2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：选修6Unit4UnderstandingPeople

Unit 4　Understanding People


一、单词——
写 得 准
用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.stare vi.　　　 盯着看；凝视
2.adjust vi.(to) 适应
3.despite_ prep. 不管；尽管
4.sense vt. 觉得
n. 感觉
5.request vt. 请求
n. 请求；要求
6.creativity n. 创造力；创造性
7.diligence n．勤奋，勤勉→diligent adj.勤勉的；用功的
8.severely adv.严重地→severe adj.严重的
9.grown adj.成年的；长大的→grow vi.成年；长大；扩大；增加→growth n．成长；发育；增加；增长
10.engage vi.从事于→engaged adj.已订婚的；占线的→engagement n．订婚；约定
11.shameful adj.可耻的；丢脸的→shame n. 羞愧；羞耻
12.envious adj.妒忌的，羡慕的→envy n．妒忌，羡慕 vt.妒忌，羡慕
13.bend vi.倾斜，偏向→bent adj.弯曲的n.特长；爱好
14.behave vt.行为检点，举止恰当而有礼貌→behaviour n．行为；表现
15.inform vt.通知，告诉→information n．信息→informative adj.提供信息的
16.occasionally adv.不时地；偶然地→occasional adj.不时的；偶然的→occasion n．时机，机会；场合；理由
1.He was envious (envy) when he heard his best friend got admitted to Harvard University.
2.Such shameful (shame) behaviour will certainly ruin his fame.
3.I couldn’t get through to him; the line was engaged (engage)．
4.Apart from an occasional (occasion) noise from the elephant’s stomach, the forest was silent.
5.After the boy was severely (severe) injured in his leg, he was sent to the nearby hospital immediately.
6.Her diligence (diligent) must have something to do with his success.
7.The child behaved so well in class that the teacher praised his good behaviour in front of others.(behave)
8.US export to China has grown by 330% over the past decade.It grew by 33.8% in the first three quarters of this year.I am wondering whether the growth is beneficial to China’s economy.(grow)
9.Please keep him informed of the project.Once you get any information,_inform him of it as soon as possible.(inform)

⇩

1.网罗­are结尾单词
①stare v．盯着看
②glare v. 怒目而视
③dare v. 敢于
④fare n. 费用
⑤aware v. 知道
⑥bare adj. 赤裸的
⑦rare adj. 罕见的
⑧share v. 分享
⑨spare v. 抽出(时间)
2.后缀­th名词集锦
①growth　成长
②length 长度
③warmth 温暖
④wealth 财富
⑤strength 力量
3．词根­form单词荟萃
①inform v. 通知，告诉
②reform v. 改革
③perform v. 执行
④transform v．　　使……变形
⑤uniform n. 制服
⑥formal adj. 正式的
4．巧记ad­开头的单词
①adjust v. 调节；适应
②advance n．/v. 前进；发展
③adventure n. 冒险
④admire v. 羡慕；钦佩
⑤admit v. 承认；准许进入
⑥advantage n. 优势

二、短语——
写 得 准
用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)
1.grow_up　长大；成长
2.let_on 承认；泄露秘密
3.start_out 出发；起程；着手进行
4.adjust_to 调整以适应
5.engage_in 从事于(参加)
6.on_leave 休假；在休假
7.pull_out 取出；抽出；退出
8.lose_one’s_balance 失去平衡
9.turn_around 转身
10.pick_sb.up_(by_...)_ (抓住……)把某人拽起来
11.hold_up 阻挡；拦截
12.leave_sth.behind_(sb.) 把……留在/忘在某处
13.come_to 苏醒，醒过来
14.call_for_... 呼唤，叫喊；要求；需要
15.turn_out 原来是，到头来，结果是
1.The bus was held_up by the snowstorm, causing the delay.
2.I plan to engage_in my cousin’s wedding party on Sunday.
3.With the wind blowing hard, it is easy for the competitors to lose_their_balance.
4.When the man came_to,_he found himself in a hospital bed.
5.The weather turned_out to be fine yesterday.I needn’t have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.
6.The project became so expensive that we had to pull_out.
7.Having suffered a lot from wars, people in that area call_for an end to wars eagerly.
8.She tried her best to adjust_to the life there, but failed to make any difference.
⇩
1.“v.＋out”短语一览
①start out　　 出发
②pick out 选出
③carry out 执行；进行
④stand out 突出；显眼
⑤figure out 计算；弄清楚
2.leave短语全接触
①leave behind　　留下；遗忘
②leave ...alone 不管；不顾
③leave out 省去；遗漏
④leave for 动身前往(某处)
⑤leave aside 搁置一边；不考虑
3.call短语小结
①call for　要求；需要
②call at 拜访(某地)
③call on 拜访(某人)
④call up 使回忆起
⑤call in 召集；收回

三、句式——

背 原 句
明 句 式
学 仿 写
1.He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor did he show any envy of the more fortunate or able.
他从不说自己可怜，也从不妒忌别人的幸运和能力。
部分倒装：nor/neither＋be动词/情态动词/助动词＋主语＋其他。
我昨天晚上没有写作文。魏芳也没写。
I didn’t write my composition yesterday evening.Nor/Neither_did_Wei_Fang.
2.And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office.
当我休假回家时，他必定要我到他的办公室。
see to it that ...“保证/确保……”，it 是形式宾语，代替作真正宾语的that从句。
请注意箱子上要注明“易碎品”的标记。
Please see_to_it_that the cases are marked with “fragile”．

3.She was walking alone when a boy ran up behind her and tried to snatch her purse.
她正一个人走着，突然有一个少年从她身后跑过来试图夺她的包。
be doing ...when ...“正在做……这时……”。
我们正在讨论问题，这时有人敲门。
We were_discussing_the_problem_when someone knocked at the door.





第一板块核心单词归纳集释
1．despite prep.不管；尽管
[高考佳句]　Despite the poor service of the hotel，the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff.(2018·江苏高考单选)
尽管宾馆的服务很差，但经理仍然不愿意投资对员工进行充分的培训。
despite＝in spite of　　　　 尽管；不管
regardless of 不管；不顾
①Despite/In_spite_of the high mountains and thick forests, the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到事故地点，实施救援。
②The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same, regardless_of the basis of these friendships.
不管男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。
[名师指津]　(1)表让步意义的介词： regardless of, in spite of, despite后接名词、代词或动名词。
(2)表让步意义的连词： although, though, as作“虽然，尽管”讲时，是连词，引导让步状语从句。
2．envious adj.妒忌的，羡慕的
[教材原句]　I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of another’s good fortune, and when I don’t have a “good heart”．
当我抱怨一些琐事，当我羡慕另一个好运气，当我没有一个“好心情” 时，我就想起他。
(1)be envious of　　　　　　 羡慕，妒忌
(2)envy n．/vt. 羡慕，妒忌
envy sb.sth. 羡慕/妒忌某人某事
in/with envy 妒忌地
out of envy 出于妒忌
①I’m envious of your progress in English.
我真羡慕你在英语方面取得的进步。
②He thinks that Smith did him down, perhaps out_of_envy.
他认为史密斯说他坏话，也许是出于妒忌。
③“You are so lucky to have a brother，” said the boy with_envy.
“你真幸运有个哥哥，”男孩羡慕地说。

3．bend vi.(bent, bent) (指人的身体或头部)倾斜，偏向
[教材原句]　“Are you taking me to prison？” asked the boy, bending over the wash basin.
“你要带我去监狱吗？”男孩问，弯腰去够洗手盆。
(1)bend down/over　　 弯身；弯腰
bend back (使)向后弯、翻或屈
bend into (使)蜷曲成；(使)弯曲成
bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服
(2)bent adj. 弯曲的；贪污受贿的；不诚实的
n. 特长；爱好
be bent on doing sth. 决心要做，一心想做(通常指坏事)
①Tony was so tall that he had to bend down to get through the doorway.
托尼个子很高，过门口时总得弯着腰。
②They seemed bent_on_destroying his career.
他们好像决意要毁掉他的前程。
4．behave vt.行为检点，举止恰当而有礼貌
[教材原句]　From here on, I hope you’ll behave yourself.
从这里开始，我希望你行为检点。
(1)behave oneself　　　　　　　 　 守规矩；表现得体
behave well/badly towards/to sb. 对某人态度好/恶劣
(2)well­behaved adj. 表现好的
badly­behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. 举止；行为；表现
①I want you to behave yourself (you) while I am away.
我不在家时你要守规矩些。
②They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us very disappointed.
他们对待客人态度恶劣，这使我们非常失望。
③I think all of us should mind our behaviour (behave) in public places.
我认为我们大家都应该注意在公共场所的行为举止。

Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)
1．It keeps us informed (inform) of what have happened during the week.
2．They looked with/in envy at her latest LV handbag.
3．Much to my surprise, he behaved as if nothing had happened.In general, I was quite pleased with his behaviour.(behave)
4．Mr Li’s request is that we (should)_spend (spend) half an hour reading English aloud every morning.
5．Our strength is from many sources, but most of all, we owe our success to the creativity (creative) of our people.
6．I like playing football best, but occasionally (occasion) I play table tennis, too.
7．When I woke up, it was already midnight and it took a few seconds for my eyes to_adjust_to_the_darkness (适应黑暗)．
Ⅱ.重难点多练
1．despite万花筒
(1)选词填空：in spite of/regardless of
①He insisted on doing it that way, regardless_of our suggestions.
②I think he is sad, in_spite_of his smiles.
(2)句型转换
③We arrived at the station despite the heavy snow.
→We arrived at the station in_spite_of the heavy snow.
→We arrived at the station although/though_it_was_snowing_heavily.(让步状语从句)
2．bend点点练
(1)介、副词填空
①They bent the bars into required shapes.
②The nurse bent down and kissed the child.
③I bent back too far and hurt my neck.
④The bus was late, and the driver was bent on reaching the school on time.
(2)一句多译
她决心要参加下个月将要举行的舞蹈比赛。
⑤She_is_bent_on_taking_part_in_the_dancing_contest_to_be_held_next_month.(be bent on)
⑥She_has_made_up_her_mind_to_take_part_in_the_dancing_contest_to_be_held_next_month.(make up one’s mind)
⑦She_is_determined_to_take_part_in_the_dancing_contest_to_be_held_next_month.(determine to do)
Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练
根据语境选出动词engage的词义
(A)雇用　(B)吸引(注意力等)　(C)从事　(D)参加
1．Those who engage in mental work are also workers.__C__
2．The restaurant owner decided to engage a pop singer.__A__
3．Sorry, I have no time to engage in the debate.__D__
4．It’s a wonderful movie that engages both the mind and the eye.__B__
第二板块短语句型归纳集释
1．engage in (on/upon)从事于(参加)
[教材原句]　Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way.
父亲尽管不能参加许多活动，他还是设法以某种方式参与进来。
(1)engage sb.in sth.　　　　 使某人参加某事
engage oneself in sth. 某人从事某事
engage sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)be engaged to 已与……订婚
be engaged in 忙于(某事)
①She was engaged to a young man, a “rich second generation”．
她和一个“富二代”年轻人订了婚。
②My family has been engaged in farming for generations.
我家几代都从事农业。
③Her father engaged a tutor to_improve (improve) her maths.
她爸爸请了一位家庭教师来帮她补习数学。
2．come to苏醒，醒过来；达到某种状态；来到
[教材原句]　There, when he came to now and again, the man repeatedly called for his son.
在那里，这个人时而苏醒，一再要求见他的儿子。
come to do ...　　　　　　 逐渐做……，开始做……
come to oneself 苏醒过来；恢复常态
come to an end 结束
come to light 为人所知；暴露，真相大白
come to understand/realize 开始明白/意识到
①The shock made her dizzy for a moment but she quickly came to herself (she) again.
这一打击使她眩晕片刻，但很快就又恢复正常了。
②He will come to_understand (understand) your efforts sooner or later.It’s just a matter of time.
他迟早会理解你付出的努力的。这只是个时间问题。
③When_it_comes_to students’ surfing the Internet, some people think students can benefit from it.
当谈到学生上网，有些人认为学生可以从中获益。
[名师指津]　come to作“苏醒”讲时，相当于come to life/ come back to life/come to oneself。
3．He never talked about himself as an object of pity, nor_did_he_show any envy of the more fortunate or able.
他从不说自己可怜，也从不妒忌别人的幸运和能力。
(1) “neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语” 构成倒装句型，表示前面否定情况也适用于后面的人或物，可翻译为“……也不这样”。
①She shouldn’t have yelled at you, neither/nor_should_I.
她不应该对你大喊大叫，我也不应该对你大喊大叫。
②He didn’t watch the game last night, and nor/neither_did_I.
昨天晚上他没有看这场比赛，我也没有。
(2)“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”表示前面肯定的情况也适用于后面的人或物，表示“某人或某物也这样”。
③I enjoy reading the book and so_does_my_wife.
我喜欢看这本书，我妻子也喜欢。
④If a healthy environment is gone, so_is_everything that our life depends on.
如果一个健康的环境消失了，我们赖以生存的一切也会消失。
(3)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定，或者形式不同，就用句型So it is with .../It is the same with ...。
⑤—The girl is clever, but she doesn’t study hard.
—It_is_the_same_with_her_brother.
——这个女孩很聪明，但是她不认真学习。
——她哥哥也是如此。

Ⅰ.基础点全练
1．单句语法填空
①To our relief, the drowning girl came to herself (she) in a few minutes.
②He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.
③I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom.
④She never let on that she had known him ten years before.
⑤He is engaged in making preparations for the conference on educational work.
⑥It may take you a little time to adjust to the new school rules.
⑦You can’t expect everything to turn out as you wish.
⑧The ambassador is now home on leave.
⑨You will have to see to it that all the windows are shut when you leave.
⑩Their children have all grown up and left home now.
2．运用所学短语完成片段
It isn’t hard to ①grow_up (成长) into a responsible member of the society.
I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.I was ②starting_out (出发) to another city and was waiting for the green light at a crossing when a girl of about ten was knocked down by a passing car, which drove off quickly.A man immediately rushed to the girl to ③hold_up (阻挡) the passing cars, ④called_for (叫喊) help and gave her first aid.I joined in without hesitation.Luckily soon she ⑤came_to (苏醒，醒过来) and was sent to the nearest hospital.
I hope the escaped driver offers to ⑥let_on (承认) his mistakes.As a member of the society, I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society.
Ⅱ.重难点多练
neither/nor部分倒装面面观
(1)补全句子
①我喜欢看电视，我妹妹也喜欢。
I like watching TV and so_does_my_sister.
②汤姆根本不相信她说的话，警方也不相信。
Tom didn’t believe a word she said, and neither/nor_did_the_police.
(2)句型转换
③He doesn’t know Louis’s address.I don’t know either.
→He doesn’t know Louis’s address.Neither/Nor_do_I.
④I enjoy watching the film.My friend Tom enjoys watching it as well.
→I enjoy watch the film and so_does_my_friend_Tom.


[单元语基落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．When Alice came to,_she did not know how long she had been lying there.
2．All my friends were happy for me and envious (envy)．
3．At the museum, visitors are requested not to_touch (touch) the exhibits.
4．Surprisingly, she bent down/over and picked up a stone.
5．He came late, but he was not punished.So it was with me.
6．You should keep your parents informed of your whereabouts.
7．I apologize to you for my behaviour (behave) yesterday and please accept my sincere apology, or I will be guilty.
8．He was doing his homework when he heard the scream.
9．It turned out that the man in rags was the General Manager of the company.
10．My son has been promoted and this calls for a celebration.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．But when it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.speak→speaking
2．—Some of them were not satisfied with the result.
—So was Tom.So→Neither/Nor
3．She beg them not to punish her son severe.severe→severely
4．See to that the door is safely locked before you go.to后加it
5．The mother told the boy to behave well on the old man.on→towards/to
6．Jim was watching a late­night film at home while, right in the middle of a thrilling scene, the television went blank.while→when
Ⅲ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练
(一)依据提示补全短文
Useful as some words are, they can also be harmful if applied improperly.
Once there was a new comer in our class, Jim, who was rather fat.He was a little bit disgraceful for not being confident in his own appearance and figure.Worse (More/Worse/Even) still, since he couldn’t adjust_to (调整以适应) the new circle of friends, some classmates laughed at him once in a while, which made him even more sensitive.Once, a classmate played a joke on him, calling Jim “fatty”， which hurt him much in spite of a joke.He turned_around (转身), running to the classroom.①From then on, Jim was unwilling to talk with others any longer; he didn’t participate in any class activities, either.Soon he dropped out of school.It was the hurtful words that got Jim into such a miserable situation.Words can stab (捅) people in the back.We must let_on (承认) our making the same mistake.②We should make sure not to hurt others’ feelings.
(二)按要求将词汇句式升级
1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分
(1)disgraceful→shameful
(2)once in a while→occasionally
(3)in spite of→despite_
2．按要求改写句式
(1)用neither/nor部分倒装改写句①
From_then_on,_Jim_was_unwilling_to_talk_with_others_any_longer;_neither/nor_did_he_participate_in_any_class_activities.
(2)用see to it that改写句②
We_should_see_to_it_that_we_don’t_hurt_others’_feelings.