ur party, which will be scheduled at 6 p. m. this Sunday at the schl hall.
A variety f well-rganized activities are waiting fr yu. T begin with, we will first enjy delicius meals, clsely fllwed by varius perfrmances. Then, there will cme the mst exciting part f the party: playing interesting games tgether.
We wuld lve t have yu here if yu can make it. Please infrm us at yur earliest cnvenience, enabling us t make sme necessary preparatins.
Yurs sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021·苏州高二检测)
In 1989 an 8. 2 earthquake almst destryed America, killing ver 30, 000 peple in less than fur minutes. In the midst f utter devastatin (破坏) and chas, a father left his wife safely at hme and rushed t the schl where his sn was suppsed t be, nly t discver that the building was as flat as a pancake.
After the unfrgettably initial shck, he remembered the prmise he had made t his sn, “N matter what, I’ll always be there fr yu! ” And tears began t fill his eyes. As he lked at the pile f ruins that nce was the schl, he lked hpeless, but he kept remembering his cmmitment t his sn.
He began t direct his attentin twards where he walked his sn t class at schl each mrning. Remembering his sn’s classrm wuld be in the back right crner f the building, he rushed there and started digging thrugh the ruins.
As he was digging, ther helpless parents arrived, heartbrken, saying, “My sn! ” “My daughter! ” Other well-meaning parents tried t pull him ff what was left f the schl, saying, “It’s t late! They’re all dead! Yu can’t help! G hme! Cme n, face reality, there’s nthing yu can d! ”
T each parent he respnded with ne line, “Are yu ging t help me nw? ” And then he cntinued t dig fr his sn, stne by stne. The fire chief shwed up and tried t pull him ff the schl’s ruins, saying, “Fires are breaking ut, explsins are happening everywhere. Yu’re in danger. We’ll take care f it. G hme. ” T which this lving, caring American father asked, “Are yu ging t help me nw? ”
The plice came and said, “Yu’re angry, anxius and it’s ver. Yu’re endangering thers. G hme. We’ll handle it! ” T which he replied, “Are yu ging t help me nw? ” N ne helped.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
Curageusly he went n alne because he needed t knw fr himself: “Is my by alive r is he dead? ”



“There are 14 f us left ut f 33, Dad, ” Armand replied,


【参考范文】
Curageusly he went n alne because he needed t knw fr himself: “Is my by alive r is he dead? ” He dug fr eight hurs. . . 12 hurs. . . 24 hurs. . . 36 hurs. . . Then, in the 38th hur, he pulled back a large stne and heard his sn’s vice. After screaming his sn’s name, “ARMAND! ” he heard back, “Dad? ! It’s me, Dad! ” The faint but familiar vice brught tears f relief t his eyes. “What’s ging n in there? Hw is it? ” the father asked anxiusly, digging mre frcefully with his bare hands.
“There are 14 f us left ut f 33, Dad, ” Armand replied, “We’re scared, hungry, thirsty and thankful yu’re here. When the building cllapsed, it made a triangle, and it saved us. ” “Cme ut, by! ” the father yelled eagerly. “N, Dad! Let the ther kids ut first, because I knw yu’ll get me! N matter what happens, I knw yu’ll always be there fr me! ”
【教师备选】
阅读下面短文, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段话, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。
(2021·揭阳高二检测)
One day, the Mullah, an imprtant man in the village, fund his dnkey was gne when he wanted t g t visit a friend. He was very angry and ran arund t lk fr his dnkey.
The Mullah ran abut lking until he was t tired. He sat dwn t rest at his gate. A few friends came t jin him. “That n-gd lazy dnkey! ” he said. “If I ever see her again, I’ll sell her fr a dllar! ” Selling a dnkey fr a dllar was just a jke.
Just then the Mullah heard the sund f his dnkey’s feet. He lked arund. There was his dnkey. On her back rde a by, “Where did yu find her? ” asked the Mullah. “We culdn’t find her anywhere. ”
“I knew where I wuld g if I were a dnkey, ” said the by. “I fund her eating grass with the sheep and gats. ”
Suddenly, the Mullah lked t ne side and saw ne f his friends hlding up a dllar. On the ther side he saw anther with a dllar.
“I’ll buy yur dnkey. ” said the tw.
“I was jking! ” said the Mullah.
“Yu didn’t sund as if yu were jking. ” said the tw.
The Mullah culdn’t break his wrd. That wuld be wrng fr an imprtant persn in the village. He certainly didn’t want t sell his dnkey fr a dllar. S he said, “Meet me at the dnkey fair n Saturday. I shall sell her at that time. I shall sell my dnkey t the ne wh will treat her mst kindly. ”
Everybdy was kind t animals in the village.
注意: 续写词数应为150左右。
S the Mullah thught ut a plan.



My dnkey and my cat are very gd friends.



【参考范文】
S the Mullah thught ut a plan. He wanted t keep his wrd and als t keep his dnkey. On the night befre the dnkey fair, the Mullah bught a piece f rpe. N ne had any idea n why the Mullah bught a piece f rpe. On Saturday, the man and the by in the village came t the dnkey fair as scheduled. They fund a cat tied with a piece f rpe t the tail f the Mullah’s dnkey! Beside them std the Mullah, wh lked happy. “It is true, I’ll sell my dnkey fr a dllar, ” said the Mullah. “Just ne thing, thugh. ”
My dnkey and my cat are very gd friends. They must nt be parted. The kind man wh buys my dnkey must buy my cat als. “Hw much is yur cat? ” asked many vices. “Oh, my cat is a very imprtant animal, ” said the Mullah, “Her father caught a muse fr the King. Her mther seized a muse fr the Queen. Nne can equal its agility and smartness. Fr such a great cat, I want ne hundred dllars. ” The men burst ut laughing and gave up the idea f wning the dnkey.