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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book3Module3
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基础知识默写
1.disaster n.灾难
2.experience vt.& n.经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的→inexperienced(反)adj.没有经验的
3.cause vt.引起；导致 n.原因；事业
4.bury vt.埋葬；专心致志于→burial n.埋葬
5.occur vi.发生→occurred(过去式)→occurred(过去分词)→occurrence n.发生；出现
6.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence n.暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地
7.strike vt.& n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打击；罢工→struck(过去式)→struck/stricken(过去分词)
8.ruin vt.毁坏 n.毁坏；废墟；破败不堪→ruined adj.毁坏了的；严重受损的
9.sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sad adj.伤心的；不幸的→sadness n.伤心；悲伤
10.earthquake n.地震
11.terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrify vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓
12.thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的→thank vt.&n.感激；感谢
13.worldwide adj.全世界的
14.luckily/fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky/fortunate adj.幸运的→luck/fortune n.运气；幸运
15.hopefully adv.满怀希望地→hopeful adj.充满希望的→hope vt.&n.希望
16.possibility n.可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
17.active adj.积极的；活跃的→activity n.活跃；活动
18.damage n.&v.损失；损害
19.flood n.洪水
20.previous adj.以前的→previously adv.之前地，以前地
21.warning n.警告→warn v.警告
22.furniture n.家具→furnish vt.布置；提供→furnished adj.配有家具的
23.wave n.波浪 v.挥手，招手
24.erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n.(火山)喷发
25.refer to 参考；提及；指的是
26.pick up卷起；捡起；(用车)接；情况好转；(偶然)习得；接收(信号)
27.put down写下；记下；放下；镇压
28.take off起飞；脱下(衣服)
29.on average平均起来
30.end up结果为……，以……结束
31.set fire to放火(焚烧)……
32.catch fire 着火
33.put out扑灭(火)
34.take place发生
35.plenty of 许多，大量
36.in all总共；总计
37.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
38.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
39.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。
40.When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的浪潮，这种浪潮会淹没半个岛屿。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster(灾难).
(2018·浙江)
2.All have caused(导致) many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3.Yet with the institution of the worldwide(全世界的) ban on whaling，whales appear to have recovered.
4.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher could result in damage(损失) to personal property.
(2018·天津)
5.Who would want to ruin(毁坏) their good workout by eating junk food？(2018·全国Ⅱ)
6.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible(possible) for him to find the trail again.(2016·北京)
7.I felt terrified(terrify) with my eyes blindfolded(被蒙上眼)，as if I would lose everything，so I wept loud.
8.Luckily(luck)，I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead(全力以赴).(2016·北京)
9.The most hopeful(hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning (warn).(2018·全国Ⅲ)
11.This makes a fun activity(active) for a children’s party.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent(violence) films because they might imitate the things they see.(2018·江苏)
13.Previously(previous) volunteering at soup kitchens，the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
14.The woman turned around to hide her sadness(sad) when she saw us.
15.Look at everything you still have and be thankful(thank) for all of the good in your life.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
As news spread throughout the world that hurricane Katrina 1.took place in New Orleans and the city turned into ruins，many Americans began to think how a natural disaster 2. ended up becoming a human disaster.
A reporter from Yahoo News 3.put down a comment，saying the nation was betraying its original spirit started by its founders.4.On average，it was science and education that the nation put first.However,5.plenty of the area’s wetlands had been destroyed，so New Orleans was too weak to protect itself.According to the data 6.referred to，the local people were to blame.
Here is another example—forest fire.Although some forest 7.catch fire because of natural factors including lightning，the biggest cause is manrelated actions.In February a man 8.set fire to the forest in Yunnan Province on purpose.Every year，forest fires across the world destroy large areas and kill many people.It is really difficult to 9.put out the fire，especially during the windy days.Sometimes，even the emergency planes 10.take off in the high sky to help the rescue work.Even though the situation would 11.pick up eventually，the loss is usually huge 12.in all.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Leave the door open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not.(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2017·全国Ⅱ)
当你有空闲时间交谈时，就让门开着；如果你没有，就关上门。
2.A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
从国外引进大量新机器，结果产量增加了。
3.By the time I got to the school gate，I realized I had left my book in the café.(by the time引导的时间状语从句)
当我到学校门口时，我意识到我把书落在咖啡馆了。
4.There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.(before引导的时间状语从句)
距离你最喜欢的乐队现场表演只剩一天了。
5.There is a/the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.(possibility)(2017·北京)
有一种可能是，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长实现我们真正想要的东西以外的其他东西。
1.“自然灾害”集合
(1)tornado n.龙卷风
(2)snowstorm n.暴风雪
(3)storm n.暴风雨
(4)drought n.干旱
(5)tsunami n.海啸
(6)landslide n.滑坡
2.“打”的各式各样
(1)strike v.&n.敲击；打击
(2)hit v.打击；袭击
(3)beat v.敲击；打败
(4)tap v.轻敲；轻拍；轻打
(5)knock v.&n.敲；打；敲击
3.“积极”与“不积极”
(1)active adj.积极的；主动的→passive adj.被动的；消极的
(2)positive adj.积极的；肯定的→negative adj.消极的；否定的
(3)optimistic adj.乐观的；积极的→pessimistic adj.悲观的；厌世的
4.all短语小结
(1)in all总共；总计
(2)above all最重要的是
(3)after all毕竟；终究
(4)first of all首先
(5)at all(否定句)一点儿也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
(6)all in all总的说来
experience n.经验；经历
v.体验；经历
(1)by/from experience凭经验
have experience of/in doing...有做……的经验
(2)experienced adj.有经验的
be experienced at/in对……有经验
(1)He is an experienced teacher and he has much experience in teaching.
他是个有经验的老师，有丰富的教学经验。
(2)He is very experienced in/at looking after animals.
他对养动物很有经验。
(3)She found from experience that it was better to trust nobody.经验告诉她，谁都不可靠。
易错点拨 experience表示抽象意义的“经验”“体验”时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“经历”“感受”时，是可数名词。表示“做某事的经验”时，experience后通常不接不定式，而接of/in doing sth.。
cause n.原因；起因；理由；根据；事业
v.使发生；造成；引起；导致
(1)the cause of ……的原因
cause and effect因果关系
(2)cause sb.sth.＝cause sth.for/to sb.给某人引来某事
cause sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
(1)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.(2018·北京)
(2)What caused her to change(change) her mind?
(3)I sincerely apologize to you for any inconvenience caused(cause) by the unexpected change.
(2018·山西太原二模)
(4)[同义句改写] The child caused his parents a lot of trouble.
→The child caused a lot of trouble for/to his parents.
易错点拨 cause后可接不定式作宾补，但不接形容词作宾补。
bury sth.in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in埋头于，专心于
be buried in专心于
(1)He walked slowly，his hands buried(bury) in his pocket.
(2)She sat there，buried in thought(陷入了沉思).
[句式升级]
(3)Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Buried in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(1)sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事
It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……
(2)occurrence n.出现；发生；事件
(1)Sometimes even routine occurrences(occur) become sources of preanger，or anger itself.
(2018·北京)
(2)It didn’t occur to her to ask(ask) for help.
(3)[同义句改写] When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
→When I got home，it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.
[联想发散] 表示“某人想起……”的句式还有：
sth.strikes/hits sb.，sb.hits/strikes on sth.，sth.comes to sb.，sth.comes into one’s mind等。
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响，报(时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某
人以……)印象；突然想起
n.罢工；袭击
(1)be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起
sth.strikes sb.(＝sb.strikes on sth.)某人想到……
(2)be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
(3)striking adj.显著的；突出的；惹人注目的
[写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思]
(1)The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲
(2)He hit me，so I struck him back.打
(3)The girl struck a match and lit a candle.擦(火柴)
(4)They have been on strike for several days.罢工
(5)I struck on a good idea yesterday.突然想起
[单句语法填空]
(6)Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.
(7)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
ruin n.毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟
v.毁坏；使破产
(1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己
(1)These images wouldn’t get ruined(ruin) by water.(2018·四川双流中学二模)
(2)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(成了一片废墟).(2016·北京)
[句式升级]
(3)It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
It rained for two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.
(1)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.(2018·天津)
(2)Natalie’s school was so damaged(damage) that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
(3)Actually，severe damage done(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.
(4)The earthquake caused/did damage to property estimated at $6 million.
地震造成大约600万美元的财产损失。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中damage的汉语意思
(5)He claimed damages for his lost goods. A
A.赔偿费 B.损害 C.破坏
[写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思]
(1)Jack picked up his hat and went out.捡起，拿起
(2)It is necessary to use a shortwave radio to pick up the programmes.(在无线电中)收听，接收
(3)He’ll pick you up after he finishes his work.(用车)接
(4)She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.(尤指偶然地)学会，掌握
(5)His old father is beginning to pick up now.好转；恢复健康
(6)Suddenly the train began to pick up speed.加快
end up with...以……结束/告终
end up as...最后成为……
end up doing sth.最终做了某事
end up＋形容词/介词短语 最终处于……状态
(1)The conference ended up signing(sign) no agreement.
(2)The party ended up with a beautiful song.
(3)He’ll end up in prison(锒铛入狱) if he’s not careful.
put aside把……放在一边；撇开；储存
put away把……收起；放好；储存；处理掉；抛弃；放弃
put down记下；记载；镇压；平定
put forward提出；推荐；把(时针等)向前拨
put into把……放进……；把……翻译成
put up公布；张贴；举起；抬起；建造
put up with忍受；容忍；经受
[根据语境用put短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.
(2)Considering your salary，you should put aside at least 100 dollars a week.
(3)The little boy always listens to the teacher very carefully in class.He can put down almost every word his Chinese teacher says.
(4)Plans were put forward to pull down and rebuild the area at the meeting last night.
(5)Varieties of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of feeding readers’ appetite for specific knowledge.
They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
leave可用作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”，常跟复合宾语，具体构成如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词，宾语与宾语补足语之间如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词：如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式(表将来的动作)
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
(1)Unfortunately，his father died，leaving the family very poor.
不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境非常贫穷。
(2)On hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the door unlocked.
听到这个坏消息，他没锁门就匆忙赶回家了。
(3)Always leave things where you can find them without effort.总是要把东西放在最容易找到的地方。
(4)We should not leave the tap water running or waste materials in the laboratory class.
在实验课上，我们不应该忘记关水龙头或者浪费材料。
On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”的结果，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示“出乎意料”的结果。
(1)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.
(2016·北京)
新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
(2)He took the new book home and eagerly opened it，only to find that every page was blank.他把这本新书带回家，急忙打开，却发现每一页都是空白的。
(3)该活动通过最优秀的园艺展览来庆祝其22周年，使它成为园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred(occur) to me.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick(pick) up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the selfdriving minibus.(2018·北京)
3．Just before September，Miller was struck/stricken(strike) by a car and lost his right arm.
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
4．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins(ruin)，the city took on a new look.
5．The possibility(possible) that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
6．What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced(experience) in the past.
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
7．The reason why the remains of buildings were left buried(bury) under the sand is a mystery.
8．Overuse of computer will contribute to the failure of our eyesight，which serves as a warning to all.
9．These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are quite common，causing(cause) serious harm to our life and the environment.
10．The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于地震)
1．2017年8月8日，一场大地震袭击了九寨沟，造成了严重的损害。(v.ing作结果状语)
2．地震发生后，当地的建筑沦为废墟，很多人，包括游客，被困埋在建筑物下。
3．全世界的人们都对九寨沟发生的事感到震惊，因为地震毁坏了整个九寨沟县曾经最具吸引力的自然美景。(what引导的主语从句和宾语从句；used to do)
4．专家警告，很有可能这些美景不可恢复。(There is a possibility that...)
5．幸好，地震一发生，人们和全世界的组织纷纷伸出援手。(the minute引导的时间状语从句)
6．并非所有的希望都没有了，因此人们对将来逐渐充满希望。(部分否定)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
On August 8,2017,11.a big earthquake struck Jiuzhaigou，causing serious damage.After the earthquake，12.the local buildings lay in ruins and many people，13.including the tourists，were buried and trapped under the buildings.14.What occurred in Jiuzhaigou shocked the world，because 15.the earthquake destroyed what used to be the most attractive natural beauty in Jiuzhaigou county.Some experts 16.warned there is a possibility that it cannot be restored.17.Thankfully，people and worldwide organisation offered their generous help the minute it took place.18.Not all hope was lost.19.Therefore，people were gradually hopeful about their future.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人感情 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)
Located in the checkroom in Union Station as I am，I see everybody that comes up the stairs.
Harry came in a little over three years ago and waited for the passengers from the 9∶05 train.
I remember seeing Harry that first evening.He wasn’t much more than a thin，anxious kid then and I knew he was meeting his girlfriend and that they would be married twenty minutes after she arrived.The passengers came up and I had to get busy.I didn’t look toward the stairs again until it was nearly time for the 9∶18 train and I was very surprised to see that the young fellow was still there.
She didn’t come on the 9∶18 either，nor on the 9∶40，and when the passengers from the 10∶02 had all arrived and left，Harry was looking pretty desperate.He showed me the telegram he’d received：ARRIVE THURSDAY.MEET ME STATION.LOVE YOU.MAY.
Harry met every train for the next three or four days，but in vain.
Then came yesterday.I heard a cry and found that it was from Harry.He grabbed a girl who was small and dark.For a while they just hung there to each other laughing and crying and saying things without meaning.She’d say a few words like，“It was the bus station I meant” and he’d kiss her speechless and tell her the many things he had done to find her.What apparently had happened three years ago was that May had come by bus，not by train，and in her telegram she meant “bus station”， not “railroad station”．She had waited at the bus station for days and had spent all her money trying to find Harry.Finally she got a job typing.
“What？” said Harry.“Have you been working in town？All the time？”
She nodded.
“Didn’t you ever come down here to the station？” He pointed across to a magazine stand.“I’ve been there all the time.I own it.I’ve watched everybody that came up the stairs.”
She began to look a little pale.Pretty soon she looked over at the stairs and said in a weak voice，“I never came up the stairs before.Harry，for three years，for three solid years，I’ve been right over there working right in this very station，typing，in the office of the stationmaster.”
语篇解读 这是一篇故事类记叙文。文章讲述了两个年轻人，因为对电报中所传达信息的误解而造成了三年的等待，最终他们等来了幸福的相遇，浪漫的道路充满曲折。
20．Why did Harry look desperate?
A．Because he missed the train that he should take.
B．Because the train he waited for didn’t come.
C．Because his girlfriend didn’t turn up.
D．Because his girlfriend arrived late.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“She didn’t come on the 9∶18 either，nor on the 9∶40，and when the passengers from the 10∶02 had all arrived and left，Harry was looking pretty desperate.”可知，因为哈利的女朋友一直没有出现，因此他感到绝望，因此C项符合文意。故选C。
21．We can infer from the passage that .
A．the girl’s name is May
B．the girl arrived by bus yesterday
C．Harry was quite strong when he first arrived here
D．Harry worked in the office of the stationmaster
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段电报的落款及文章第六段中的“What apparently had happened three years ago was that May had come by bus，not by train，and in her telegram...”可以推测出女孩的名字叫“May”。故选A。
22．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Missing the Train
B．Detour to Romance
C．Harry’s Anxiety
D．The Small and Dark Girl
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了两个年轻人因为对电报中所传达信息的误解而造成了三年的等待，最后终于等来幸福的相遇的故事，因此B项符合。故选B。
话题：天气 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·云南曲靖质检)
MIAMI—Florence，currently a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph，is prepared to strengthen to a hurricane toward the U．S.East Coast，the National Hurricane Center said on Friday.Over the next few days，the storm could strengthen as fast as it has weakened and head toward the East Coast as strong as a Category 4 hurricane，CBS New York meteorologist Lonnie Quinn said.
As of 8 p．m.Friday，Florence was located about 1,405 miles southeast of Bermuda.The storm is affecting Bermuda and is expected to hit the U．S.East Coast over the weekend.
“The storm’s unpredictable path means it could hit anywhere along the southeastern U．S.，”Quinn said.“With the current data，it looks like the storm is most likely to hit North or South Carolina.”
On Friday，North Carolina Gov.Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency.“While it’s still too early to know the storm’s path，we know we have to be prepared，” Cooper said.And CBS Raleigh affiliate WNCN reports，“During harvest，time is of the essence.Action today can avoid losses due to Florence.”
“Depending on the strength of the storm at that time，such a landfall could cause wind damage，coastal storm surge and inland flooding from torrential rainfall.The flood risk would be even higher for areas in the eastern U．S.that have seen rounds of heavy rain in recent weeks，” said Lonnie Quinn.
The atmospheric conditions may allow Florence to regain its former strength.The storm will reach major hurricane status on next Wednesday，peaking with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph.
语篇解读 本文属于新闻报道。报道了美国迈阿密发生的飓风的情况及其严重影响，对此，政府相关工作人员采取了一系列应急措施。
23．Where is this passage most probably taken from?
A．Newspaper. B．Magazine.
C．Science report. D．Weather broadcast.
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。由全文内容尤其是第一段开头“MIAMI—Florence”可推测出本文是一篇新闻报道。故选A。
24．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The tropical storm in Florence will disappear over the next few days.
B．The storm will hit the U．S.West Coast over the weekend.
C．The storm won’t cause any losses to Florence.
D．The path of the storm is unknown in advance.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第三段的“The storm’s unpredictable path means it could hit anywhere along the southeastern U．S.”可知，风暴的路径是未知的。故选D。
25．What does Cooper suggest people do?
A．Stay alarmed all the time.
B．Make everything ready for the coming hurricane.
C．Delay the time of harvest.
D．Abandon their home and run away.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句Cooper说的话“While it’s still too early to know the storm’s path，we know we have to be prepared”可知，人们需要为即将到来的飓风做好一切准备。故选B。
26．What may be the most severe consequence caused by the storm?
A．Wind damage. B．Coastal rat storm.
C．Inland flood. D．Landslide.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第五段第二句“The flood risk would be even higher for areas in the eastern U．S.that have seen rounds of heavy rain in recent weeks...”可知，风暴造成最严重的后果可能是内陆洪水。故选C。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·安徽皖南八校联考)
Human brains begin growing and developing at a very young age.They learn from the simplest experiences，which enable your children to be aware of the world.There’s no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!
Times when children have to wait for their turns on playground equipment and following the playground rules by sharing，all these form components of a healthy socialemotional development.Young children develop their socialemotional skills through practice and small steps over time.
As parents or caregivers，it is fairly simple to support your child’s socialemotional skills.Acts like holding him，touching him，speaking to him and giving him loving care and attention are all helping factors.When you allow them freedom to play，it is important to follow their interests in helping build their socialemotional skills.
Difficulties in socialemotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.Becoming easily angry or not empathizing(理解)with other children are all signs that may point in this direction.This can in turn lead to them not empathizing with the needs of other children.
As for the development of cognitive(认知的) skills，these develop through practice and opportunity over time.And while some cognitive skills may be genetic，most are learned through real life situations.In other words，learning and thinking skills can be improved through experiences.
To enable them to learn，it is important that we are mindful of what our children are interested in.And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough time to grow and explore.
Depriving children of such experiences can mean that they might struggle with higherlevel thinking skills.And while it is normal to keep them safe，we forget that by rushing them and cutting down on play time，we’re actually causing more harm than good.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。通过分析户外玩耍对孩子的成长的利与弊，劝说家长让孩子在户外玩耍。
27．What can playing with other children greatly help children do?
A．Learn from other children.
B．Develop their social emotion.
C．Promote their personal hobbies.
D．Help them to control their emotion.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Young children develop their socialemotional skills through practice and small steps over time.”及第三段最后一句“When you allow them freedom to play，it is important to follow their interests in helping build their socialemotional skills.”可知，当孩子们玩耍时可帮助他们培养社交情感技能。故选B。
28．What usually brings trouble to a child while playing with other children?
A．Not understanding others.
B．Caring too much about others.
C．Lacking socialemotional skills.
D．Being more selfish than selfless.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Difficulties in socialemotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.”可知，社交情感技巧的缺乏往往会导致孩子与其他孩子玩耍时有困难。故选C。
29．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To call on us to promotes children’s interest.
B．To show us the importance of social emotions.
C．To tell us how to improve children’s social emotions.
D．To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors.
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者花了大量篇幅来说明孩子参加各种户外活动的好处。所以文章的主要目的是劝说父母允许孩子在户外玩耍。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·黑龙江哈师大附中四模)
A conversation with a good listener is like a good meal—we walk away feeling satisfied and happy. 30 Here are 4 ways to make your conversation partner feel like you’re fully tuned in to their personal radio station.
31
Making your conversation partner feel safe starts with two things：an open mind and keeping judgment to yourself.Just as immersing(沉浸) yourself in a novel requires suspension of disbelief，immersing yourself in listening requires suspension of opinions or advice.While judgments may appear into your head，set them to the side.
Ask questions to follow your natural curiosity.
When you’re interested，ask questions. 32 Ask for examples.Ask for details.Following your natural curiosity by asking questions not only shows you are listening and interested，but almost always produces an interesting story.
Listen with your whole body.
In many a kindergarten classroom，teachers emphasize something called “whole body listening”．It goes like this：use your eyes to watch nonverbal(非语言)，your brain to think about what is being said，your heart to feel emotions and keep the rest of your body quiet to show respect.But many of us lose it over time，especially as life gets busy.The result? We often try to multitask while listening. 33
Validate(使生效) with simple phrases.
Keep in your back pocket some validating words and phrases to show you’ve heard someone.
“Of course.” “That makes sense.” “Naturally.” “Clearly.” “For sure.” 34 In conversation，combining those little phrases：“Of course you feel that way.” or “That makes total sense.” doesn’t necessarily convey agreement，but it does convey something even bigger：acceptance.
A．Create safety.
B．Devote yourself to listening.
C．It’s appealing to talk about your own experience.
D．We halflisten while getting things done or staring at a screen.
E．Think like a journalist and ask what，when，where，why or how.
F．But being a good listener goes way beyond just not interrupting or nodding your head.
G．All of these statements confirm a person’s experience or feelings as worthy and accepted.
30．答案 F
解析 上句提到“和一个好的倾听者交谈就像一顿美餐——我们离开时感到满足和快乐。”再根据下文提示“这里有4种方法可以让你的谈话对象感觉你已经完全收听了他们的个人电台。”承接上下文，F项“但是，做一个好的倾听者不仅仅是不插嘴或只点头。”切题。此处的关键词是listener。
31．答案 A
解析 此空是小标题，应该用短小精悍的句子。根据下文提到的“让你的谈话对象感到安全，从两件事开始：……”承接下文，A项中的safety与下文中的safe对应。
32．答案 E
解析 上文提到“当你感兴趣的时候，问问题。”承接上文，E项“像记者一样思考，问什么，什么时候，在哪里，为什么或怎么做。”切题。该项中的what，when，where，why or how与上文的questions对应。
33．答案 D
解析 上文提到“但随着时间的推移，我们中的许多人会失去它，尤其是当生活变得忙碌的时候。结果呢？我们经常在听的时候尝试一心多用。”承接上文，D项“我们在完成任务或盯着屏幕的时候似听非听。”切题。该项中的halflisten与multitask对应。
34．答案 G
解析 G项中的these statements与上文中的“Of course.”“That makes sense.” “Naturally.”“Clearly.”对应。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·辽宁大连、本溪高级中学联考)
It was the second time my tire had burst.This came after I 35 to find water at an abandoned station，where the caretaker 36 my bottles from his own water supply.
After 37 several miles under the burning sun，I 38 my hand and eventually a truck 39 .An old local and two Moroccans got out and 40 me to squeeze in.At last they stopped in front of a garage.
“Do you know where I can get something to 41 ？” I asked the old man.I had not yet eaten that day and was hungry.
“Nothing for miles，” was his reply，followed by an 42 to drive me somewhere.I agreed，so I left my bike at his office and jumped into a car parked outside.
“I 43 pick anyone up.” He told me.“You are the first.”
“We 44 have a name for people like you.” I said.“You’re called Road Angels.”
He smiled.
We stopped in front of a 45 .As we ate，the sky grew dark and 46 with clouds.He dropped me back to the garage，where the workers couldn’t repair my bike.The driver turned up just in 47 to once again 48 the day.“I have found a shop that sells 49 tubes and tires.I can take you there.” I jumped into his car，at the same moment a heavy rain poured down.
A 50 tire and two tubes later，the storm had rolled over.I 51 my angel and continued my journey.
Throughout the 52 ride，I found goodness and 53 everywhere.People went out of their way to help whenever I needed assistance.I hoped I would be able to 54 a little of the same kindness to whoever in trouble.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了作者自己在自行车旅行中得到很多人的帮助，他希望自己也能传递哪怕一点点善意给那些深陷困境的人。
35．A.planned B．volunteered
C．determined D．managed
答案 D
解析 这是我第二次车胎爆了。这发生在我设法在废弃车站找水之后。plan计划；volunteer志愿；determine决定；manage设法。故选D。
36．A.picked up B．sorted out
C．took out D．filled up
答案 D
解析 在我设法在废弃车站找水时，看门人给我的瓶子装满水。pick up拾起；sort out整理；take out取出；fill up装满。故选D。
37．A.walking B．riding
C．driving D．running
答案 A
解析 后面提到了他伸手拦车可见他没有开车；后面虽然提到了他有自行车但是还提到了他的自行车爆胎了，因而排除B项；他此时很累，在烈日下也不会跑。故选A。
38．A.took back B．stuck out
C．set down D．looked at
答案 B
解析 在烈日下走了几英里，我伸手拦车，想搭个便车，最后一辆卡车停下来。take back拿回；stick out伸出；set down记下；look at看。故选B。
39．A.drove by B．broke down
C．turned up D．pulled up
答案 D
解析 见上题解析。drive by驶过；break down崩溃；turn up出现；pull up停下。故选D。
40．A.invited B．forced
C．commanded D．arranged
答案 A
解析 他们下了车，邀请我上车。invite邀请；force迫使；command要求；arrange安排。故选A。
41．A.wear B．watch
C．eat D．visit
答案 C
解析 我已经一整天没吃东西了，所以问到哪里能找到吃的。故选C。
42．A.announcement B．offer
C．answer D．excuse
答案 B
解析 因为近处没有地方吃饭，所以他主动提出送我去找吃饭的地方。announcement声明；offer主动提供，提出；answer回答；excuse借口。故选B。
43．A.always B．often
C．never D．sometimes
答案 C
解析 下文说：你是第一个。可知，他应该是从来没有搭载过谁。always总是；often经常；never从来不；sometimes有时。故选C。
44．A.drivers B．motorists
C．athletes D．cyclists
答案 D
解析 前文提到了，我将自行车放下了，可知这里我自称为骑行者。driver司机；motorist摩托车手；athlete运动员；cyclist骑行者。故选D。
45．A.restaurant B．station
C．market D．harbor
答案 A
解析 前文提到老人答应带我去找吃饭的地方，所以可知我们停在一个餐馆前。restaurant餐馆；station车站；market市场；harbor港口。故选A。
46．A.packed B．heavy
C．filled D．familiar
答案 B
解析 天色变暗，乌云密布。be/get heavy with“有大量的”用来修饰clouds。故选B。
47．A.turn B．time
C．return D．case
答案 B
解析 上文提到我得到了这位司机的帮助，这里司机再次及时出现拯救了我的糟糕的一天。in turn依次，轮流；in time及时；in return作为报答；in case万一。故选B。
48．A.save B．call
C．witness D．complete
答案 A
解析 见上题解析。save挽救；call呼叫；witness见证；complete完成。故选A。
49．A.car B．truck
C．bicycle D．carriage
答案 C
解析 因为要修理我的自行车，因此应该是找到了出售自行车配件的商店。故选C。
50．A.long B．worn
C．free D．new
答案 D
解析 前文提到找到了出售自行车配件的商店，这里应该是换上了新的配件。故选D。
51．A.dropped B．visited
C．thanked D．entertained
答案 C
解析 这位司机帮助了我两次，我应该对他表示感谢。故选C。
52．A.entire B．helpless
C．fancy D．future
答案 A
解析 在我的整个旅程中，我得到了很多的帮助，所以说我在这个过程中发现了很多的善意和慷慨。entire整个的；helpless无助的；fancy奇特的；future未来的。故选A。
53．A.competence B．responsibility
C．generosity D．honesty
答案 C
解析 见上题解析。competence能力；responsibility责任；generosity慷慨；honesty诚实。故选C。
54．A.react to B．pass on
C．get across D．show off
答案 B
解析 作为别人对我帮助的回报，我希望我也能传递哪怕一点点的善意给深陷困境的人。react to对……有反应；pass on传递；get across被理解；show off炫耀。故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2019·金丽衢12校9月联考)
China used to be called the “Kingdom of Bicycles” in the 1980s and the 1990s，but since then，cars 55.have taken/have been taking(take) over the country.Because of traffic jams，56.it can be difficult to travel across major Chinese cities.Even 57.going(go) a few kilometers can take up to an hour.Now，new apps that help people use bikes are being used more and more across cities.
Cheng Li started using bike share services about six 58.months(month) ago.He said now he was using a car less and the metro(地铁) 59.more.“After I get off the metro，I usually have to walk another kilometer or two，so I’ll grab a bike share and go.It is convenient.”
For many，the best part about cycling is how easy it is to do.60.However，many of its bike share stations were not placed in convenient places.Now，it is easy to find a bike，and to register with 61.a smart phone.
Meanwhile，there is now a lot of competition among bike share providers because of their popularity.Some providers are trying to flood the streets 62.with bikes to be more visible.Sometimes there are so many bikes 63.that they completely block the sidewalks.
This has become a problem for city governments.It is not uncommon for bike users to leave bikes in the middle of the street or on the sidewalk.This blocks cars and people in already 64.crowded(crowd) cities.
A woman interviewed by the media said，“Bike sharing is really convenient，but we need take care of the problem of illegally parked bikes.”
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you haven’t seen alpaca meat(羊驼肉) on the menu yet，chances are you soon will.It is rising in popularity；about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes.Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso，whose head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish.Alejandro Saravia，a Peruvian cook at Pastuso，described the taste as similar to beef.“Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public，” he said in the video.
Famous cook Matt Moran，who owns some of Sydney’s leading restaurants，wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat.Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm，and described the flavour as “very tasty”，especially the meat from the neck.Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival，with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat，a number which has grown quickly since.
Melbourne restaurant San Telmo’s head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish，and said the response was mixed.“It was 50/50: some people said ‘oh wow—what are you cooking that for? No，thank you’ and others thought ‘this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try’．The people who tried it loved it.It’s a point of difference and people like that.”
In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur，but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry.Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(胆固醇)；it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them.Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals，and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem.
参考范文
You may soon enjoy alpaca meat because it is becoming popular.More and more restaurants are serving it for its delicious taste，which is thought highly of by cooks.About half people wanting to try it like its taste while others even refuse to try it.Alpaca meat is rich in healthbeneficial protein and raising alpacas does little harm to the environment and ecosystem，which leads to the development of the industry of feeding alpacas for meat.
基础知识默写
1.disaster n.灾难
2.experience vt.& n.经历；经验→experienced adj.有经验的→inexperienced(反)adj.没有经验的
3.cause vt.引起；导致 n.原因；事业
4.bury vt.埋葬；专心致志于→burial n.埋葬
5.occur vi.发生→occurred(过去式)→occurred(过去分词)→occurrence n.发生；出现
6.violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violence n.暴力→violently adv.猛烈地；激烈地
7.strike vt.& n.(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；打击；罢工→struck(过去式)→struck/stricken(过去分词)
8.ruin vt.毁坏 n.毁坏；废墟；破败不堪→ruined adj.毁坏了的；严重受损的
9.sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sad adj.伤心的；不幸的→sadness n.伤心；悲伤
10.earthquake n.地震
11.terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的→terrify vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓
12.thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地→thankful adj.感激的→thank vt.&n.感激；感谢
13.worldwide adj.全世界的
14.luckily/fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→lucky/fortunate adj.幸运的→luck/fortune n.运气；幸运
15.hopefully adv.满怀希望地→hopeful adj.充满希望的→hope vt.&n.希望
16.possibility n.可能；可能性→possible adj.可能的→possibly adv.可能地
17.active adj.积极的；活跃的→activity n.活跃；活动
18.damage n.&v.损失；损害
19.flood n.洪水
20.previous adj.以前的→previously adv.之前地，以前地
21.warning n.警告→warn v.警告
22.furniture n.家具→furnish vt.布置；提供→furnished adj.配有家具的
23.wave n.波浪 v.挥手，招手
24.erupt vt.(火山的)爆发；喷发→eruption n.(火山)喷发
25.refer to 参考；提及；指的是
26.pick up卷起；捡起；(用车)接；情况好转；(偶然)习得；接收(信号)
27.put down写下；记下；放下；镇压
28.take off起飞；脱下(衣服)
29.on average平均起来
30.end up结果为……，以……结束
31.set fire to放火(焚烧)……
32.catch fire 着火
33.put out扑灭(火)
34.take place发生
35.plenty of 许多，大量
36.in all总共；总计
37.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
38.On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
39.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured.
等到风停时，已有700多人死亡，2 700多人受伤。
40.When the lava reached the sea，there was the possibility of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆到达大海时，有可能引起巨大的浪潮，这种浪潮会淹没半个岛屿。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster(灾难).
(2018·浙江)
2.All have caused(导致) many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.(2018·全国Ⅰ)
3.Yet with the institution of the worldwide(全世界的) ban on whaling，whales appear to have recovered.
4.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher could result in damage(损失) to personal property.
(2018·天津)
5.Who would want to ruin(毁坏) their good workout by eating junk food？(2018·全国Ⅱ)
6.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible(possible) for him to find the trail again.(2016·北京)
7.I felt terrified(terrify) with my eyes blindfolded(被蒙上眼)，as if I would lose everything，so I wept loud.
8.Luckily(luck)，I discovered the job—Data Analyst—this month and have been going full steam ahead(全力以赴).(2016·北京)
9.The most hopeful(hope) data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
10.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning (warn).(2018·全国Ⅲ)
11.This makes a fun activity(active) for a children’s party.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
12.Kids shouldn’t have access to violent(violence) films because they might imitate the things they see.(2018·江苏)
13.Previously(previous) volunteering at soup kitchens，the Birkys were dissatisfied with the often unhealthy meals they served there.
14.The woman turned around to hide her sadness(sad) when she saw us.
15.Look at everything you still have and be thankful(thank) for all of the good in your life.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
As news spread throughout the world that hurricane Katrina 1.took place in New Orleans and the city turned into ruins，many Americans began to think how a natural disaster 2. ended up becoming a human disaster.
A reporter from Yahoo News 3.put down a comment，saying the nation was betraying its original spirit started by its founders.4.On average，it was science and education that the nation put first.However,5.plenty of the area’s wetlands had been destroyed，so New Orleans was too weak to protect itself.According to the data 6.referred to，the local people were to blame.
Here is another example—forest fire.Although some forest 7.catch fire because of natural factors including lightning，the biggest cause is manrelated actions.In February a man 8.set fire to the forest in Yunnan Province on purpose.Every year，forest fires across the world destroy large areas and kill many people.It is really difficult to 9.put out the fire，especially during the windy days.Sometimes，even the emergency planes 10.take off in the high sky to help the rescue work.Even though the situation would 11.pick up eventually，the loss is usually huge 12.in all.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1.Leave the door open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not.(leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语)(2017·全国Ⅱ)
当你有空闲时间交谈时，就让门开着；如果你没有，就关上门。
2.A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.(现在分词短语作结果状语)
从国外引进大量新机器，结果产量增加了。
3.By the time I got to the school gate，I realized I had left my book in the café.(by the time引导的时间状语从句)
当我到学校门口时，我意识到我把书落在咖啡馆了。
4.There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.(before引导的时间状语从句)
距离你最喜欢的乐队现场表演只剩一天了。
5.There is a/the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.(possibility)(2017·北京)
有一种可能是，人工智能可能会变得非常擅长实现我们真正想要的东西以外的其他东西。
1.“自然灾害”集合
(1)tornado n.龙卷风
(2)snowstorm n.暴风雪
(3)storm n.暴风雨
(4)drought n.干旱
(5)tsunami n.海啸
(6)landslide n.滑坡
2.“打”的各式各样
(1)strike v.&n.敲击；打击
(2)hit v.打击；袭击
(3)beat v.敲击；打败
(4)tap v.轻敲；轻拍；轻打
(5)knock v.&n.敲；打；敲击
3.“积极”与“不积极”
(1)active adj.积极的；主动的→passive adj.被动的；消极的
(2)positive adj.积极的；肯定的→negative adj.消极的；否定的
(3)optimistic adj.乐观的；积极的→pessimistic adj.悲观的；厌世的
4.all短语小结
(1)in all总共；总计
(2)above all最重要的是
(3)after all毕竟；终究
(4)first of all首先
(5)at all(否定句)一点儿也不；(疑问句)到底；究竟
(6)all in all总的说来
experience n.经验；经历
v.体验；经历
(1)by/from experience凭经验
have experience of/in doing...有做……的经验
(2)experienced adj.有经验的
be experienced at/in对……有经验
(1)He is an experienced teacher and he has much experience in teaching.
他是个有经验的老师，有丰富的教学经验。
(2)He is very experienced in/at looking after animals.
他对养动物很有经验。
(3)She found from experience that it was better to trust nobody.经验告诉她，谁都不可靠。
易错点拨 experience表示抽象意义的“经验”“体验”时，是不可数名词；表示具体意义的“经历”“感受”时，是可数名词。表示“做某事的经验”时，experience后通常不接不定式，而接of/in doing sth.。
cause n.原因；起因；理由；根据；事业
v.使发生；造成；引起；导致
(1)the cause of ……的原因
cause and effect因果关系
(2)cause sb.sth.＝cause sth.for/to sb.给某人引来某事
cause sb.to do sth.使某人做某事
(1)Anger seems simple when we are feeling it，but the causes of anger are various.(2018·北京)
(2)What caused her to change(change) her mind?
(3)I sincerely apologize to you for any inconvenience caused(cause) by the unexpected change.
(2018·山西太原二模)
(4)[同义句改写] The child caused his parents a lot of trouble.
→The child caused a lot of trouble for/to his parents.
易错点拨 cause后可接不定式作宾补，但不接形容词作宾补。
bury sth.in...把某物埋在……
bury oneself in埋头于，专心于
be buried in专心于
(1)He walked slowly，his hands buried(bury) in his pocket.
(2)She sat there，buried in thought(陷入了沉思).
[句式升级]
(3)Because she buried herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.
①Burying herself in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
②Buried in the film，she didn’t know it was snowing outside.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
(1)sth.occurs/occurred to sb.某人突然想起某事；某人发生某事
It occurs/occurred to sb.that.../to do...某人突然想起……
(2)occurrence n.出现；发生；事件
(1)Sometimes even routine occurrences(occur) become sources of preanger，or anger itself.
(2018·北京)
(2)It didn’t occur to her to ask(ask) for help.
(3)[同义句改写] When I got home，I suddenly remembered that I had left my book in the classroom.
→When I got home，it occurred to me that I had left my book in the classroom.
[联想发散] 表示“某人想起……”的句式还有：
sth.strikes/hits sb.，sb.hits/strikes on sth.，sth.comes to sb.，sth.comes into one’s mind等。
strike vt.& vi.(struck，struck)打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响，报(时)；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某
人以……)印象；突然想起
n.罢工；袭击
(1)be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes sb.that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起
sth.strikes sb.(＝sb.strikes on sth.)某人想到……
(2)be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
(3)striking adj.显著的；突出的；惹人注目的
[写出下列句子中strike的汉语意思]
(1)The clock has just struck 10.(钟)敲
(2)He hit me，so I struck him back.打
(3)The girl struck a match and lit a candle.擦(火柴)
(4)They have been on strike for several days.罢工
(5)I struck on a good idea yesterday.突然想起
[单句语法填空]
(6)Struck(strike) by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire the beautiful scenery.
(7)It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.
ruin n.毁坏；破产；(pl.)废墟
v.毁坏；使破产
(1)in ruins严重受损；破败不堪；崩溃，垮掉
come/fall into ruin(因缺乏照料而)衰落，败落
bring...to ruin使……失败；使……毁坏
(2)ruin oneself毁掉自己
(1)These images wouldn’t get ruined(ruin) by water.(2018·四川双流中学二模)
(2)When they returned to Rockaway the next day，they found their neighborhood in ruins(成了一片废墟).(2016·北京)
[句式升级]
(3)It rained for two weeks，which completely ruined our holiday.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
It rained for two weeks，completely ruining our holiday.
(1)Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.(2018·天津)
(2)Natalie’s school was so damaged(damage) that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.
(3)Actually，severe damage done(do) to our land is fairly recent in the history of our evolution.
(4)The earthquake caused/did damage to property estimated at $6 million.
地震造成大约600万美元的财产损失。
[熟词生义] 选择句子中damage的汉语意思
(5)He claimed damages for his lost goods. A
A.赔偿费 B.损害 C.破坏
[写出下列句子中pick up的汉语意思]
(1)Jack picked up his hat and went out.捡起，拿起
(2)It is necessary to use a shortwave radio to pick up the programmes.(在无线电中)收听，接收
(3)He’ll pick you up after he finishes his work.(用车)接
(4)She picked up Spanish when she was living in Mexico.(尤指偶然地)学会，掌握
(5)His old father is beginning to pick up now.好转；恢复健康
(6)Suddenly the train began to pick up speed.加快
end up with...以……结束/告终
end up as...最后成为……
end up doing sth.最终做了某事
end up＋形容词/介词短语 最终处于……状态
(1)The conference ended up signing(sign) no agreement.
(2)The party ended up with a beautiful song.
(3)He’ll end up in prison(锒铛入狱) if he’s not careful.
put aside把……放在一边；撇开；储存
put away把……收起；放好；储存；处理掉；抛弃；放弃
put down记下；记载；镇压；平定
put forward提出；推荐；把(时针等)向前拨
put into把……放进……；把……翻译成
put up公布；张贴；举起；抬起；建造
put up with忍受；容忍；经受
[根据语境用put短语的正确形式填空]
(1)Noise is coming to the point where we can’t put up with it.
(2)Considering your salary，you should put aside at least 100 dollars a week.
(3)The little boy always listens to the teacher very carefully in class.He can put down almost every word his Chinese teacher says.
(4)Plans were put forward to pull down and rebuild the area at the meeting last night.
(5)Varieties of magazines and research papers are put out with the aim of feeding readers’ appetite for specific knowledge.
They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
leave可用作使役动词，表示“使/让……保持某种状态”，常跟复合宾语，具体构成如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词，宾语与宾语补足语之间如果是逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词：如果是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词。
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式(表将来的动作)
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句/as引导的方式状语从句
(1)Unfortunately，his father died，leaving the family very poor.
不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境非常贫穷。
(2)On hearing the bad news，he hurried home，leaving the door unlocked.
听到这个坏消息，他没锁门就匆忙赶回家了。
(3)Always leave things where you can find them without effort.总是要把东西放在最容易找到的地方。
(4)We should not leave the tap water running or waste materials in the laboratory class.
在实验课上，我们不应该忘记关水龙头或者浪费材料。
On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1，500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡、1 500人受伤。
(1)现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”的结果，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子；逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
(2)不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示“出乎意料”的结果。
(1)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the street，turning(turn) the old town into a dreamland.
(2016·北京)
新建的小木屋沿街排成一行，将这个古老的小镇变成了一个梦幻之地。
(2)He took the new book home and eagerly opened it，only to find that every page was blank.他把这本新书带回家，急忙打开，却发现每一页都是空白的。
(3)该活动通过最优秀的园艺展览来庆祝其22周年，使它成为园艺界最受欢迎的活动之一。
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening，making it one of the most popular events in gardening.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He was unconscious and as I looked at his face，something occurred(occur) to me.
(2018·全国Ⅱ)
2．Instead of walking a few blocks to pick(pick) up a child or the dry cleaning，they send the selfdriving minibus.(2018·北京)
3．Just before September，Miller was struck/stricken(strike) by a car and lost his right arm.
(2016·全国Ⅲ)
4．Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being reduced to ruins(ruin)，the city took on a new look.
5．The possibility(possible) that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
6．What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced(experience) in the past.
(2017·全国Ⅰ)
7．The reason why the remains of buildings were left buried(bury) under the sand is a mystery.
8．Overuse of computer will contribute to the failure of our eyesight，which serves as a warning to all.
9．These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are quite common，causing(cause) serious harm to our life and the environment.
10．The young couple，who returned my lost wallet，left before I could ask for their names.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于地震)
1．2017年8月8日，一场大地震袭击了九寨沟，造成了严重的损害。(v.ing作结果状语)
2．地震发生后，当地的建筑沦为废墟，很多人，包括游客，被困埋在建筑物下。
3．全世界的人们都对九寨沟发生的事感到震惊，因为地震毁坏了整个九寨沟县曾经最具吸引力的自然美景。(what引导的主语从句和宾语从句；used to do)
4．专家警告，很有可能这些美景不可恢复。(There is a possibility that...)
5．幸好，地震一发生，人们和全世界的组织纷纷伸出援手。(the minute引导的时间状语从句)
6．并非所有的希望都没有了，因此人们对将来逐渐充满希望。(部分否定)
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
On August 8,2017,11.a big earthquake struck Jiuzhaigou，causing serious damage.After the earthquake，12.the local buildings lay in ruins and many people，13.including the tourists，were buried and trapped under the buildings.14.What occurred in Jiuzhaigou shocked the world，because 15.the earthquake destroyed what used to be the most attractive natural beauty in Jiuzhaigou county.Some experts 16.warned there is a possibility that it cannot be restored.17.Thankfully，people and worldwide organisation offered their generous help the minute it took place.18.Not all hope was lost.19.Therefore，people were gradually hopeful about their future.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：个人感情 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·黑龙江哈尔滨三中期中)
Located in the checkroom in Union Station as I am，I see everybody that comes up the stairs.
Harry came in a little over three years ago and waited for the passengers from the 9∶05 train.
I remember seeing Harry that first evening.He wasn’t much more than a thin，anxious kid then and I knew he was meeting his girlfriend and that they would be married twenty minutes after she arrived.The passengers came up and I had to get busy.I didn’t look toward the stairs again until it was nearly time for the 9∶18 train and I was very surprised to see that the young fellow was still there.
She didn’t come on the 9∶18 either，nor on the 9∶40，and when the passengers from the 10∶02 had all arrived and left，Harry was looking pretty desperate.He showed me the telegram he’d received：ARRIVE THURSDAY.MEET ME STATION.LOVE YOU.MAY.
Harry met every train for the next three or four days，but in vain.
Then came yesterday.I heard a cry and found that it was from Harry.He grabbed a girl who was small and dark.For a while they just hung there to each other laughing and crying and saying things without meaning.She’d say a few words like，“It was the bus station I meant” and he’d kiss her speechless and tell her the many things he had done to find her.What apparently had happened three years ago was that May had come by bus，not by train，and in her telegram she meant “bus station”， not “railroad station”．She had waited at the bus station for days and had spent all her money trying to find Harry.Finally she got a job typing.
“What？” said Harry.“Have you been working in town？All the time？”
She nodded.
“Didn’t you ever come down here to the station？” He pointed across to a magazine stand.“I’ve been there all the time.I own it.I’ve watched everybody that came up the stairs.”
She began to look a little pale.Pretty soon she looked over at the stairs and said in a weak voice，“I never came up the stairs before.Harry，for three years，for three solid years，I’ve been right over there working right in this very station，typing，in the office of the stationmaster.”
语篇解读 这是一篇故事类记叙文。文章讲述了两个年轻人，因为对电报中所传达信息的误解而造成了三年的等待，最终他们等来了幸福的相遇，浪漫的道路充满曲折。
20．Why did Harry look desperate?
A．Because he missed the train that he should take.
B．Because the train he waited for didn’t come.
C．Because his girlfriend didn’t turn up.
D．Because his girlfriend arrived late.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“She didn’t come on the 9∶18 either，nor on the 9∶40，and when the passengers from the 10∶02 had all arrived and left，Harry was looking pretty desperate.”可知，因为哈利的女朋友一直没有出现，因此他感到绝望，因此C项符合文意。故选C。
21．We can infer from the passage that .
A．the girl’s name is May
B．the girl arrived by bus yesterday
C．Harry was quite strong when he first arrived here
D．Harry worked in the office of the stationmaster
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第四段电报的落款及文章第六段中的“What apparently had happened three years ago was that May had come by bus，not by train，and in her telegram...”可以推测出女孩的名字叫“May”。故选A。
22．What is the best title for the passage?
A．Missing the Train
B．Detour to Romance
C．Harry’s Anxiety
D．The Small and Dark Girl
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了两个年轻人因为对电报中所传达信息的误解而造成了三年的等待，最后终于等来幸福的相遇的故事，因此B项符合。故选B。
话题：天气 难度星级：☆☆
(2019·云南曲靖质检)
MIAMI—Florence，currently a tropical storm with maximum sustained winds of 60 mph，is prepared to strengthen to a hurricane toward the U．S.East Coast，the National Hurricane Center said on Friday.Over the next few days，the storm could strengthen as fast as it has weakened and head toward the East Coast as strong as a Category 4 hurricane，CBS New York meteorologist Lonnie Quinn said.
As of 8 p．m.Friday，Florence was located about 1,405 miles southeast of Bermuda.The storm is affecting Bermuda and is expected to hit the U．S.East Coast over the weekend.
“The storm’s unpredictable path means it could hit anywhere along the southeastern U．S.，”Quinn said.“With the current data，it looks like the storm is most likely to hit North or South Carolina.”
On Friday，North Carolina Gov.Roy Cooper declared a state of emergency.“While it’s still too early to know the storm’s path，we know we have to be prepared，” Cooper said.And CBS Raleigh affiliate WNCN reports，“During harvest，time is of the essence.Action today can avoid losses due to Florence.”
“Depending on the strength of the storm at that time，such a landfall could cause wind damage，coastal storm surge and inland flooding from torrential rainfall.The flood risk would be even higher for areas in the eastern U．S.that have seen rounds of heavy rain in recent weeks，” said Lonnie Quinn.
The atmospheric conditions may allow Florence to regain its former strength.The storm will reach major hurricane status on next Wednesday，peaking with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph.
语篇解读 本文属于新闻报道。报道了美国迈阿密发生的飓风的情况及其严重影响，对此，政府相关工作人员采取了一系列应急措施。
23．Where is this passage most probably taken from?
A．Newspaper. B．Magazine.
C．Science report. D．Weather broadcast.
答案 A
解析 文章出处题。由全文内容尤其是第一段开头“MIAMI—Florence”可推测出本文是一篇新闻报道。故选A。
24．What can we infer from the passage?
A．The tropical storm in Florence will disappear over the next few days.
B．The storm will hit the U．S.West Coast over the weekend.
C．The storm won’t cause any losses to Florence.
D．The path of the storm is unknown in advance.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第三段的“The storm’s unpredictable path means it could hit anywhere along the southeastern U．S.”可知，风暴的路径是未知的。故选D。
25．What does Cooper suggest people do?
A．Stay alarmed all the time.
B．Make everything ready for the coming hurricane.
C．Delay the time of harvest.
D．Abandon their home and run away.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。由第四段第二句Cooper说的话“While it’s still too early to know the storm’s path，we know we have to be prepared”可知，人们需要为即将到来的飓风做好一切准备。故选B。
26．What may be the most severe consequence caused by the storm?
A．Wind damage. B．Coastal rat storm.
C．Inland flood. D．Landslide.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。由第五段第二句“The flood risk would be even higher for areas in the eastern U．S.that have seen rounds of heavy rain in recent weeks...”可知，风暴造成最严重的后果可能是内陆洪水。故选C。
话题：健康 难度星级：☆☆
(2018·安徽皖南八校联考)
Human brains begin growing and developing at a very young age.They learn from the simplest experiences，which enable your children to be aware of the world.There’s no denying that outdoor play helps a lot!
Times when children have to wait for their turns on playground equipment and following the playground rules by sharing，all these form components of a healthy socialemotional development.Young children develop their socialemotional skills through practice and small steps over time.
As parents or caregivers，it is fairly simple to support your child’s socialemotional skills.Acts like holding him，touching him，speaking to him and giving him loving care and attention are all helping factors.When you allow them freedom to play，it is important to follow their interests in helping build their socialemotional skills.
Difficulties in socialemotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.Becoming easily angry or not empathizing(理解)with other children are all signs that may point in this direction.This can in turn lead to them not empathizing with the needs of other children.
As for the development of cognitive(认知的) skills，these develop through practice and opportunity over time.And while some cognitive skills may be genetic，most are learned through real life situations.In other words，learning and thinking skills can be improved through experiences.
To enable them to learn，it is important that we are mindful of what our children are interested in.And this realization is only set in place once the child is given enough time to grow and explore.
Depriving children of such experiences can mean that they might struggle with higherlevel thinking skills.And while it is normal to keep them safe，we forget that by rushing them and cutting down on play time，we’re actually causing more harm than good.
语篇解读 这是一篇议论文。通过分析户外玩耍对孩子的成长的利与弊，劝说家长让孩子在户外玩耍。
27．What can playing with other children greatly help children do?
A．Learn from other children.
B．Develop their social emotion.
C．Promote their personal hobbies.
D．Help them to control their emotion.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Young children develop their socialemotional skills through practice and small steps over time.”及第三段最后一句“When you allow them freedom to play，it is important to follow their interests in helping build their socialemotional skills.”可知，当孩子们玩耍时可帮助他们培养社交情感技能。故选B。
28．What usually brings trouble to a child while playing with other children?
A．Not understanding others.
B．Caring too much about others.
C．Lacking socialemotional skills.
D．Being more selfish than selfless.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“Difficulties in socialemotional skills can often lead to children having trouble when playing with other children.”可知，社交情感技巧的缺乏往往会导致孩子与其他孩子玩耍时有困难。故选C。
29．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To call on us to promotes children’s interest.
B．To show us the importance of social emotions.
C．To tell us how to improve children’s social emotions.
D．To persuade parents to allow their children to play outdoors.
答案 D
解析 写作目的题。通读全文可知，作者花了大量篇幅来说明孩子参加各种户外活动的好处。所以文章的主要目的是劝说父母允许孩子在户外玩耍。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·黑龙江哈师大附中四模)
A conversation with a good listener is like a good meal—we walk away feeling satisfied and happy. 30 Here are 4 ways to make your conversation partner feel like you’re fully tuned in to their personal radio station.
31
Making your conversation partner feel safe starts with two things：an open mind and keeping judgment to yourself.Just as immersing(沉浸) yourself in a novel requires suspension of disbelief，immersing yourself in listening requires suspension of opinions or advice.While judgments may appear into your head，set them to the side.
Ask questions to follow your natural curiosity.
When you’re interested，ask questions. 32 Ask for examples.Ask for details.Following your natural curiosity by asking questions not only shows you are listening and interested，but almost always produces an interesting story.
Listen with your whole body.
In many a kindergarten classroom，teachers emphasize something called “whole body listening”．It goes like this：use your eyes to watch nonverbal(非语言)，your brain to think about what is being said，your heart to feel emotions and keep the rest of your body quiet to show respect.But many of us lose it over time，especially as life gets busy.The result? We often try to multitask while listening. 33
Validate(使生效) with simple phrases.
Keep in your back pocket some validating words and phrases to show you’ve heard someone.
“Of course.” “That makes sense.” “Naturally.” “Clearly.” “For sure.” 34 In conversation，combining those little phrases：“Of course you feel that way.” or “That makes total sense.” doesn’t necessarily convey agreement，but it does convey something even bigger：acceptance.
A．Create safety.
B．Devote yourself to listening.
C．It’s appealing to talk about your own experience.
D．We halflisten while getting things done or staring at a screen.
E．Think like a journalist and ask what，when，where，why or how.
F．But being a good listener goes way beyond just not interrupting or nodding your head.
G．All of these statements confirm a person’s experience or feelings as worthy and accepted.
30．答案 F
解析 上句提到“和一个好的倾听者交谈就像一顿美餐——我们离开时感到满足和快乐。”再根据下文提示“这里有4种方法可以让你的谈话对象感觉你已经完全收听了他们的个人电台。”承接上下文，F项“但是，做一个好的倾听者不仅仅是不插嘴或只点头。”切题。此处的关键词是listener。
31．答案 A
解析 此空是小标题，应该用短小精悍的句子。根据下文提到的“让你的谈话对象感到安全，从两件事开始：……”承接下文，A项中的safety与下文中的safe对应。
32．答案 E
解析 上文提到“当你感兴趣的时候，问问题。”承接上文，E项“像记者一样思考，问什么，什么时候，在哪里，为什么或怎么做。”切题。该项中的what，when，where，why or how与上文的questions对应。
33．答案 D
解析 上文提到“但随着时间的推移，我们中的许多人会失去它，尤其是当生活变得忙碌的时候。结果呢？我们经常在听的时候尝试一心多用。”承接上文，D项“我们在完成任务或盯着屏幕的时候似听非听。”切题。该项中的halflisten与multitask对应。
34．答案 G
解析 G项中的these statements与上文中的“Of course.”“That makes sense.” “Naturally.”“Clearly.”对应。
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2018·辽宁大连、本溪高级中学联考)
It was the second time my tire had burst.This came after I 35 to find water at an abandoned station，where the caretaker 36 my bottles from his own water supply.
After 37 several miles under the burning sun，I 38 my hand and eventually a truck 39 .An old local and two Moroccans got out and 40 me to squeeze in.At last they stopped in front of a garage.
“Do you know where I can get something to 41 ？” I asked the old man.I had not yet eaten that day and was hungry.
“Nothing for miles，” was his reply，followed by an 42 to drive me somewhere.I agreed，so I left my bike at his office and jumped into a car parked outside.
“I 43 pick anyone up.” He told me.“You are the first.”
“We 44 have a name for people like you.” I said.“You’re called Road Angels.”
He smiled.
We stopped in front of a 45 .As we ate，the sky grew dark and 46 with clouds.He dropped me back to the garage，where the workers couldn’t repair my bike.The driver turned up just in 47 to once again 48 the day.“I have found a shop that sells 49 tubes and tires.I can take you there.” I jumped into his car，at the same moment a heavy rain poured down.
A 50 tire and two tubes later，the storm had rolled over.I 51 my angel and continued my journey.
Throughout the 52 ride，I found goodness and 53 everywhere.People went out of their way to help whenever I needed assistance.I hoped I would be able to 54 a little of the same kindness to whoever in trouble.
语篇解读 本文主要讲述了作者自己在自行车旅行中得到很多人的帮助，他希望自己也能传递哪怕一点点善意给那些深陷困境的人。
35．A.planned B．volunteered
C．determined D．managed
答案 D
解析 这是我第二次车胎爆了。这发生在我设法在废弃车站找水之后。plan计划；volunteer志愿；determine决定；manage设法。故选D。
36．A.picked up B．sorted out
C．took out D．filled up
答案 D
解析 在我设法在废弃车站找水时，看门人给我的瓶子装满水。pick up拾起；sort out整理；take out取出；fill up装满。故选D。
37．A.walking B．riding
C．driving D．running
答案 A
解析 后面提到了他伸手拦车可见他没有开车；后面虽然提到了他有自行车但是还提到了他的自行车爆胎了，因而排除B项；他此时很累，在烈日下也不会跑。故选A。
38．A.took back B．stuck out
C．set down D．looked at
答案 B
解析 在烈日下走了几英里，我伸手拦车，想搭个便车，最后一辆卡车停下来。take back拿回；stick out伸出；set down记下；look at看。故选B。
39．A.drove by B．broke down
C．turned up D．pulled up
答案 D
解析 见上题解析。drive by驶过；break down崩溃；turn up出现；pull up停下。故选D。
40．A.invited B．forced
C．commanded D．arranged
答案 A
解析 他们下了车，邀请我上车。invite邀请；force迫使；command要求；arrange安排。故选A。
41．A.wear B．watch
C．eat D．visit
答案 C
解析 我已经一整天没吃东西了，所以问到哪里能找到吃的。故选C。
42．A.announcement B．offer
C．answer D．excuse
答案 B
解析 因为近处没有地方吃饭，所以他主动提出送我去找吃饭的地方。announcement声明；offer主动提供，提出；answer回答；excuse借口。故选B。
43．A.always B．often
C．never D．sometimes
答案 C
解析 下文说：你是第一个。可知，他应该是从来没有搭载过谁。always总是；often经常；never从来不；sometimes有时。故选C。
44．A.drivers B．motorists
C．athletes D．cyclists
答案 D
解析 前文提到了，我将自行车放下了，可知这里我自称为骑行者。driver司机；motorist摩托车手；athlete运动员；cyclist骑行者。故选D。
45．A.restaurant B．station
C．market D．harbor
答案 A
解析 前文提到老人答应带我去找吃饭的地方，所以可知我们停在一个餐馆前。restaurant餐馆；station车站；market市场；harbor港口。故选A。
46．A.packed B．heavy
C．filled D．familiar
答案 B
解析 天色变暗，乌云密布。be/get heavy with“有大量的”用来修饰clouds。故选B。
47．A.turn B．time
C．return D．case
答案 B
解析 上文提到我得到了这位司机的帮助，这里司机再次及时出现拯救了我的糟糕的一天。in turn依次，轮流；in time及时；in return作为报答；in case万一。故选B。
48．A.save B．call
C．witness D．complete
答案 A
解析 见上题解析。save挽救；call呼叫；witness见证；complete完成。故选A。
49．A.car B．truck
C．bicycle D．carriage
答案 C
解析 因为要修理我的自行车，因此应该是找到了出售自行车配件的商店。故选C。
50．A.long B．worn
C．free D．new
答案 D
解析 前文提到找到了出售自行车配件的商店，这里应该是换上了新的配件。故选D。
51．A.dropped B．visited
C．thanked D．entertained
答案 C
解析 这位司机帮助了我两次，我应该对他表示感谢。故选C。
52．A.entire B．helpless
C．fancy D．future
答案 A
解析 在我的整个旅程中，我得到了很多的帮助，所以说我在这个过程中发现了很多的善意和慷慨。entire整个的；helpless无助的；fancy奇特的；future未来的。故选A。
53．A.competence B．responsibility
C．generosity D．honesty
答案 C
解析 见上题解析。competence能力；responsibility责任；generosity慷慨；honesty诚实。故选C。
54．A.react to B．pass on
C．get across D．show off
答案 B
解析 作为别人对我帮助的回报，我希望我也能传递哪怕一点点的善意给深陷困境的人。react to对……有反应；pass on传递；get across被理解；show off炫耀。故选B。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2019·金丽衢12校9月联考)
China used to be called the “Kingdom of Bicycles” in the 1980s and the 1990s，but since then，cars 55.have taken/have been taking(take) over the country.Because of traffic jams，56.it can be difficult to travel across major Chinese cities.Even 57.going(go) a few kilometers can take up to an hour.Now，new apps that help people use bikes are being used more and more across cities.
Cheng Li started using bike share services about six 58.months(month) ago.He said now he was using a car less and the metro(地铁) 59.more.“After I get off the metro，I usually have to walk another kilometer or two，so I’ll grab a bike share and go.It is convenient.”
For many，the best part about cycling is how easy it is to do.60.However，many of its bike share stations were not placed in convenient places.Now，it is easy to find a bike，and to register with 61.a smart phone.
Meanwhile，there is now a lot of competition among bike share providers because of their popularity.Some providers are trying to flood the streets 62.with bikes to be more visible.Sometimes there are so many bikes 63.that they completely block the sidewalks.
This has become a problem for city governments.It is not uncommon for bike users to leave bikes in the middle of the street or on the sidewalk.This blocks cars and people in already 64.crowded(crowd) cities.
A woman interviewed by the media said，“Bike sharing is really convenient，but we need take care of the problem of illegally parked bikes.”
Ⅶ.概要写作
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you haven’t seen alpaca meat(羊驼肉) on the menu yet，chances are you soon will.It is rising in popularity；about 70 restaurants across Australia feature the meat in their dishes.Among them is Melbourne restaurant Pastuso，whose head chef appeared in a video by the Australian Alpaca Association to discuss how people have liked the dish.Alejandro Saravia，a Peruvian cook at Pastuso，described the taste as similar to beef.“Alpaca meat has been very well enjoyed by the Australian public，” he said in the video.
Famous cook Matt Moran，who owns some of Sydney’s leading restaurants，wrote an article for The Daily Telegraph to discuss his experience of cooking alpaca meat.Moran said he had never tried the meat until he visited an alpaca farm，and described the flavour as “very tasty”，especially the meat from the neck.Alpaca meat has also starred in dishes at the Melbourne Food and Wine Festival，with The Age reporting in 2013 about 20 Australian restaurants served the meat，a number which has grown quickly since.
Melbourne restaurant San Telmo’s head cook Mike Patrick researched an alpaca dish，and said the response was mixed.“It was 50/50: some people said ‘oh wow—what are you cooking that for? No，thank you’ and others thought ‘this is really cool and something different and I want to have a try’．The people who tried it loved it.It’s a point of difference and people like that.”
In Australia alpacas are farmed mainly for their fur，but the Australian Alpaca Association website said farming alpacas for meat is a growing industry.Alpaca meat is a good source of protein with little saturated fat and cholesterol(胆固醇)；it is also environmentally friendly when people feed them.Alpacas are able to stand dry conditions for longer than most other animals，and their soft feet cause little damage to the soil and ecosystem.
参考范文
You may soon enjoy alpaca meat because it is becoming popular.More and more restaurants are serving it for its delicious taste，which is thought highly of by cooks.About half people wanting to try it like its taste while others even refuse to try it.Alpaca meat is rich in healthbeneficial protein and raising alpacas does little harm to the environment and ecosystem，which leads to the development of the industry of feeding alpacas for meat.
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