人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)选择性必修 第三册Unit 4 Adversity and Course导学案，共14页。

Period Two　Reading and Thinking—Language Points

Ⅰ.重点单词
1．adversity n．困境；逆境
2．bitter adj.严寒的；激烈而不愉快的；味苦的
3．expedition n．探险；远征；探险队
4．aboard adv. & prep.上(船、飞机、公共汽车等)
5．crush vt.毁坏；压坏；压碎 n．拥挤的人群
6．sink vi.沉没；下沉；下降 vt.使下沉；使沉没
7．abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃
8．miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的
9．decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的
10．selfish adj.自私的
11．genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的
12．crew n．(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人
13．endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力→endure vt.忍耐；忍受①
14．qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)→qualify vt.取得资格；使合格②
15．enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasm n．热情；热忱
16．assign vt.分派；布置；分配→assignment n．分配的任务
17．envy n. & vt.羡慕；妒忌→envious adj.妒忌的
18．belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产→belong vi.属于
19．perseverance n．毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神→persevere vi.坚持；孜孜以求
20．resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念→resolution n．决议；解决；坚定
掌握规律　巧记单词
①endure vt.忍耐；忍受→endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力
例如：insure→insurance
②qualify vt.取得资格；使合格→qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
例如：satisfy→satisfied


Ⅱ.核心短语
1．turn sb.down拒绝某人
2．set off出发
3．become stuck in被……困住
4．throw away扔掉
5．to one’s surprise让某人惊讶的是
6．keep...up 保持
7．after all毕竟；终究
Ⅲ.经典句式
1．so...that...如此……以至于……
But I was so enthusiastic about the idea of going along with them that I secretly went aboard his ship...
但是我对和他们一起去的想法那么热衷，以至于我偷偷上了他的船……
2．as引导时间状语从句
Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.
“坚忍”号在我们靠近南极洲时被冰困住了。
3．have been doing sth.一直在做某事
We have been struggling for days，but things on Elephant Island are going from bad to worse.
我们一直挣扎了好几天，但是大象岛上的情况变得更糟了。

重点词汇
Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in 1914.珀西·布莱克博罗于1914年加入了欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士的“坚忍”号南极探险之旅。
endurance n．忍耐力；耐久力
※beyond endurance忍无可忍
※endure v．忍耐；忍受
endure doing sth.忍耐做某事
※endurable adj.可以忍受的；耐用的

(1)He showed remarkable endurance throughout his illness.
他在生病期间表现出非凡的忍耐力。
(2)This event tests both physical and mental endurance(endure)．
该比赛项目既是对体力也是对心理承受力的考验。
(3)He can’t endure being defeated(defeat) by his partner.
他无法忍受被他的搭档打败。
(4)I felt that life was no longer endurable(endure)．
我感到生活再也无法忍受。
[高级表达]
(5)He decided to help those children who were enduring the poor living conditions.
He decided to help those children enduring the poor living conditions.(用非谓语动词改写)
However，when I applied to join the expedition，Shackleton turned me down because he thought I was too young and wasn’t qualified.但是，当我申请加入这次探险时，沙克尔顿拒绝了我，因为他认为我太年轻，不够资格。
turn (sb.) down拒绝(某人)；把……调低
turn one’s back on sb./sth.某人对某人/某事置之不理；背弃某人/某事
turn to求助于；转向；翻至(某一页)
turn up出现；把……调高
turn over翻过来；移交
turn out结果是……；生产，制造

(1)A person lacking endurance will be turned down by the company.
一个缺乏忍耐力的人会被这个公司拒绝。
(2)The baby is sleeping.Could you turn down the music？
宝宝在睡觉。你把音乐调低一些好吗？
(3)She turned her back on her brother when he was in trouble，which really shocked us.
她对处于困境的弟弟置之不理，确实让我们感到震惊。
(4)It is already nine o’clock，but he hasn’t turned up yet.
已经九点钟了，但他还没有出现。
(5)The boy is not really reading，just turning over the book.
这个男孩没有在真正读书，只是在翻书。
(6)Unexpectedly，the weather turned out pretty nice that day.
出乎意料的是，那天天气特别好。
qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识(或技能、学历等)
※be qualified for sth.有资格获得某物
be qualified to do sth.有资格做某事
※qualify vt. & vi.(使)具备资格；(使)合格
qualify sb.to do sth.使某人有资格做某事
※qualification n．资格；资历；资格证书

(7)You shouldn’t have turned down that man who was qualified for the job.
你本不该拒绝那个有资格做这个工作的人。
(8)In my opinion，the clever man is qualified(qualify) to accept the job.
以我看，这个聪明的人有资格接受这个工作。
(9)The test will qualify you to drive(drive) the new car.
通过这项考试你就有资格驾驶这辆新车了。
(10)The young girl has the qualifications(qualify) to teach English.
这个年轻女孩具有教授英语的资格。
[高级表达]
(11)He is looking for a person who is qualified to do the job.
He is looking for a person qualified to do the job.(用形容词短语改写)
He assigned me to be a steward，and I now serve meals for twenty­eight men，three times a day.他安排我做了一名服务员，现在我给28个人做饭，一天三次。
assign vt.分派；布置；分配
※assign vt.分配，分派，指派(任务)
assign...to...把……分配给……
※assignment n．分配的工作、任务

(1)Occasionally，I would read a novel that was assigned，but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.
(2019·天津)
偶尔，我会读一本指定的小说，但是我并不喜欢这种阅读类型。
(2)The teacher assigned a different task to each of the children.
老师给每个儿童布置的作业都不相同。
(3)You need to complete three assignments(assign) each week.
你需要每周完成三个任务。
[高级表达]
(4)He was not satisfied with the car which was assigned to him.
He was not satisfied with the car assigned to him.(用非谓语动词改写)

Before we abandoned the ship，Shackleton calmly called us together and told us to rescue our most essential supplies...在我们弃船之前，沙克尔顿冷静地把我们聚到一起，告诉我们抢救我们最重要的物资……
abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃 n．放任；放纵
※abandon oneself to ...沉湎于……；纵情于……
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
※with abandon放纵地；放任地
※abandoned adj.无约束的；无度的；放荡的
be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于……

(1)Rescuers abandoned all hope of finding any more survivors.
营救人员对找到更多生还者不抱任何希望。
(2)Those who abandon themselves(they) to despair can’t succeed.
那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。
(3)By no means shall we abandon searching(search) for the missing people.
我们绝不会放弃寻找失踪者。
(4)The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms with abandon.
那些女孩子跳上跳下，尽情地挥舞着手臂。
(5)He is abandoned to reading(read) all kinds of books in his spare time.
闲暇之余，他沉湎于阅读各种书籍。
We were not allowed to take most of our personal belongings，and Shackleton himself threw away all his gold.我们不被允许带大部分个人物品，沙克尔顿自己扔掉了他所有的金子。
belongings n．[pl.]财物；动产
※belonging n．归属
※belong vi.属于
belong to属于……；是……的成员
注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。

(1)Look after your personal belongings while waiting for the bus.
等车时照看好你的个人财物。
(2)When he joined the club，he felt a sense of belonging(belong)．
他加入俱乐部时，感觉到了一种归属感。
(3)Some of the stamps belong to me，while the rest are his and hers.
这些邮票中有些是我的，其余的是他和她的。
[高级表达]
(4)I’d like to have a look at the toys which belong to you.
I’d like to have a look at the toys belonging to you.(用非谓语动词改写)
Hussey often plays it to keep our spirits up.赫西经常演奏它来使我们精神高涨。
keep up 保持，继续；不使(斗志)低落
keep up with跟上，保持同步
keep away from避免接近；远离
keep off避开

(1)Keep it up and you will succeed in time.
保持下去，最终你会成功的。
(2)He desired to keep up with his classmates，but he was too weak.
他渴望追上他的同学们，但是他太弱了。
(3)I’m trying to keep off fatty foods.
我尽量不吃高脂肪食物。
(4)When the machine is in operation，keep away from it.
当机器在运转时，请远离它。
Their genuine concern for others，their perseverance，and their resolve fill me with hope.
他们对别人真诚的关心、他们的毅力、他们的决心让我充满希望。
resolve vi. & vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难) n．决心；坚定的信念
※resolve to do sth.决定做某事
resolve on决定/决心……
※resolution n．决定；解决

(1)Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.
双方见面为的是尽力解决分歧。
(2)She resolved not to tell(not，tell) him the truth.她决定不告诉他真相。
(3)They resolved on that day to celebrate her success.
他们决定那天来庆祝她的成功。
(4)The government is pressing for an early resolution(resolve) of the crisis.
政府正在施加压力，为的是早日解决这个危机。
经典句式
Endurance became stuck in the ice as we approached Antarctica.“坚忍”号在我们靠近南极洲时被冰困住了。
※本句中的as用作连词，引导时间状语从句。
※as用作连词，还可以引导原因状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句。
注意：as引导让步状语从句时，句子用部分倒装结构。

[一词多义]　写出下列句子中as的汉语意思
(1)They sang songs as they were doing farm work.当……时候
(2)As he wasn’t ready in time，we went without him.因为
(3)Clever as she is，she works very hard.虽然
(4)We’d better leave things as they are until the police arrive.像；按照

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I will try to finish the work assigned(assign) to me ahead of time.
2．Finally they arrived at the abandoned(abandon) house，tired and hungry.
3．They made a resolution(resolve) to lose all the weight gained during the Christmas period.
4．The training will get him qualified(qualify) for the hard job.
5．His proposal was turned down by his boss，which made him disappointed.
6．He took the umbrella belonging(belong) to Mary by mistake just now.
7．The exciting story will keep the tired soldiers up in a hard situation.
8．It was his perseverance(persevere) that helped him succeed at last.
9．The old man has been working(work) in the field for more than two hours.
10．I really admired his endurance(endure) when he looked after little children.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．The farmer was so enthusiastic that we found it hard to turn him down.
那位农场主非常热情，我们发现拒绝他很难。
12．As a matter of fact，the girl has been envying her elder sister these years.
事实上，这些年这个女孩一直妒忌她的姐姐。
13．The bag，which belonged to the girl，was taken by that boy.
那个女孩的包被那个男孩拿走了。
14．Those people were looking for the ship which sank to the bottom of the river.
那些人正在寻找沉入河底的那艘船。
15．Young as the girl is，she is good at dealing with such a person.
这个女孩虽然年轻，她很擅长应对那样的人。

基础巩固
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When I saw a little girl crying there，my heart sank(下沉)．
2．As far as I’m concerned，the new roommate is honest and genuine(真诚的)．
3．When you get off the bus，do not forget to take your belongings.
4．It is natural that some young people are eager to join the expedition(探险)．
5．The guide was so enthusiastic that she offered me some practical advice.
6．Some colleagues envied(妒忌) the lucky young man，but he didn’t care about it.
7．It was a very long voyage(航行) and some of the sailors got very exhausted.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
8．His perseverance(persevere) in the face of adversity surprised us all.
9．The reforms owe a great deal to the resolution(resolve) of one man.
10．I’m not sure whether he will solve the problem decently(decent)．
11．You’d better not touch the books belonging(belong) to that girl.
12．Abandoned(abandon) by his owner，the little dog led a poor life.
13．It is said that the large ship sank into/to the deep ocean.
14．The girl standing under that tree is the one envied(envy) by most students.
15．You can get your brother to help you with so many assignments(assign)．
Ⅲ.单句写作
16．他们为什么决定让那个人来完成这个工作？(resolve)
Why did they resolve on that person to finish the work?
17．今天早上这个电话一直在响，是找谁的？(have been doing)
The telephone has been ringing this morning.Who is wanted?
18．这次考试是为了检验那些年轻人的忍耐力和毅力。(endurance；perseverance)
This examination is to test the young people’s endurance and perseverance.
19．他不会拒绝那些符合资格做这件事的人。(turn sb.down；qualified)
He won’t turn down those who are qualified for this thing.
20．我不知道为什么他们会突然放弃执行这个计划。(abandon)
I didn’t know why they suddenly abandoned carrying out the plan.
能力提升
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Every girl dreams and Li Xie is no exception.She has read dozens of books on how to be a ballerina(芭蕾舞女演员)．Swan Lake is her favorite.She hopes one day her dream will come true.She has taken ballet lessons and all her teachers confirm she is a good student.
One day she saw an advertisement that a famous ballerina troupe(演出团) will be performing in her hometown.Her thoughts ran wild，“I must meet up with the leader of the troupe and show him my skills.” she murmured to herself.
She dressed herself in her ballerina costume and managed to avoid the guards and hid in the dressing room.To her luck，the leader entered and she timidly knocked at the door.She bravely approached him and handed him a bunch of red roses and in her excitement the thorns(刺) pricked her hand but she did not make any complaints about the pain.The leader observed her action as she told him her dream.“Alright，you dance and I will give you my verdict(评审意见)．” But half way through the dance he stopped her and said，“I’m sorry you’re not good enough！” On hearing this，Li Xie ran as fast as her legs could carry her and was ashamed.She gave up her dream.
Many years later，she heard that the same ballet troupe was performing in her town again.Bitter memories of the leader’s unpleasant words came flooding back to her.This time she was determined to find out why the leader had told her she was not good enough when all her teachers thought otherwise.
This was his reply，“I tell this to every student.” She angrily talked back，“You’ve ruined my life！” Then she got a further shock，“I remember your gift of roses and how the thorns had pricked your fingers but you carried on bravely.If you only had treated ballet like that and did not give up so easily；therefore，you still deserve my verdict！”
语篇解读　本文介绍了一个怀揣梦想渴望成为专业芭蕾舞演员的女孩，她在追逐梦想的过程中因遭遇别人的一次否定就轻易放弃了她的梦想，并最终感到懊悔。由此告诉我们凡事不可半途而废，不能轻易放弃。

1．According to the whole passage，which of the following can best describe the character of the girl?
A．Full of flame but stubborn.
B．Professional but argumentative.
C．Childish and narrow­minded.
D．Weak­willed and easy to quit.
答案　D
解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后一句“If you only had treated ballet like that and did not give up so easily; therefore，you still deserve my verdict！”可知，这个女孩因为团长的一次否定就轻易放弃了自己的梦想，所以她的意志是薄弱的，并会轻易放弃。故选D。
2．According to the story，what can be inferred from the fourth paragraph?
A．The girl wanted to pay the leader back for his unpleasant words.
B．The girl recalled the bitter comments of the leader on her performance.
C．The memories were so unbearable that the girl wanted to forget.
D．The girl recognized the performance as her another chance to succeed.
答案　B
解析　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，当这个芭蕾舞表演团又一次来到她的村镇时，她再一次想起了那个团长严苛的评论，她决定去问清楚为什么在其他老师都认为她优秀的情况下，这个团长却认为她不够优秀。故选B。
3．The leader said “you still deserve my verdict” again at last because the leader thought that .
A．her ballet skills weren’t good enough to win his recognition
B．she was supposed to be brave enough just like the thorny rose
C．she should learn to stick to her dreams and not to be defeated easily
D．she was not meant to be an outstanding ballerina of this troupe
答案　C
解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的最后一句“If you only had treated ballet like that and did not give up so easily; therefore，you still deserve my verdict！”可知，选C项。
4．What does the text mainly want to tell us?
A．A good medicine tastes bitter.
B．More haste，less speed.
C．Never do things by halves.
D．Pride hurts，modesty benefits.
答案　C
解析　主旨大意题。本文介绍了一个怀揣梦想渴望成为专业芭蕾舞演员的女孩，她在追逐梦想的过程中因遭遇别人的一次否定就轻易放弃了她的梦想，并最终感到懊悔。由此告诉我们凡事不可半途而废，不能轻易放弃。因此C项最能表达文章的主旨大意。
Ⅴ.完形填空
Yesterday，our teacher asked us when a man could be referred to as an old man.David stood up and said people with wrinkles could be called old people.However，Mary didn’t 1 ，for some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age owing to their 2 life.Then Lily expressed her idea that those reaching their 60s or more could be called old people.However，Emily expressed her 3 and said some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams，which makes them appear 4 .The class was over and we still didn’t reach any conclusion，so the teacher asked us to think about it after class.
The 5 has reminded me of the saying of J．Barrymore that a man isn’t old as long as he is 6 something.
My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream even when she’s 70 now.She has 7 her dream of being a painter since she was a little child. 8 ，because her family was poor，she had to 9 her dream and stepped into the society to raise money so as to support her family.Though she has 10 abandoned her dream，she could hardly find any time to realize it because of the tough work... 11 ，chance came when she retired from her work.She began taking her painting lessons 12 she had all­white hair and lots of wrinkles.At first，I was against her idea of attending school at so old an age，but after seeing her paint happily and enjoyably，I 13 feeling it a good choice.She seems 14 and looks fine.
So if we have our dreams and seek for them，we aren’t old.It’s when we don’t know what we want and let 15 be the center point of our lives that we can finally be regarded as the old.
语篇解读　作者的老师叫他们讨论什么时候一个人才被视为老人，同学们对此各抒己见。作者以70岁的奶奶仍坚持自己的梦想来说明：一个人如果有梦想并为梦想而奋斗，就不算老；只有当我们不知道想要什么，生活中充斥着遗憾时，我们才可以被视为老了。

1．A.respond B．agree
C．identify D．update
答案　B
解析　respond回答；agree同意；identify确定；update更新。大卫说有皱纹的人即为老人，但玛丽认为“some people may gain wrinkles at an earlier age”可知她并不赞成大卫的说法，故选B。
2．A.negative B．boring
C．tough D．complex
答案　C
解析　negative消极的；boring令人厌烦的；tough艰苦的；complex复杂的。根据常识可知，艰苦生活易使人有皱纹，且根据下文的“she could hardly find any time to realize it because of the tough work”也可判断选C。
3．A.certainty B．wish
C．doubt D．concern
答案　C
解析　certainty确定性；wish愿望；doubt怀疑；concern关心。莉莉说60或60岁以上的人可谓老人，但艾米丽认为“some old people may still be energetic and trying to pursue their dreams”，即艾米丽对莉莉的观点也表示怀疑。故选C。
4．A.attractive B．young
C．intelligent D．original
答案　B
解析　attractive有吸引力的；young年轻的；intelligent聪明的；original最初的。结合语境可判断，此空应与“some old people”相对应，表示显得“年轻”。故选B。
5．A.embarrassment B．obstacle
C．question D．confusion
答案　C
解析　embarrassment尴尬；obstacle障碍；question问题；confusion混乱。根据语境可知，此空应指老师的提问“when a man could be referred to as an old man”，由此判断选C。
6．A.preserving B．seeking
C．treasuring D．possessing
答案　B
解析　preserve保护，保存；seek寻找；treasure珍视；possess拥有。根据下文对作者奶奶事情的介绍以及最后一段中的“So if we have our dreams and seek for them，we aren’t old.”可判断选B。
7．A.realized B．changed
C．promoted D．kept
答案　D
解析　realize意识到；change改变；promote提升；keep保持。由上下文可知，奶奶想当画家的梦想从孩提时代到70岁的高龄一直没有放弃过，即一直保持着这个梦想，故选D。
8．A.Therefore B．Instead
C．Moreover D．However
答案　D
解析　therefore因此；instead 反而；moreover 而且；however然而，可是。尽管作者的奶奶一直保持着这个梦想，可是因为家里穷，她不得不将自己的梦想搁置一旁。前后是转折关系，故选D。
9．A.give up B．search for
C．put aside D．stick to
答案　C
解析　give up 放弃；search for寻找；put aside放在一边；stick to坚持。参见上题解析。故选C。
10．A.seldom B．occasionally
C．already D．never
答案　D
解析　seldom很少；occasionally偶尔； already已经； never从不。根据上文“My grandma is such a woman who pursues her dream when she’s 70 now.”可知，作者的奶奶从来没有放弃过她的梦想，故选D。
11．A.Suddenly B．Eventually
C．Soon D．Fortunately
答案　B
解析　suddenly突然；eventually最后；soon 很快；fortunately幸运地。作者的奶奶年轻的时候就将其梦想暂时搁置一旁，直到退休才有时间去实现梦想。故“终于(eventually)”最符合语境。
12．A.because B．once
C．though D．unless
答案　C
解析　because因为；once一旦；though虽然；unless除非。虽然她满头白发、满脸皱纹，她还是开始了上绘画课程。故选C。
13．A.risked B．rejected
C．continued D．began
答案　D
解析　risk冒险；reject拒绝；continue继续；begin开始。由后面的“a good choice”可知，作者开始觉得奶奶的选择是对的，故选D。
14．A.energetic B．handy
C．optimistic D．wealthy
答案　A
解析　energetic精力充沛的；handy方便使用的；optimistic乐观的；wealthy富有的。根据上文“seeing her paint happily and enjoyably”和下文“looks fine”可知，此处指奶奶看上去精力充沛。故选A。
15．A.achievements B．regrets
C．dreams D．difficulties
答案　B
解析　achievement成就；regret遗憾，后悔；dream梦想；difficulty困难。全文最后两句互为对应，可推断此句意为“当我们不知道自己想要什么而让遗憾成为生活的中心的时候，我们才算‘老’”。故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
I got laid off at 53 from a senior management position in a restaurant.And I knew it was going to be hard to find another job in the 1. (compete) working market.My age put me at 2. disadvantage.But I also knew it was time for me 3. (realize) my lifelong dream of owning a restaurant.4. was most difficult was that in order to make this happen，I needed to find an 5. (exist) café that wasn’t doing well.It couldn’t be better if its owner was ready to quit his business.With great 6. (lucky) I found just what I wanted eight blocks from home.Since I had never financially planned for this day，I had to borrow money from friends as well as 7. (relative)．I，together with my wife，8. (be) ready to start off.We changed the name to Black Dog Coffee，the menu，the recipes and the look of the café，and my wife did a great job of designing.Eighteen years later，we’re still here and doing
9. (well) than ever.I’m grateful 10. the layoff and the opportunity to pursue my dream.
语篇解读　作者失业了，由于年龄的原因，找工作很困难，于是作者决定追求自己的梦想，开一家餐馆。

1．答案　competitive
解析　考查词性转换。修饰名词market，用形容词，所以填competitive。
2．答案　a
解析　考查冠词的用法。泛指“一种不利条件”，且disadvantage的首字母发音是辅音，所以填不定冠词a。
3．答案　to realize
解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是动词不定式作真正主语，it是形式主语。
4．答案　What
解析　考查名词性从句。 was most difficult是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，所以填what。
5．答案　existing/existent
解析　考查词性转换。修饰名词café应用形容词，表示“现存的”。
6．答案　luck
解析　考查词性转换。空格前有形容词great，因此要用名词形式。
7．答案　relatives
解析　考查名词的用法。根据as well as前面的friends可知，此处用复数形式。
8．答案　was
解析　考查动词的时态及主谓一致。此处指当时的情景，且本句的主语是I，故填was。
9．答案　better
解析　考查副词的比较级。根据句中的than可知，此处用比较级形式。
10．答案　for
解析　考查介词的用法。be grateful for对……感激。