人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions优质导学案

这是一份人教版 (2019)必修 第二册Unit 4 History and traditions优质导学案，共11页。学案主要包含了过去分词作宾语补足语，过去分词作定语等内容，欢迎下载使用。


感知以下句子，完成方框下的小题
1．句1和2中加黑词汇在句中作定语。句1中为前置定语，句2中为后置定语。
2．句3、4、5和6中加黑词汇在句中作宾语补足语。
3．过去分词作宾语补足语时与宾语构成被动关系。
一、过去分词作宾语补足语
1．过去分词用在表状态的动词keep，leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He gt up late and hurried t his ffice，leaving the breakfast untuched.
他起床晚了，没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2．过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get＋宾语＋过去分词”可以表示两种含义：“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
Claire had her luggage checked an hur befre her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。
While they were n hliday，they had their car brken int.他们在度假时，汽车被撬开了。
(2)在“make＋宾语＋过去分词”这种结构中，过去分词表示结果。
They managed t make themselves understd by using very simple English.
他们用很浅易的英语来设法使自己被理解。
3．感官动词see，hear，ntice，bserve，watch，feel，find等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
When we saw the rad blcked with snw，we decided t spend the hliday at hme.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。
The next mrning peple fund the wrld utside their huses cmpletely changed.
第二天早上，人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
4．表示“意愿；命令”的动词，如like，want，wish，expect，rder等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager rdered the wrk finished at the end f this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5．过去分词用在“with＋宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
The living rm is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid fr a meal t be cked.
客厅既干净又整洁，已摆好了餐桌准备盛放待煮的饭菜。
Jhn received an invitatin t dinner，and with his wrk finished，he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了，他就欣然接受了邀请。
6．非谓语动词(短语)作宾语补足语的区别
(1)感官动词(短语)see，watch，bserve，lk at，ntice，hear，listen t，feel等的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以hear为例)：
hear＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.听到……正在做……主动、进行,d sth.听到……做了……主动、完成,dne听到……被做被动、完成或无时间性))
I heard her singing an English sng when I passed by her rm yesterday.
昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱英文歌。(主动、正在进行)
I heard her sing an English sng just nw.
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。(主动、完成)
T learn English well，we shuld find pprtunities t hear English spken as much as pssible.
为了学好英语，我们应该尽可能多地听英语。(被动、无时间性)
(2)使役动词make，have，get，keep后加复合宾语的比较
make＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.让……做某事主动,dne让……被做被动))
The shcking news made me realize what terrible prblems we wuld face.
这令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。
I made myself knwn t them first and then we talked abut ur hbbies.
我先向他们作了自我介绍，然后我们谈论了自己的爱好。
have＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(d sth.使……做某事主动,ding sth.使……持续做某事主动、进行,dne使……被做被动))
Mther had me g t the shp and buy sme salt.
妈妈让我去商店买些食盐。
He had us laughing all thrugh the meal.
整顿饭下来他让我们笑个不停。
My elder sister had her wallet stlen n a bus last mnth.
上个月，我姐姐的钱包在公共汽车上被偷了。
get＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(t d sth.使……做某事主动,ding sth.使……开始做某事主动,dne使……被做被动))
He gt me t pst the letter fr him.
他让我替他寄信。
The captain gt the sldiers mving tward the frnt after a shrt rest.
休息了片刻之后，上尉让士兵们开始朝前线行进。
I’ll get my cellphne repaired tmrrw.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的手机。
keep＋宾语＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(ding sth.使……一直做某事主动、进行,dne使……被做被动))
I’m srry t have kept yu waiting s lng.
对不起，让你久等了。
She kept her eyes shut and stayed where she was.
她紧闭双眼，待在原地未动。
(3)with复合结构中宾语补足语的比较
with＋eq \b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\c1(sb. /sth. ding主动、进行,sth. dne被动、完成,sth. t d表示将来))
WeChat is like a public netwrk，with peple sharing infrmatin publicly；whatever they say r publish can be seen by everybdy.
微信像是一个公开网络，人们公开分享信息，不管他们说什么、发布什么，大家都可以看到。
With a great weight taken ff her mind，she passed all the tests successfully.
由于放下了极大的思想包袱，她成功地通过了所有考试。
With a lt f wrk t d，she wasn’t allwed t leave her ffice.
由于有许多工作要做，她不被允许离开办公室。
二、过去分词作定语
1．过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。
The plluted water was t blame fr the spread f chlera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
The cured animals will be released sn.
痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
[名师点津] ①有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语放在所修饰的名词之后，如left(剩余的)，given(所给的)，cncerned(有关的)等。
There are few tigers left.It is time fr the departments cncerned t take measures t prtect them frm dying ut.剩余的老虎不多了，是相关当局采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/sme/any/n与thing/bdy/ne所构成的复合代词或指示代词thse等，单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything unslved?
还有什么没解决的吗？
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a muntainus area，there were a ttal f 173 sheep killed almst immediately(＝which were killed almst immediately) when lightning struck.
上周二在一个山区，当雷击发生时有173只羊即刻被雷电击死。
2．过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语，在语态上表示被动；在时间上，常表示动作已经发生或完成，有时也不表示时间性。
Trucks and buses were driven n gas carried in large bags n the rf.(表示被动)
卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气，煤气装在车顶上的大袋中。
The plan put frward at the meeting will be carried ut sn.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语，它不表示被动意义，只强调动作完成。
Our retired sccer cach went t watch us play a game last week.
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
The risen sun is shining brightly in the mrning.
早上已升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀。
3．过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
As we all knw，China is a develping cuntry.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
The visitr came frm a develped cuntry.
这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4．过去分词(dne)、现在分词的被动语态(being dne)与动词不定式的被动语态(t be dne)作定语的区别
The building built last year is ur classrm building.去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building being built nw is ur classrm building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
The building t be built next mnth is ur classrm building.
下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mst clleges nw ffer first-year students a curse specially designed(design) t help them succeed academically and persnally.(2019·天津)
2．He walked int the rm quietly in rder nt t make himself nticed(ntice)．
3．China’s image is imprving steadily，with mre cuntries recgnizing its rle in internatinal affairs.(2019·江苏)
4．One study in America fund that students’ grades imprved(imprve) a little after the schl intrduced unifrms.(2019·浙江)
5．The villagers saw the fire burning brightly in the distance.When they hurried there，they fund sme huses burned/burnt t the grund already.(burn)
6．On the bank f the river，we fund him lying(lie) n a bench，with his eyes fixed(fix) n a kite in the sky.
7．Data cllected(cllect) frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed，with very lw errr rates.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
8．There are still many prblems t be slved(slve) befre we are ready fr a lng stay n the Mn.
9．Earth Day，marked(mark)n 22 April，is an annual event aiming t raise public awareness abut envirnmental prtectin.(2019·北京)
10．Even thugh it is still in summer，there are many fallen(fall) leaves n the grund.
Ⅱ.完成句子
11．The players selected frm the whle cuntry are expected t bring us hnr in this summer game.
人们期待这些选拔于全国的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。
12．As fr the phenmenn mentined abve，sme peple supprt it while thers d nt.
关于上文提到的现象，有些人支持，而有些人反对。
13．Nwadays，mre and mre peple like t hunt fr what they want at and have them delivered by the express cmpany.
现在，越来越多的人喜欢在淘宝网上“淘”东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。
14．If yu want t make yurself respected，yu are abve all t respect yurself.
如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重自己。
15．When he wke up，he fund himself surrunded by a grup f children.
当他醒来时，他发觉一群孩子围着他。
基础巩固
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．The manager was satisfied t see many new prducts develped(develp) after great effrt.
2．Befre the shw，hundreds f excited(excite) visitrs waited in their seats eagerly.
3．In the jb interviews，sme applicants ften find themselves asked(ask) unexpected questins，sme very difficult t answer.
4．—D yu think yu culd get this package mailed(mail) fr me，please?
—N prblem!
5．With the wrk finished(finish)，they went t the seaside fr a hliday.
6．The plice prmised that they wuld keep the relatives f the victim infrmed(infrm) f everything abut the investigatin.
7．The girl answered the questin in such a lw vice that she culdn’t make herself heard(hear) by thers.
8．We fund urselves shcked(shck) by the large number f visitrs.
Ⅱ.单句写作
9．我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。
I am very interested in nvels written by Jin Yng.
10．在回家的路上她发现项链不见了。
She fund her necklace gne n her way hme.
11．当他醒来时，他发现自己被一群孩子围着。(find)
When he wke up，he fund himself surrunded by a grup f children.
12．那是些历史遗留问题。
These are prblems left ver by histry.
13．解决这一问题的关键就是满足顾客提出的要求。
They key t slving the prblem is t meet the demands made by the custmers.
能力提升
Ⅲ.阅读理解
A
(2019·黑龙江鹤岗一中高一下期末)
Living in a freign culture can be exciting，but it can als be cnfusing(令人迷惑的)．A grup f Americans wh taught English in ther cuntries recently discussed their experiences.They fund that miscmmunicatin was always pssible，even ver smething as simple as “yes” and “n”．
On her first day in Micrnesia，an island in the Pacific，Lisa thught peple weren’t paying any attentin t her.The day was ht.She went int a stre and asked，“D yu have cld drinks？” The wman there didn’t say anything.Lisa repeated the questin.Still the wman said nthing.She later learned that the wman had answered her.She had raised her eyebrws(眉毛)，which in Micrnesia means “yes”．
Jan remembered an experience she had in Bulgaria，a cuntry in Eurpe.She went t a restaurant that was famus fr its cabbage.She asked the waiter，“D yu have cabbage tday？” He ndded his head.Jan waited，but the cabbage never came.In that cuntry，a nd means “n”．
Tm had a similar prblem when he arrived in India.After explaining smething in class，he asked his students if they understd.They answered with many different nds and shakes f the head.He thught sme peple had nt understd，s he explained again.When he asked again，they did the same thing.He sn fund ut that his students did understand.In India，peple nd and shake their heads in different ways depending n where they cme frm.Yu have t knw where a persn is frm t understand whether they mean “yes” r “n”．
14．The Americans teaching English in ther cuntries fund that they .
A．had prblems with cmmunicatin
B．needed t learn freign languages
C．shuld ften discuss their experiences
D．shuld g abrad fr vacatins
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“They fund that miscmmunicatin was always pssible，even ver smething as simple as ‘yes’ and ‘n’．”可知，在外国教英语的美国人发现像“是”和“不是”这样简单的沟通失误时有发生，也就是他们发现沟通有问题，故选A项。
15．Peple in Micrnesia shw “yes” by .
A．ndding heads
B．raising eyebrws
C．shaking heads
D．saying “n”
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She had raised her eyebrws(眉毛)，which in Micrnesia means ‘yes’．”可知，密克罗尼西亚人用抬眉毛表示“是”，故B项正确。
16．Tm misunderstd his class at first because .
A．he didn’t knw where the students came frm
B．he didn’t explain everything clearly enugh
C．sme students didn’t understand his questins
D．he did nt knw much abut Indian culture
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In India，peple nd and shake their heads in different ways depending n where they cme frm.Yu have t knw where a persn is frm t understand whether they mean ‘yes’ r ‘n’．”可知，Tm最初误解了学生们的意思是因为他不了解印度的文化，故D项正确。
17．Which f the fllwing is TRUE accrding t this passage?
A．In Bulgaria，ndding heads means “n”．
B．Jan taught English n a Pacific island.
C．Lisa was trying t buy sme cabbage.
D．In India，nly shaking heads means “yes”．
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In that cuntry，a nd means ‘n’”可知，在保加利亚，点头意味着“不是”，故A项正确。
B
A snwbarder was feeling lucky t be alive yesterday after a helicpter rescue(直升机营救)．
Ben Akintla,30，was snwbarding in the French Alps under a clear blue sky in the afternn when a large amunt f snw fell dwn the side f the muntain.He didn’t have time t escape (逃脱) and it hit him with full frce and kncked him senseless.
He wke in the middle f the night in ttal darkness.He was lying n an icy rck.Amazingly，he still had a mbile phne signal(信号)，s he called a friend a thusand kilmeters away in Britain.His friend called the French rescue services.
“I was waiting fr what seemed like hurs n that rck.I was beginning t give up hpe when I heard the sund f a helicpter.It was circling arund in the darkness，lking fr me.I was trying my best t wave my mbile arund.Frtunately the helicpter pilt saw the light.”
“I was verjyed when the helicpter headed my way.It stayed abve me and began lwering a rpe.”
Ben was in hspital last night but he was nt being treated fr any serius injuries.He’s lking frward t ging hme tday.
The French rescue services said：“We were very pleased that we were able t save Ben.The risk f snwslide ff-piste(非滑雪场地的) is much higher at this time f year.All snwbarders and skiers shuld stay n the ski runs and nt g ff-piste.Ben was very lucky.”
18．What happened t Ben?
A．He gt lst in the French Alps.
B．He had a snwbarding accident.
C．He was separated frm his friends.
D．He was kncked dwn by falling rcks.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He didn’t have time t escape(逃脱) and it hit him with full frce and kncked him senseless.”以及文章接下来描述的内容可知，Ben在阿尔卑斯山的法国区域出了事故。
19．The French rescue services learned abut Ben’s difficulty .
A．frm his friend
B．in the early afternn
C．after receiving his call
D．when seeing his mbile
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段末句“His friend called the French rescue services.”可知答案。
20．Hw did Ben feel abut the wait?
A．It made him strng in the darkness.
B．It caused him t hpe fr the best.
C．It was shrter than he expected.
D．It was a little discuraging.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I was waiting fr what seemed like hurs n that rck.I was beginning t give up hpe...”可知，Ben 在漫长的等待过程中开始有点灰心和失望。
21．What’s the best title fr the text?
A．A Lucky Escape
B．A Rcky Muntain
C．Risks f Snwbarding
D．French Rescue Services
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。文章首段“A snwbarder was feeling lucky t be alive yesterday after a helicpter rescue (直升机营救)．”为全文的中心思想，下文围绕此话题展开叙述。由此可知，A项作标题合适。
Ⅳ.七选五
Rugby(英式橄榄球) lks like a mixture f sccer and American ftball.In rugby，players carry the ball，kick the ball and tackle(拦截) ne anther.Men，wmen and children play it in mre than 120 cuntries.
22 One f the schl’s students，a yung man named Willian Webb Ellis，was playing in a sccer match.But he gt bred with just kicking the ball，s he picked it up and ran with it. 23 When the schl’s students finished their studies，they mved t ther parts f Britain，taking the new game，which they called rugby，with them.Befre lng，they and thers set up rugby clubs thrughut Britain and in ther cuntries.
By the 1870s，there were many rugby clubs in Britain and elsewhere，but they weren’t all playing rugby the same way. 24 They als funded an assciatin f rugby teams，called the Rugby Ftball Unin(RFU)．
Tday，Rugby Unin Wrld Cup turnaments are held every fur years. 25 The 2019 Rugby Wrld Cup will be hsted by Japan.Thusands f fans will travel t attend the matches and cheer n their favrite teams.Believe it r nt，nt ne team wh’s wn the Rugby Wrld Cup has managed t win the next Wrld Cup！But players and fans dn’t mind. 26
A．They just enjy the game.
B．A rugby team has tw kinds f players.
C．The crwd cheers and shuts as tw 15-man teams take the field.
D．Rugby was invented in 1823 at a schl in the twn f Rugby，England.
E．The first ne tk place in 1987 with Australia and New Zealand hsting.
F．Befre lng，this new way f playing sccer became ppular at the schl.
G．T slve this prblem，players frm twenty-tw teams met and agreed n fficial rugby rules.
eq \x(语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英式橄榄球的起源及发展。)
22．答案 D
解析 本段主要介绍了一位名叫威廉的年轻人修改足球的比赛规则，发明了橄榄球这项运动。D项“橄榄球发明于1823年英格兰拉格比镇的一个学校里”，讲述这项运动的起源，符合语境。
23．答案 F
解析 空格后讲到学校的学生们毕业后将橄榄球带到了英国各地，由此可知，威廉这种玩足球的新方法在学校流行了起来，故选F。
24．答案 G
解析 空格前讲到当时橄榄球运动并没有统一的规则，G项中的“this prblem”指代上文提到的“they weren’t all playing rugby the same way”这一问题。
25．答案 E
解析 本段介绍了橄榄球世界杯的历史。E项“第一届橄榄球世界杯于1987年在澳大利亚和新西兰举办”符合语境。
26．答案 A
解析 上文提到球员和球迷并不在意冠军队是否能在下一届世界杯卫冕，A项“他们只是享受比赛”紧承上文。1．Mst peple just use the shrtened name：“the United Kingdm” r “the UK”．
2．They use the same flag，knwn as the Unin Jack，as well as share the same currency and military defence.
3．They had castles built all arund England，and made changes t the legal system.
4．The peaceful landscape f the “Emerald Isle” and its many green cunties is a true feast fr the eyes，with its rlling green hills dtted with sheep and cattle.
5．Judy and I had ur car parked in an undergrund car park near Trafalgar Square，where we culd get ur car battery charged.
6．When we finally reached the service desk t ask fr audi guides，we heard it annunced that there were n audi guides left.
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语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同文化下的人们表达“是”或“不是”的方式也不同。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了一名滑雪者在阿尔卑斯山遭遇雪崩后被营救的故事。