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2020版高考英语精准备考一轮新高考地区（鲁琼辽）专用版讲义：Book1Module1
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基础知识默写
1．academic adj.学术的
2．province n．省(份)
3．enthusiastic adj.热心的
enthusiasm n．热情
4．amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
amazed adj.吃惊的
amaze vt.使吃惊
amazement n．吃惊；惊讶
5．information n．信息
inform vt.通知，告知
6．website n．网站；网址
7．instruction n．(常作复数)指示；说明
instruct vt.指示；指导
instructor n．导师；教师
8．method n．方法
9．bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的
boring adj.没趣的；令人厌倦的
boredom n．厌烦；厌倦
10．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人难堪的
embarrass vt.使尴尬
embarrassment n．尴尬；窘迫
11．attitude n．态度
12．behaviour n．行为；举动
behave v．表现；使守规矩
13．impress vt.使印象深刻
impression n．印象
impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
14．encouragement n．鼓励；激励
encourage vt.鼓励；激励
discourage(反) vt.使灰心；阻拦
15．fluency n．流利 流畅
fluent adj.流利的；流畅的
16．disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointment n．失望
17．teenager n．少年
18．cover vt.包含；遮盖 n．封面；覆盖物
19．comprehension n．理解，领悟
20．previous adj.以前的；从前的
21．description n．记述；描述
describe vt.记述；描述
22．technology n．技术
technological adj.技术的
23．correction n．改正；纠正
correct vt.纠正；改正 adj.正确的
24．assistant n．助手；助理
assist vt.帮助；援助
assistance n．帮助；援助
25．enjoyment n．享受；乐趣
enjoy vt.享受；喜欢
26．disappear vi.消失
appear(反) vi.出现；露面
27．diploma n．文凭；毕业证书
28．system n．制度；体系；系统
29．misunderstanding n．误解
30．far from远离；完全不
31．nothing like毫不相似；完全不像
32．in other words换句话说
33．look forward to期待；盼望
34．at the start/end of在……开始/结束的时候
35．go to college上大学
36．be divided into被(划)分成……
37．take part in参加
38．The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.老师是一位姓沈的热心女士。
39．I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class!
我认为上沈老师的课我是不会感到厌倦的！
40．In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.换句话说，女生人数是男生的三倍。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．If the new safety system(系统) had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.
2．It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method(方法)．
3．I had to change my attitude(态度) to their ability and potential.(2018·天津)
4．Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers(青少年)，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.
5．But compared with previous(之前的) studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
6．The little girl looked up，amazed(amaze)，as though she had come face to face with a superhero.
7．President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) (一带一路论坛)，which made a deep impression(impress) on the audience.
8．As is often the case，an acceptable social behaviour(behave) in one country may be unacceptable in another.
9．As these shells in my hands became brilliantly colourful under the sunlight，I was so pleased beyond description(describe)．
10．Livia continued to live quietly in the countryside，in the full enjoyment(enjoy) of the scenery，until her death at an advanced age.
11．The city was crowded with disappointed(disappoint) people with no interest in settling down.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
12．However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions(instruct) are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
13．The teacher had written a random series of thirty numbers and letters which Howie repeated in a bored(bore) voice.
14．Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently(fluent)．
15．Thanks to your encouragement(encourage)，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
I had been 1.looking forward to the coming of my Senior High school life for months.When the day finally came，what I saw was actually 2.nothing like what I had experienced in the past.I know I have reached a time in my life when I am supposed to make decisions 3.by myself.4.In other words，I ought to be independent.However,5.far from being nervous，I feel excited about the new challenges.
6．At the start of the new term，our class is 7.divided into six groups so that an atmosphere of competition can be established.I think it 8.is similar to the Olympic Games.I am fully convinced that all of our group members will enthusiastically 9.take part in the group activities.With our joint efforts，we are to make amazing accomplishments 10.at the end of the day.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(make＋宾语＋宾补)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，表明每天仅仅跑5到10分钟就能降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早逝的风险。
2．The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.(替代词that的用法)(2018·全国Ⅲ)
这个校园的风格和大多数中国大学的风格截然不同。
3．I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.(否定转移)
我认为他说的话与我们正在讨论的主题无关。
4．Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.(倍数表达法)(2016·全国Ⅲ)
美国人每年只吃大约15磅的鱼，但我们在餐馆吃鱼的量是家里的两倍。
5．The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.(过去分词短语作定语)
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
1．变b/be为p再加tion构成名词
(1)describe→description 描述
(2)subscribe→subscription 订阅
(3)prescribe→prescription 处方
(4)absorb→absorption 吸收
2．“参加”集中营
(1)take part in 参加
(2)join in加入；参加
(3)participate in参加
(4)enter into参与
(5)go in for参加；从事
3．“盼望；期望；渴望”聚焦
(1)look forward to盼望
(2)be anxious/eager for/to do...渴望……
(3)be dying for/to do...想要……
(4)long for/to do...渴望……
(5)be thirsty/hungry for 渴望
4．常见的含有介词to的短语动词集合
(1)look forward to盼望；期待
(2)contribute to导致；造成
(3)lead to导致
(4)adapt/adjust to适应
(5)object to/be opposed to反对
(6)be used/accustomed to习惯于
(7)get/settle down to开始做……
(8)be devoted to专心于
(9)stick to坚持
(10)pay attention to注意
(1)follow the instructions按照说明；服从指示；执行命令
under one’s instructions在某人的指导下
(2)instruct v．指导，教导；指示；吩咐；命令；讲授
instruct sb.to do sth.指示某人做某事
as instructed依照指示
(3)instructor n．指导者；教练
instructive adj.有教育意义的；有启发的
(1)I saw there were two instructors(instruct) on board and a man lying across the middle.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)The film is believed to be instructive(instruct) and full of emotion.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(3)Under Tom’s instructions，I learned how to operate the computer.
[同义句改写]
(4)My boss instructed me to type(type) the letters quickly.
→My boss instructed me that I (should) type the letters quickly.
(5)We’re standing at a distance following the instructions.
→We’re standing at a distance，as instructed.
易错点拨 instruct后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do。
(1)be/get bored with对……厌烦
(2)bore v．使厌烦；n.令人讨厌的人/事
bore sb.with用……使某人厌烦
(3)boring adj.无聊的；令人厌烦的
(1)Are you a bit bored with your ninetofive routine？(2018·安徽六安一中模拟)
(2)He said that was the most boring(bore) job he had ever done.
(3)Jack was bored with/was tired of/was fed up with/was sick of(厌倦了) listening to the same music.
[句式升级]
(4)He was bored with that boring speech and left the lecture hall.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Bored with that boring speech，he left the lecture hall.
(1)be amazed at/by对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do...做……很惊讶
(2)amazement n．吃惊，惊讶
in amazement惊讶地
to one’s amazement使某人惊讶的是
(3)amazing adj.令人惊讶的
(1)Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)Little Tom sat amazed(amaze)，watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
(3)[一句多译] 使我惊奇的是，他把这首诗全部背诵了出来。
①To my amazement，he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazement)
②It amazed me that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(it作形式主语)
③What amazed me was that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(what引导的主语从句)
④I was amazed that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazed)
(1)impress...on...把……印在……上
impress sth.on/upon sb.＝impress sb.with sth.使某人牢记某事
be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻
(2)impression n．印象；影响；印记；感想
leave/make/create a(n)．..impression on sb.给某人留下一个……的印象
(3)impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的
(1)Impressed(impress) with his student’s honesty，he gave her a new computer.
他学生的诚实给他留下了深刻印象，他给了她一台新电脑。
(2)My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
他给我的第一印象是，他是一个和善且关心别人的年轻人。
(3)Father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me./Father impressed me with the value of hard work.父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。
[句式升级]
(4)I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Impressed by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.
(1)be disappointed at/by/about...对……失望
be disappointed to do...因做……而失望
(2)disappointment n．[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(3)disappointing adj.令人失望的
(1)One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed(disappoint) looks on their faces.
(2)The speech was quite disappointing(disappoint)；it left out some main questions.
(3)[一句多译] 让我们失望的是，他考试没及格。
①To our disappointment，he failed the exam.
②That he failed the exam disappointed us/made us disappointed.
③What disappointed us was that he failed the exam.
④We were disappointed at/about/by his failing the exam.
cover v.盖，覆盖；包括，涉及；报道；足以支付；行走(一段路程)；占(一片面积)
n.封皮；盖子；套子；表面
be covered with/by被……覆盖
cover an area of...占地面积为……
under (the) cover of在……的掩护下；趁着……
[写出下列句子中cover的汉语意思]
(1)The talks are expected to cover other topics too.涉及
(2)The reserve covers an area of 1,000 square kilometres.占
(3)Those figures might not even cover the cost of damage.足以支付
(4)He did cartoons and covers for the New Yorker magazine.封面，封皮
(5)The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.(2018·全国Ⅲ)覆盖
(6)We will send the best journalist to cover the whole game.报道
keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言
break one’s word/promise违背诺言；食言
in a/one word总之
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb.和某人吵架
beyond words无法用语言表达
eat one’s words收回前言；承认说错了话
word came/comes that...有消息传来说……
[根据语境用word短语的正确形式填空]
(1)He told me that he had words with the manager and lost his position.
(2)How can we improve medical care to benefit people？In other words，how can we create a healthcare system that helps people?
(3)Jack is good，kind，hardworking and intelligent.In a/one word，I can’t speak too highly of him.
(4)Mary kept her word and returned all the money.
(5)Being the office supervisor，I had to have a word with the new employee who never arrived at work on time.
look down on/upon看不起
look into调查；研究；向……里面看
look through浏览；仔细查看；审核
look up向上看；查阅
look up to尊敬，敬仰
look back on回忆，回顾
look at注视；看待
(1)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.I’m looking forward to receiving(receive) your earliest reply.
(2)The day that he had been looking forward to came(come) at last.
(3)He looked forward to see(see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd.
divide...between/among...在……之间分配……
divide...by...……除以……
(1)When you go to the library，all of the books will be divided into different categories.
(2018·安徽安庆三模)
(2)Divide the cake into halves/in half(两半)．
(3)[同义句改写] If you divide 21 by 3，you’ll get 7.
→21 divided by 3 equals 7.
易错点拨 表示把某物分成几部分，divide可与in和into连用，其区别是：若divide后面只有数词(即数词后没有名词)，则可用in或into；若divide后的数词后接有名词，则通常只能用into。如：Divide the apple in/into four(into four parts)．
否定转移即将think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect等动词后面的宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。在构成反意疑问句时，视情况有不同的表达方式：
(1)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的反意疑问句应与从句保持一致。
(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的反意疑问句应与主句保持一致。
(1)I don’t believe that most Americans have ever considered the present situation thoroughly.
我认为大部分美国人都没有认真考虑过目前的情况。
(2)I don’t think it is necessary to apply for the badlypaid job in such a hurry，is it?
我认为没有必要匆忙申请这份待遇不好的工作，是吧？
(3)In some cases，an male interviewer doesn’t expect you to be able to answer a tricky question，but simply to see how you handle it，does he?
在某些情况下，男性面试官不希望你能回答出一个多么棘手的问题，而仅仅看你怎么处理它，是吗？
倍数的表达方式：
(1)倍数＋as...as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width/...＋of...
(4)倍数＋what从句
[一句多译] 据说该发电厂现在是以前的三倍大。
(1)It’s said that the power plant is now three times as large as what it was.
(2)It’s said that the power plant is now three times the size of what it was.
(3)It’s said that the power plant is now three times larger than what it was.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．And，even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits，news about our instructor(instruct) was appealing enough to me，who was an international grandmaster.
2．On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
3．Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavio(u)r(behave)，and correct bad habits.
(2018·北京)
4．Students are encouraged to consider(consider) the way language changes over time.
5．Hundreds of people have formed impressions(impress) of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
6．The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were covered(cover) with sand，sand，sand！(2016·浙江)
7．The two countries participated in a program similar to what they had involved in the past.
8．Would you like to share your attitude to/towards senior high students’ taking up parttime jobs?
9．The book divided(divide) into seven parts covers all aspects of health and safety at work.
10．The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged(discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于校园)
1．第一天我对新学校印象深刻。
2．首先，新学校和我从前的学校一点儿也不一样。
3．我对我的英语老师印象深刻，他热情，工作态度积极。(定语从句)
4．他的课如此有趣以至于我总是期待着上英语课。(so...that句型)
5．最后，在老师的指导和鼓励下，我下定决心积极参加课外活动，我的同学也是如此。
6．我坚信我们一定会取得巨大的进步。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．I am deeply impressed with my new school on the first day.First and foremost，it is 12.nothing like my previous school.Besides，what impresses me most is my English teacher,13.who is enthusiastic and has a positive attitude to his teaching.His class is 14.so interesting that I am looking forward to attending his class.What’s more，under the teacher’s instruction and encouragement,15.I am determined to take an active part in afterschool activities and so do my classmates.I hold the firm belief that 16.we will make great progress.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：人际关系 难度星级：☆☆
A day in the life of 18yearold David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff：school，baseball practice and homework.And then he starts cooking.“Some nights I’m up until 1∶00 a．m. making pies，or even later if we’re cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades School in Florida，U.S.
For the past year，Lanster and Kelly Moran，his classmate，have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster’s parents’ home.Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by them.Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity(慈善)．“We got some really great Miami Heat tickets，a nice watch，and many kitchen gadgets(小器具)，”Lanster said.“But we wanted to make this something positive for people other than us.”
Lanster and Moran focused on Common Threads，a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster’s parents cover their food costs.After their last 12person event，Lanster and Moran gave $1,600 to the charity.
Now，they’re taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model：the host pays for the ingredients，and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.
Without formal training，Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen，the two are busy preparing their college applications.Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future，but they’ve promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.
语篇解读 本文讲述的是年轻人戴维·兰斯特和同学凯利·莫兰放学后举办晚宴，捐款给慈善机构的故事。
17．How is Lanster’s life different from other teenagers’ lives?
A．He plans to become a professional chef.
B．He plays baseball every day after school.
C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.
D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，兰斯特的生活与其他同龄人的不同之处在于，他在放学后会举办晚宴。
18．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?
A．Receive thankyou cards from the guests.
B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.
C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.
D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，私人晚宴过后，兰斯特和莫兰会让客人向慈善机构捐款。
19．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous.
C．Creative. D．Optimistic.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“After their last 12person event，Lanster and Moran gave $1,600 to the charity.”可知，两个年轻人通过举办私人晚宴，迄今为止已经向这家慈善机构捐赠了1 600美元。由此可推出，这两个孩子是非常慷慨的。
话题：自然 难度星级：☆☆☆
Scientists have identified the order of the gene of the giraffe for the first time to help explain how the tallest animals on earth developed their remarkably long necks.
Being a giraffe is not easy.To pump blood two meters up from the chest to the brain calls for a powerful heart and twice the blood pressure of other mammals.Giraffes also need special safety system to let them bend down for a drink and raise their heads again without feeling dizzy.
The animals’ unique body structure has long been a puzzle for biologists，including Charles Darwin.Now，by comparing the gene of the giraffe with that of its closest relative，the shortnecked okapi，scientists have solved part of the puzzle by studying changes in a small number of genes responsible both for regulating body shape and circulation.This suggests that the development of a long neck and a powerful heart went hand in hand，driven by a relatively small number of genetic changes.
The interpretation of the genetic factors behind the giraffe’s remarkable heart system could also be instructive for human health，since the animals appear to avoid the kind of organ damage often found in people with high blood pressure.
The more fundamental question of why giraffes developed their long necks remains open，however.The apparently selfevident idea that it was to reach everhigher food supplies has been challenged in the past 20 years by a competing belief that it is actually due to competition among fighting males for females.
Unlike longnecked birds，which have additional vertebrae(椎骨)，giraffes have the same seven vertebrae found in all mammals，although theirs are greatly extended.
语篇解读 本文讲述了科学家第一次确定了长颈鹿的基因序列，由此明白了长颈鹿进化出长脖子的原因。
20．A strong heart is very important for a giraffe because it .
A．pumps blood to the brain high above its body
B．keeps the blood pressure at a normal level
C．helps the giraffe find a drink at lower places
D．keeps the giraffe safe in different environments
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，对于长颈鹿来说，一颗强大的心脏很重要，因为从心脏把血液输送到头部要上升两米的高度，血压是其他哺乳动物的两倍。
21．Scientists compare the gene of the giraffe with that of the shortnecked okapi because the latter .
A．has a quite special body structure
B．is a puzzle worth further study
C．is in the same family as the giraffe
D．has gone through few genetic changes
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，短脖子的霍加狓与长脖子的长颈鹿有着最亲近的亲缘关系，但是它们的形体差别却很大，比较两者的基因可以更好地了解长颈鹿的基因，由此可以推断出，科学家选择霍加狓是因为它们属于同一科(in the same family)。
22．Which possibly caused the giraffe to develop a long neck?
A．Its favorite food at high places.
B．Its attempts to attract females.
C．Its need to avoid organ damage.
D．Its greatly extended vertebrae.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“by a competing belief that it is actually due to competition among fighting males for females”可知，人们认为长颈鹿的长脖子的形成是因为雄性长颈鹿之间会通过决斗来争夺雌性长颈鹿。
23．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To introduce a new finding of science.
B．To explain genetic changes in animals.
C．To describe giraffes’ body structure.
D．To challenge a belief of twenty years.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。根据文章结构可知，第一段是文章的中心段。科学家第一次确定了长颈鹿的基因序列，解释了最高的动物长颈鹿究竟是如何长出标志性的长脖子的。由此可以推断出本文的目的是介绍这项新的科学发现。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
The right paint can add appeal to your walls—and now it can also make them smarter.Researchers recently transformed a wall into an outsize trackpad and motion sensor by using lowcost conductive paint to create a large grid of electrodes(电极)．
Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on.The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room，track a player’s motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child’s television use. “Walls are everywhere，so why not turn them into sensors for smart homes？”says Yang Zhang，a computer science doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University，who helped to develop the concept.
To create the hightech surface，Zhang and his colleagues applied painter’s tape in a lattice(格子结构) pattern to a twelvebyeightfoot wall，and then coated it with commercially available conductive paint.Removing the tape left a pattern of diamondshaped electrodes，which the researchers connected using thin copper(铜) tape strips.Finally，they wired the strips to a custombuilt circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex(胶乳) paint.The entire project took four hours and cost less than $ 200.In theory，Zhang says，“Anyone can use the technique to make a wall smart.”
In the wall’s appliancedetection mode，the power is turned off.The researchers detected iPads up to 6.5 feet away from the wall；fans and floor lamps could be sensed from about 10 feet.Zhang and his colleagues presented the wall in April at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
“Engineers have long dreamed of technologies that blend into our surroundings，”says Christian Holz，a research scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond，who did not participate in the work.“It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”
24.What can a smart wall do now according to the passage?
A．Detect people’s locations.
B．Turn on lights automatically.
C．Monitor a person’s television use.
D．Track humans’ movements at a close range.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.”可知，智能墙壁可以近距离监测到人们的活动。故选D。
25．What can we learn about the smart wall?
A．It is easy to build.
B．It is cheap but timeconsuming.
C．It benefits people in many ways.
D．It adds appeal to the buildings.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。第二段中的“Such a smart wall can sense...whether it is switched on.”及后文的介绍体现了该发明给人们的生活带来了许多好处，故选C。
26．What is Christian Holz’s attitude towards this new invention?
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Unknown.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。通过最后一段Christian Holz说的话“It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”可知，他认为智能墙壁的发明让我们对装置的概念有了不一样的理解，还展示了感应技术能够多么丰富地融入日常物品中，这些可以推断他对该发明持有积极的态度。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·嘉兴模拟)
How to Forgive Yourself
Kelly came home fired and discouraged from her job.She started yelling at everyone in the house.When she calmed down，she started to feel guilty and wanted her family to forgive her.
Does this story sound familiar? What about you？ 27
We sometimes make some mistakes. 28 When you hurt someone and start feeling guilty，the first thing yon need to do is forgive yourself before you ask others to forgive you.Whether you screamed at your child，hurt your partner or lied to your friend，it is necessary to forgive yourself for your benefit.
To learn how to forgive yourself，follow the guide below：
◆ 29 If it is something simple such as screaming at your child or your partner，then work on understanding yourself and emotions.It is also necessary to understand why you took this action for which you have to forgive yourself now.
◆After you have known about your mistake，you need to learn your lesson from it，so you won’t repent it.Ask yourself，what can you learn from what you have done? 30
◆Realize that you are a human and everyone makes mistakes or does things they are not proud of. 31 All it will do is to cause you pain，sorrow，stress，and it could lead you into low spirits.Therefore，it is better to make a decision to forgive yourself.
Always remember the saying，“We achieve inner health only through forgiveness，the forgiveness not only of others but also of ourselves.”
A．Recognize your behavior and what you have done.
B．It is of great help if you just ignore what led to the situation.
C．If you stay upset and angry at yourself，this will not benefit you.
D．Have you done something you feel you can’t forgive yourself for?
E．Do you hate yourself so much that you feel life is coming to an end?
F．We also hurt others intentionally and unintentionally now and then.
G．Do you have to change some habits or behavior to avoid such experiences?
答案 27.D 28.F 29.A 30.G 31.C
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
One doctor is being recognized as the best doctor.He ever took the time to 32 a young patient’s broken toy.
The little boy，Ryan，has several health 33 .The 9yearold has had eight operations in his life，so when he went to Children’s Hospital for 34 in early November，he brought along his favorite toy for 35 .
His doctor，Groth，noticed the oneeyed toy was a little shabby and decided to 36 by sewing it back up，just like he 37 Ryan.“You might think this is his fourth or fifth one，” Groth said.“He is extremely 38 to this toy.” When Ryan woke up from his operation to find his 39 recovering by his side，he was very 40 .“With this little guy，I think it made a big 41 ，”Groth said.“From a 42 aspect it helps a lot and it 43 him.”
The 44yearold doctor has seen many kids come in with 44 toys and has made it a 45 to sew them up whenever he can.This was the first time， 46 ，that someone caught him in the act.He didn’t know the 47 was being taken，but since it was 48 to the website，it’s been liked over 13,000 times， 49 the attention of local and national media.
The doctor has a pretty good theory about why his small 50 has gotten so much attention online.“People just 51 to see sympathy for others.It resonates(引起共鸣)．”
That it does doctor，that it does.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一位医生为生病住院的小病人缝补破旧的玩具。他的举动被人拍了照并上传到了网上，引起了广泛的关注。
32．A.put away B．sew up
C．play with D．wash up
答案 B
解析 put away把……收起来；sew up缝起来；play with玩……，和……一起玩；wash up洗手洗脸。由第三段中的“by sewing it back up”可知，医生缝补玩具。故选B项。
33．A.care B．education
C．problems D．benefits
答案 C
解析 care关心，在意；education教育；problem问题；benefit好处，利益。由第一段可知，Ryan是一个病人，所以他存在健康问题。故选C项。
34．A.operation B．advice
C．training D．complaint
答案 A
解析 operation操作，手术；advice建议；training训练；complaint抱怨，投诉。由前半句可知，Ryan去医院进行手术。故A选项正确。
35．A.treatment B．repair
C．donation D．comfort
答案 D
解析 treatment治疗；repair修理；donation捐赠；comfort安慰，舒服。他带着自己最喜欢的玩具寻求(心理上的)安慰。故选D项。
36．A.operate B．help
C．exchange D．foster
答案 B
解析 operate操作；help帮助；exchange交换；foster培育，培养。医生决定通过缝补男孩的玩具来帮助男孩。故B选项正确。
37．A.worried about B．called for
C．did with D．picked up
答案 C
解析 worry about担心；call for需要，要求；do with处理；pick up捡起。医生决定缝补玩具，就像他给男孩做手术时把男孩的伤口缝起来一样。故C选项正确。
38．A.attached B．devoted
C．limited D．attracted
答案 A
解析 attach重视；devote献身，致力于；limit限制；attract吸引。be attached to意为“喜欢”。由第二段中的“his favorite toy”可知，小男孩非常喜欢这个玩具。故A选项正确。
39．A.injury B．parents
C．doctor D．toy
答案 D
解析 injury伤害；parent(父)母；doctor医生；toy玩具。当Ryan从手术中醒来时，他发现自己的玩具就在自己的身边。故D选项正确。该段中的“With this little guy”亦是提示。
40．A.painful B．excited
C．energetic D．pessimistic
答案 B
解析 painful痛苦的；excited兴奋的；energetic精力充沛的；pessimistic悲观的。孩子发现自己最喜欢的玩具在自己的身边，他非常兴奋。故B选项正确。
41．A.effort B．smile
C．difference D．noise
答案 C
解析 effort努力；smile微笑；difference区别，不同；noise噪音。make a difference有影响，起作用。医生认为这个玩具起了很大作用。故选C项。
42．A.commercial B．moral
C．finance D．recovery
答案 D
解析 commercial商业的；moral道德；finance财政，金融；recovery恢复。男孩做了手术，玩具有助于他的恢复。D选项正确。
43．A.relaxes B．approaches
C．serves D．reminds
答案 A
解析 relax放松；approach接近；serve为……服务；remind提醒，使想起。玩具使男孩心情放松，有助于他恢复。A选项正确。
44．A.carefullychosen B．wellworn
C．newlydesigned D．brandnew
答案 B
解析 carefullychosen精心挑选的；wellworn用旧了的；newlydesigned新设计的；brandnew崭新的。由下文中的“sew them up”可知，孩子们带来的都是旧玩具，医生缝补它们。故选B项。
45．A.career B．view
C．home D．practice
答案 D
解析 career职业，事业；view观点，视野；home家；practice习惯。为小病人缝补玩具成了这位医生的一个习惯。D选项正确。
46．A.therefore B．besides
C．however D．instead
答案 C
解析 therefore因此；besides此外；however然而；instead代替，相反地。上一句提到医生经常为小病人们缝补玩具，该句提到这是第一次被人抓拍到他在做这件事。两句话之间是转折关系。故C选项正确。
47．A.photo B．toy
C．measure D．seat
答案 A
解析 photo照片；toy玩具；measure措施；seat座位。由后文的the website可知，医生不知道有人正在拍照。故A选项正确。
48．A.delivered B．posted
C．applied D．fastened
答案 B
解析 deliver递送；post张贴，发布；apply申请，应用；fasten把……拴紧。拍照的人将照片放到了网站上。B选项正确。
49．A.requiring B．switching
C．avoiding D．catching
答案 D
解析 require要求；switch转换；avoid避免；catch抓住。这张照片被点赞13 000多次，吸引了当地和全国媒体的关注。catch one’s attention吸引……的注意力。D选项正确。
50．A.change B．progress
C．gesture D．misfortune
答案 C
解析 change改变；progress进展；gesture动作，手势；misfortune不幸。医生小小的举动在网上引发了很多的关注。C选项正确。
51．A.like B．fail
C．try D．manage
答案 A
解析 like喜欢；fail失败；try尝试，努力；manage管理。人们喜欢同情别人。它可以引发人们的共鸣。A选项正确。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·河北武邑中学五模)
Can you imagine the world full of crying and shouting，covered in darkness? However，it’s not just a joke.It’s a real 52. (describe) of a world without happiness and laughter.
If you compare our life to a pie，what would you put in if you were in charge of making the pie？53. (obvious)，many people would add as much happiness as possible.Do you know why? It’s 54. happiness stands for sweetness in most people’s minds.
Don’t think of it just as a comparison.Happiness is a flower 55. (live) in the sunshine，and it is not difficult to reach for it.We have a variety of 56. (emotion) like sadness，anger，fear，enthusiasm and happiness，and they all appear naturally when something 57. (affect) our feelings.So，if we can change our attitude 58. things in the world，we can certainly adjust our emotions.It means that we can choose to be happy if we want to，as long as we view everything in 59. positive way.
If we can be happy，why not 60. (choice) to be? Let’s try together to create a world 61. (fill) with smiling faces and sunshine.
语篇解读 本文讲述了如何做一个快乐的人。我们常常被各种各样的情绪影响着，如果我们可以改变对这个世界的态度，就可以把我们的情绪调整在良好的状态。这就意味着如果我们想做一个快乐的人，就要用积极的方式看待事物。
52．答案 description
解析 考查名词。句意为：这是一个没有幸福和笑声的世界的真实描述。分析句子可知，空处被形容词real修饰，其前又有冠词a，故用其名词形式description。
53．答案 Obviously
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处在句子中作状语修饰整个句子，所以要用副词形式，故填Obviously。
54．答案 because
解析 考查连词。根据前一句“Do you know why？”可知，要用because回答。
55．答案 living
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空在句子中作flower的定语，而flower与动词live是主动关系，意为“幸福就是一朵开在阳光下的花”，故填living。
56．答案 emotions
解析 考查名词单复数。a variety of后跟可数名词复数，故用复数形式emotions。
57．答案 affects
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。文中affect的主语是something，又由句中的have和appear可知时态用一般现在时，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故填affects。
58．答案 to/towards
解析 考查固定搭配。the attitude to/towards...为固定搭配，意为“对待……的态度”，故填to/towards。
59．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。句意为：如果我们愿意，只要我们以一种积极的方式看待每件事，我们就可以选择快乐。这里指“一种”，表泛指，故填a。
60．答案 choose
解析 考查固定句式。Why not＋动词原形，意为“为什么不……呢？”，所以本句中用动词原形choose。句意为：如果我们能快乐，为什么不选择快乐呢？
61．答案 filled
解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：让我们一起努力创造一个充满微笑和阳光的世界。(be) filled with...为固定搭配，意为“充满……”，所以填filled。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近几个月你每天都和英国朋友Alice通过网络练习口语，但这周末你因回乡下看望祖父母而无法继续练习。请你给Alice写封邮件，表达歉意。内容包括：
1．无法继续练习口语的原因；
2．何时继续开始练习。
注意：
1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Alice，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Alice，
I am indeed sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to do oral practice with you this weekend.
During the past few months，we have made it a rule to set aside one hour for oral practice.I have made great progress in my spoken English.However，I will go back to my hometown to visit my grandparents this weekend.Since there is no WiFi signal，I won’t keep practicing with you.I’ll return home next Monday，so we can continue practicing then.
I hope this will not cause you any inconvenience.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
基础知识默写
1．academic adj.学术的
2．province n．省(份)
3．enthusiastic adj.热心的
enthusiasm n．热情
4．amazing adj.令人吃惊的；令人惊讶的
amazed adj.吃惊的
amaze vt.使吃惊
amazement n．吃惊；惊讶
5．information n．信息
inform vt.通知，告知
6．website n．网站；网址
7．instruction n．(常作复数)指示；说明
instruct vt.指示；指导
instructor n．导师；教师
8．method n．方法
9．bored adj.厌烦的；厌倦的
boring adj.没趣的；令人厌倦的
boredom n．厌烦；厌倦
10．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；难堪的；困窘的
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；令人难堪的
embarrass vt.使尴尬
embarrassment n．尴尬；窘迫
11．attitude n．态度
12．behaviour n．行为；举动
behave v．表现；使守规矩
13．impress vt.使印象深刻
impression n．印象
impressive adj.令人印象深刻的
14．encouragement n．鼓励；激励
encourage vt.鼓励；激励
discourage(反) vt.使灰心；阻拦
15．fluency n．流利 流畅
fluent adj.流利的；流畅的
16．disappointed adj.失望的
disappointing adj.令人失望的
disappoint vt.使失望
disappointment n．失望
17．teenager n．少年
18．cover vt.包含；遮盖 n．封面；覆盖物
19．comprehension n．理解，领悟
20．previous adj.以前的；从前的
21．description n．记述；描述
describe vt.记述；描述
22．technology n．技术
technological adj.技术的
23．correction n．改正；纠正
correct vt.纠正；改正 adj.正确的
24．assistant n．助手；助理
assist vt.帮助；援助
assistance n．帮助；援助
25．enjoyment n．享受；乐趣
enjoy vt.享受；喜欢
26．disappear vi.消失
appear(反) vi.出现；露面
27．diploma n．文凭；毕业证书
28．system n．制度；体系；系统
29．misunderstanding n．误解
30．far from远离；完全不
31．nothing like毫不相似；完全不像
32．in other words换句话说
33．look forward to期待；盼望
34．at the start/end of在……开始/结束的时候
35．go to college上大学
36．be divided into被(划)分成……
37．take part in参加
38．The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms Shen.老师是一位姓沈的热心女士。
39．I don’t think I will be bored in Ms Shen’s class!
我认为上沈老师的课我是不会感到厌倦的！
40．In other words，there are three times as many girls as boys.换句话说，女生人数是男生的三倍。
基础知识夯实
Ⅰ.语境填词
1．If the new safety system(系统) had been put to use，the accident would never have happened.
2．It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method(方法)．
3．I had to change my attitude(态度) to their ability and potential.(2018·天津)
4．Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers(青少年)，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.
5．But compared with previous(之前的) studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.
6．The little girl looked up，amazed(amaze)，as though she had come face to face with a superhero.
7．President Xi Jinping delivered a keynote speech at the opening ceremony of the Belt and Road Forum (BRF) (一带一路论坛)，which made a deep impression(impress) on the audience.
8．As is often the case，an acceptable social behaviour(behave) in one country may be unacceptable in another.
9．As these shells in my hands became brilliantly colourful under the sunlight，I was so pleased beyond description(describe)．
10．Livia continued to live quietly in the countryside，in the full enjoyment(enjoy) of the scenery，until her death at an advanced age.
11．The city was crowded with disappointed(disappoint) people with no interest in settling down.
(2018·全国Ⅲ)
12．However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions(instruct) are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.(2016·全国Ⅰ)
13．The teacher had written a random series of thirty numbers and letters which Howie repeated in a bored(bore) voice.
14．Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students’ attention to speaking more fluently(fluent)．
15．Thanks to your encouragement(encourage)，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university.
Ⅱ.选词成篇
I had been 1.looking forward to the coming of my Senior High school life for months.When the day finally came，what I saw was actually 2.nothing like what I had experienced in the past.I know I have reached a time in my life when I am supposed to make decisions 3.by myself.4.In other words，I ought to be independent.However,5.far from being nervous，I feel excited about the new challenges.
6．At the start of the new term，our class is 7.divided into six groups so that an atmosphere of competition can be established.I think it 8.is similar to the Olympic Games.I am fully convinced that all of our group members will enthusiastically 9.take part in the group activities.With our joint efforts，we are to make amazing accomplishments 10.at the end of the day.
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(make＋宾语＋宾补)(2018·全国Ⅰ)
该评论的两位作者还在2014年发表了一项研究，表明每天仅仅跑5到10分钟就能降低心脏病和各种原因导致的早逝的风险。
2．The style of the campus is quite different from that of most Chinese universities.(替代词that的用法)(2018·全国Ⅲ)
这个校园的风格和大多数中国大学的风格截然不同。
3．I don’t think what he said is relevant to the topic we are discussing.(否定转移)
我认为他说的话与我们正在讨论的主题无关。
4．Americans eat only about fifteen pounds of fish per person per year，but we eat twice as much fish in restaurants as at home.(倍数表达法)(2016·全国Ⅲ)
美国人每年只吃大约15磅的鱼，但我们在餐馆吃鱼的量是家里的两倍。
5．The meeting held yesterday is of great importance.(过去分词短语作定语)
昨天举行的会议非常重要。
1．变b/be为p再加tion构成名词
(1)describe→description 描述
(2)subscribe→subscription 订阅
(3)prescribe→prescription 处方
(4)absorb→absorption 吸收
2．“参加”集中营
(1)take part in 参加
(2)join in加入；参加
(3)participate in参加
(4)enter into参与
(5)go in for参加；从事
3．“盼望；期望；渴望”聚焦
(1)look forward to盼望
(2)be anxious/eager for/to do...渴望……
(3)be dying for/to do...想要……
(4)long for/to do...渴望……
(5)be thirsty/hungry for 渴望
4．常见的含有介词to的短语动词集合
(1)look forward to盼望；期待
(2)contribute to导致；造成
(3)lead to导致
(4)adapt/adjust to适应
(5)object to/be opposed to反对
(6)be used/accustomed to习惯于
(7)get/settle down to开始做……
(8)be devoted to专心于
(9)stick to坚持
(10)pay attention to注意
(1)follow the instructions按照说明；服从指示；执行命令
under one’s instructions在某人的指导下
(2)instruct v．指导，教导；指示；吩咐；命令；讲授
instruct sb.to do sth.指示某人做某事
as instructed依照指示
(3)instructor n．指导者；教练
instructive adj.有教育意义的；有启发的
(1)I saw there were two instructors(instruct) on board and a man lying across the middle.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(2)The film is believed to be instructive(instruct) and full of emotion.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
(3)Under Tom’s instructions，I learned how to operate the computer.
[同义句改写]
(4)My boss instructed me to type(type) the letters quickly.
→My boss instructed me that I (should) type the letters quickly.
(5)We’re standing at a distance following the instructions.
→We’re standing at a distance，as instructed.
易错点拨 instruct后跟从句时，从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词用(should) do。
(1)be/get bored with对……厌烦
(2)bore v．使厌烦；n.令人讨厌的人/事
bore sb.with用……使某人厌烦
(3)boring adj.无聊的；令人厌烦的
(1)Are you a bit bored with your ninetofive routine？(2018·安徽六安一中模拟)
(2)He said that was the most boring(bore) job he had ever done.
(3)Jack was bored with/was tired of/was fed up with/was sick of(厌倦了) listening to the same music.
[句式升级]
(4)He was bored with that boring speech and left the lecture hall.(用形容词短语作状语改写)
Bored with that boring speech，he left the lecture hall.
(1)be amazed at/by对……感到惊讶
be amazed to do...做……很惊讶
(2)amazement n．吃惊，惊讶
in amazement惊讶地
to one’s amazement使某人惊讶的是
(3)amazing adj.令人惊讶的
(1)Many visitors were amazed(amaze) by the complex architectural space and abundant building types.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
(2)Little Tom sat amazed(amaze)，watching the monkey dancing in front of him.
(3)[一句多译] 使我惊奇的是，他把这首诗全部背诵了出来。
①To my amazement，he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazement)
②It amazed me that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(it作形式主语)
③What amazed me was that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(what引导的主语从句)
④I was amazed that he was able to recite the whole poem from memory.(amazed)
(1)impress...on...把……印在……上
impress sth.on/upon sb.＝impress sb.with sth.使某人牢记某事
be impressed by/with...对……印象深刻
(2)impression n．印象；影响；印记；感想
leave/make/create a(n)．..impression on sb.给某人留下一个……的印象
(3)impressive adj.给人深刻印象的；感人的
(1)Impressed(impress) with his student’s honesty，he gave her a new computer.
他学生的诚实给他留下了深刻印象，他给了她一台新电脑。
(2)My first impression(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.
他给我的第一印象是，他是一个和善且关心别人的年轻人。
(3)Father impressed the value of hard work on/upon me./Father impressed me with the value of hard work.父亲让我铭记努力工作的重要性。
[句式升级]
(4)I was impressed by the beautiful scenery and forgot to go back home in time.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
Impressed by the beautiful scenery，I forgot to go back home in time.
(1)be disappointed at/by/about...对……失望
be disappointed to do...因做……而失望
(2)disappointment n．[U]失望；[C]令人失望的人或事物
to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是
(3)disappointing adj.令人失望的
(1)One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed(disappoint) looks on their faces.
(2)The speech was quite disappointing(disappoint)；it left out some main questions.
(3)[一句多译] 让我们失望的是，他考试没及格。
①To our disappointment，he failed the exam.
②That he failed the exam disappointed us/made us disappointed.
③What disappointed us was that he failed the exam.
④We were disappointed at/about/by his failing the exam.
cover v.盖，覆盖；包括，涉及；报道；足以支付；行走(一段路程)；占(一片面积)
n.封皮；盖子；套子；表面
be covered with/by被……覆盖
cover an area of...占地面积为……
under (the) cover of在……的掩护下；趁着……
[写出下列句子中cover的汉语意思]
(1)The talks are expected to cover other topics too.涉及
(2)The reserve covers an area of 1,000 square kilometres.占
(3)Those figures might not even cover the cost of damage.足以支付
(4)He did cartoons and covers for the New Yorker magazine.封面，封皮
(5)The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.(2018·全国Ⅲ)覆盖
(6)We will send the best journalist to cover the whole game.报道
keep one’s word守信用；履行诺言
break one’s word/promise违背诺言；食言
in a/one word总之
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb.和某人吵架
beyond words无法用语言表达
eat one’s words收回前言；承认说错了话
word came/comes that...有消息传来说……
[根据语境用word短语的正确形式填空]
(1)He told me that he had words with the manager and lost his position.
(2)How can we improve medical care to benefit people？In other words，how can we create a healthcare system that helps people?
(3)Jack is good，kind，hardworking and intelligent.In a/one word，I can’t speak too highly of him.
(4)Mary kept her word and returned all the money.
(5)Being the office supervisor，I had to have a word with the new employee who never arrived at work on time.
look down on/upon看不起
look into调查；研究；向……里面看
look through浏览；仔细查看；审核
look up向上看；查阅
look up to尊敬，敬仰
look back on回忆，回顾
look at注视；看待
(1)I would appreciate it if you could tell me more information about the activity.I’m looking forward to receiving(receive) your earliest reply.
(2)The day that he had been looking forward to came(come) at last.
(3)He looked forward to see(see) who was making a loud noise in the crowd.
divide...between/among...在……之间分配……
divide...by...……除以……
(1)When you go to the library，all of the books will be divided into different categories.
(2018·安徽安庆三模)
(2)Divide the cake into halves/in half(两半)．
(3)[同义句改写] If you divide 21 by 3，you’ll get 7.
→21 divided by 3 equals 7.
易错点拨 表示把某物分成几部分，divide可与in和into连用，其区别是：若divide后面只有数词(即数词后没有名词)，则可用in或into；若divide后的数词后接有名词，则通常只能用into。如：Divide the apple in/into four(into four parts)．
否定转移即将think，believe，suppose，imagine，expect等动词后面的宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。在构成反意疑问句时，视情况有不同的表达方式：
(1)当主句的主语为第一人称时，其后的反意疑问句应与从句保持一致。
(2)当主句的主语为第二、三人称时，其后的反意疑问句应与主句保持一致。
(1)I don’t believe that most Americans have ever considered the present situation thoroughly.
我认为大部分美国人都没有认真考虑过目前的情况。
(2)I don’t think it is necessary to apply for the badlypaid job in such a hurry，is it?
我认为没有必要匆忙申请这份待遇不好的工作，是吧？
(3)In some cases，an male interviewer doesn’t expect you to be able to answer a tricky question，but simply to see how you handle it，does he?
在某些情况下，男性面试官不希望你能回答出一个多么棘手的问题，而仅仅看你怎么处理它，是吗？
倍数的表达方式：
(1)倍数＋as...as...
(2)倍数＋比较级＋than
(3)倍数＋the size/height/length/width/...＋of...
(4)倍数＋what从句
[一句多译] 据说该发电厂现在是以前的三倍大。
(1)It’s said that the power plant is now three times as large as what it was.
(2)It’s said that the power plant is now three times the size of what it was.
(3)It’s said that the power plant is now three times larger than what it was.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．And，even if I weren’t excited enough about free credits，news about our instructor(instruct) was appealing enough to me，who was an international grandmaster.
2．On March 19，Dennis got a group text informing(inform) him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital，waiting for the arrival of a baby.(2018·全国Ⅲ)
3．Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavio(u)r(behave)，and correct bad habits.
(2018·北京)
4．Students are encouraged to consider(consider) the way language changes over time.
5．Hundreds of people have formed impressions(impress) of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.(2016·全国Ⅱ)
6．The wind blew nonstop，and all the food I ate，and the very air I breathed，were covered(cover) with sand，sand，sand！(2016·浙江)
7．The two countries participated in a program similar to what they had involved in the past.
8．Would you like to share your attitude to/towards senior high students’ taking up parttime jobs?
9．The book divided(divide) into seven parts covers all aspects of health and safety at work.
10．The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged(discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
Ⅱ.单元知识运用
写作素材(关于校园)
1．第一天我对新学校印象深刻。
2．首先，新学校和我从前的学校一点儿也不一样。
3．我对我的英语老师印象深刻，他热情，工作态度积极。(定语从句)
4．他的课如此有趣以至于我总是期待着上英语课。(so...that句型)
5．最后，在老师的指导和鼓励下，我下定决心积极参加课外活动，我的同学也是如此。
6．我坚信我们一定会取得巨大的进步。
连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文
11．I am deeply impressed with my new school on the first day.First and foremost，it is 12.nothing like my previous school.Besides，what impresses me most is my English teacher,13.who is enthusiastic and has a positive attitude to his teaching.His class is 14.so interesting that I am looking forward to attending his class.What’s more，under the teacher’s instruction and encouragement,15.I am determined to take an active part in afterschool activities and so do my classmates.I hold the firm belief that 16.we will make great progress.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
话题：人际关系 难度星级：☆☆
A day in the life of 18yearold David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff：school，baseball practice and homework.And then he starts cooking.“Some nights I’m up until 1∶00 a．m. making pies，or even later if we’re cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades School in Florida，U.S.
For the past year，Lanster and Kelly Moran，his classmate，have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster’s parents’ home.Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by them.Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity(慈善)．“We got some really great Miami Heat tickets，a nice watch，and many kitchen gadgets(小器具)，”Lanster said.“But we wanted to make this something positive for people other than us.”
Lanster and Moran focused on Common Threads，a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices.The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals.It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster’s parents cover their food costs.After their last 12person event，Lanster and Moran gave $1,600 to the charity.
Now，they’re taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road.They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model：the host pays for the ingredients，and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.
Without formal training，Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young.He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs.Outside the kitchen，the two are busy preparing their college applications.Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future，but they’ve promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.
语篇解读 本文讲述的是年轻人戴维·兰斯特和同学凯利·莫兰放学后举办晚宴，捐款给慈善机构的故事。
17．How is Lanster’s life different from other teenagers’ lives?
A．He plans to become a professional chef.
B．He plays baseball every day after school.
C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.
D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，兰斯特的生活与其他同龄人的不同之处在于，他在放学后会举办晚宴。
18．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?
A．Receive thankyou cards from the guests.
B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.
C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.
D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，私人晚宴过后，兰斯特和莫兰会让客人向慈善机构捐款。
19．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?
A．Ambitious. B．Generous.
C．Creative. D．Optimistic.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“After their last 12person event，Lanster and Moran gave $1,600 to the charity.”可知，两个年轻人通过举办私人晚宴，迄今为止已经向这家慈善机构捐赠了1 600美元。由此可推出，这两个孩子是非常慷慨的。
话题：自然 难度星级：☆☆☆
Scientists have identified the order of the gene of the giraffe for the first time to help explain how the tallest animals on earth developed their remarkably long necks.
Being a giraffe is not easy.To pump blood two meters up from the chest to the brain calls for a powerful heart and twice the blood pressure of other mammals.Giraffes also need special safety system to let them bend down for a drink and raise their heads again without feeling dizzy.
The animals’ unique body structure has long been a puzzle for biologists，including Charles Darwin.Now，by comparing the gene of the giraffe with that of its closest relative，the shortnecked okapi，scientists have solved part of the puzzle by studying changes in a small number of genes responsible both for regulating body shape and circulation.This suggests that the development of a long neck and a powerful heart went hand in hand，driven by a relatively small number of genetic changes.
The interpretation of the genetic factors behind the giraffe’s remarkable heart system could also be instructive for human health，since the animals appear to avoid the kind of organ damage often found in people with high blood pressure.
The more fundamental question of why giraffes developed their long necks remains open，however.The apparently selfevident idea that it was to reach everhigher food supplies has been challenged in the past 20 years by a competing belief that it is actually due to competition among fighting males for females.
Unlike longnecked birds，which have additional vertebrae(椎骨)，giraffes have the same seven vertebrae found in all mammals，although theirs are greatly extended.
语篇解读 本文讲述了科学家第一次确定了长颈鹿的基因序列，由此明白了长颈鹿进化出长脖子的原因。
20．A strong heart is very important for a giraffe because it .
A．pumps blood to the brain high above its body
B．keeps the blood pressure at a normal level
C．helps the giraffe find a drink at lower places
D．keeps the giraffe safe in different environments
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，对于长颈鹿来说，一颗强大的心脏很重要，因为从心脏把血液输送到头部要上升两米的高度，血压是其他哺乳动物的两倍。
21．Scientists compare the gene of the giraffe with that of the shortnecked okapi because the latter .
A．has a quite special body structure
B．is a puzzle worth further study
C．is in the same family as the giraffe
D．has gone through few genetic changes
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，短脖子的霍加狓与长脖子的长颈鹿有着最亲近的亲缘关系，但是它们的形体差别却很大，比较两者的基因可以更好地了解长颈鹿的基因，由此可以推断出，科学家选择霍加狓是因为它们属于同一科(in the same family)。
22．Which possibly caused the giraffe to develop a long neck?
A．Its favorite food at high places.
B．Its attempts to attract females.
C．Its need to avoid organ damage.
D．Its greatly extended vertebrae.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句中的“by a competing belief that it is actually due to competition among fighting males for females”可知，人们认为长颈鹿的长脖子的形成是因为雄性长颈鹿之间会通过决斗来争夺雌性长颈鹿。
23．What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?
A．To introduce a new finding of science.
B．To explain genetic changes in animals.
C．To describe giraffes’ body structure.
D．To challenge a belief of twenty years.
答案 A
解析 写作意图题。根据文章结构可知，第一段是文章的中心段。科学家第一次确定了长颈鹿的基因序列，解释了最高的动物长颈鹿究竟是如何长出标志性的长脖子的。由此可以推断出本文的目的是介绍这项新的科学发现。
话题：科普知识 难度星级：☆☆☆
The right paint can add appeal to your walls—and now it can also make them smarter.Researchers recently transformed a wall into an outsize trackpad and motion sensor by using lowcost conductive paint to create a large grid of electrodes(电极)．
Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.It can also detect where electrical equipment is and whether it is switched on.The technology could someday turn on lights when a person enters a room，track a player’s motion in an interactive video game or monitor a child’s television use. “Walls are everywhere，so why not turn them into sensors for smart homes？”says Yang Zhang，a computer science doctoral student at Carnegie Mellon University，who helped to develop the concept.
To create the hightech surface，Zhang and his colleagues applied painter’s tape in a lattice(格子结构) pattern to a twelvebyeightfoot wall，and then coated it with commercially available conductive paint.Removing the tape left a pattern of diamondshaped electrodes，which the researchers connected using thin copper(铜) tape strips.Finally，they wired the strips to a custombuilt circuit board and covered the wall with standard latex(胶乳) paint.The entire project took four hours and cost less than $ 200.In theory，Zhang says，“Anyone can use the technique to make a wall smart.”
In the wall’s appliancedetection mode，the power is turned off.The researchers detected iPads up to 6.5 feet away from the wall；fans and floor lamps could be sensed from about 10 feet.Zhang and his colleagues presented the wall in April at the ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems.
“Engineers have long dreamed of technologies that blend into our surroundings，”says Christian Holz，a research scientist at Microsoft Research in Redmond，who did not participate in the work.“It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”
24.What can a smart wall do now according to the passage?
A．Detect people’s locations.
B．Turn on lights automatically.
C．Monitor a person’s television use.
D．Track humans’ movements at a close range.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Such a smart wall can sense human touch and track gestures from a short distance.”可知，智能墙壁可以近距离监测到人们的活动。故选D。
25．What can we learn about the smart wall?
A．It is easy to build.
B．It is cheap but timeconsuming.
C．It benefits people in many ways.
D．It adds appeal to the buildings.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。第二段中的“Such a smart wall can sense...whether it is switched on.”及后文的介绍体现了该发明给人们的生活带来了许多好处，故选C。
26．What is Christian Holz’s attitude towards this new invention?
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Neutral. D．Unknown.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。通过最后一段Christian Holz说的话“It nicely questions our understanding of what a device might be and demonstrates how rich sensing technology can combine with everyday objects.”可知，他认为智能墙壁的发明让我们对装置的概念有了不一样的理解，还展示了感应技术能够多么丰富地融入日常物品中，这些可以推断他对该发明持有积极的态度。
Ⅳ.七选五
(2018·嘉兴模拟)
How to Forgive Yourself
Kelly came home fired and discouraged from her job.She started yelling at everyone in the house.When she calmed down，she started to feel guilty and wanted her family to forgive her.
Does this story sound familiar? What about you？ 27
We sometimes make some mistakes. 28 When you hurt someone and start feeling guilty，the first thing yon need to do is forgive yourself before you ask others to forgive you.Whether you screamed at your child，hurt your partner or lied to your friend，it is necessary to forgive yourself for your benefit.
To learn how to forgive yourself，follow the guide below：
◆ 29 If it is something simple such as screaming at your child or your partner，then work on understanding yourself and emotions.It is also necessary to understand why you took this action for which you have to forgive yourself now.
◆After you have known about your mistake，you need to learn your lesson from it，so you won’t repent it.Ask yourself，what can you learn from what you have done? 30
◆Realize that you are a human and everyone makes mistakes or does things they are not proud of. 31 All it will do is to cause you pain，sorrow，stress，and it could lead you into low spirits.Therefore，it is better to make a decision to forgive yourself.
Always remember the saying，“We achieve inner health only through forgiveness，the forgiveness not only of others but also of ourselves.”
A．Recognize your behavior and what you have done.
B．It is of great help if you just ignore what led to the situation.
C．If you stay upset and angry at yourself，this will not benefit you.
D．Have you done something you feel you can’t forgive yourself for?
E．Do you hate yourself so much that you feel life is coming to an end?
F．We also hurt others intentionally and unintentionally now and then.
G．Do you have to change some habits or behavior to avoid such experiences?
答案 27.D 28.F 29.A 30.G 31.C
Ⅴ.完形填空
(2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考)
One doctor is being recognized as the best doctor.He ever took the time to 32 a young patient’s broken toy.
The little boy，Ryan，has several health 33 .The 9yearold has had eight operations in his life，so when he went to Children’s Hospital for 34 in early November，he brought along his favorite toy for 35 .
His doctor，Groth，noticed the oneeyed toy was a little shabby and decided to 36 by sewing it back up，just like he 37 Ryan.“You might think this is his fourth or fifth one，” Groth said.“He is extremely 38 to this toy.” When Ryan woke up from his operation to find his 39 recovering by his side，he was very 40 .“With this little guy，I think it made a big 41 ，”Groth said.“From a 42 aspect it helps a lot and it 43 him.”
The 44yearold doctor has seen many kids come in with 44 toys and has made it a 45 to sew them up whenever he can.This was the first time， 46 ，that someone caught him in the act.He didn’t know the 47 was being taken，but since it was 48 to the website，it’s been liked over 13,000 times， 49 the attention of local and national media.
The doctor has a pretty good theory about why his small 50 has gotten so much attention online.“People just 51 to see sympathy for others.It resonates(引起共鸣)．”
That it does doctor，that it does.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。一位医生为生病住院的小病人缝补破旧的玩具。他的举动被人拍了照并上传到了网上，引起了广泛的关注。
32．A.put away B．sew up
C．play with D．wash up
答案 B
解析 put away把……收起来；sew up缝起来；play with玩……，和……一起玩；wash up洗手洗脸。由第三段中的“by sewing it back up”可知，医生缝补玩具。故选B项。
33．A.care B．education
C．problems D．benefits
答案 C
解析 care关心，在意；education教育；problem问题；benefit好处，利益。由第一段可知，Ryan是一个病人，所以他存在健康问题。故选C项。
34．A.operation B．advice
C．training D．complaint
答案 A
解析 operation操作，手术；advice建议；training训练；complaint抱怨，投诉。由前半句可知，Ryan去医院进行手术。故A选项正确。
35．A.treatment B．repair
C．donation D．comfort
答案 D
解析 treatment治疗；repair修理；donation捐赠；comfort安慰，舒服。他带着自己最喜欢的玩具寻求(心理上的)安慰。故选D项。
36．A.operate B．help
C．exchange D．foster
答案 B
解析 operate操作；help帮助；exchange交换；foster培育，培养。医生决定通过缝补男孩的玩具来帮助男孩。故B选项正确。
37．A.worried about B．called for
C．did with D．picked up
答案 C
解析 worry about担心；call for需要，要求；do with处理；pick up捡起。医生决定缝补玩具，就像他给男孩做手术时把男孩的伤口缝起来一样。故C选项正确。
38．A.attached B．devoted
C．limited D．attracted
答案 A
解析 attach重视；devote献身，致力于；limit限制；attract吸引。be attached to意为“喜欢”。由第二段中的“his favorite toy”可知，小男孩非常喜欢这个玩具。故A选项正确。
39．A.injury B．parents
C．doctor D．toy
答案 D
解析 injury伤害；parent(父)母；doctor医生；toy玩具。当Ryan从手术中醒来时，他发现自己的玩具就在自己的身边。故D选项正确。该段中的“With this little guy”亦是提示。
40．A.painful B．excited
C．energetic D．pessimistic
答案 B
解析 painful痛苦的；excited兴奋的；energetic精力充沛的；pessimistic悲观的。孩子发现自己最喜欢的玩具在自己的身边，他非常兴奋。故B选项正确。
41．A.effort B．smile
C．difference D．noise
答案 C
解析 effort努力；smile微笑；difference区别，不同；noise噪音。make a difference有影响，起作用。医生认为这个玩具起了很大作用。故选C项。
42．A.commercial B．moral
C．finance D．recovery
答案 D
解析 commercial商业的；moral道德；finance财政，金融；recovery恢复。男孩做了手术，玩具有助于他的恢复。D选项正确。
43．A.relaxes B．approaches
C．serves D．reminds
答案 A
解析 relax放松；approach接近；serve为……服务；remind提醒，使想起。玩具使男孩心情放松，有助于他恢复。A选项正确。
44．A.carefullychosen B．wellworn
C．newlydesigned D．brandnew
答案 B
解析 carefullychosen精心挑选的；wellworn用旧了的；newlydesigned新设计的；brandnew崭新的。由下文中的“sew them up”可知，孩子们带来的都是旧玩具，医生缝补它们。故选B项。
45．A.career B．view
C．home D．practice
答案 D
解析 career职业，事业；view观点，视野；home家；practice习惯。为小病人缝补玩具成了这位医生的一个习惯。D选项正确。
46．A.therefore B．besides
C．however D．instead
答案 C
解析 therefore因此；besides此外；however然而；instead代替，相反地。上一句提到医生经常为小病人们缝补玩具，该句提到这是第一次被人抓拍到他在做这件事。两句话之间是转折关系。故C选项正确。
47．A.photo B．toy
C．measure D．seat
答案 A
解析 photo照片；toy玩具；measure措施；seat座位。由后文的the website可知，医生不知道有人正在拍照。故A选项正确。
48．A.delivered B．posted
C．applied D．fastened
答案 B
解析 deliver递送；post张贴，发布；apply申请，应用；fasten把……拴紧。拍照的人将照片放到了网站上。B选项正确。
49．A.requiring B．switching
C．avoiding D．catching
答案 D
解析 require要求；switch转换；avoid避免；catch抓住。这张照片被点赞13 000多次，吸引了当地和全国媒体的关注。catch one’s attention吸引……的注意力。D选项正确。
50．A.change B．progress
C．gesture D．misfortune
答案 C
解析 change改变；progress进展；gesture动作，手势；misfortune不幸。医生小小的举动在网上引发了很多的关注。C选项正确。
51．A.like B．fail
C．try D．manage
答案 A
解析 like喜欢；fail失败；try尝试，努力；manage管理。人们喜欢同情别人。它可以引发人们的共鸣。A选项正确。
Ⅵ.语法填空
(2018·河北武邑中学五模)
Can you imagine the world full of crying and shouting，covered in darkness? However，it’s not just a joke.It’s a real 52. (describe) of a world without happiness and laughter.
If you compare our life to a pie，what would you put in if you were in charge of making the pie？53. (obvious)，many people would add as much happiness as possible.Do you know why? It’s 54. happiness stands for sweetness in most people’s minds.
Don’t think of it just as a comparison.Happiness is a flower 55. (live) in the sunshine，and it is not difficult to reach for it.We have a variety of 56. (emotion) like sadness，anger，fear，enthusiasm and happiness，and they all appear naturally when something 57. (affect) our feelings.So，if we can change our attitude 58. things in the world，we can certainly adjust our emotions.It means that we can choose to be happy if we want to，as long as we view everything in 59. positive way.
If we can be happy，why not 60. (choice) to be? Let’s try together to create a world 61. (fill) with smiling faces and sunshine.
语篇解读 本文讲述了如何做一个快乐的人。我们常常被各种各样的情绪影响着，如果我们可以改变对这个世界的态度，就可以把我们的情绪调整在良好的状态。这就意味着如果我们想做一个快乐的人，就要用积极的方式看待事物。
52．答案 description
解析 考查名词。句意为：这是一个没有幸福和笑声的世界的真实描述。分析句子可知，空处被形容词real修饰，其前又有冠词a，故用其名词形式description。
53．答案 Obviously
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，空处在句子中作状语修饰整个句子，所以要用副词形式，故填Obviously。
54．答案 because
解析 考查连词。根据前一句“Do you know why？”可知，要用because回答。
55．答案 living
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本空在句子中作flower的定语，而flower与动词live是主动关系，意为“幸福就是一朵开在阳光下的花”，故填living。
56．答案 emotions
解析 考查名词单复数。a variety of后跟可数名词复数，故用复数形式emotions。
57．答案 affects
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。文中affect的主语是something，又由句中的have和appear可知时态用一般现在时，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数，故填affects。
58．答案 to/towards
解析 考查固定搭配。the attitude to/towards...为固定搭配，意为“对待……的态度”，故填to/towards。
59．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。句意为：如果我们愿意，只要我们以一种积极的方式看待每件事，我们就可以选择快乐。这里指“一种”，表泛指，故填a。
60．答案 choose
解析 考查固定句式。Why not＋动词原形，意为“为什么不……呢？”，所以本句中用动词原形choose。句意为：如果我们能快乐，为什么不选择快乐呢？
61．答案 filled
解析 考查固定搭配。句意为：让我们一起努力创造一个充满微笑和阳光的世界。(be) filled with...为固定搭配，意为“充满……”，所以填filled。
Ⅶ.应用文写作
假定你是李华，最近几个月你每天都和英国朋友Alice通过网络练习口语，但这周末你因回乡下看望祖父母而无法继续练习。请你给Alice写封邮件，表达歉意。内容包括：
1．无法继续练习口语的原因；
2．何时继续开始练习。
注意：
1．词数80左右；开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Alice，
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
参考范文
Dear Alice，
I am indeed sorry to tell you that I won’t be able to do oral practice with you this weekend.
During the past few months，we have made it a rule to set aside one hour for oral practice.I have made great progress in my spoken English.However，I will go back to my hometown to visit my grandparents this weekend.Since there is no WiFi signal，I won’t keep practicing with you.I’ll return home next Monday，so we can continue practicing then.
I hope this will not cause you any inconvenience.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
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