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英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course学案
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course学案，共14页。
Period Four Using Language & Other Parts
Ⅰ.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．They felt hopeless when they were at Elephant Island.
B．They lived a happy life when they were at Elephant Island.
C．They had enough food when they were at Elephant Island.
D．They suffered a lot at Elephant Island but at last they were rescued.
答案 D
Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．When Shackleton and his boat left the island，they were .
A．confident and positive
B．worried and desperate
C．sure of their future
D．not worried about him
答案 B
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．They couldn’t find water，plants or sea animals.
B．They couldn’t find water，vegetables or fruit.
C．They lived in very warm weather.
D．They needn’t worry about what they would eat.
答案 B
3．It was that helped them survive the terrible conditions.
A．fruit and vegetables
B．their chef and the delicious food
C．their discipline，team spirit and their faith in Shackleton
D．their friends and their family
答案 C
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
2．furniture n．家具
3．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
4．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
5．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
6．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
7．candidate n．候选人；应试者
8．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv.彻底地
9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地
10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide v．引导
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt. & vi.公布；宣传；做广告
12．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗略地
13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt. & vi.(使)作出保证；投入
14．motive n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→motivation n．动机
掌握规律 巧记单词
un＋fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
例如：lucky→unlucky，happy→unhappy
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．under one’s guidance在某人的带领下
2．ahead of在……前面
3．cheer...up使……振作
4．fall into陷入……
5．make fire生火
6．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．as long as只要
It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
2．What if...？如果……怎么办？
What if they were delayed?
如果他们被延误了怎么办？
3．if虚拟条件句
If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
重点词汇
Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.奥利佛小时候生活对他很残忍。
cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
※be cruel to对……残忍
※cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
※cruelty n.残忍；残酷
(1)Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals.
有些人不吃肉，因为他们觉得吃动物太残忍。
(2)You shouldn’t have treated the pet dog so cruelly(cruel)．
你不该那么残忍地对待那只宠物狗。
(3)It was his cruelty(cruel) that forced his wife to leave their home.
是他的残忍迫使妻子离开了家。
Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
※unfortunate adj.不幸的
※fortunate adj.幸运的
※fortunately adv.幸运地
※fortune n．机遇；运气
make a fortune发财
(1)Unfortunately，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth!
不幸的是，他没打到球，反而打到了自己的假牙！
(2)While staying with me，he talked of the unfortunate(fortunate) accident.
和我待在一起时，他谈起了那个不幸的事故。
(3)It is fortunate(fortune) for him to get such a valuable chance.
能得到那样一个宝贵的机会，他真是幸运。
(4)The young man decided to make a fortune in that city，but failed.
那个年轻人决定在那个城市里发财，但是失败了。
Life fell into a regular pattern.生活变得有规律。
fall into进入(某种状态)；开始
fall off掉下来；减少；下降
fall behind落在后面
fall down摔倒
fall over跌倒；倒下
(1)I was too tired，so I climbed into bed and fell into a deep sleep.
我太累了，于是爬上床，酣然入睡。
(2)Many of the stone figures had been stolen and others were falling into pieces.
很多石像被偷了，其他的成了碎片。
(3)In general，sales always fall off in the winter months.
一般来说，在冬季销售额总是会下降。
(4)After ten miles，Tom was tired and started to fall behind.
走了十英里之后，汤姆累了，开始落在后面了。
(5)The other day the old man fell down and hurt his knee.
不久前这位老人跌倒了，弄伤了膝盖。
This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds.这放出来黑色的油烟，但是即使在大风中它也能一直燃烧着。
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give away捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密)
give back归还
give up放弃
give out分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；精疲力竭
(1)Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
自行车不会排放废气，因此它们是环保的。
(2)Well，if you don’t want to read it，give it back.
好吧，如果你不想读它，就把它还回去吧。
(3)The government gave out food to people who are out of work.
政府向失业者分发了食品。
(4)We invited a famous scientist to give away the prizes.
我们邀请了一位著名科学家来颁发这些奖。
And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.他把我们从漫长而痛苦的死亡中救了出来，履行了他的承诺。
commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
※make a commitment做出承诺
※commit v．犯(错误、罪行等)；承担义务，使做出保证；投入
commit a crime犯罪
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事
※committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
(1)A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。
(2)He made a commitment(commit) that he would attend the ceremony on behalf of his school.
他承诺他会代表学校出席典礼。
(3)Countries around the world have already committed themselves to setting(set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund.
世界各国已经承诺建立气候应对基金。
(4)The young man who had committed a crime was caught by the police last night.
那个犯罪的年轻人昨晚被警察抓住了。
经典句式
What if they were delayed？如果他们被延误了怎么办？
※What if...？意为“如果……将会怎样？”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。
※What about...？/How about...？……怎么样？
What (...) for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？
So what？那又怎么样？
(1)What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?
要是他们花很长时间谈论你不是很感兴趣的一幅画怎么办？
(2)A question occurred to the boy：what is this tool for?
这个男孩想到一个问题：这个工具是干什么用的？
[选词填空] what if，what for，so what
(3)—Her father is very rich.
—So what？She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
(4)What if we invited them to come here for a party instead?
(5)—She has decided to work parttime.
—What for?
[句型转换]
(6)If I fall sick and can’t be able to work，what shall I do?
What if I fall sick and can’t be able to work?
If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
※本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
※虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用：
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
①动词的过去式
②were to＋动词原形
③should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
(1)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
如果他们开车多走几公里，就有可能找到一个更好的宾馆。
(2)If I were you，I should/would go and see the dentist at once.
如果我是你的话，我会马上去看牙医。
(3)If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.
要是我来做这件事，我会用一种不同的方法来做。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The fact is that the new toy gives off a terrible smell.
2．What if your parents won’t agree to your new plan?
3．When they saw the terrible scene，they all fell into a panic.
4．Unluckily，they failed to reach a commitment(commit) in the end.
5．You will reach your final goal under the guidance(guide) of the wise man.
6．Unfortunately(fortunately)，the two boys were both injured in the accident.
7．It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates so cruelly(cruel)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
8．If I had enough money，I would send the boy to that country for further education.
要是我有足够的钱，我就把那个男孩送到那个国家深造了。
9．Your son has arrived at the hall.What if someone won’t allow him in?
你儿子到达大厅了。要是有人不让他进去怎么办？
10．When I turned around，I saw an old man who was making fire.
我转过身来，看到了一位正在生火的老人。
11．The young man refused to make a commitment，which made him angry.
那个年轻人拒绝做出承诺，这让他很生气。
12．I must find out what is giving off so terrible a smell in the corner.
我必须找出角落里是什么发出这么讨厌的气味。
Ⅲ.选词填空
下面的短文是P44－45的课文改写，请从下表中选择合适的词汇并用其适当形式完成此文。
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.It was easy 13.to imagine the danger ahead of them.
Life fell into a regular pattern.Staying 14.alive took all our time and energy.We 15.needed water，and Elephant Island had none.Food was also a problem，as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.If it weren’t for sea animals，we 16.would starve.We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the 17.changing temperatures could make us ill.Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we 18.burnt for our fires.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and 19.helped us deal with our fears in a positive and 20.successful way.When we were finally 21.rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in 22.staying alive.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have a motive(动机) in offering to help you this time.
2．They planned to fill the new house with some new furniture.
3．Our teacher asked us to do some thorough(彻底的) cleaning the next day.
4．In fact，he bought such a large house just for recreation(消遣)．
5．Some candidates were busy preparing for the election.
6．As far as I’m concerned，the old man is really a loyal(忠诚的) member.
7．The old woman’s hands were so rough，for she had been working in the field.
8．If you live in this damp(潮湿的) room，you have to buy some more quilts.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．A good advertising(advertise) campaign will increase our sales.
10．It was an episode where an old man was knocked down by a running boy.
11．When the girl saw a dog barking(bark) there，she daren’t enter the yard.
12．There was little time left，so he divided the books into three groups roughly(rough)．
13．This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications(apply) in industry.
14．The work hadn’t been done very thoroughly(thorough)，which made him angry.
15．The company’s commitment(commit) made the villagers more relieved.
Ⅲ.单句写作
16．你最好把发出怪味的箱子搬出去。(give off)
You’d better remove the box giving off a strange smell.
17．那些候选人一直在忠诚地为人民服务。(have been doing...)
Those candidates have been serving the people loyally.
18．我相信在他的带领下，我们会实现最终目标。(guidance)
I believe that we will reach our final goal under his guidance.
19．如果我听了他的建议，我就通过驾照考试了。(虚拟语气)
If I had taken his advice，I would have passed the driving test.
20．不幸的是，大部分家具被大雨毁掉了。(unfortunately)
Unfortunately，most of the furniture was destroyed by the heavy rain.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
When you choke，you can’t breathe properly or can’t get enough air into your lungs because there is something in your throat.Choking can make the person unable to breathe，talk，or even make noise.Worse still，because the body needs oxygen to stay alive，when oxygen can’t reach the lungs and the brain，a person can become unconscious(失去知觉)，suffer from brain damage，and even die within minutes.That is what makes choking such a serious emergency.
Choking is a serious thing.If you think someone is choking，shout for help and have somebody call 911 right away.If you can do it properly and safely，meanwhile you can give him or her first aid.In other words，you can get behind the choking person and then give a certain kind of quick squeeze(挤压) in the middle of the stomach.This squeeze sends a quick，powerful burst of air from the person’s lungs upward，removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.
Choking is sometimes dangerous.Luckily，something can be done to prevent it.For example，be extra careful when you’re eating certain foods that are easy to choke on.They include things like hot dogs，nuts，grapes，raw carrots，popcorn，and hard candy.Check food labels to make sure that the food isn’t the kind that can lead to choking.Also you can sit down，take small bites and don’t talk or laugh when your mouth is filled with food!
In addition，look out for the little guys and girls.Babies and young children love to put things in their mouths，so help keep them safe by picking up anything off the floor that might be risky to swallow—like pen caps and coins.Keep toys with small parts in some places young children can’t get to，and never share your food or candy with a baby.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了窒息的危害以及如何预防和处理窒息的状况。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A．Examples of choking.
B．Signs of choking.
C．Harms of choking.
D．Causes of choking.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，窒息会让人不能呼吸，不能讲话，甚至失去知觉，还可能致死。所以本段主要介绍的是窒息的危害。故选C。
2．What first aid should be given to a choking sufferer?
A．Pouring some water into his mouth.
B．Gently pressing him on the back.
C．Asking the people present for help.
D．Trying to clear the thing of his throat.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句中的“...removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.”可知，当一个人窒息时，应该清理卡在他喉咙里的东西。故选D。
3．What should we do to keep choking from happening to kids?
A．Offer them toys with small parts.
B．Talk to them while we are feeding them.
C．Keep dangerous things out of their reach.
D．Forbid them from eating too many candies.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，小孩子喜欢把东西放入嘴里，所以我们应该尽量把有危险的物品放在他们够不到的地方。故选C。
4．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．An advertisement.
B．A work report.
C．An interesting story.
D．A magazine on nursing.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了窒息的危害以及如何预防和处理窒息的状况，由此可以推断出本文是出自一本关于护理的杂志。故选D。
Ⅴ.完形填空
You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake.The following 1 may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering 2 weakness.
A little boy felt sorry for a butterfly 3 to emerge from its chrysalis(蛹)．He decided to help the butterfly.So he peeled the chrysalis open for the butterfly.The little boy was so 4 to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky.Then he was horrified 5 he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and die because it did not have the muscle and 6 to keep flying.In fact，the butterfly’s struggle to 7 the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.
Like the little boy， 8 too often want to protect their children from struggle in the name of love.They don’t realize that their children need to struggle，to experience 9 ，to deal with disappointment，and to solve their own problems.Only in this way can children strengthen their emotional strength，become strongwilled and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives.Children experiencing sufferings can 10 the ups and downs of life.
However，it isn’t helpful either in this case when parents 11 lectures(训斥)，blame and shame to what the child is experiencing.Mothers 12 to say，“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You can’t always get what you want.” These 13 words should be avoided.Instead，parents can offer their loving support.You can say，“Don’t lose heart.Be brave! You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough part—no 14 and no lectures. Simply allow him to discover that he can 15 his disappointment and figure out what he can do to get what he wants in the future.
语篇解读 本文主要通过小男孩好心剥开茧帮助蝴蝶出来，结果却导致蝴蝶无法飞翔并且死亡的故事说明了孩子们在经历困境时，父母既不要帮助也不要训斥，要让孩子积极地自己想办法克服困难。
1．A.saying B．story
C．proverb D．prejudice
答案 B
解析 根据下文可知，此处说的是下面的一个故事可能会帮助你理解。故选B。
2．A.damages B．burns
C．betrays D．creates
答案 D
解析 帮助孩子避开所有的困难会致使其软弱。create产生，造成。
3．A.exposing B．devoting
C．struggling D．coming
答案 C
解析 根据第二段最后一句中的“the butterfly’s struggle”可知，一个小男孩看到一只蝴蝶努力地从它的茧里钻出来，感觉它很可怜。struggle斗争，努力。故选C。
4．A.moved B．excited
C．puzzled D．depressed
答案 B
解析 当看到蝴蝶展开它的翅膀飞向天空时，小男孩是如此兴奋。excited兴奋的。故选B。
5．A.until B．since
C．before D．as
答案 D
解析 当他看到蝴蝶掉在地上死了时，小男孩惊呆了。as当……的时候。故选D。
6．A.power B．energy
C．strength D．departure
答案 C
解析 因为它没有保持飞翔的肌肉与力量。strength力量。故选C。
7．A.break away from B．do away with
C．get along with D．come up with
答案 A
解析 实际上，蝴蝶在破茧而出时的挣扎、努力使得它变得更加强壮。break away from...脱离……。故选A。
8．A.teachers B．parents
C．relatives D．friends
答案 B
解析 父母总是想以爱的名义保护他们的孩子免受困难。parents父母。故选B。
9．A.friendships B．scholarships
C．relationships D．hardships
答案 D
解析 他们没有意识到他们的孩子需要奋斗，需要经历苦难，需要面对失望，需要解决他们自己的问题。hardship苦难。故选D。
10．A.expect B．classify
C．survive D．avoid
答案 C
解析 经历了困苦的孩子们能够经受生活的起起落落。survive存活，经受。故选C。
11．A.add B．adapt
C．devote D．contribute
答案 A
解析 前文说父母干涉孩子们经历困难是不好的，此处说父母对其施加训斥、责备、羞辱也是不好的。add...to...向……增加……。故选A。
12．A.pretend B．happen
C．tend D．seem
答案 C
解析 母亲总是说：“不能哭，别像个被惯坏了的孩子一样。你不能总是得到你想要的。”根据下文“words should be avoided”可知这类话应该避免，即暗示母亲们总是倾向于说这类话。tend to do sth.倾向于做某事。
13．A.inspiring B．discouraging
C．interesting D．touching
答案 B
解析 根据上文的“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You can’t always get what you want.”可知，这些是令人沮丧的话。discouraging令人沮丧的。故选B。
14．A.parking B．smoking
C．drinking D．rescuing
答案 D
解析 根据第一段中的“rescuing children from all suffering”可知，此处告诉父母不要帮忙也不要训斥。rescue营救，帮助。故选D。
15．A.get through B．get over
C．get across D．get away
答案 B
解析 让他去发现他自己可以从失望中恢复过来并且弄清楚在未来的生活中，他可以做什么来得到他所想要的东西。get over克服。故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Like most people，I was brought up to look upon life as a getting.It was not until in my late thirties 1. I made this important discovery：giving away things 2. (make) life so much more exciting.One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without 3. (get) something back，though the return often comes in 4. unexpected form.One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home，though it 5. (address) to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of
6. (appreciate)．More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting.I was told at the window that there were no boxes 7. (leave)，and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.As I was about to leave，the postmaster appeared in the doorway.He had overheard our conversation.“Wasn’t it you that wrote us a letter a year ago about a special 8. (deliver) to your home？” I said yes.“Well，you are 9. (certain)
going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you.You don’t know 10.
a letter like that means to us.We usually get nothing but complaints.”
1．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。句意为：直到我快四十岁的时候，我才有了这个重要的发现。本句是强调句型It is/was not until...that...。
2．答案 makes
解析 考查主谓一致。“giving away things”是动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填makes。
3．答案 getting
解析 考查非谓语动词。without用作介词，后接动名词作宾语。
4．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“以一种意想不到的形式”。unexpected的第一个音素是元音，故填an。
5．答案 was addressed
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。be addressed to(在信封和包裹上)写姓名地址。此处表示过去的动作，故填was addressed。
6．答案 appreciation
解析 考查词性转换。介词of后使用名词。故填appreciation。
7．答案 left
解析 考查非谓语动词。boxes与leave之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。故填left。
8．答案 delivery
解析 考查词性转换。形容词后接名词。delivery n．递送。
9．答案 certainly
解析 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词。故填certainly。
10．答案 what
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：你不知道那封信对我们来说意味着什么。故填what。
Period Four Using Language & Other Parts
Ⅰ.What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．They felt hopeless when they were at Elephant Island.
B．They lived a happy life when they were at Elephant Island.
C．They had enough food when they were at Elephant Island.
D．They suffered a lot at Elephant Island but at last they were rescued.
答案 D
Ⅱ.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer.
1．When Shackleton and his boat left the island，they were .
A．confident and positive
B．worried and desperate
C．sure of their future
D．not worried about him
答案 B
2．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A．They couldn’t find water，plants or sea animals.
B．They couldn’t find water，vegetables or fruit.
C．They lived in very warm weather.
D．They needn’t worry about what they would eat.
答案 B
3．It was that helped them survive the terrible conditions.
A．fruit and vegetables
B．their chef and the delicious food
C．their discipline，team spirit and their faith in Shackleton
D．their friends and their family
答案 C
Ⅰ.重点单词
1．cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
2．furniture n．家具
3．damp adj.潮湿的；湿气重的
4．recreation n．娱乐；消遣；游戏
5．corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的
6．loyal adj.忠诚的；忠实的
7．candidate n．候选人；应试者
8．thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的→thoroughly adv.彻底地
9．unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地→fortunately adv.幸运地
10．guidance n．指导；引导；导航→guide v．引导
11．advertising n．广告活动；广告业→advertise vt. & vi.公布；宣传；做广告
12．rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的→roughly adv.粗略地
13．commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献→commit vt. & vi.(使)作出保证；投入
14．motive n．动机；原因；目的adj.发动的→motivation n．动机
掌握规律 巧记单词
un＋fortunately adv.幸运地→unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
例如：lucky→unlucky，happy→unhappy
Ⅱ.核心短语
1．under one’s guidance在某人的带领下
2．ahead of在……前面
3．cheer...up使……振作
4．fall into陷入……
5．make fire生火
6．give off放出(热、光、气味或气体)
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．as long as只要
It will eventually lead to success as long as you persevere.
只要你坚持，你最终会成功。
2．What if...？如果……怎么办？
What if they were delayed?
如果他们被延误了怎么办？
3．if虚拟条件句
If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.
要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
重点词汇
Life was cruel to Oliver when he was young.奥利佛小时候生活对他很残忍。
cruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的
※be cruel to对……残忍
※cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地
※cruelty n.残忍；残酷
(1)Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is cruel to eat animals.
有些人不吃肉，因为他们觉得吃动物太残忍。
(2)You shouldn’t have treated the pet dog so cruelly(cruel)．
你不该那么残忍地对待那只宠物狗。
(3)It was his cruelty(cruel) that forced his wife to leave their home.
是他的残忍迫使妻子离开了家。
Unfortunately，his application was turned down because he was too young and not qualified enough.不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。
unfortunately adv.不幸地；遗憾地
※unfortunate adj.不幸的
※fortunate adj.幸运的
※fortunately adv.幸运地
※fortune n．机遇；运气
make a fortune发财
(1)Unfortunately，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth!
不幸的是，他没打到球，反而打到了自己的假牙！
(2)While staying with me，he talked of the unfortunate(fortunate) accident.
和我待在一起时，他谈起了那个不幸的事故。
(3)It is fortunate(fortune) for him to get such a valuable chance.
能得到那样一个宝贵的机会，他真是幸运。
(4)The young man decided to make a fortune in that city，but failed.
那个年轻人决定在那个城市里发财，但是失败了。
Life fell into a regular pattern.生活变得有规律。
fall into进入(某种状态)；开始
fall off掉下来；减少；下降
fall behind落在后面
fall down摔倒
fall over跌倒；倒下
(1)I was too tired，so I climbed into bed and fell into a deep sleep.
我太累了，于是爬上床，酣然入睡。
(2)Many of the stone figures had been stolen and others were falling into pieces.
很多石像被偷了，其他的成了碎片。
(3)In general，sales always fall off in the winter months.
一般来说，在冬季销售额总是会下降。
(4)After ten miles，Tom was tired and started to fall behind.
走了十英里之后，汤姆累了，开始落在后面了。
(5)The other day the old man fell down and hurt his knee.
不久前这位老人跌倒了，弄伤了膝盖。
This gave off oily，black smoke，but it stayed burning even in strong winds.这放出来黑色的油烟，但是即使在大风中它也能一直燃烧着。
give off 放出(热、光、气味或气体)
give away捐献；赠送；颁发；泄露(秘密)
give back归还
give up放弃
give out分发；发出(光、热、信号等)；公布；精疲力竭
(1)Bicycles are environmentally friendly because they won’t give off waste gas.
自行车不会排放废气，因此它们是环保的。
(2)Well，if you don’t want to read it，give it back.
好吧，如果你不想读它，就把它还回去吧。
(3)The government gave out food to people who are out of work.
政府向失业者分发了食品。
(4)We invited a famous scientist to give away the prizes.
我们邀请了一位著名科学家来颁发这些奖。
And he paid us back by his commitment to save us from a slow but painful death.他把我们从漫长而痛苦的死亡中救了出来，履行了他的承诺。
commitment n．承诺；保证；奉献
※make a commitment做出承诺
※commit v．犯(错误、罪行等)；承担义务，使做出保证；投入
commit a crime犯罪
commit sb./oneself to (doing) sth.承诺(做)某事
※committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的
(1)A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment.
演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。
(2)He made a commitment(commit) that he would attend the ceremony on behalf of his school.
他承诺他会代表学校出席典礼。
(3)Countries around the world have already committed themselves to setting(set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund.
世界各国已经承诺建立气候应对基金。
(4)The young man who had committed a crime was caught by the police last night.
那个犯罪的年轻人昨晚被警察抓住了。
经典句式
What if they were delayed？如果他们被延误了怎么办？
※What if...？意为“如果……将会怎样？”，可以看作“What will happen if...？”的省略形式。
※What about...？/How about...？……怎么样？
What (...) for？为什么？/(……)是干什么用的？
So what？那又怎么样？
(1)What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in?
要是他们花很长时间谈论你不是很感兴趣的一幅画怎么办？
(2)A question occurred to the boy：what is this tool for?
这个男孩想到一个问题：这个工具是干什么用的？
[选词填空] what if，what for，so what
(3)—Her father is very rich.
—So what？She wouldn’t accept his help even if it were offered.
(4)What if we invited them to come here for a party instead?
(5)—She has decided to work parttime.
—What for?
[句型转换]
(6)If I fall sick and can’t be able to work，what shall I do?
What if I fall sick and can’t be able to work?
If it weren’t for sea animals，we would all starve.要是没有海洋动物，我们都会饿死的。
※本句为if引导的虚拟条件句，叙述与现在事实相反的假设。
※虚拟语气在if虚拟条件句中的运用：
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事实相反的假设
动词的过去式(be动词一般用were)
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
与过去事实相反的假设
had＋过去分词
would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事实相反的假设
①动词的过去式
②were to＋动词原形
③should＋动词原形
would/could/should/might＋动词原形
(1)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.
如果他们开车多走几公里，就有可能找到一个更好的宾馆。
(2)If I were you，I should/would go and see the dentist at once.
如果我是你的话，我会马上去看牙医。
(3)If I were to do it，I would do it in a different way.
要是我来做这件事，我会用一种不同的方法来做。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The fact is that the new toy gives off a terrible smell.
2．What if your parents won’t agree to your new plan?
3．When they saw the terrible scene，they all fell into a panic.
4．Unluckily，they failed to reach a commitment(commit) in the end.
5．You will reach your final goal under the guidance(guide) of the wise man.
6．Unfortunately(fortunately)，the two boys were both injured in the accident.
7．It is wrong of you to treat your new classmates so cruelly(cruel)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
8．If I had enough money，I would send the boy to that country for further education.
要是我有足够的钱，我就把那个男孩送到那个国家深造了。
9．Your son has arrived at the hall.What if someone won’t allow him in?
你儿子到达大厅了。要是有人不让他进去怎么办？
10．When I turned around，I saw an old man who was making fire.
我转过身来，看到了一位正在生火的老人。
11．The young man refused to make a commitment，which made him angry.
那个年轻人拒绝做出承诺，这让他很生气。
12．I must find out what is giving off so terrible a smell in the corner.
我必须找出角落里是什么发出这么讨厌的气味。
Ⅲ.选词填空
下面的短文是P44－45的课文改写，请从下表中选择合适的词汇并用其适当形式完成此文。
We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island.It was easy 13.to imagine the danger ahead of them.
Life fell into a regular pattern.Staying 14.alive took all our time and energy.We 15.needed water，and Elephant Island had none.Food was also a problem，as we did not find any vegetables or fruit on the island.If it weren’t for sea animals，we 16.would starve.We had to be careful not to go outside too often，as the 17.changing temperatures could make us ill.Many of us also became ill from the black smoke of the animal fat we 18.burnt for our fires.Our discipline and team spirit kept us optimistic and 19.helped us deal with our fears in a positive and 20.successful way.When we were finally 21.rescued，we felt such relief and joy that many of us could not hide our tears. Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us persevere in 22.staying alive.
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．I have a motive(动机) in offering to help you this time.
2．They planned to fill the new house with some new furniture.
3．Our teacher asked us to do some thorough(彻底的) cleaning the next day.
4．In fact，he bought such a large house just for recreation(消遣)．
5．Some candidates were busy preparing for the election.
6．As far as I’m concerned，the old man is really a loyal(忠诚的) member.
7．The old woman’s hands were so rough，for she had been working in the field.
8．If you live in this damp(潮湿的) room，you have to buy some more quilts.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
9．A good advertising(advertise) campaign will increase our sales.
10．It was an episode where an old man was knocked down by a running boy.
11．When the girl saw a dog barking(bark) there，she daren’t enter the yard.
12．There was little time left，so he divided the books into three groups roughly(rough)．
13．This is a new invention that will have a wide range of applications(apply) in industry.
14．The work hadn’t been done very thoroughly(thorough)，which made him angry.
15．The company’s commitment(commit) made the villagers more relieved.
Ⅲ.单句写作
16．你最好把发出怪味的箱子搬出去。(give off)
You’d better remove the box giving off a strange smell.
17．那些候选人一直在忠诚地为人民服务。(have been doing...)
Those candidates have been serving the people loyally.
18．我相信在他的带领下，我们会实现最终目标。(guidance)
I believe that we will reach our final goal under his guidance.
19．如果我听了他的建议，我就通过驾照考试了。(虚拟语气)
If I had taken his advice，I would have passed the driving test.
20．不幸的是，大部分家具被大雨毁掉了。(unfortunately)
Unfortunately，most of the furniture was destroyed by the heavy rain.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
When you choke，you can’t breathe properly or can’t get enough air into your lungs because there is something in your throat.Choking can make the person unable to breathe，talk，or even make noise.Worse still，because the body needs oxygen to stay alive，when oxygen can’t reach the lungs and the brain，a person can become unconscious(失去知觉)，suffer from brain damage，and even die within minutes.That is what makes choking such a serious emergency.
Choking is a serious thing.If you think someone is choking，shout for help and have somebody call 911 right away.If you can do it properly and safely，meanwhile you can give him or her first aid.In other words，you can get behind the choking person and then give a certain kind of quick squeeze(挤压) in the middle of the stomach.This squeeze sends a quick，powerful burst of air from the person’s lungs upward，removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.
Choking is sometimes dangerous.Luckily，something can be done to prevent it.For example，be extra careful when you’re eating certain foods that are easy to choke on.They include things like hot dogs，nuts，grapes，raw carrots，popcorn，and hard candy.Check food labels to make sure that the food isn’t the kind that can lead to choking.Also you can sit down，take small bites and don’t talk or laugh when your mouth is filled with food!
In addition，look out for the little guys and girls.Babies and young children love to put things in their mouths，so help keep them safe by picking up anything off the floor that might be risky to swallow—like pen caps and coins.Keep toys with small parts in some places young children can’t get to，and never share your food or candy with a baby.
语篇解读 本文主要介绍了窒息的危害以及如何预防和处理窒息的状况。
1．What does Paragraph 1 mainly talk about?
A．Examples of choking.
B．Signs of choking.
C．Harms of choking.
D．Causes of choking.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，窒息会让人不能呼吸，不能讲话，甚至失去知觉，还可能致死。所以本段主要介绍的是窒息的危害。故选C。
2．What first aid should be given to a choking sufferer?
A．Pouring some water into his mouth.
B．Gently pressing him on the back.
C．Asking the people present for help.
D．Trying to clear the thing of his throat.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句中的“...removing the problem food or object and often sending it flying out of the person’s mouth.”可知，当一个人窒息时，应该清理卡在他喉咙里的东西。故选D。
3．What should we do to keep choking from happening to kids?
A．Offer them toys with small parts.
B．Talk to them while we are feeding them.
C．Keep dangerous things out of their reach.
D．Forbid them from eating too many candies.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，小孩子喜欢把东西放入嘴里，所以我们应该尽量把有危险的物品放在他们够不到的地方。故选C。
4．Where is the text probably taken from?
A．An advertisement.
B．A work report.
C．An interesting story.
D．A magazine on nursing.
答案 D
解析 文章出处题。本文主要介绍了窒息的危害以及如何预防和处理窒息的状况，由此可以推断出本文是出自一本关于护理的杂志。故选D。
Ⅴ.完形填空
You may be surprised to see “making sure children never suffer” as a mistake.The following 1 may help you understand how rescuing children from all suffering 2 weakness.
A little boy felt sorry for a butterfly 3 to emerge from its chrysalis(蛹)．He decided to help the butterfly.So he peeled the chrysalis open for the butterfly.The little boy was so 4 to watch the butterfly spread its wings and fly off into the sky.Then he was horrified 5 he watched the butterfly fall to the ground and die because it did not have the muscle and 6 to keep flying.In fact，the butterfly’s struggle to 7 the chrysalis helps the butterfly become stronger.
Like the little boy， 8 too often want to protect their children from struggle in the name of love.They don’t realize that their children need to struggle，to experience 9 ，to deal with disappointment，and to solve their own problems.Only in this way can children strengthen their emotional strength，become strongwilled and develop the skills necessary for the even bigger struggles they will meet throughout their lives.Children experiencing sufferings can 10 the ups and downs of life.
However，it isn’t helpful either in this case when parents 11 lectures(训斥)，blame and shame to what the child is experiencing.Mothers 12 to say，“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You can’t always get what you want.” These 13 words should be avoided.Instead，parents can offer their loving support.You can say，“Don’t lose heart.Be brave! You will succeed if you try again.” Then comes the tough part—no 14 and no lectures. Simply allow him to discover that he can 15 his disappointment and figure out what he can do to get what he wants in the future.
语篇解读 本文主要通过小男孩好心剥开茧帮助蝴蝶出来，结果却导致蝴蝶无法飞翔并且死亡的故事说明了孩子们在经历困境时，父母既不要帮助也不要训斥，要让孩子积极地自己想办法克服困难。
1．A.saying B．story
C．proverb D．prejudice
答案 B
解析 根据下文可知，此处说的是下面的一个故事可能会帮助你理解。故选B。
2．A.damages B．burns
C．betrays D．creates
答案 D
解析 帮助孩子避开所有的困难会致使其软弱。create产生，造成。
3．A.exposing B．devoting
C．struggling D．coming
答案 C
解析 根据第二段最后一句中的“the butterfly’s struggle”可知，一个小男孩看到一只蝴蝶努力地从它的茧里钻出来，感觉它很可怜。struggle斗争，努力。故选C。
4．A.moved B．excited
C．puzzled D．depressed
答案 B
解析 当看到蝴蝶展开它的翅膀飞向天空时，小男孩是如此兴奋。excited兴奋的。故选B。
5．A.until B．since
C．before D．as
答案 D
解析 当他看到蝴蝶掉在地上死了时，小男孩惊呆了。as当……的时候。故选D。
6．A.power B．energy
C．strength D．departure
答案 C
解析 因为它没有保持飞翔的肌肉与力量。strength力量。故选C。
7．A.break away from B．do away with
C．get along with D．come up with
答案 A
解析 实际上，蝴蝶在破茧而出时的挣扎、努力使得它变得更加强壮。break away from...脱离……。故选A。
8．A.teachers B．parents
C．relatives D．friends
答案 B
解析 父母总是想以爱的名义保护他们的孩子免受困难。parents父母。故选B。
9．A.friendships B．scholarships
C．relationships D．hardships
答案 D
解析 他们没有意识到他们的孩子需要奋斗，需要经历苦难，需要面对失望，需要解决他们自己的问题。hardship苦难。故选D。
10．A.expect B．classify
C．survive D．avoid
答案 C
解析 经历了困苦的孩子们能够经受生活的起起落落。survive存活，经受。故选C。
11．A.add B．adapt
C．devote D．contribute
答案 A
解析 前文说父母干涉孩子们经历困难是不好的，此处说父母对其施加训斥、责备、羞辱也是不好的。add...to...向……增加……。故选A。
12．A.pretend B．happen
C．tend D．seem
答案 C
解析 母亲总是说：“不能哭，别像个被惯坏了的孩子一样。你不能总是得到你想要的。”根据下文“words should be avoided”可知这类话应该避免，即暗示母亲们总是倾向于说这类话。tend to do sth.倾向于做某事。
13．A.inspiring B．discouraging
C．interesting D．touching
答案 B
解析 根据上文的“Stop crying and acting like a spoiled boy.You can’t always get what you want.”可知，这些是令人沮丧的话。discouraging令人沮丧的。故选B。
14．A.parking B．smoking
C．drinking D．rescuing
答案 D
解析 根据第一段中的“rescuing children from all suffering”可知，此处告诉父母不要帮忙也不要训斥。rescue营救，帮助。故选D。
15．A.get through B．get over
C．get across D．get away
答案 B
解析 让他去发现他自己可以从失望中恢复过来并且弄清楚在未来的生活中，他可以做什么来得到他所想要的东西。get over克服。故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
Like most people，I was brought up to look upon life as a getting.It was not until in my late thirties 1. I made this important discovery：giving away things 2. (make) life so much more exciting.One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without 3. (get) something back，though the return often comes in 4. unexpected form.One Sunday morning the local post office delivered a letter to my home，though it 5. (address) to me at my office.I wrote the postmaster a note of
6. (appreciate)．More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting.I was told at the window that there were no boxes 7. (leave)，and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list.As I was about to leave，the postmaster appeared in the doorway.He had overheard our conversation.“Wasn’t it you that wrote us a letter a year ago about a special 8. (deliver) to your home？” I said yes.“Well，you are 9. (certain)
going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you.You don’t know 10.
a letter like that means to us.We usually get nothing but complaints.”
1．答案 that
解析 考查强调句。句意为：直到我快四十岁的时候，我才有了这个重要的发现。本句是强调句型It is/was not until...that...。
2．答案 makes
解析 考查主谓一致。“giving away things”是动名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填makes。
3．答案 getting
解析 考查非谓语动词。without用作介词，后接动名词作宾语。
4．答案 an
解析 考查冠词。此处表示泛指，意为“以一种意想不到的形式”。unexpected的第一个音素是元音，故填an。
5．答案 was addressed
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。be addressed to(在信封和包裹上)写姓名地址。此处表示过去的动作，故填was addressed。
6．答案 appreciation
解析 考查词性转换。介词of后使用名词。故填appreciation。
7．答案 left
解析 考查非谓语动词。boxes与leave之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词作定语。故填left。
8．答案 delivery
解析 考查词性转换。形容词后接名词。delivery n．递送。
9．答案 certainly
解析 考查词性转换。副词修饰动词。故填certainly。
10．答案 what
解析 考查宾语从句。句意为：你不知道那封信对我们来说意味着什么。故填what。
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