高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond课堂教学课件ppt

这是一份高中英语外研版 (2019)选择性必修 第四册Unit 6 Space and beyond课堂教学课件ppt，文件包含2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondDevelopingideas课件外研版选择性必修第四册ppt、2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondStartingoutUnderstandingideas课件外研版选择性必修第四册ppt、2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6SpaceandbeyondUsinglanguage课件外研版选择性必修第四册ppt、2020_2021学年新教材高中英语Unit6Spaceandbeyond课件外研版选择性必修第四册ppt等4份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共199页， 欢迎下载使用。

Ⅰ. 根据本单元所学单词填空 1. ______(提交) an applicatin2. this ________(很好的) new ____(光盘)3. the space ________(望远镜)4. _____(斜置) his chair5. stars ________(看不见的) t the naked eye
6. the mst ______________(简单的) task7. the values f ____________(自律) and respnsibility8. _____(去拿) yur cat9. strain a ______(肌肉)10. seasn with salt and _______(胡椒粉)11. When we ______(打喷嚏), ur eyes clse.
straightfrward
self-discipline
Ⅱ. 选词填空in reality, enable sb. t d, allw sb. t d, wrk ut, be engaged in, be cmpsed f, be invisible t, at the edge f, lk back t, be clse t1. He was cnsidered hnest, but ________he was nt.  2. She and her yungest sn ______________be reunited with their family finally.  3. We _____________a great and mst glrius cause nw, never undertaken by ur frefathers.  4. Many stars _____________peple n Earth because f haze f light.  s
were allwed t
are engaged in
are invisible t
5. We have had meaningful negtiatins and I believe we __________a deal.  6. Our schl has set up a leading grup that _____________ld, middle-aged and yung cadres.  7. It tk me sme time t ________what was causing this.  8. The sftware _____________access the Internet in secnds.  9. We std ____________the cliff and lked dwn at the valley belw.  10. I like t ___________my high-schl days, which were the happiest in my life.  
is cmpsed f
enables yu t
at the edge f
Ⅰ. 文本整体理解: 理清文章架构
Ⅱ. 文本细节理解: 探寻语篇细节信息1. Hw did peple create a wrld in the sky? A. By their naked eyesB. By telescpe C. By their imaginatinD. By passing frm muth t muth
2. Hw des the authr rganize the passage ? A. By the rder f time　　　　B. By the rder f space C. By giving examples D. By listing numbers
3. Why is the “Eyes f Heaven” referred t in the para. 4? A. T cmpare the technlgy between ur cuntry and ther cuntries. B. T shw the effect it has n space explratin. C. T prve its advantages ver ther telescpes. D. T shw the effrt ur cuntry made t see even further int space. 4. What can’t we infer frm the passage? A. The first telescpe made much difference t watching the night sky. B. The Hubble Space Telescpe came int being 400 years ag. C. ”Eyes f Heaven” has the ability t make discveries beynd ur imaginatins. D. There are still much f the universe t be explred.
答案: 1～4. CCDB
Ⅲ. 文本素养提升: 阅读技能综合运用1. 根据课文语境与语句知识细致解构语句。(1)The planets were seen t be wrlds ________________(形容词短语作状语 ), ______________________________________(独立主格 ) 译文: 这些行星被视为与我们的行星相似, _________________________。
similar t ur wn
many f them even having their wn mns.
其中许多甚至有自己的卫星
(2)Nthing in histry has allwed us t see s much ver such great distances, frm enrmus cluds f gas _______________________(where引导的定语从句), t huge black hles, and even t new planets ________________________________(where引导的定语从句).  译文: 历史上没有任何东西能让我们在如此遥远的距离上看到如此之多的东西, 从恒星诞生的巨大气体云, 到巨大的黑洞, _____________________________________。
where stars are being brn
where we might cnceivably find life
甚至是我们可能在那里找到生命的新行星
(3)In these waters, mre than 200 meters deep, _________________________(where引导的定语从句), are extrardinary creatures ________________________________________________________(that引导的定语从句).  译文: 在这些200多米深的水域里, 光线无法到达, 它们是非同寻常的生物, _____________________________________。
where light cannt reach
that appear as if they are straight ut f science fictin
看起来就像是直接从科幻小说中脱颖而出
(4)Currently, China perates the wrld’s largest and mst pwerful radi telescpe, ___________________(同位语), ___________________(非谓语动词短语作定语) 译文: 目前, _________________________________________——FAST望远镜, 该望远镜于2016年完工。
the FAST telescpe
cmpleted in 2016.
中国运营着世界上最大、最强大的射电望远镜
2. 阅读主题活动。(1)Why d yu think peple have always been interested in the stars? Because the sky can be seen but untuched, full f stars, and there are mysterius stries invlving stars, which attracts peple t knw mre abut them.  
(2)Have yu ever used a telescpe? Share yur experience with the class. I used a telescpe when I visited China Museum f Science and Technlgy. Frtunately, I gt a chance t lk at the stars, using a telescpe. Initially, using it incrrectly, I didn’t see anything. Finally, I made it. The sky is breathtakingly beautiful, full f shining stars. They are f different shapes, and even sme invisible t the naked eyes can be seen clearly.  
3. 根据课文内容完成短文。　　Thusands f years ag, peple already regarded the night sky (1)__ an endless surce f fascinatin. It was believed (2)____ the huge eyes f the large-eyed, brnze statues frm the Chinese archaelgical site at Sanxingdui, were able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. Our pwer t see the sky changed (3)___________(dramatic)when the first telescpe was angled at the night sky. It extended the pwer f the human eye and caused us
dramatically
(4) ________(realise) that the universe is a far larger place than we ever imagined. In 1990, the Hubble Space Telescpe (5) ____________(launch)int rbit. Fr (6) ___ first time peple culd enjy the beautiful images f ur universe. These ranged frm enrmus cluds f gas and even t new plants. In 2016, the FAST telescpe was built in China. It is used in the search fr dark matter, (7)______ can’t be bserved by rdinary telescpes. Its vast dish has the ability t make discveries beynd ur (8)____________(imaginatin). Althugh the
was launched
imaginatins
(9)_________(advance )technlgy allws us t see further and further int space, the human quest fr knwledge reaches even beynd that. S much f the universe remains unexplred (10)____ we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery.  
1. enable. . . t d. . . 使……能够……*Our pwer t investigate and thus understand space changed dramatically when the first telescpe was angled at the night sky, increasing as it did the pwer f human eye and enabling us t understand that the universe is far lager than was previusly imaginable. 当第一台望远镜对准夜空时, 我们研究和理解太空的能力发生了巨大的变化, 它使人类的眼睛的力量增强, 使我们能够理解宇宙比以前想象的要大得多。
*The new test is believed t enable dctrs t detect the disease early. 人们相信新的检测手段能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。*The supprt systems t enable wmen t realize their ptential at wrk are seriusly inadequate. 使妇女在工作中发挥潜力的支持体系严重不足。
【名师点津】后缀-en或前缀en-加在某些形容词或名词后/前, 均可构成动词。后缀-ensharp → sharpen(使)变锋利deep → deepen(使)变深brad → braden(使)变宽weak → weaken(使)变弱strength→ strengthen (使)强壮
前缀 en-rich → enrich 使丰富large → enlarge 扩大able → enable 使能够danger → endanger 使处于险境curage→encurage (使)有勇气
【即学活用】(1)语法填空①And I think that when we d, this will enable us _______(mve) peace clser and mve terrr further away.  ②This will ______(able)the audience t sit in cmfrt while watching the shws. (2)It is these skills that __________________lifelng friendships.  正是这些技能才使我们能够发展终生的友谊。(3)The new equipment _________________________the place freely. 这个新的设备使残疾人能自由的进入这个地方。 
enable us t develp
enables the disabled t enter
2. be engaged in. . . 忙于……*T see even further int the universe, many cuntries are nw engaged in building ever mre advanced telescpes. 为了更深入地观察宇宙, 许多国家都在建造更先进的望远镜。*He is engaged t an elegant lady wh is fnd f purchasing csmetics. 他与一位喜欢购买化妆品的优雅女士订婚了。*Despite her illness, she remains actively engaged in shaping plicy. 尽管有病在身, 她还是积极参与政策的制定。
*Her father engaged a tutr t imprve her maths. 她的爸爸请了一位家庭教师给她补习数学。
【语块积累】be engaged in. . . 　　　　　忙于……=be busy ding/with sth. 忙于做某事=be ccupied with sth. /in ding sth. 忙于做某事be engaged t sb. 　　　　与某人订婚engage in. . . /ding sth. 参加; 参与engage sb. t d sth. 雇用某人做某事engagement n. 订婚; 约会; 雇用
【即学活用】 语法填空(1)They were ________ (engage)t be married, but I hear they have brken up. (2)Try t find humur in life and engage __ activities that make yu laugh. (3)They planned t engage a baby-sitter ______(take)care f their newly-brn baby.  
3. invisible adj. 看不见的*Ultravilet rays are invisible t humans thugh ants and hneybees are sensitive t them. 人类是看不见紫外线的, 尽管蚂蚁和蜜蜂对紫外线很敏感。*Using telescpe, Galile discvered stars that were invisible t the naked eye. [词汇复现] 伽利略利用望远镜发现了肉眼看不见的恒星。
【语块积累】be invisible t. . . 　　　　对……看不见visible(反义词) adj. 看得见的; 可见的
【名师点津】in-是否定前缀, 意为“不, 非”active→inactive 不活泼的　　visible→invisible 看不见的crrect→incrrect 不正确的cmplete→incmplete 不完整的accurate→inaccurate 不正确的
【即学活用】 (1)语法填空①The lines were s finely etched as t be ________(visible)frm a distance. ②The huse was surrunded by trees, invisible __ enemies. (2)Nt nly is the cmet ______ by telescpe but als it ______________________.  这颗彗星不仅用望远镜能看见而且肉眼也可以看见。
is visible t the naked eye
4. clse t. . . (时间)快……; (距离)靠近; (关系)亲近; (程度)几乎……*S much f the universe remains unexplred that we are still clse t the start f this incredible jurney f discvery. 宇宙中有如此多尚未被探索的地方, 我们只是接近这不可思议的发现之旅的开始。*It’s clse t shwtime nw, s yu shuld step int the dressing rm. 表演时间快到了, 你得进化妆室了。*Stand clse t me, s yu can have a better lk. 站得离我近点, 你可以看得更清楚。
*I became clse t my grandfather befre his death. 在我祖父去世前, 我开始与他亲密起来。*The anxius cnsultant was clse t tears with frustratin, but she held back. 这个焦虑的顾问沮丧得几乎要哭了, 但她忍住了。
【名师点津】clse与clselyclse t 中的clse 既可以是副词也可以是形容词。clsely adv. 紧密地; (关系)亲密地; (程度)仔细地*The students were sitting clse tgether and whispering. 学生们紧挨着坐在一起窃窃私语。*Light industry is clsely related t agriculture. 轻工业和农业密切相关。*The cuple are chatting clsely. 这对夫妻正在亲密地聊天。
【即学活用】 (1)选词填空 (clse/clsely)①The scientists gt ______ in tuch with the astrnauts. ②Cme _____ t me. I want t tell yu smething imprtant. ③The _____ friends are talking with each ther ______. (2)When I saw his face, I came _______________.  当我看到他的脸时, 我差一点就笑出来了。(3)The ___________have a secret that must ________________.  这对密友之间有个秘密要严加保守。
clse t laughing
clse friends
be clsely guarded
5. Fr example, the ancient Shu Kingdm, discvered at the Chinese archelgical site at Sanxingdui, were believed t have been able t lk acrss great distances int the stars. 例如, 在三星堆的中国考古遗址发现的古蜀国, 人们认为它能够从很远的地方看到星星。 
【句式解构】本句sb. /sth. be believed t have dne句式, 表示“据认为做了……”。*The game is believed t have cast a shadw n the team. 据说这个比赛给这个团队蒙上了阴影。*Bell is believed t set ut fr America t have a hliday. 贝尔被认为要动身去美国度假。*The cnsultant is believed t be abusing his right in dealing with the cmplaint frm a custmer. 据说这个顾问在处理顾客的投诉问题时滥用了他的权利。
*The schlar is believed (t be)learned/a learned prfessr. 据说这个学者是博学的/一个博学的教授。
【语块积累】sb. /sth. be believed/cnsidered/thught类似结构的还有: pretend, happen, appear, seem, claim及be said t d sth. 等。
【名师点津】 动词不定式的形式及意义·一般式形式　主动: t d 被动: t be dne意义　与谓语动词表示的动作同时或先后发生·进行式形式　t be ding意义　谓语表示的动作(情况)发生时, 不定式表示的动作正在进行或即将发生
·完成式形式　主动: t have dne 被动: t have been dne意义: 先于谓语的动作发生或表示想做而未曾实现的愿望或计划等·完成进行式形式　t have been ding意义　不定式表示的动作先于谓语表示的动作发生, 且谓语的动作发生时其仍在进行
【即学活用】(1)语法填空①Several yung men pretended _____(be)plicemen, but were caught at last.  ②The engine just wn’t start. Smething seems ___________(g)wrng with it.  (2)The suspect ________________________________fr many times. 据说这个嫌疑人已经被询问了好多次了。 (3)Citizens __________________________the air pllutin.  市民似乎正在抱怨空气污染。
was believed t have been questined
seem t be cmplaining abut
【要点拾遗】1. be cmpsed f. . . 由……组成*The 500-metre dish f the “Eye f Heaven”, as it is knwn, is being used in the search fr dark matter, thught t be cmpsed f subatmic particles invisible t rdinary telescpes. 据了解, 500米长的碟状“天眼”被用于寻找暗物质, 暗物质被认为是由普通望远镜看不见的亚原子粒子组成的。
*Assignments fr this curse cnsist f tw individual assignments and ne grup assignment. 本课程作业包括两份个人作业以及一份小组作业。*This cllectin is made up f three parts: pems, essays and shrt stries, especially histrical nes. 这本册子是由诗、散文和短篇小说尤其是历史小说三部分组合而成的。These nine planets, tgether with the sun, make up what is called ur slar system. 这九大行星和太阳一起组成了我们的太阳系。
【语块积累】·由……组成的多种表达: 整体+cnsist f+部分部分+make up+整体整体+be made up f+部分整体+be cmpsed f+部分
【即学活用】(1)语法填空The newly-published bk cnsists __ 10 chapters, each chapter having 30, 000 wrds. (2)一句多译我们队由15 名队员组成。________________________________________________________________________________________________ 
Our team cnsists f 15 members.  
Our team is made up f 15 members.  
Our team is cmpsed f 15 members.
2. Astrnauts als need t keep themselves clean.  宇航员也需要保持自己的清洁。
【句式解构】“keep+宾语+宾语补足语”句式, 表示“使……处于某状态”。*The situatin kept him in a dilemma. 这种情况使他左右为难。*If yu change yur address, please keep me infrmed. 如果你换地址了, 请告知我。*He kept his eyes clsed t relax himself. 他在闭目养神。*It is a waste f mney, if yu keep the light n during the day time. 如果你白天把灯开着, 那是浪费钱。
【语块积累】宾语补足语的形式: 能跟keep一样可以用现在分词, 过去分词, 形容词, 副词, 介词短语, 名词作宾补的词有: find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构意为“发现……处于某种状态”; “leave+宾语+宾语补足语”结构意为“使……保持/处于某种状态”。
【即学活用】(1)语法填空 ①We went abrad, keeping ur pet dg _____(take)care f. ②He kept his sn _______(run)n the track in spite f the strng wind. ③Lking thrugh the windw, she fund the bss ______(bury)in his rutine wrk. ④(2019·天津高考)Yet, nw that I’m grwing and the wrld I nce knew as being s simple is becming mre cmplex, I find myself _______ (need)a way t escape.
(2)We shuld ______________________________.  我们应该保持教室整洁干净。(3)I’m srry t _____________________________.  对不起, 让你久等了。
keep ur classrm clean and tidy
have kept yu waiting fr s lng
3. Imagine what wuld happen if they caught a cld and started t sneeze!  想象一下, 如果他们感冒并开始打喷嚏会发生什么事! 【句式解构】本句是if引导的虚拟条件句。*If I were yu, I wuld chse t wrk in a small twn. 如果我是你, 我会选择在小城镇工作。(事实上我不是你)*If it had nt been fr yur help yesterday, I culd nt have paid the university fee. 如果昨天没有你的帮助, 我不会支付得起大学学费。(事实是你昨天已经帮助了我, 所以我支付了学费)
*If things were t be twice, all wuld be wise. 假如凡事都可以重新做一次, 人人皆可成为聪明人。(事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)。
注意: (1)如果从句中有were, had, shuld, 可以省略if, 用倒装句式“were/had/shuld+主语”。*If I were at schl again, I wuld study better. =Were I at schl again, I wuld study better. 如果我回到学校, 我会学得更好。*If yu had cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus. =Had yu cme earlier, yu wuld have caught the bus.
如果你早点来, 你就赶上公共汽车了。*If it shuld rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. =Shuld it rain tmrrw, we wuld nt g climbing. 如果明天下雨, 我们就不去爬山了。(2)若省略的条件句中的谓语动词是否定形式时, 不能用动词的缩略形式。Were it nt fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. (√)Weren’t it fr the expense, I wuld g abrad nw. (×)如果不是因为费用问题, 我现在就出国了。
【即学活用】 语法填空(1)If all the creatures n earth ___________(disappear)in the future, human wuld die ut t. (2)If there _____ (be)n air r water, there wuld be n living things n the earth. (3)If he _________(take)my advice, he wuld nt have made such a mistake.  
disappeared
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. The cmmittee made up f 20 members wants t keep the law ________(effect). 2. Every substance, n matter what it is, is cmpsed __ very small particles called mlecules. . 3. If yu came tmrrw, we __________(have)the meeting.  4. Bell is cnsidered _______________(invent)the telephne.  5. He’s clse t _______ (sign)a cntract when he stpped.
t have invented
6. The sldiers were engaged __ a military peratin clse t the Ugandan brder. 7. If she refuses t fllw rules abut car safety, she wn’t be allwed _____(use)the car.  8. They designed a new prgramme t enable lder peple _______(study)at cllege 9. If yu make this mistake again, I will keep yu ________ (stand)fr a day. 10. If I _____ (be)yu, I wuld take an umbrella.
Ⅱ. 句型转换1. It is said that he has been designated as the incming minister. ___________________________________________________(sb. /sth. be said. . . ) 2. But fr his generus help, I culdn’t have gne thrugh the hard time. ______________________________, I culdn’t have gne thrugh the hard time. (if引导的条件虚拟句) 
He is said t have been designated as the incming minister.
If he hadn’t helped me generusly
3. Because nbdy had any mre t say, the meeting was clsed. ___________________________, the meeting was clsed. (独立主格) 4. Thse wh were affected by the earthquake will get financial aid frm lcal gvernment. Thse _______________________will get financial aid frm lcal gvernment. (非谓语动词作定语) 5. As we all knw, he nce was put int prisn. We all knw ___________________________________. (同位语从句) 
Nbdy having any mre t say
affected by the earthquake
the fact that he nce was put int prisn
Ⅲ. 完成句子1. The girl staring at him, the by _________________didn’t knw what t say.  姑娘两眼望着他, 这个从事教学的男孩不知道说什么好。2. The stne discvered by the farmer ________________________________________.  这个农民发现的这块石头被认为可以追溯到唐代。3. It’s nly with the heart that ne can see rightly and what is essential ____________the eye.  只有用心才能发现真相, 只靠眼睛是看不见的。
engaged in teaching
was believed t date back t the Tang Dynasty
is invisible t
4. Each grup shuld ______________at least ten members.  每组至少应由十人组成。5. They fund the three __________target practice, ne f whm __________tears with frustratin.  他们发现那三个人在练习打靶, 其中一个人沮丧得快要哭出来了。
be cmpsed f
Ⅳ. 结合课文主题使用本单元词汇与句型, 根据提示写一篇50词左右的短文1. 使人们一直探索的夜空是无穷的魅力源泉。(keep+宾语+宾语补足语)2. 随着望远镜的发明, 我们可以看到许多肉眼看不见的美丽事物。(telescpe/be invisible t/the naked eyes/with复合结构)
3. 虽然太空望远镜使我们能看到越来越远的太空, 但宇宙的许多地方仍有待探索。(allw sb. t d/非谓语动词作定语)The night sky which keeps peple explring has been an endless surce f fascinatin. With telescpe invented, many beautiful things invisible t ur naked eyes can be seen. Althugh the space telescpes allw us t see further and further int space, there are much f the universe t be explred.  
十八　Unit 6　Develping ideas【语用训练】Ⅰ. 单句语法填空1. Glass is used t make spectacles, micrscpes and _________(telescpe). 2. The by was watching a mirrr ______(angle) t reflect light frm a windw. 3. We still dn’t knw hw many _______ (galaxy)there are in the universe. 4. We culd have flashed by ne anther like tw pieces f ______(csms) dust. 5. The missin culd ___________(cnceivable)be accmplished within a week.
6. Nantechnlgy is the science f materials at the mlecular r _________(subatm) level. 7. There are ________ (particle)f dust in the air. 8. Breeze wafts yellw leaves in the air, Autumn watches, clsely, silently, ________(invisible). 9. Culd yu _____ (fetch)me the apples that I bught frm the supermarket? 10. Infectins are spread by cughing, spitting, and ________(sneeze).
Ⅱ. 选词填空in reality; enable. . . t; allw. . . t; wrk ut; be engaged in; be cmpsed f; be invisible t; at the age f; lk back t; be clse t 1. There is ________a gap between the ideal and the actual.  2. The new test shuld ______ dctrs __ detect the disease early. 3. The Gvernment will _____ them __ advertise n radi and televisin4. In the east, ur cuntry adjins Krea and _________Japan.  
5. The student decided t ________the difficult prblem by himself.  6. As I lk ut, I ___________that memrable day.  7. He’d drpped ut f high schl ___________16.  8. He des whlesale business, while his brther ____________retail business.  9. Many stars verhead _____________the naked eye.  10. The paper _____________three parts: preface, main text and cnclusin.  
at the age f
is engaged in
完成句子1. I knw a garden ________________________________.  我知道一个花园, 在那里你可以找到野草莓。(where引导定语从句)2. The by ___________________________.  刚才和我说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。(t whm引导定语从句)3. The huse __________________________is my uncle’s.  窗户面朝街的那座房子是我叔叔的。(whse引导定语从句)
where yu can find wild strawberries
t whm I spke is my brther
whse windws face the street
4. The rm _________________________.  朝南的房间是我们的教室。(现在分词短语作定语)5. The cncert ____________________was a great success. 该交响乐团举行的音乐会大为成功。(过去分词作定语) 
facing suth is ur classrm
given by the symphny
【文体解读】Ⅰ. 阅读理解A　　D astrnauts get space sickness when they travel frm Earth t the Internatinal Space Statin (ISS)? Yes, astrnauts can get space sickness travelling t the ISS. It is less likely travelling in the cramped (拥挤的)Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw, than the ld Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability t mve arund in the Space Shuttle increased the chance f space sickness happening.
As yu prbably knw, gravity is lwer inside the ISS. The lw gravity in space allws astrnauts t flat arund, which lks like fun, but it can help cause space sickness.
Recent experiments shw that space sickness is related t ur inner ear. Tw separate parts f the inner ear respnd t sudden changes in directin. If yu shake r mve yur head very quickly, yu can get dizzy. Hwever, this nrmally passes very quickly. This nrmal respnse is upset under lw gravity: yur inner ear thinks yu are cnstantly mving. It takes sme time t adapt t the new cnditin f weightlessness. It is made wrse if yu mve yur head while yur bdy is still adapting. This is why previus astrnauts travelling in the larger Space Shuttle were likely t suffer frm space sickness mre than the current astrnauts travelling in the cramped Syuz spacecraft. The astrnauts were less likely t mve their heads arund very much in a narrw space.
Space sickness was nt talked abut in the early space missins (任务). The riginal Mercury and Gemini spacecraft were, like the current Syuz, cramped. The astrnauts were less likely t get sick, s space sickness n lnger became a cncern f NASA. In 1983 the first detailed study was carried ut abard a Space Shuttle flight (STS-7)by astrnaut-dctr Nrm Thagard. His and all later studies were hampered by the astrnauts themselves. Nne f them wanted t admit being space sick. They were wrried that missin cntrl might remve them frm space walking pprtunities, r even wrse, that they might nt get included n later space missins.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。宇航员会得太空病吗? 文章介绍了会造成太空病的原因。1. What was the prblem with the Space Shuttle? A. It was t slw. B. It was t small. C. It brke dwn ften. D. It had t much space.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw, than the ld Space Shuttle that was used until 2011. The ability t mve arund in the Space Shuttle increased the chance f space sickness happening. 可知, 先前使用的太空飞船空间太大, 增加了宇航员得太空病的几率。故选D项。
2. Hw des lw gravity hurt astrnauts? A. It fls their inner ear. B. It causes pain in their head. C. It stps them shaking their head. D. It prevents them measuring their weight. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第三段可知, 在太空低重力的环境中, 内耳应对突然改变的方向的能力受到了干扰, 会将宇航员漂浮的状态视作对方在不断移动, 进而造成宇航员的晕眩, 如果宇航员摇头, 晕眩会加剧。故选A项。
3. Why wasn’t NASA wrried abut space sickness until later missins? A. The cnditin had been kept secret t the public. B. There were few detailed studies n it. C. The ld spacecraft were better equipped. D. The astrnauts were less likely t get sick.
【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第四段可知, 先前使用的“水星”号飞船和“双子星座”号飞船与现在使用的“联盟”号飞船的空间一样狭窄, 所以宇航员不易得太空病。再结合第一段中的It is less likely travelling in the cramped Russian Syuz spacecraft used t transprt astrnauts there nw可知, 若飞船空间狭小, 则宇航员不易得太空病, 这也是为什么美国国家航空航天局之前未将太空病视作忧患的原因。故选D项。
4. What des the underlined wrd “hampered” in the last paragraph mean? A. Changed. 　　　　　B. Imprved. C. Blcked. D. Cmpared. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句后两句可知, 宇航员们不愿意承认自己曾遭受太空病的侵扰, 担心这会影响自己的职业生涯, 这妨碍了对太空病的研究。由此推知, 画线词hampered意为“阻碍, 妨碍”。故选C项。
B　　Since peple first launched rckets int space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all srts f things. Sme f them, like the camera, were lst by astrnauts while they did wrk utside their spacecraft. But much f the space junk is made up f little pieces f things that were nce bigger bjects, until they struck each ther and brke apart.
But space junk falling n rfs is nt the biggest wrry. Scientists are cncerned abut the “Kessler” prblem. Imagine what happens when an empty rcket strikes anther while rbiting the earth. Tw big things becme many smaller things. They then hit ther things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles.
Marc Castrnuv, an Italian Space Agency researcher, says launching a satellite int space that wuld get very clse t sme f the larger pieces f space junk. The satellite wuld cnnect a small rcket t the useless bject. When the rcket expldes, it pushes the junk int a lwer and slwer rbit, nearer the Earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmsphere. Mr Castrnuv has prpsed using a number f small satellites with rbtic arms. One arm wuld catch the space junk, and anther arm wuld cnnect the rcket. He imagines that each satellite culd jump frm ne large piece f junk t anther. He thinks this methd culd destry abut ten large bjects each year.
Scientists have been cncerned abut space junk fr many years. Right nw, the csts f the clean-up have been t great. Mr Castrnuv says his system culd be put in place fr a much mre reasnable amunt f mney. S what can be dne t clean up the space arund ur planet?
【文章大意】本文是篇说明文, 主要讲的是太空中存在着许多垃圾, 这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁, 科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。5. We can learn frm the text that much f the space junk ______.  A. was left by the astrnauts n purpseB. is mainly made up f brken spaceshipC. is usually made f small pieces f thingsD. burns up befre it reaches the atmsphere
【解析】选C。细节理解题。从第一段的“But much f the space junk is made up f little pieces f things that were nce bigger bjects”可知, 许多的太空垃圾都是由曾经是更大物体的小碎片构成的。故选C项。
6. Nw scientists are mst wrried that space junk will ______.  A. harm the future space vehiclesB. d sme harm t the atmsphereC. fall n peple’s huse rfsD. destry the habitat f wildlife【解析】选A。推理判断题。从第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云层, 那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了。可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未来空间飞行器。故选A项。
7. It implies in the last but ne paragraph that ______.  A. clearing up the space will actually cst littleB. small rckets als d harm t the atmsphereC. nly rbts can clear up the space cmpletelyD. it is still difficult fr us t clear up the space【解析】选D。推理判断题。从倒数第二段的内容可知, 清理太空垃圾不是一件非常容易的事情, 故选D项。
8. What is the text mainly abut? A. Space junk threatens earth’s rbital envirnment. B. Scientists use different methds t clear up space junk. C. Spacecrafts will meet with a lt f space junk in the future. D. Marc cmes up with many methds t deal with space junk. 【解析】选A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是太空中存在着许多垃圾, 这些垃圾慢慢会对地球及以后发射的太空飞船构成威胁, 科学家们正在研究如何清理它们。故选A项。
【技巧点拨】 推理判断题往往是针对文中某一句话, 也可能是某几句话, 从文章的表面含义挖出所隐藏的内容, 最终推出答案。本文第2小题, 从第三段的“The pieces get smaller and smaller until they frm a clud f junk that blcks the path f future space vehicles. ”可知, 如果太空中形成了垃圾云层, 那以后发射的太空飞船就会遇到危险了, 可知现在科学家最担心太空垃圾会危害未来空间飞行器, A项正确。
Ⅱ. 阅读填句　　根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A New Trend f Micr MuseumsIs Making Science Prtable　　Science museums are amazing. Yu can see large dinsaur bnes frm the huge creatures that disappeared thusands f years ag r take a lk at cells under a micrscpe. 　1　.  
Yu can learn s much at a science museum if living clse enugh t ne. Hwever, fr thse wh dn’t live in a city, getting a chance t visit science museums is nt easy. “　2　, their influence is limited. There just aren’t enugh science museums, ” said Charles Philipp. “And due t the high csts, it’s unlikely that we’ll be seeing a bunch f new traditinal science museums ppping up all ver the cuntry anytime sn. ”
Philipp and his partner Amanda Schchet have decided t reinvent science museums by getting them small. They funded MICRO, a nnprfit rganizatin that builds tiny 6-ft-tall science museums, which are prtable and replicable (可复制的). 　3　. They can get access t it fr free in such places as waiting rms f hspitals, libraries, airprts, and even shpping malls.  
　4　, they made it with the help f a team f engineers, strytellers, and designers. Each f the micr museums has a scientific tpic. The first museum is the Smallest Mllusk (软体动物) Museum shwing the wrld f mllusks, which has wn great ppularity as the nly museum devted just t mllusks. A secnd museum is the Perpetual Mtin Museum that fcuses n physics and engineering and will fficially pen next year. It asks why things mve, and why they stp. 　5　Hpefully ne will cme t a neighbrhd near yu sn.  
A. Science museums are beneficialB. While the cntent is vitally imprtantC. Althugh it csts nthing t visit museumsD. The plan is t get peple f all ages cnnected with scienceE. Even thugh making the tiny museums a reality was difficultF. Such new museums allw peple t explre fun scientific tpicsG. Yu can als learn t think like an engineer by building a mdel ship
【文章大意】本文介绍了一种只有6英尺高的便捷式可复制的微型科学博物馆, 它使人们更容易接触科学博物馆和学习新的科学知识。1. 【解析】选G。根据前一句“Yu can see large dinsaur bnes frm the huge creatures that disappeared thusands f years ag r take a lk at cells under a micrscpe”和下文中的“Yu can learn s much at a science museum . . . ne”可知, 此处应是举例你可以在科学博物馆做的事情, 故G项符合语境。
2. 【解析】选B。结合上文中提及博物馆的好处以及下文讲到“their influence is limited. There just aren’t enugh science museums”可知, 空处与后半句有转折关系, 故B项合适, 此处意为“尽管科学博物馆的内容非常重要, 但是它们产生的影响有限”。3. 【解析】选D。上文提到了Charles Philipp和Amanda Schchet决定建造微型科学博物馆, 空处说明了他们建造微型科学博物馆的目的, 是对前一句的进一步阐述。
4. 【解析】选E。根据上文对微型科学博物馆的描述及下文“they made it with the help f a team f engineers, strytellers, and designers”可知, 建造这样的科学博物馆绝非易事, 但他们成功了, 故E项符合语境。5. 【解析】选F。上文主要介绍了两种主题的微型科学博物馆, 第一种以软体动物为主题, 第二种则关注物理学和工程学, 这些新型科学博物馆能够使人们了解科学方面的知识, 故F项符合语境。
描述太空生活经历【范例点评】假如现在是2050年, 你刚参加过学校组织的一次火星旅游, 请根据提示写一篇80词左右的短文。要点如下: 1. 出行方式及路线(乘航天飞机到达太空站再到达火星); 2. 所见所闻, 如外星人(alien); 3. 你的感受。
It is 2050. Our schl rganized a trip frm the Earth t Mars. Firstly, we reached a space statin by a spacecraft after a ne-day jurney frm Earth. After a shrt break and then tw hurs later, we landed n Mars. The aliens n Mars are very kind and friendly, and what surprised us is that they speak English much better than us. There are lts f ther amazing things. We even came acrss a talking stne. The living envirnment f aliens is really cmfrtable. This is much better than we thught. What a wnderful jurney!
【文体解读】1. 话题特点　　太空生活经历, 属于新课程标准“人与自然”主题语境中的“宇宙探索”主题群, 旨在通过将特定主题和学生的生活建立联系, 深化学生对宇宙探索的认识。写该类主题的作文, 首先要思考太空生活的细节, 然后用相关的词汇和表达组织作文框架, 最后形成全文。
2. 话题词汇(1)the same as. . . 　　　　　和……一样(2)stay clean and neat 保持整洁(3)have a knwledge f. . . 对……了解(4)just as we d n earth就像我们在地球上做的一样(5)astrnaut宇航员(6)in space在太空
3. 话题句式(试着替换方框中的黑体部分, 变成你需要表达的意思)开篇常用句式: (1) Living in space is nt the same as living n Earth. (2)The astrnauts’ bdies change in space. (3)The way they stay clean and neat is different t.
结尾常用句式: (1)Hping yu can have a knwledge f the life in space. (2)As far as I am cncerned, life in space is incnvenient but interesting. (3)In my pinin, living in space will be turned int reality ne day.
【迁移训练】你的朋友Jim给你来信, 想通过你所观看的太空生活影片和新闻报道来了解宇航员, 请根据提示信息, 介绍一下你的观点: 1. 宇航员漂浮使骨头开始变得又软又薄。2. 在太空中, 没有重力的牵引, 血液会流向上半身和头部。3. 宇航员回到地球必须休息, 以便他们的身体有时间制造新的血液和水。注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 开头和结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
Dear Jim, 　　I’m writing t intrduce t yu hw the astrnauts stay healthy in space. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yurs, Li Hua
【遣词】1. 失去力量　　　　　___________ 2. 导致骨骼变弱________________________ 3. 对……不利____________ 4. 重力的牵引________________ 5. 看起来浮肿_________ 6. 制造新的血液______________ 7. 晕倒_____
lse strength
cause the bnes t get weak
be bad fr. . .
the pull f gravity
make new bld
【造句】1. 完成句子(1)他们的腿不怎么活动, 他们的下背部开始失去力量。They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t ___________.  (2)这种情况导致骨头变得脆弱和薄。This _________________________and thin.  (3)这对宇航员的身体非常不利。It _____________astrnauts’ bdies.  (4)在太空中, 因为没有重力的牵引, 血液会流向上半身和头部。In space, because there is n ________________, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head.  
causes the bnes t get weak
is very bad fr
2. 句式升级(5)用非谓语动词和非限制性定语从句把(1)(2)(3)合并。They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t lse strength, causing the bnes t get weak and thin, which is very bad fr astrnauts’ bdies.  (6)把(4)改成简单句。In space, withut the pull f gravity, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head.  
【成篇】Dear Jim, 　　I’m writing t intrduce t yu hw the astrnauts stay healthy in space. 　　Living in space is nt the same as living n Earth. In space, astrnauts flat. They d nt use their legs much and their lwer backs begin t lse strength, causing the bnes getting weak and thin, which is very bad fr astrnauts’ bdies.
The heart and bld change in space, t. In space, withut the pull f gravity, the bld mves t the upper bdy and head. Water in the bdy als des the same thing, which makes the astrnauts’ faces lk puffy. When the astrnauts cme back t Earth, the astrnauts have t rest s their bdies have time t make new bld and water. If they dn’t, they can feel very weak. They might even faint! 　　Hping yu can have a knwledge f the life in space. Yurs, Li Hua
The tpic: space explratinPrs: Many new prducts, such as weather and cmmunicatin satellites, are prducts f space prgrams. It can help predict dangers and prtect the earth. It can help us expand ur living rm.
Cns: Space may be plluted by human beings and break the natural balance f space. There may be anther hrrible truth that we may be fund by aliens because f the satellites sent t the far space. The time and mney spent n space explratin is t much t calculate. Yur pinin: _______________________________ 
I am in favur f space explratin.
The reasn: First f all, it has prduced thusands f useful prducts that help t imprve ur ecnmy, prductivity and lifestyle, strengthening the verall natinal strength. Secnd, taking the lead in space explratin can make the peple prud and increase their sense f belnging t the cuntry. What’s mre, space explratin makes us understand the uter envirnment, cnstructin f atmsphere and the regular pattern f stars.  
【导语】《夏洛的网》是一部描写关于友情的童话, 在朱克曼家的谷仓里, 小猪威尔伯和蜘蛛夏洛建立了最真挚的友谊。威尔伯的生命有危险时, 看似渺小的夏洛用自己的力量救了威尔伯, 但, 这时, 蜘蛛夏洛的生命却走到了尽头。作者用童话的叙事风格表现出对生命本身的赞美与眷恋, 给了我们关于生命的深沉的思索。
Chapter 11　The Miracle The next day was fggy. Everything n the farm was dripping wet. The grass lked like a magic carpet. The asparagus patch lked like a silver frest.
On fggy mrnings, Charltte’s web was truly a thing f beauty. This mrning each thin strand was decrated with dzens f tiny beads f water. The web glistened in the light and made a pattern f lveliness and mystery, like a delicate veil. Even Lurvy, wh wasn’t particularly interested in beauty, nticed the web when he came with the pig’s breakfast. He nted hw clearly it shwed up and he nted hw big and carefully built it was. And then he tk anther lk and he saw smething that made him set his pail dwn. There, in the center f the web, neatly wven in blck letters, was a message. It said: SOME PIG!
Lurvy felt weak. He brushed his hand acrss his eyes and stared harder at Charltte’s web. “I’m seeing things, ” he whispered. He drpped t his knees and uttered a shrt prayer. Then, frgetting all abut Wilbur’s breakfast, he walked back t the huse and called Mr Zuckerman. “I think yu’d better cme dwn t the pigpen, he said. ” “What’s the truble? ” asked Mr Zuckerman. “Anything wrng with the pig? ”“N-nt exactly, ” said Lurvy. “Cme and see fr yurself. ”The tw men walked silently dwn t Wilbur’s yard. Lurvy pinted t the spider’s web. “D yu see what I see? ” he asked.
Zuckerman stared at the writing n the web. Then he murmured the wrds “Sme Pig. ” Then he lked at Lurvy. Then they bth began t tremble. Charltte, sleepy after her night’s exertins, smiled as she watched. Wilbur came and std directly under the web. “Sme pig! ” muttered Lurvy in a lw vice. 　“Sme pig! ” Whispered Mr Zuckerman. They stared and stared fr a lng time at Wilbur. Then they stared at Charltte.
“Yu dn’t suppse that that spider. . . ” began Mr Zuckerman—but he shk his head and didn’t finish the sentence. Instead, he walked slemnly back up t the huse and spke t his wife. “Edith, smething has happened, ” he said, in a weak vice. He went int the living rm and sat dwn and Mrs Zuckerman fllwed. “I’ve gt smething t tell yu, Edith, ” he said. “Yu better sit dwn. ”Mrs Zuckerman sank int a chair. She lked pale and frightened.
“Edith, ” he said, trying t keep his vice steady, “I think yu had best be tld that we have a very unusual pig. ”A lk f cmplete bewilderment came ver Mrs Zuckerman’s face. “Hmer Zuckerman, what in the wrld are yu talking abut? ” she said. “This is a very serius thing, Edith, ” he replied. “Our pig is cmpletely ut f the rdinary. ”“What’s unusual abut the pig? ” asked Mrs Zuckerman, wh was beginning t recver frm her scare.
“Well, I dn’t really knw yet, ” said Mr Zuckerman. “But we have received a sign, Edith—a mysterius sign. A miracle has happened n this farm. There is a large spider’s web in the drway f the barn cellar, right ver the pigpen, and when Lurvy went t feed the pig this mrning, he nticed the web because it was fggy, and yu knw hw a spider’s web lks very distinct in a fg. And right spang in the middle f the web there were the wrds ‘Sme Pig’. The wrds were wven right int the web. They were actually part f the web, Edith. I knw, because I have been dwn there and seen them. It says,
‘Sme Pig, ’ just as clear as they can be. There can be n mistake abut it. A miracle has happened and a sign has ccurred here n earth right n ur farm, and we have n rdinary pig. ”“Well, ” said Mrs Zuckerman, “it seems t me yu’re a little ff. It seems t me we have n rdinary spider. ”“Oh, n, ” said Zuckerman. “It’s the pig that’s unusual. It says s, right there in the middle f the web. ”