2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题八Book6Unit4Globalwarming


话题八　环境保护

[对应教材]　Book 6　Unit 4　Global warming　Book 2　Unit 4　Wildlife protection
(一)核心素养下的话题解读
“环境保护”是高中课程标准中“人与自然”主题语境内容要求之一，该内容包括“自然环境、自然遗产保护；人与环境、人与动植物”等方面。这些话题为学生提供了解自然环境的平台，与人类生活息息相关。高考英语通过这些话题让学生对世界各地不同的环境有所了解，从而提高保护自然环境的意识。
[高考探究]
“环境保护”这个话题常与阅读理解、完形填空、七选五、语法填空等相结合进行考查，分值占有一定的比例。例如：
话题八
卷别
试题类型
文章大意
环境
保护
2019全国卷Ⅰ
完形填空
乞力马扎罗山环境污染整治前后之感想
2018全国卷Ⅰ
阅读D篇
作者呼吁用新电子设备代替低环保的旧产品
2017全国卷Ⅲ
阅读C篇
与灰狼相关的生态平衡问题
2018全国卷Ⅱ
语法填空
中国为保护环境对农作物种植进行了调整
2016全国卷Ⅰ
语法填空
作者与熊猫的不解之缘
(二)构建思维导图，提升思维品质
图一　Book 6　Unit 4　Global warming

图二　Book 2　Unit 4　Wildlife protection

(三)根据思维导图，完成概要写作
图一：概要写作
①There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming.
②All scientists subscribe to the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels like coal, natural gas and oil to produce energy. Some byproducts of this process are called “greenhouse” gases, the most important one of which is carbon dioxide. As we know, the levels of carbon dioxide have increased greatly over the last 100 to 150 years. ③However, the attitude of scientists towards this rise is completely different. On the one hand, Dr Foster thinks that any trend in which the temperature increases by 5 degrees would lead to a catastrophe. On the other hand, George Hambley, believes that more carbon dioxide is actually a positive thing.
③No one knows the effects of global warming. Does that mean we should do nothing? Or, are the risks too great?
图二：概要写作
Daisy learned to help the wildlife by visiting and talking with three kinds of animals in three areas on a flying carpet.
①The first stop was Tibet, where Tibetan antelope was being hunted for the wool beneath its stomach and the number was decreasing rapidly. Daisy was concerned to see some endangered wildlife there. ②To Daisy's delight, the second stop was Zimbabwe, where the elephants, which used to be an endangered species, were now being protected by farmers making money from tourism. It was really a good example of wildlife protection. ③The third stop was the rainforest, a place where the WWF is involved. She was amazed to meet a monkey, who was rubbing a millipede insect over its body to produce a drug naturally which could protect it from mosquitoes.
What an experience! She learned so much!


1．It's high time we protected our environment from being polluted.
我们早该保护环境免遭污染了。
2．The moon that night looks the brightest in the whole month. What we love most is the time when the whole family enjoy the full moon together.
那天晚上的月亮是一个月内最亮的。我们最享受的是一家人一起赏月的时刻。
3．Seeing the lines of trees, we all had a sense of achievement. Only then did I realize that it's our duty to protect and beautify our environment.
看到一排排的树，我们都有一种成就感。只有在那时我才认识到保护和美化环境是我们应尽的责任。
4．In terms of environmental protection, riding a bike is an effective way. Generally speaking, riding a bike helps promote the harmony between human beings and nature.
就环保而言，骑车是一个有效的办法。一般来说，骑车有助于促进人与自然的和谐。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心单词
(1)quantity (n.) 量；数量→quality (n.) 质量
(2)tend (vi.) 趋向；易于；照顾 (vt.) 照顾；护理→tendency (n.) 倾向；趋势
(3)oppose (vt.) 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量→opposed (adj.) 反对的；对立的
(4)state (vt.) 陈述；说明→statement (n.) 声明；陈述；表现
(5)range (n.) 种类；范围 (v.) (在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列
(6)glance (vi.) 看一下；扫视 (n.) 一瞥
(7)steady (adj.) 平稳的；持续的；稳固的→steadily (adv.) 平稳地；持续地
(8)widespread (adj.) 分布广的；普遍的
(9)average (adj.) 平均的
(10)circumstance (n.) 环境；情况
Ⅱ　　阅读单词
(1)consume (vt.) 消费；消耗；耗尽；吃完
(2)random (adj.) 胡乱的；任意的
(3)phenomenon (n.) 现象 (phenomena pl.)
(4)trend (n.) 趋势；倾向；走向
(5)flood (n.) 洪水；水灾
(6)mild (adj.) 温和的；温柔的；淡的
(7)consequence (n.) 结果；后果；影响
(8)existence (n.) 生存；存在
(9)advocate (vt.) 拥护；提倡，主张
(10)contribution (n.) 贡献
(11)disagreement (n.) 分歧；不一致
　[单句语法填空]
1．It will offer a wide choice of goods for the ________ (consumer)．
答案：consumers
2．The theatre company that they started is still in ________ (exist) today.
答案：existence
3．It is strictly ________ (state) in our law that hunting is forbidden during the non­hunting period.
答案：stated
4．There is a variety of animals ________ (range) from rabbits to tigers in the park.
答案：ranging
5．The number of people having mobile phones is increasing ________ (steady)．
答案：steadily
6．The drug is effective but has a ________ (tend) to cause headaches.
答案：tendency
7．A group of children were ________ (random) divided into two classes.
答案：randomly
8．These experiments were to find the connection between the two ________ (phenomenon)．
答案：phenomena
9．I ________ (subscribe) to an Internet news site years ago.
答案：subscribed
10．They felt that it was wrong ________ (advocate) owning guns.
答案：to advocate
联想积累
1．与“灾难”有关的名词集锦
①flood 洪灾
②drought 旱灾
③disaster 灾难
④catastrophe 大灾难
⑤earthquake 地震
⑥tsunami 海啸
⑦survivor 幸存者
⑧victim 受害者
2．名词变复数的不规则变化小结
①phenomenon→phenomena 现象
②datum→data 数据
③medium→media 媒体
④criterion→criteria 标准
⑤bacterium→bacteria 细菌

1．come_about　发生；造成
2．subscribe_to 同意；赞成；订购
3．quantities_of 大量的
4．go_up 上升；增长；升起
5．result_in 导致
6．be_opposed_to 反对
7．even_if 即使
8．keep on 继续
9．on the whole 大体上；基本上
10．on behalf of 代表……一方；作为……的代言人
11．put up with 忍受；容忍
12．so long as 只要
13．and so on 等等
　[选词填空]

1．________ all the guests here, I wish to thank you for giving us this warm reception.
答案：On behalf of
2．With their income ________， more and more villagers can afford an apartment in the cities.
答案：going up
3．We are still wondering how it ________ that the experiment ended in failure.
答案：came about
4．What I can't ________ is that he never cares about others' feelings.
答案：put up with
5．The traffic accident resulted from the driver's carelessness, ________ the death of three people.
答案：resulting in
6．The farm grows various kinds of crops, such as wheat, corn, cotton________.
答案：and so on
联想积累
1．“动词＋about”短语荟萃
①come about 发生；产生
②bring about 引起；导致；带来
③think about 考虑
④learn about 得知
2．“动词短语＋with”一览
①end up with 以……结束
②do away with 废除
③get on/along with 和……融洽相处
④come up with 提出；想出
⑤go on with 继续
⑥catch up with 赶上
⑦keep up with 跟上
⑧put up with 忍受

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Even if we start reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量，在未来几十年或几个世纪内，气候仍会持续转暖。
even if “即使”，相当于even though，引导让步状语从句。
The glasses are made from material of good quality. They won't break ______________ to the ground.
这种眼镜采用上乘材料制成。即使掉到地上也不会摔碎。
2.It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so long as you are using it—if not, turn it off！
只要你在使用电气设备，你可以让它开着，如果不用就把它关掉。
so long as “只要”，也可以用as long as/on condition that/provided that，引导条件状语从句。
They are tolerable ______________ tomorrow is better.
只要明天更好，它们是可容忍的。
答案：1.even if you drop them　2.as/so long as
直击重点 突破考点

①　quantity　n. 量；数量(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①With more forests being destroyed, quantities of good earth ________ (be) being washed away each year.
②________ large quantity of vegetables have been supplied to the citizens.
答案：①are　②A
(2)单句改错
He wants to buy the books in quantities, so the storekeeper will not charge him much.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：quantities→quantity
(3)单句写作
A large quantity of air conditioners ____________ since the summer came.
入夏以来，大量空调被售出。
答案：have been sold

in quantity＝in large amounts 大量；许多
quantities of 大量；许多
a large/small quantity of ... 大量的……/少量的……

(1)a (large/small) quantity of或quantities of后既可接可数名词复数形式也可接不可数名词。
(2)“a (large/small) quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词保持数的一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

②　oppose　vt. 反对；反抗；与(某人)较量(P27)

(1)单句语法填空
①The parents strongly opposed their child ________ (go) there alone.
②Frankly speaking, my views are directly ________ (oppose) to those of my friends'.
答案：①going　②opposed
(2)单句写作
He ____________ the suggestion to build a new hall.
他反对修建新礼堂的建议。
答案：opposed/was opposed to

(1)oppose sth./doing sth./sb. doing sth. 反对某事/做某事/某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 相反的；对立的
be opposed to ... 反对……；与……对立
(3)opposite adj. 相反的；对立的
prep. 与……相对；在……对面
be opposite to 在……对面；与……相反

(1)oppose后跟表示动作的词作宾语时，要用动名词形式。be opposed to结构中，to是介词，其后也要用动词的­ing形式。
(2)表示“反对”的其他表达：disagree with, object to, be against 等。

③　range　n. 种类；范围；幅度；界限　v. (在一定范围内)变动；变化；排列(P27)

(1)单句语法填空
The show had a large audience, ________ (range) from children to grandparents.
答案：ranging
(2)单句写作
①The rate for a single room at the hotel ____________ 20 dollars ________ 50 dollars a day.
旅馆的单人房间的价钱从每天20美元到50美元不等。
②They will include introductions to ____________ writing styles, from poetry to play writing.
它们将介绍各种各样的写作风格，从诗歌到戏剧创作。
③At first, this type of work was ________________ of experience, but finally I made it by learning from my teammates.
开始时，这种工作我没经验做不了，但是后来通过向队友学习，我做成了。
答案：①ranges from; to　②a wide range of　③beyond/out of my range

(1)a wide range of ... 范围广泛的；各种各样的
in/within range of sth. 在可及的范围内；在视觉/听觉范围内
beyond/out of range of sth. 超出……的范围；在视觉/听觉范围之外
beyond/out of one's range 超出了某人能承受的范围
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范围内变动
range between ... and ... 在……和……范围内变动

④　glance　vi. 看一下；扫视　n. 一瞥(P27)

(1)单句语法填空
①I picked up the phone book and ________ (glance) through it.
②I only had time to glance ________ the newspapers.
答案：①glanced　②at
(2)单句写作
________________， I was attracted by the wall paintings of Dunhuang.
看到它的瞬间，我就被敦煌壁画吸引了。
答案：At first glance

(1)glance at/over/through 一瞥；扫视；浏览；粗略地看
glance on/off (光)在……上闪烁/从……中反射
(2)at first glance 乍一看；最初看到时
have/take a glance (at sb./sth.) (朝某人/某物)一瞥；匆匆看一眼

glance
“一瞥，扫视”；表示有意地、有目的地一望，有时带有“暗暗地看”的含义
He glanced at the clock. It was 9：50 pm. 他匆匆看了看表，时间显示是晚上9：50。
续表
glare
“怒目而视”；强调怀有敌意或在气愤的情绪下看
He glared at me like a bull at a red rag. 他像公牛怒视红布一样对我怒目而视。
stare
“盯，凝视”；指出于好奇、惊讶、赞叹等原因而长时间地、直接地注视，常含粗鲁无礼的意味
I stared blankly at the paper in front of me.我茫然地看着前面那张纸。

⑤　average　adj. 平均的；普通的　n. 平均水平；平均数　v. 计算出……的平均数；平均为(P29)

(1)单句语法填空
①An average ________ just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making it the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
②Susie studies hard and her schoolwork is well ________ average.
答案：①of　②above
(2)单句写作
____________， I spend 2 hours reading every day.
平均来说，我每天花2小时读书。
答案：On average

(1)an average of 平均有(后跟数词)
(2)on average 平均来看；平均
above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下


①　come about 发生；造成(P26)

单句写作
①____________________ he should know our plan?
他是怎么知道我们的计划的？
②She has a mental toughness that did not ______________ by chance.
她的坚强精神并不是偶然产生的。
③This morning, I was jogging in the park when I ________________ a foreign couple with a city map.
今天早上，我正在公园慢跑时，突然遇到一对外国夫妇，他们手里拿着一张城市地图。
答案：①How did it come about that　②come about　③came across

How did it come about that ...? ……是怎样发生的？
come across 偶遇；被理解
come into being 形成；产生；出现
come into power 上台执政；当权
come into effect 生效
come out 出版；结果；开花
come up with 提出；想出
when it comes to ... 当谈到……时
come on 跟着来；跟上来；[口]得啦；快点
come to 总计；达到

come about, happen, take place和break out这四个表示“发生，爆发”的词语，都是不及物动词(短语)，不可用于被动语态。

②　result in导致(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
As we all know, his hard work resulted ________ his success.
答案：in
(2)单句写作
①Moreover, excessive emissions of carbon dioxide may ______________ less rainfall, global warming and so on.
并且，二氧化碳的过量排放会导致降雨量减少、全球变暖等。
②____________， in order to enrich my social experience, I decided to apply for the job.
结果，为了丰富我的社会经验，我决定申请这份工作。
答案：①result in　②As a result

result from 起因于；由……造成
as a result 结果(作状语，常置于句首，并用逗号和后面句子隔开)
as a result of 由于……的原因


①　[教材原句]It is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.(P26)
全球变暖正是人类活动导致而成的，并非是一种无规律的自然现象。

(1)单句语法填空
①It was because of bad weather ________ the football match had to be put off.
②It is I who often ________ (help) the girl with her English.
答案：①that　②help
(2)单句写作
①________________ that I realized that pride and satisfaction came from putting our creative ideas into practice.
正是通过制作飞机模型这一活动，我才认识到自豪和满足来源于把我们创造性的想法付诸实施。
②________________ that organized the students to put on the performance in the Grand National Theater last week?
上周组织学生在国家大剧院进行演出的人是你吗？
答案：①It was through making model planes　②Was it you

该句为强调句型，被强调部分为句子的主语human activity，连接词应用that。当被强调部分为句子的主语，且是人称代词时，应用主格，连接词用that/who。

②　[教材原句]It takes a lot of energy to make things from new materials, so, if you can, buy things made from recycled materials.(P30)
用新材料来做这些东西要花费大量的能源，因此，只要有可能，就买那些用回收材料制成的物品吧。

(1)单句语法填空
________ takes strength and patience to be a long­distance runner.
答案：It
(2)单句改错
That will take him two years to build the house.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：That→It
(3)单句写作
______________________________________ to create our robot.
我们花了将近三个月的时间才把我们的机器人做出来。
答案：It took us nearly three months

(1)It takes/took sb. some time/money/energy to do sth. 某人花费一些时间/金钱/精力做某事
(2)表示花时间或金钱做某事，还可表达为：Sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.
课文回练 升华运用
There is no doubt that it is human activity __1__ has caused this global warming rather than __2__ random but natural phenomenon. All scientists subscribe __3__ the view that the increase in the earth's temperature is due to the burning of fossil fuels. The “greenhouse effect” begins __4__ we add huge quantities of extra carbon dioxide into the atmosphere and more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere __5__ (cause) the global temperature to go up.
The burning of more and more fossil fuels has resulted __6__ the increase in carbon dioxide. __7__， the attitudes of scientists are different. Some think that the trend would be a catastrophe. But some are opposed to this view __8__ they predict that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental __9__ (consequent). Even though we have taken some measures, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades __10__ centuries.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.that　2.a　3.to　4.when　5.causing　6.in　7.However　8.and　9.consequences　10.or
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Father is strongly opposed to ________ (go) shopping on Sunday because the streets and supermarkets are full of people.
答案：going　be opposed to ... “反对……”，其中to为介词，其后应接名词、代词、动名词。
2．The prices of this kind of wine ranged ________ ten yuan ________ 100 yuan per bottle.
答案：from; to　range from ... to ... “在某范围内变化”。
3．Though he is less than one year old, he is strong enough to walk ________ (steady)．
答案：steadily　副词作状语，在句中修饰动词walk。
4．Do you know how the accident came ________？
答案：about　come about “发生”。
5．With Spring Festival approaching, prices of fruit and vegetables have gone ________.
答案：up　go up “上升；增长；升起”。
6．Quantities of money ________ (spend) in bringing up the children since they were married.
答案：have been spent　“a quantity of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致；而“quantities of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。且由since引导的从句可知，主句应用现在完成时；再根据money与spend之间的被动关系，故填have been spent。
7．How many times do you dine out per week ________ average?
答案：on　on average “平均起来；平均来说”。句意：你平均每周在外用餐多少次？
8．Under these ________ (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitude.
答案：circumstances　under these circumstances “在这些情况下”。
9．The gap between the rich and the poor has a ________ (tend) to become wider and wider.
答案：tendency　由设空前的a可知，应填名词形式，tendency “趋势；倾向”。
10．The heavy snow can easily result ________ many accidents in winter.
答案：in　result in “导致”。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．Huge ______________ (大量的) high quality crops are exported to Africa.
答案：quantities of
2．We are still dealing with the problems ________ (由……而造成) errors made in the past.
答案：resulting from
3．________________ (只要) we keep playing well, we'll keep winning games.
答案：As long as
4．____________________ our school, I have the honor to invite you to be a judge of our English Speaking Contest.
我代表我们学校，诚邀您担任英语演讲比赛的评委。
答案：On behalf of
5．_______________________________________________________________
即使面对困难，你也不应该灰心。(even if)
答案：You shouldn't lose heart even if you are in the face of difficulties/even if you are faced with difficulties.
Ⅲ.语法填空
The Adobe Cliff Dwellings (住所) are some of the most remarkable __1__ (attract) you will find in America. However, __2__ pays to prepare before you take the trip. We're not talking about locking up or getting a home security system, though those are __3__ (certain) good ideas, we're talking about culturally preparing.
You don't need to be a __4__ (history) scholar when it comes to the lives and languages of the ancient Native Americans, but it would help to know a thing or two about the people and their customs. __5__ (know) what their daily lives were like and the challenges they __6__ (be) up against can help you gain some insights as far as __7__ it took to create these great dwellings.
A guided tour is __8__ must if you want to make the most of this trip. Not only will you get __9__ (much) information on the lives of these Native Americans, but you might even get some access to areas that you otherwise might not __10__ (allow) to enter.
Above all else, remember to have an open mind and take lots of pictures, because the cave dwellings are an experience not quite like any other—a definitive entrance to the past.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了游客们去The Adobe Cliff Dwellings景点参观时，需要做的一些文化上的准备。
1．attractions　考查词性转换。由some可知，应填名词的复数形式，attraction “吸引人之物”，为可数名词。
2．it　考查代词。出发前做些准备是值得的。it为形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语。
3．certainly　考查词性转换。由句意“那些当然是好主意”可知，空格处在句中作状语，故用副词certainly。
4．historical　考查词性转换。空格处作定语，修饰名词，故使用形容词。historical scholar “历史学学者”。
5．Knowing　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处需要动词­ing短语作主语。
6．were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。由and前的“were”可知，动作发生在过去；由主语“they”可知，谓语动词用复数，故用were。
7．what　考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导后面的从句且在从句中作宾语，意为“……的东西(事物)”，故用what连接。
8．a　考查冠词。a must表示“必不可少的东西”，符合句意。
9．more　考查副词的比较级。由句意可知，此处表示“更多的信息”，故用more。
10．be allowed　考查动词的语态。动词allow与you之间存在动宾关系，故用被动语态。
Ⅳ.短文改错
How time flies! This is a third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school had organized many activities. What impressed me most is an activity calling “Learning to Farm”. In an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm which we learnt to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for so a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the hole, put the earth back and pushed them down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, but we felt fulfilled on our way back home.
答案：
How time flies! This is third year that I have been in this school. In the past two and a half years, our school organized many activities. What impressed me most is an activity “Learning to Farm”. an autumn afternoon, we were sent to a farm we learnt to plant potatoes. Having been in the city for a long time, we were so happy to go to the countryside. After divided into three groups, we started to work. Some students cut potatoes into pieces, some dug holes, and the others put the pieces of potatoes into the ， put the earth back and pushed down hard. We continued doing that until all the work was done. Although we were exhausted, we felt fulfilled on our way back home.
难项分析：
第二处：had→has　考查动词的时态。当时间状语为In the past ... years时，句子通常用现在完成时。故had应改为has。
第五处：which前加on或which→where　考查定语从句的引导词。本句中，a farm之后的部分为定语从句，修饰先行词a farm，关系词在从句中作状语，表地点，应用关系副词where；where也可以由on which代替。故which前加介词on或者将which改为where。
第十处：去掉but或but→yet　考查连词。从属连词although与并列连词but不能同时出现在一个复合句中，但yet可以。故此处应去掉but或将but改为yet。