2020版高考英语新设计一轮复习重大版讲义：选修7Unit1ManandNaturalDisasters
展开Unit 1 Man and Natural Disasters 一、单词—— 写 得 准用 得 活(用所给词的适当形式填空)1.shock n．震动；撞击；震惊2.pile n. 堆；大堆 vt. 堆起，堆积，积累3.chief n. 首领，长官adj. 主要的；首要的4.scream vi. 尖声喊叫；喊出5.rescue vt. 营救；救援6.clear vi. 变晴朗；转晴7.locate vt. 把……安置在；确定……的准确位置；坐落于8.courageously adv. 勇敢地9.endanger vt.危及；危害→danger n．危险10.direct vt.对准；指路；导演adj.直接的→directly adv.直接地→direction n．方向→director n．导演11.sufficient adj.足够的，充足的→sufficiency n．充裕，充足12.explode vt./vi.(使)爆炸；爆发→explosion n．爆炸，爆发13.scared adj.惊恐的；恐惧的→scare vt.惊吓；使害怕n.[C]惊恐，恐慌14.reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的→rely vi.依靠，依赖；信任→reliability n．可靠性，可信赖性，确实性15.displace vt.移动……的位置→displacement n．移位，平移断层16.mass n．团，块，堆，大量→massive adj.大量的，大规模的17.disappear vi.不见，消失→disappearance n．不见，消失18.admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的→admire vt.钦佩1.The air pollution and water pollution have endangered (danger) the life of the rare animals in the forest.2.China is known for her massive (mass) land and abundant natural resources.3.We are puzzled by the sudden disappearance (disappear) of our guide.4.We must work hard, but equally we must get sufficient (sufficiency) rest.5.When the explosion broke out, I was almost scared to death, and the alarm scared the hell out of many people.(scare)6.Several bombs exploded near the car and the explosion caused two deaths.(explode)7.After school, she directly went off in the direction of the cinema to see the new film directed by the famous director.(direct)8.Tu Youyou is an admirable scientist in many people’s heart and we all admire her for her achievement in medicine.(admire)9.It is not easy to let the displacement (displace) less than 10 milimetre.⇩ 1.“惊讶”名词小结①shock 震惊，惊愕②surprise 惊奇，诧异③amazement 惊异，惊愕④astonishment 惊讶2．归纳“主要的，首要的”形容词①chief 主要的；首要的②main 主要的；最重要的③major 主要的；主修的④principal 主要的；最重要的⑤leading 主要的；首要的3.聚焦en前缀动词①endanger危及②enlarge 扩大③enrich 丰富④encourage 鼓励⑤ensure 确保⑥enable 使能够⑦enforce 强制执行⑧engage 参加；吸引4.否定前缀dis单词荟萃①disappear vi.消失②dislike v. 不喜欢③disagree/disapprove v. 不同意④discourage vt. 使泄气⑤dishonest adj.不诚实的⑥disability n. 残疾；无能⑦disadvantage n. 不利条件⑧discomfort n. 不舒服二、短语——写 得 准用 得 活(选用左栏短语填空)1.be_supposed_to_do 被期望或要求；应该2.make_a_promise 答应，许诺 3.show_up 露出，露面，出现4.break_out 突发，爆发 5.be_in_danger 在危险中，垂危6.tower_above_... 大大高出；远远胜于7.draw_back 缩回，后退；收回(诺言等)8.take_away 拿走；使停止；减去；剥夺9.at_other_times 另一些时候10.up_to_... 多达……，直至……11.pull_sb.off_... 把某人从……拉走12.for_the_most_part 通常，多半13.sweep_over 扫过1.Tom’s father made_a_promise that he would give him a reward if he passed the College Entrance Examination.2.If you take_away the attributive clauses (定语从句), the sentences still make sense.3.It’s reported that an armed conflict is likely to break_out between the two countries.4.As a result, some animals have died out and others are in_danger.5.Seeing a snake in the grass, the cat drew_back with fear.⇩1.“make＋a＋n.”短语集锦①make a promise许诺②make a face 做鬼脸③make a difference 有影响④make a bet 打赌⑤make a decision 作出决定⑥make a joke 开玩笑2.“v.＋back”短语一览①draw back 缩回；后退②call back 回电③pay back 偿还，报答④look back (on) 回顾⑤hold back 控制住⑥put back 放回原处⑦give back 归还，还给三、句式—— 背 原 句明 句 式学 仿 写1....rushed to the school where his son was supposed to be, only to discover that the building was as flat as a pancake.……匆忙跑到他儿子就读的学校，却发现学校已被夷为平地。“only＋to do”作结果状语。他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。He hurried to the theatre, only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.2.As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, he felt hopeless.当看到曾经的学校成为一片废墟时，他感到很绝望。as 引导时间状语从句。当火灾发生时，所有的学生正在熟睡。As_the_fire_broke_out,_all the students were sleeping soundly.3.No matter what happens, I know you’ll always be there for me！无论发生什么事情，我知道你总是和我在一起！“no matter＋特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句。无论发生什么事我保证按时还清债务。I guarantee to pay off my debts on time, no_matter_what/whatever_happens. 第一板块核心单词归纳集释1．direct vt.对准；指路；指挥；导演 adj.径直的；直接的；直率的adv.直接；亲自[教材原句] He began to direct his attention towards where he walked his son to class at school each morning.他开始将注意力对准他每天早上步行送儿子去学校上课的地方。[一词多义] 写出下列句中direct的含义①What impresses me about the policemen is the way they direct the busy traffic.指挥②I love New Yorkers — they’re sharp, funny, and direct.直率的③The film Miss Granny directed by Chen Zhengdao is popular with young people.导演④The spokesman never gave a direct answer to any question of the reporters.直接的(1)direct sb.to do sth. 指示某人做某事direct that ...(should) do sth. 指示……做某事(2)direction n. 方向；方位；指示；说明书(复数)in the direction of 朝……方向in all directions＝in every direction 朝四面八方(3)directly adv. 直接地；立即conj. 一……就……⑤I went home directly (direct) I had finished my work.我一干完活就回家了。⑥He went in_the_direction_of the village, for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction.他朝村子的方向走去，因为孩子们想在他的指导下画画。[名师指津] direct作副词时，表示“亲自，直接 (不经中间环节)”，相当于directly。作副词的 direct 通常位于动词后，而 directly 则既可位于动词前又可位于动词后。2．scared adj.惊恐的；恐惧的；害怕的[高考佳句] Tony was scared and began to cry.(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)托尼感到害怕，开始哭起来。(1)be scared of sb./sth. 害怕某人/某物be scared of doing/to do sth. 害怕做某事be scared that ... 害怕……be scared to death 吓得要死(2)scare vt. 使恐惧；使害怕；惊吓scare ...away/off 把……吓跑scare sb.into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事①He was scared to_stay (stay) outside after 19 o’clock because he was scared of being robbed.19点以后他不敢待在外面，因为害怕被抢劫。②It is not wise for parents to try to scare their children into behaving well.对父母而言，试图用吓唬的办法让孩子守规矩是不明智的。3．rescue n．/vt.营救；救援[经典例句] I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.直到五年级的时候我才成为一名真正的攀登者，当时我去树上拿卡在树枝上的风筝。rescue ...from ... 从……中援救/救出……come to one’s/the rescue 前来救援/帮助某人go to one’s rescue 去救援/帮助某人①The child was_rescued_from the fire, but died soon after of terrible burns.那个孩子被人从大火中救出，但不久就死于严重烧伤。②We were about to close down the business, but the bank went/came_to_our_rescue with a huge loan.我们几乎要停业，但银行借出了一大笔钱救了我们。4．mass n．团，块，堆，大量[经典例句] The hill appeared as a black mass in the distance.远远地看去，那座山是黑压压一片。the mass of 大多数a mass of＝masses of 许多；大量the masses 民众；平民①A good leader is always in close contact with the_broad_masses_of_the_people.一个好的领导人总是和广大人民群众保持密切联系的。②The mass of people in that country are (be) Christians.那个国家的大部分人是基督教徒。[名师指津] “a mass of/masses of/the mass of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与后面名词的数一致；the masses作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Ⅰ.基础点全练(单句语法填空/补全句子)1．We are looking for someone who is reliable (rely) and hardworking.2．I am shocked (shock) at the news that many pupils were killed in the terrible traffic accident.3．Shortly after suffering from a massive (mass) earthquake and being reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.4．The judge directed that the child (should)_be_taken (take)good care of by his mother.5．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took masses of pictures of them.6．On one hand, it is more convenient for people to get to Shanghai Museum which is_located_in (位于) the center of the city.7．It’s likely that this kind of disease will_endanger_your_life (将危及你的生命)．Ⅱ.重难点多练1．scared多角度介、副词填空①The high price is scaring away/off possible buyers.②I was nearly scared to death when hearing that big noise.③Don’t be scared of asking if you need any help.④The salesman scared the old lady into signing the paper by threatening to take away the goods.2．rescue全接触(1)单句语法填空①They were trying every possible means to_rescue the miners trapped underground.②Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building.(2)根据汉语提示完成片段事故一发生，救援队就去营救受害者，并且不放弃拯救他们脱离危险的任何希望。As soon as the accident happened, the rescue team ③came/went_to_the_victims’_rescue,_and didn’t give up any hope of ④rescuing_them_from danger.Ⅲ.阅读词汇专练根据语境选出pile的词性和词义An.堆 Bn.大笔钱财 Cv.堆积1．He must have made a pile in his younger days as a successful businessman.__B__2．We put the books in piles on the floor.__A__3．The little boy is piling up his building blocks.__C__ 第二板块短语句型归纳集释1．be supposed to被期望或要求；应该，应当[高考佳句] After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are welcome to make comments and express their views about the film.(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)影片结束后，每个班级都要进行讨论，并且欢迎所有的学生来发表评论和表达他们对这部电影的看法。(1)be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事be supposed to have done sth. 本应该做某事(实际未做)be supposed to be ... 被认为是……(2)suppose/supposing (that) 假定/假如……(3)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。I suppose not.＝I don’t suppose so. 我认为不是这样。①We are all supposed to have_read (read) them; it is a pity that so few of us have.这些佳作是我们本该读过的，遗憾的是在我们中读过的人少之又少。②All his workmates suppose him to_be (be) an expert in this field.他所有的同事都认为他是这个领域的专家。③—Will she come with us?—No, I_suppose_not/I_don’t_suppose_so.——她会跟我们来吗？——不，我想不会吧。④Suppose/Supposing (suppose) you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?假设你明天丢了工作，你会怎么办呢？[名师指津] suppose/supposing (that)以及assuming (that), providing/provided (that), given (that)可以作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“如果，假如”，表示一种假设条件。2．break out突发，爆发[教材原句] Fires are breaking out, explosions are happening everywhere.火灾正在爆发，到处在发生爆炸。break into 破门而入，强行闯入(后接宾语)；突然开始(哭、唱等)break in 闯入；插话，打断break away from 突然挣脱，摆脱break down 出故障；(身体)垮掉；分解break up 结束；放假；破碎；解散①Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.在灾难中，当无线网络出故障时，老式的电话就变得重要起来。②The ice will break up when the warm weather comes.天气转暖，冰层就会破裂。3．As he looked at the pile of ruins that once was the school, he felt hopeless.当看到曾经的学校成为一片废墟时，他感到很绝望。句中as意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。as作为连词的用法主要有：(1)“当……的时候；一边……一边……；随着……”，引导时间状语从句。①They sang songs as_they_were_doing_farm_work.他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。(2)“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句。②When in Rome, do as_Romans_do. 入乡随俗。(3)“因为；由于”，引导原因状语从句。③—Coach, can I continue with the training?—Sorry, you can’t as_you_haven’t_recovered_from the knee injury.——教练，我可以继续训练吗？——很抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖受伤还没有恢复。(4)“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。④Tired_as_she_was,_she insisted on looking after her sick son by herself.→Although/Though she was tired, she insisted on looking after her sick son by herself.尽管她很疲惫，但她坚持亲自照顾生病的儿子。[名师指津] as意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句时，需将表语、状语等提前，其他成分保持陈述语序；名词提前时，去掉冠词。Ⅰ.基础点全练1．单句语法填空①When the fire broke out,_many people were shopping in the supermarket.②Mr White should have arrived at 8：30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.③Whether or not she will go is up to her to decide.④Summers in the south of France are for the most part dry and sunny.⑤The news reporters hurried to the airport, only to be_informed (inform) that the film stars had left.⑥No matter what happens in my life, I do believe that luck is always by my side.2．运用所学短语完成片段A big fire ①broke_out (爆发) yesterday and it ②swept_over (扫过) many buildings.③At_two_minutes_to_noon (还差2分钟到正午), with the rapid spread of the fire, it ④took_away (夺走) many people’s lives and many people ⑤were_in_danger (处在危险中)．Fortunately, the firefighters ⑥showed_up (出现) immediately.They ⑦made_a_promise (许诺) that they would try their best to put out the fire.Ⅱ.重难点多练1．be supposed to一站清(1)单句语法填空①You were supposed to_be (be) here an hour ago!②She’s supposed to_do (do) an hour’s homework every evening.③He was supposed to_have_graduated (graduate) from college two years ago.(2)句型转换④All of his friends will suppose that she is his wife.→All of his friends will suppose_her_to_be_his_wife.2．as万花筒(1)写出下列句中as的含义①Early as I got up, I was still late this morning.尽管②As she grew older she gained in confidence.随着③Ann wouldn’t write down a series of facts in her diary as most people do.按照；如同④As you were out, I left a message.因为；由于(2)一句多译尽管他们穷，但感到很快乐。⑤Poor_as_they_are,_they feel very happy.(as)⑥Although/Though_they_are_poor,_ they feel very happy.(although/though)随着时间的流逝，我们成为了好朋友。⑦As_time_went_by,_we became good friends.(as)⑧With_time_going_by,_we became good friends.(with) [单元语基落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Located (locate) in the old downtown of Tokyo, Yasaka has a shop selling items handcrafted from bamboo.2．Hearing the news, he rushed out, leaving (leave) the book lying (lie) open on the table and disappeared into the distance.3．Seeing a truck coming directly from the opposite direction,_the car driver turned sharp right to avoid a headon collision.(direct)4．I was supposed to have_gone (go) this morning but I was feeling a bit ill.5．Don’t trust him, no_matter_what/whatever he says.6．It was a scary story and children were scared after they heard it.(scare)7．I asked how the job search was going and he said he’d had masses (mass) of interviews but no offers.8．The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailors from the sinking ship.Ⅱ.单句改错1．The mass of rice we have today are imported from Thailand.are→is2．—Have you enjoyed camping in the wild with your friends?—Never.I’m afraid that my life is in a danger there.去掉danger前的a3．As time going by, I gradually adapted myself to the school life.going→went或As→With4．It’s only a small improvement but at least it’s a step in the right direct.direct→direction5．After a fire broke in in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.第一个in→out6．When I first saw a real snake, I was scared death.scared后加to7．Yesterday a street beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, made him a millionaire overnight.made→making8．Young although he is, he has travelled to many countries.although→though/asⅢ.用本单元所学知识完成写作训练(一)依据提示补全短文Our hometown lies in a small town.It is an ancient beautiful village.And (But/And/Though) we all like it very much.①With time going by, it is thought to be more beautiful than ever before.I dreamed a terrible dream last night.②I returned to my hometown after a long trip, and I surprisedly found that the whole village was in_ruins (成为废墟)．I realized that a big earthquake had happened in my hometown.Many houses fell down.Many people lost their lives and many people were_in_danger (在危险中)．Fortunately, the government sent the army to help us.The soldiers rescued_the_injured_from (从……救出伤员) the ruins bravely.We were all grateful to them for their help.(二)按要求将词汇句式升级1．用本单元高级词汇替换加黑部分(1)lies in→is_located_in(2)thought→supposed(3)bravely→courageously2．按要求改写句式(1)用as引导的状语从句改写句①As_time_goes_by,_it_is_thought_to_be_more_beautiful_than_ever_before.(2)用“only to do ...”结构改写句②I_returned_to_my_hometown_after_a_long_trip,_only_to_find_that_the_whole_village_was_in_ruins.
