2020-2021学年Unit 3 the earth导学案

Unit 3 The Earth &Grammar

Countable and uncountable nouns 可数名词和不可数名词词

一，如何区分可数名词（Cn）与不可数名词（Un）▲★

1. 分类法：篮球，桌子，苹果等独立个体可以数出来的为可数名词

           玻璃，木材，钢铁等作为材料都是不可数名词

           液体都是不可数名词

           友谊，音乐，自由等并不真实存在，而只是一种概念的名词不可数

2. 数数法：篮球等可以一个，两个数出来的是可数名词

           空气等不能一个，两个数出来的是不可数名词

3.一分为二法：一个事物一分为二后如果不再具有原来的形态，则是可数名词， 如桌子

             一个事物一分为二后如果还具有原来的形态，则是不可数名词，

如肉，纸

EX: 圈出下列单词中的不可数名词

peach  coffee  ink  shirt  picture  sister  garden  sofa  knife  snow  water  ice  tea  cooker  lemonade  orange  fridge  truck  rain  wind  car  teacher  music  ear

二，可数名词的复数形式★

1.规则变化

①book--         ,  classroom--            :                                           

②box--          ;  watch--                                              

  bus--          ;  brush--               :                                                  

③boy--          ;  toy--                 :                                                 

  family--        ;  city--                :                                               

④piano--         ;  radio--              :                                          

patato--          ; hero--              :                                        

⑤wife--         ;   leaf--                :                                        

2.不规则变化★

①内部元音变化

foot--           goose--           tooth--           

man--           woman--           mouse--        

②单复同型

Chinese--          Japanese--          sheep--          deer--          fish--                  

③无厘头

child--        

④ 第一个名词词修饰第二个名词▲                                

a girl student--                 

a woman doctor--                     a man teacher--                    

⑤某国人的复数▲

Chinese--             Swiss--             Portuguese--          

Frenchman--               Englishwoman --              

German--               American--              Egyptian--              

EX:写出下列名词的复数形式

country    __________

tooth      __________ 

water      __________

mouse     __________

boy       __________       

bus       __________

fox       __________

baby     __________

family    __________

radio     __________

fish      ___________

photo    __________

knife     __________

Frenchman __________

man      __________

woman    __________

watch     __________

sheep     ___________

tea        ___________

peach      ___________

paper      __________

juice       __________ 

Japanese    ___________ 

rice        __________

deer       __________

strawberry  _________ 

child      __________

horse      ________

三，不可数名词的量的表达★

不可数名词的数要借助量词来表达

a   bottle of  water

结构：数词+量词+of+不可数名词

two cups of coffee

注意：量词有单复数的变化

常用的量词有：

a cup/ glass of 一杯

a bottle of 一瓶

a piece of 一片，一条，一块

a box of 一盒

a kilogram of 一千克

EX：中译英

两杯咖啡                       四块面包                        

三块肥皂                       七张纸                        

五瓶牛奶                         八千克茶叶                                          

单项选择

1. There are many ______ in the fridge.

A. milk     B. fruit       C. eggs      D. bread

2. Here are ______ for you, Sue.

A. potatos     B. some potatoes     C. three tomatos      D. some tomato

3. I always go to that ______ to buy food on Sunday.

A. shop       B. park        C. zoo       D. garden

4. Mum, I’m quite thirsty. Please give me ________.

A. two orange                   B. two bottle of oranges

C. two bottles of orange           D. two bottles of oranges

5. How wonderful! The ______ is made of _______.

A. house, glass    B. house, glasses    C. houses, glass    D. houses, glasses

6. There are two ______ in the room.

A. shelf         B. shelfs             C. shelfes          D. shelves

7.There are about twenty       in the room. They are having a party there.

A.people       B.sheep       C.student       D.chickens

8．The deer has four ______.

A. foot    B. feet    C. feets    D. foots

9．Her two brothers are both ______.

A. policeman    B. policemans    C. policemen    D. policemens

10．Can you see nine _____ in the picture?

A. sheep    B. dog    C. pig    D. horse

11．The _____ has two ______.

A. boys, watches    B. boy, watch    C. boy, watches    D. boys, watch

12．The boy often brushes his _____ before he goes to bed.

A. tooth    B. tooths    C. teeth    D. teeths

13．There are lots of _____ in the basket on the table.

A. tomatos    B. tomato    C. tomatoes    D. tomatoss

14. The cat caught two ______ last night.

　A. mouses    B. mice    C. mouse    D. mices

15. There ______ many pieces of bread much juice and in the fridge.

A. have    B. is    C. are    D. has

二，用所给名词的适当形式填空。

　　1. How many________(sheep) are there on the hill?

　　2. There is some________(food) in the basket.

　　3. The baby has only two________(tooth) now.

　　4. There is a lot of________(water) in the bottle.

　　5. There are five________(people ) in his family.

　　6. I have lots of________(tomato) here.

　　7. The________(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.

　　8. The________(child) are playing games on the playground now.

　　9. Their________(dictionary) look new.

　　10. Can you give me some bottles of ____ (orange), please?

三．选择正确的短语完成下列对话。

1．     I’m going to write a letter. Is there any paper on the desk?  Yes, there is.

Give me _______, please.

2.  They’re hungry. Is there any bread in the refrigerator? Yes, there is.

Give them _______, please.

3. We’re going to cook a meal. Is there any sugar? Yes, there is.

    Give us_____, please.                                

4.  We are thirsty. Is there any milk in the kitchen? Yes, there is.

Give us_____, please.

5.  The boy is crying .Is there any chocolate in the box? Yes, there is.

Give him _____, please.

四，可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语★▲

1.many，these, a few +可数名词复数

2.a/an, every，this + 可数名词单数                     

4.much +a little 不可数名词

3.some, any, a lot of+ 可数名词或不可数名词

EX: 根据句意用a, an, much或many填空，补全句子。

1. I eat        apple every day.

2. Mum, I want to have        orange.

3. He buys         bananas.

4. In the morning, I drank         milk.

5. Carla has        different books.

五，there is还是there are句型★

There is/are +n +某地：在某地有什么东西

Eg: There are five student in the classroom. 在教室里有五个学生

就近原则：★

There is a boy and five girls in the room.

There are five girls and a boy.

用there is 还是there are,取决于紧跟在be动词后面的名词是单数还是复数

注意：虽然是“有’的含义，但不能用“there have/has”

EX: 根据句意，用适当的be动词填空，补全句子

1. There         a book and two pens on the desk.

2. There         many apples in the bag.

3. There        much water in the glass.

4. There        an egg on the table.

5. There        many animals in the zoo.