高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions优质学案设计

这是一份高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions优质学案设计，

Sailrs used t speak f a “Jack” when they meant a flag which was set near the bw f a sailing ship.The flag shwed the cuntry t which the ship belnged 1.The Unin Jack became the flag f Great Britain.Australia’s flag has the Unin Jack in the tp left hand crner tgether with the stars f the Suthern Crss.They have kept this small part f Britain n their flag because their cuntry was first settled by peple frm Britain.
Australia’s flag is the same clr as the Unin Jack—red，white and blue.The act f jining tgether is called a “Unin”．The Unin Jack was the name f the flag made when England，Sctland and Ireland jined tgether t make ne cuntry.It all began in 1707 when England and Sctland jined tgether t becme ne natin.A flag was made using tw crsses—ne fr the patrn saint(守护神) f each cuntry.The wrd “patrn” means prtectr.Many centuries befre the English had taken St Gerge as their patrn saint，his emblem(标志) was a red crss n a white backgrund.The Scttish patrn saint was St Andrew.In memry f him，they used a white crss n a blue backgrund.This crss was shaped like the letter “X”．The new flag was a mixture f bth flags with tw sets f crsses2.When Ireland jined England and Sctland in 1800，anther crss was added.St Patrick’s crss f Ireland was red and als shaped like an “X”．All three flags made up the Unin Jack.
靓句运用于写作
1．Mrever，with the stadium set up，a wide range f sprts events are able t be held，f which pingpng，ftball as well as running cmpetitins enjy great ppularity.
(2018·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)
2．At the class meeting, ur teacher tld us abut the prgramme with the theme “Labur is the mst glrius”．(2019·北京，书面表达)
Perid One Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking—Cmprehending
匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思
[第一组]
1．charge A．围绕；包围
2．achievement B．占领；征服；控制
3．cnquer C．收费；指控；主管
4．surrund D．宣布；通知；声称
5.annunce E．成就；成绩；达到
答案 1.C 2.E 3.B 4.A 5.D
[第二组]
6．lcatin A．迷惑；使困惑
7．puzzle B．证据；证明
8．legal C．保证；确保；担保
9．evidence D．地方；地点；位置
10．ensure E．法律的；合法的
答案 6.D 7.A 8.E 9.B 10.C
[第三组]
11．apprach A．慷慨的；大方的；丰富的
12．amunt B．方法；途径；接近
13．fascinating C．金额；数量
14．individual D．单独的；个别的
15．generus E．迷人的；极有吸引力的
答案 11.B 12.C 13.E 14.D 15.A
[第四组]
16．mansin A．墓地；公墓
17．cemetery B．公馆；宅第
18．chief C．应在(某处)；适应
19．belng D．防御；保卫
20．defence E．最重要的；最高级别的
答案 16.B 17.A 18.E 19.C 20.D
eq \x(Step 1 Fast­reading)
1．What’s the main idea f the passage?
A．The histry f the United Kingdm.
B．The gegraphy f the United Kingdm.
C．The peple f the United Kingdm.
D．The plitics f the United Kingdm.
答案 A
2．Match each paragraph with its tpic sentence.
Para.1 A．The UK is a cuntry that is well wrth visiting.
Para.2 B．The similarities(相似点) and differences f the fur cuntries that make up the UK.
Para.3 C．The fur grups f peple that influenced the histry and traditins f the UK.
Para.4 D．Peple’s cnfusin abut the different names f the UK.
Para.5 E．Hw the UK came int being.
答案 Para.1 D Para.2 E Para.3 B Para.4 C Para.5 A
eq \x(Step 2 Careful­reading)
Ⅰ.Judge whether the fllwing statements are true(T) r false(F)．
1．Sctland was the first cuntry that was jined t the Kingdm f England.(F)
2．The fur cuntries that make up the UK all have the army f their wn.(F)
3．The Nrmans added sme French wrds t the English language.(T)
4．The Angl-Saxns influenced the building styles f the UK.(T)
5．If yu want t visit the United Kingdm，it is a gd idea t start with Lndn.(T)
Ⅱ.Chse the best answer.
1．When did the name “the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland” begin t appear?
A．In the 16th century.
B．In the 18th century.
C．In the 19th century.
D．In the 20th century.
答案 D
2．Which f the fllwing is nt part f the UK?
A．England. B．Sctland.
C．Nrthern Ireland. D．Suthern Ireland.
答案 D
3．The fur cuntries that make up the UK share the same things except .
A．natinal flag B．educatin systems
C．currency D．military defence
答案 B
4．Which grup f peple made changes t the legal system f the UK?
A．The Rmans. B．The Vikings.
C．The Nrmans. D．The Angl-Saxns.
答案 C
5．Why is the UK a great place that is well wrth visiting?
A．It has a lng histry and rich culture.
B．There are a lt f histric sites in it.
C．Its museums are als well-knwn.
D．All the abve.
答案 D
eq \x(Step 3 Pst­reading)
After reading the passage，please fill in the fllwing blanks.
The UK，which is als referred 1.t as Britain r Great Britain，is a 2.fascinating(fascinate) cuntry with a lng histry.It is made up 3.f fur cuntries—England，Sctland，Wales and Nrthern Ireland.The fur cuntries wrk tgether in sme areas，but they als have sme 4.differences(different)，such as different educatin systems，legal systems，and natinal days.The UK was nce taken ver by fur grups f peple，wh had a great influence 5.n the culture f this cuntry in many ways.Fr example，the Rmans,6.wh came in the first century，built many twns and rads all ver the cuntry.The Angl-Saxns 7.intrduced(intrduce) the beginnings f the English language.The Vikings left behind the names f many lcatins and the Nrmans had castles 8.built(build) all arund England.If yu have knwn the histry and gegraphy f this cuntry，yu will nt 9.be cnfused(cnfuse) by what these different names mean.Studying the histry f the cuntry will make yur visit much 10.mre enjyable(enjy)．
eq \x(Step 4 Sentence­learning)
1．Getting t knw a little bit abut British histry will help yu slve this puzzle.
[句式分析] 本句为一个简单句。句中Getting t knw a little bit abut British histry是动名词短语作主语。动名词(短语)作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。
[自主翻译] 了解一点英国的历史将会帮助你解开这一谜团。
2．Finally，in the 20th century，the suthern part f Ireland brke away frm the UK，which resulted in the full name we have tday：the United Kingdm f Great Britain and Nrthern Ireland.
[句式分析] 本句为一个含有定语从句的复合句。which resulted in the full name we have tday为非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代指“爱尔兰南部地区从英国脱离出去”这件事。
[自主翻译] 后来到了20世纪，爱尔兰南部地区从英国脱离出去，这才有了我们现在所知的英国的全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
3．They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
[句式分析] 本句为一个复合句。句中knwn as the Unin Jack为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词flag，相当于非限制性定语从句which is knwn as the Unin Jack。
[自主翻译] 像拥有同样的货币和国防一样，他们也使用同一面被称为联合杰克的国旗。
4．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.
[句式分析] 本句为一个简单句。had castles built为“have sth. dne”结构，意为“让某事被做”， 过去分词在句中作宾语补足语。
[自主翻译] 他们在英格兰到处建立城堡，而且还对法律体系作了更改。
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Newcastle，ne f the fastest develping cities in the United Kingdm，is beginning t draw turists frm all crners f Eurpe.It’s said that mst visitrs cme here t see the famus sccer team play.The md f the lcals is ften changed by the success r failure f the lcal team.
Newcastle’s mst ppular place is the Gate，which is in the center f the city and has many attractins including bars，restaurants，sprts bars，pubs and s n.During a hme game it becmes a real hme t happiness.
Culture and lcal histry lvers can make their dreams cme true by taking ne f the lcal city tur buses.They cme and leave every few minutes and stp at all the imprtant histrical sites in the city.Als the seats and the envirnment n the buses are cmfrtable.It’s the best way t see the city withut tiring yurself ut r getting cld.Places such as the Hancck Museum and Millennium Bridge are must-see attractins.But be careful if yu’re shrt f time.Newcastle is a big place，s yu shuld be prepared t kill a few hurs n ne f these buses.
If yu want t watch the lcal team play sccer in the St.James Park，remember t bk a ticket as early as pssible.The lcals are crazy sccer fans，and yu’ll find it hard t get a ticket if yu dn’t wait in the queue early.
As yu can see，Newcastle is a fascinating city with s much t be ffered and s many things t see.Yu’re sure t have a wnderful time here!
eq \x(语篇解读 本文介绍了英国发展最快的城市之一——纽卡斯尔。)
1．Mst visitrs cme t Newcastle in rder t .
A．watch its sccer team play
B．take the lcal tur buses
C．visit the Hancck Museum
D．have a big meal in restaurants
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“It’s said that mst visitrs cme here t see the famus sccer team play.”可知，大多数游客来这里是为了看足球比赛。
2．If yu want t learn abut the histry and culture f Newcastle，yu .
A．shuld g t the Gate
B．can g n a city tur
C．must visit St.James Park
D．must drive yur wn car
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Culture and lcal histry lvers can make their dreams cme true by taking ne f the lcal city tur buses.”可知答案。
3．The underlined wrd “They” in Para.3 refers t “ ”．
A．histry lvers B．lcal peple
C．city tur buses D．lcal sccer teams
答案 C
解析 代词指代题。根据常识，代词一般指上文提到的名词，再结合句中的“cme and leave every few minutes and stp at all the imprtant histrical sites in the city”可知，They在此处指上句提到的城市旅游巴士。
4．Accrding t the passage，which ne is NOT crrect?
A．The mst ppular place in Newcastle is the Gate.
B．Millennium Bridge is attractive t culture and lcal histry lvers.
C．The md f the lcals can’t be influenced by the success r failure f the lcal team.
D．Yu’d better bk a ticket as early as pssible if yu want t watch the lcal team play sccer.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“The md f the lcals is ften changed by the success r failure f the lcal team.”可知，C项的表述是不正确的。
B
Over the centuries the French have lst a number f famus battles with the British.Hwever，they’ve always felt superir in the kitchen.France has fr centuries had a reputatin fr cking excellence，and Britain fr sme f the wrst cking in the wrld.But accrding t a recent survey，that reputatin may n lnger reflect reality.
In the survey,71% f the Britns said they ck at hme every day，while nly 59% f the French said they ck daily.British hme cks spend mre time cking each week and als prduce a greater variety f dishes than French hme cks.
The reactin in Lndn was predictably enthusiastic.British fd has greatly imprved since the 1990s.Once upn a time，the menu fr many family meals wuld have been rast beef，ptates and ver-cked vegetables，but nt nw.Hme cks are experimenting with the huge range f ingredients nw available in British supermarkets and are preparing all kinds f new dishes，using the ckbks that sell millins f cpies every year.As a result，there’s much mre diversity in British fd nw，cmpared t French fd，which tends t be very traditinal.
Sme French peple say that the survey did nt shw the whle picture.They agree that during the week French wmen dn’t ck as much as they used t because mst f them wrk and dn’t have much time.They tend t buy ready-made r frzen dishes，but many f them make up fr it n the weekend.There’s als a difference between Paris and the cuntryside.It’s true that peple in Paris dn’t ck much，but elsewhere，cking is still at the heart f daily life.
Fr many French peple，pinins abut British fd have nt changed.When Bernard Blier，the fd editr f a magazine，was asked abut British fd，he replied，“I dn’t g ut f my way t try it.It is nt very refined.Yu can say that I’m nt a fan at all.”
eq \x(语篇解读 本文介绍了一项调查结果：英国人做饭的水平不是过去那样子了。)
5．Accrding t the passage，nwadays British peple .
A．ck less at hme than the French every day
B．n lnger eat rast beef and ver-cked vegetables
C．are mre willing t try cking all kinds f new fds
D．buy mre ckbks than French peple d
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“British hme cks spend mre time cking each week and als prduce a greater variety f dishes than French hme cks.”可知答案。
6．What can we infer frm the furth paragraph?
A．French wmen ck less ften nw.
B．The French prefer ready-made dishes.
C．French wmen seldm ck n the weekend.
D．Cking is at the heart f peple’s life in Paris.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段的第二句“They agree that during the week French wmen dn’t ck as much as they used t because mst f them wrk and dn’t have much time.”可知答案。
7．What is Bernard’s attitude twards British fd?
A．He wuld lve t try it.
B．He shws n interest in it.
C．He cnsiders it wrse than befre.
D．He cnsiders it better than befre.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中Bernard所说的话“I dn’t g ut f my way t try it.It is nt very refined.Yu can say that I’m nt a fan at all.”可知答案。
8．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．The histry f British fd.
B．The histry f French fd.
C．The change in British fd.
D．The change in French fd.
答案 C
解析 主旨大意题。本文在第一段点出主题：根据最近的一项调查，英国人做饭的水平不是过去那样子了。下文进行了具体介绍，故选C项。
C
A British friend tld me he culdn’t understand why Chinese peple lve eating sunflwer seeds as a snack s much.“I’ve met a lt f lder Chinese and many have a crack(缝隙) in their frnt teeth；I believe that’s frm cracking the seeds，” he said.
I had never nticed the habit，but nce he mentined(提及) it，I suddenly became mre aware.I realized that whenever I’m watching TV r typing a reprt，I always start mindlessly(不自觉地) cracking sunflwer seeds.My friend desn’t like sunflwer seeds，and，t him，it seems unnecessary t wrk s much just t get ne small seed.
When we were yung，the whle family wuld usually get tgether fr Chinese New Year.Then，we all lived clse t ne anther，usually in a small city，and smetimes even neighbrs wuld g dr-t-dr n Chinese New Year’s Eve t check ut what every husehld was making.
I remember my parents wuld be in the kitchen cking.Out in the living rm，a large table wuld already be laid ut，cmplete with fancy tableclth，ready-made dumpling fillings，and dishes full f candy，fruits and sunflwer seeds.Sme f the dishes were t be ffered t ur ancestrs later，while thers were fr neighbrs and children t eat befre the evening feast.I must have learned hw t crack sunflwer seeds back then.
I dn’t think it’s right t criticize(批评) ne’s chice in fd r eating habits，n matter hw strange they may seem.
It’s nt nly in China.When I went abrad，I fund peple had all srts f strange habits when it came t fd.In Denmark，they put salted red fish n bread and eat it fr dinner，n matter hw much it ruins yur breath.They think it’s a delicacy，and it’s cnnected t their culture.I think it’s a wnderful traditin.
9．What did the writer becme aware f?
A．She had ever typed a reprt abut seeds.
B．She had varius snacks while watching TV.
C．She had a habit f cracking sunflwer seeds.
D．She damaged her teeth by eating sunflwer seeds.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知作者意识到自己有嗑瓜子的习惯。
10．What des the writer prve by mentining Chinese New Year?
A．The traditins f celebrating it disappear.
B．Children can eat delicius fd n that day.
C．The families get tgether fr it.
D．Eating sunflwer seeds is related t it.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知新年的时候会有很多美食，一些是供给祖先的，还有一些，其中含有瓜子，是给邻居和小孩在晚宴前吃的，作者因此学会了嗑瓜子，可见作者嗑瓜子和春节有关联。
11．The writer’s attitude t Denmark’s way f eating bread is .
A．acceptable B．critical
C．neutral D．dubtful
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“I think it’s a wnderful traditin.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包的方式是一个很美妙的传统，可见作者接受这种吃法。
12．What lessn can we learn frm the stry?
A．One kind f fd desn’t necessarily suit everyne.
B．Eating habits cme frm a certain culture.
C．It is gd t frm healthy eating habits.
D．Changing yur eating habits will change yur life.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They think it’s a delicacy，and it’s cnnected t their culture.”可知，丹麦人认为这样吃面包是美味的，这和他们的文化有关，正如作者喜欢嗑瓜子和中国的春节文化有关。因此饮食习惯来自特定的文化。
Ⅱ.七选五
While yu are travelling abrad，cultural mistakes are mre serius than linguistic(语言的) mistakes，which can lead t serius misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 13
·Tuching Smene
14 In Mediterranean cuntries，if yu dn’t tuch smene’s arm when talking t them r if yu dn’t greet them with kisses r a warm hug，yu’ll be cnsidered cld.But backslap(拍背) smene wh isn’t a family member r a gd friend in Krea，and yu’ll make them uncmfrtable.In Thailand，the head is cnsidered sacred—never even pat a child n the head.
·Talking ver Dinner
In sme cuntries，like China，Japan and sme African natins，the fd is the thing，s dn’t start chatting abut yur day’s adventures while everyne else is digging int dinner.
15 It’s nt because yur grup is unfriendly，but because meal times are fr eating，nt talking.
·Remving Yur Shes r Nt
Take ff yur shes when arriving at the dr f a Lndn dinner party and the hstess will find yu uncivilized，but fail t remve yur shes befre entering a hme in Asia，Hawaii，r the Pacific Islands and yu’ll be cnsidered disrespectful.S，if yu see a rw f shes at the dr，start unding yur laces. 16
Once yu are n the grund f a different cuntry，remain highly sensitive(敏感) t native behavir. 17 And dn’t feel ffended(冒犯) if smething seems ffensive—like queue jumping.After all，this is a glbal village，and we are all very different.
A．Persnal space varies as yu travel the glbe.
B．Asians cnsider remving shes implite at hme.
C．Never be cmpletely surprised by anything.
D．The linguistic mistake means that smene is nt fully expressing his idea.
E．Lk ut fr the fllwing cultural mistakes and try t avid(避免) them.
F．If nt，keep the shes n.
G．Yu’ll likely be met with silence.
13．答案 E
解析 根据空前内容可知当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。以及根据下文主要介绍了需要避免的文化错误可知E项：Lk ut fr the fllwing cultural mistakes and try t avid(避免) them.(注意下面的文化错误，尽量避免)符合文意。故选E。
14．答案 A
解析 根据本段的内容可知，在不同的国家，你的一些行为会给当地人带来误解。A项：Persnal space varies as yu travel the glbe.(个人空间随你环球旅行而变化)符合文意。故选A。
15．答案 G
解析 根据本段的“It’s nt because yur grup is unfriendly，but because meal times are fr eating，nt talking.”可知，不是因为你的团队不友好，而是因为吃饭时间是为了吃饭，而不是为了说话。G项：Yu’ll likely be met with silence.(你可能会遇到沉默)符合文意。故选G。
16．答案 F
解析 根据本段的小标题Remving Yur Shes r Nt脱鞋子还是不脱可知，本段主要介绍鞋子的事。F项：If nt，keep the shes n.(如果不是，请穿上鞋子)符合文意。故选F。
17．答案 C
解析 根据后句“And dn’t feel ffended(冒犯) if smething seems ffensive—like queue jumping.”可知，如果有些事情看起来很冒犯，像插队一样，不要感到被冒犯。C项：Never be cmpletely surprised by anything.(永远不要对任何事情感到惊讶)符合文意。故选C。语篇解读 本文讲述了直到作者的英国朋友提到中国人都爱嗑瓜子，作者才意识到自己也有这个习惯。作者把这个习惯归结于中国春节文化，就像丹麦人吃面包喜欢加咸红鱼，每一个饮食习惯都有自己特定的文化。
语篇解读 本文介绍了当你出国旅行时，文化错误比语言错误更严重，这会导致严重的误解甚至是个人之间的厌恶感。文章给出了一些需要避免的文化错误：,1.碰别人；2.就餐时谈话；3.脱鞋子还是不脱。