2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题九Book6　Unit5Thepowerofnature

1．How weak our human beings are when confronted with nature!

在大自然面前，我们人类是多么的脆弱呀！

2．It goes without saying that hard work will pay off.

毋庸置疑，付出会有回报。

3．Bathed in the brilliant sunshine, we bicycled to plant trees, talking and laughing all the way.

沐浴在灿烂的阳光下，我们骑车去植树，一路上有说有笑。

4．Absorbed in reading Harry Potter in the reading room, she didn't notice it was getting dark.

在阅览室里，她沉浸于《哈利·波特》的阅读中，都没有注意到天黑了。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词

(1)alongside (adv.) 在旁边；沿着边 (prep.) 在……旁边；沿着……的边

(2)appoint (vt.) 任命；委派→appointment (n.) 约定；任命

(3)wave (n.) 波浪；波涛 (vi.) 波动；起伏；挥手

(4)absolute (adj.) 绝对的；完全的→absolutely (adv.) 绝对地；完全地

(5)suit (n.) 一套外衣；套装 (vt.) 适合；使适宜→suitable (adj.) 合适的

(6)potential (n.) 潜在性；可能性；潜能 (adj.) 可能的；潜在的

(7)actual (adj.) 实在的；实际的→actually (adv.) 实际上

(8)shoot (vt.) 射中；射伤→shot (n.) 射击；枪炮声

(9)anxious (adj.) 忧虑的；不安的→anxiety (n.) 担心；焦虑；渴望

(10)panic (vi.& vt.) 惊慌 (n.) 惊慌；恐慌→panicked (过去式/过去分词)→panicking (现在分词)

(11)guarantee (vt.) 保证；担保 (n.) 保证书；商品保修单

Ⅱ　阅读单词

(1)equipment (n.) 设备；装备

(2)evaluate (vt.) 评估；评价；估计

(3)candidate (n.) 候选人；候补者

(4)precious (adj.) 贵重的；珍贵的

(5)uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒服的；不舒适的

(6)tremble (vi.) 摇晃；摇动；颤抖

(7)diverse (adj.) 多种多样的；不同的

(8)appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感激；感谢

　[单句语法填空]

1．I felt ________ (comfortable) in my stomach because I ate too much.

答案：uncomfortable

2．It helps children to develop ________ (appreciate) of poetry and literature.

答案：appreciation

3．Some people hold the belief that ________ (anxious) can lead to changes for the better.

答案：anxiety

4．You'd better choose the activity which interests you and ________ (suit) you.

答案：suits

5．She was ________ (tremble) with excitement.

答案：trembling

6．They are demanding certain ________ (guarantee) before they sign the treaty.

答案：guarantees

7．Jim is an ________ (absolute) brilliant expert in computer.

答案：absolutely

8．He was ________ (appoint) as manager of the company.

答案：appointed

9．It can be difficult ________ (evaluate) the effectiveness of different treatments.

答案：to evaluate

10．The protests became more violent and many people ________ (panic) into leaving the country.

答案：were panicked

联想积累

1．“职场”高频动词集锦

①appoint 任命；委派  ②hire 雇用；租用

③employ 雇用  ④interview 面试

⑤promote 晋升  ⑥fire 开除

⑦dismiss 解雇  ⑧resign 辞职

⑨retire 退休

2．后缀­ty构成的抽象名词集锦

①anxiety 担心；焦虑；渴望  ②variety 品种；种类

③society 社会  ④safety 安全

⑤security 安全；安全感  ⑥ability 能力

⑦activity 活动  ⑧curiosity 好奇心

⑨equality 平等  ⑩majority 多数

1．be_suitable_for  适合……

2．be_appointed_as  被任命为……

3．burn_to_the_ground  被大火夷为平地

4．be_about_to_do_sth.  正要、即将要做某事

5．make_one's_way  前往

6．be anxious about  对……忧虑/不安

7．glance through  匆匆看一遍

8．vary from ...  to ...   由……到……不等

9．give birth to  生产；分娩

10．have a gift for  有……天赋

　[选词填空]

1．The young man worked very hard and soon ________ head of the department.

答案：was appointed as

2．The snow being so thick, how did you ________ to the top of the hill?

答案：make your way

3．The Grand Hotel ________ before the firefighters arrived on the scene.

答案：had been burnt to the ground

4．After work, I usually ________ newspapers.

答案：glance through

5．Even though he is a little boy, he ________ music.

答案：has a gift for

6．The ages of the kids in the kindergarten ________ 2 years old ________ 5 years old.

答案：vary from; to

联想积累

1．“be＋adj.＋for”必备短语集锦

①be anxious for 渴望得到

②be good/bad for 对……有益/害

③be eager for 渴望得到

④be famous/well known for 因……而闻名

⑤be fit for 合适，适合

⑥be sorry for 为……感到遗憾/难过

⑦be hungry for 渴望得到

⑧be ready for 为……准备好

2．“动词＋through”必备短语一览

①get through 用完，耗尽；(设法)完成；(使)通过；渡过/熬过困难时期

②look through 快速查看，浏览

③go through 通过，接受；详细研究；经历；用完

④put through 使经受(困难或令人不悦的事情)；完成

⑤see through 识破

⑥check through 核对

⑦pull through 渡过危机；康复

⑧break through 突破，冲破；克服

⑨glance through 匆匆看一遍

答案：1.compared with/to driving a car　2.only to find

直击重点 突破考点

①　appoint　vt. 任命；委派；安排；确定(P34)

(1)单句语法填空

①He ________ (appoint) general manager for his rich experience.

②They appoint Tom ________ (take) charge of all the activities on that day.

答案：①was appointed　②to take

(2)单句写作

①If you want to see the doctor, you'd better ______________________ him in advance.

如果你想看医生，最好提前跟他预约。

②A date for the meeting is still ________________.

会议日期尚待确定。

答案：①make an appointment with　②to be appointed

(1)appoint sb. (as) ... 任命某人为……

appoint sb. to sth. 委任某人为某组织成员

appoint sb. to do sth. 委派某人做某事

appoint a time/place for 为……确定时间/地点

(2)appointment n. 任命；约会

make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人预约

keep/break an appointment 守/违约

②　suit　n. 一套外衣；套装　vt. 适合；使适宜(P34)

(1)单句语法填空

①A good teacher suits his lessons ________ the age of his pupils.

②They'd soon be penniless and homeless if they couldn't find ________ (suit) work.

答案：①to　②suitable

(2)单句写作

①If you want to go by bus, I think it ____________.

如果你想坐公共汽车去，我认为那对我也非常合适。

②Besides, finding a way ________________ yourself is also important.

此外，找到适合自己的方法也很重要。

答案：①suits me fine　②suitable for

(1)suit sb. fine很合某人的意；对某人很合适

suit ... to  ...  使……适合……

(2)suitable adj.  适当的；适用的

be suitable for 适合于

be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事

③　anxious　adj. 忧虑的；不安的(P38)

单句语法填空

①Helen's parents are anxious ________ her travelling on her own.

②There are plenty of graduates anxious ________ work.

③________ (anxious), she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn't fit.

答案：①about　②for　③Anxiously

(1)be/become anxious about sth. 对某事忧虑/担心

be anxious for sth. 渴望得到某物

be anxious for sb. 为某人担心

be anxious (for sb.) to do ... 渴望(某人)做……，急于(让某人)做……

be anxious that ... 担心/渴望……

(2)anxiously adv. 忧虑地；不安地

(3)anxiety n. 焦虑；担心；渴望

anxiety for sth. 对某事的渴望

④　panic　n. 惊慌；恐慌　vi.& vt. 惊慌(P38)

(1)单句语法填空

①The thieves fled ________ panic as soon as they saw the policeman.

②The whole class ________ (panic) when the teacher said that there would be a quiz today.

答案：①in　②panicked

(2)单句写作

I lost my way. Instead of ________________， I stayed where I was, waiting for rescue.

我迷路了。不是惊慌失措，而是待在原地等待救援。

答案：getting into a panic

get into a panic 惊慌失措(表动作)

in panic 惊慌失措地

in a state of panic 处于惊慌状态

a moment of panic 一时的惊慌

⑤　guarantee　vt. 保证；担保　n. 保证；保证书(P39)

(1)单句语法填空

①We guarantee ________ (deliver) your goods within a week.

②Can you give me a guarantee ________ the work will be finished on time?

答案：①to deliver　②that

(2)单句改错

The car is less than a year old, so it is still under the guarantee.

________________________________________________________________

答案：去掉第二个the

(1)guarantee sb. sth. 保证某人某事

guarantee to do sth. 保证/担保做某事

be guaranteed to do sth. 肯定会/势必会做某事

(2)give sb. a guarantee that ... 向某人保证……

under guarantee 在保修期内

①　make one's way 前往(P35)

(1)单句语法填空

I saw an old man ________ (make) his way with difficulty with a bag of vegetables on his back.

答案：making

(2)单句写作

①Many children walked along the lane and ________________ the beach.

许多孩子沿着小路向海滩走去。

②With a birthday cake and some vegetables in my hands, I ______________ home happily, imagining how delighted Mother would be when seeing what I did.

手里拿着生日蛋糕和蔬菜，我开心地往家走去，想象着看到我做的这一切妈妈该多么高兴。

答案：①made their way to　②made my way

feel one's way 摸索着前行；谨慎行事

fight/push one's way 奋力开出一条路/推挤着前行

wind one's way 蜿蜒向前

lose one's way 迷路

pick one's way 谨慎前进

find one's way 找到出路

force one's way out 挤出去；冲出去

②　vary from ... to ... 由……到……不等(P39)

(1)单句语法填空

①I like reading very much, especially storybooks, ________ (vary) from Chinese stories to English stories.

②There are ________ (variety) flowers in the park, attracting a lot of people there.

答案：①varying　②various

(2)单句写作

①Prices of fruit and vegetables often ________ the season.

水果和蔬菜的价格常随季节而变化。

②However, views on this issue ______________________.

然而，不同的人对这个问题持不同观点。

③The school over, my classmates and I held a heated discussion, at which ________________ ideas were  put forward.

放学了，我和同学进行热烈讨论，提出了多种办法。

答案：①vary with　②vary from person to person　③a variety of/varieties of/various

(1)vary with ... 随……而变化

vary in size/colour 大小/颜色不一样

vary between ... and ... /from ... to ... 由……到……情况不等；在……到……之间变动

(2)variety n. 种类，多样化；变化

various adj. 各种各样的；多方面的

a variety of＝varieties of＝various 各种各样的

[教材原句]Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.(P34)

收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测熔岩接着将往何处流，流速是多少。

(1)单句语法填空

①He stood there, ________ (wait) for the bus.

②________ (turn) to the left, you'll find the hospital.

③________ (finish) their work, they went home happily.

答案：①waiting　②Turning　③Having finished

(2)单句写作

①____________ his address, they had great difficulty in finding his house.

不知道他家的地址，他们费了好大劲才找到他的家。

②__________________ our  advice, he praised us, which really made us happy.

仔细看过我们的建议，他表扬了我们，这让我们很高兴。

答案：①Not knowing　②Having carefully read

“having done”是现在分词的完成式，在句中作状语。现在分词与句子的逻辑主语之间是主动关系。现在分词的一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动词表示的动作同时或几乎同时发生，而现在分词的完成式则表示该动作早于句子谓语动词表示的动作发生。

课文回练 升华运用

I have the greatest job in the world.  I travel to unusual places and work alongside people from all over  the world. Although my job is occasionally __1__ (danger), I don't mind because danger excites me and  makes me feel alive.

I __2__ (appoint) as a volcanologist working for the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory twenty years ago. My job is collecting information for a database about Mount Kilauea, __3__ is one of the most active volcanoes in Hawaii.  Having collected and evaluated the__4__ (inform), I help other volcanologists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast. Our work has saved many lives because people__5__ the path of the lava can be warned to leave their houses. __6__ (fortunate), we cannot move their homes out of the way, and many houses have been  covered with lava or burned to __7__ ground.

Today, I am just __8__ enthusiastic about my job as the day I first started. __9__(study) volcanoes now for many years, I am still __10__ (amaze) at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

答案：1.dangerous　2.was appointed　3.which　4.information　5.in　6.Unfortunately　7.the　8.as　9.Having studied　10.amazed

基础达标 自主训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The TV programme of this kind is not ________ (suit) for children.

答案：suitable　be suitable for ...  “适合……”。

2．It's impossible ________ (evaluate) these results without knowing more about the research method.

答案：to evaluate　惯用句型It's＋adj.＋to do。该句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式，故填to evaluate。

3．He is unfortunate, for his house ________ (burn) to the ground last night.

答案：was burnt　his house和burn之间存在被动关系，且时间状语为last night，故填was burnt。句意：他很不幸，因为他的房子在昨晚被彻底焚毁了。

4．You must be ________ (absolute) silent or the birds won't appear.

答案：absolutely　此处应用副词修饰形容词silent，故填absolutely。

5．I went back to my hometown, only ________ (find) it became so clean and beautiful.

答案：to find　only to do “结果却……”，动词不定式短语作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果。

6．Watching through their windows, the flood victims were anxious ________ (wait) for rescuers to come.

答案：to wait　be anxious to do ... “焦虑地做/急于做……”。

7．My watch is still ________ guarantee, so they'll repair it for free.

答案：under　under guarantee “在保修期内”。

8．She works in a theatre, ________ (follow) in her father's footsteps.

答案：following　主语she与follow之间为主动关系，故用现在分词following作状语。

9．I would like to express my ________ (appreciate) and thanks to you all.

答案：appreciation　由空格前的my和空后的thanks可知，应填名词，appreciation “感激”。

10．I need to make an ________ (appoint) with Mike to discuss the matter.

答案：appointment　make an appointment with sb. “和某人预约”。

Ⅱ.单句写作

1．With a birthday cake in my hand, I ________________ (前往) to my teacher's office excitedly.

答案：made my way

2．The formula of the shampoo is designed to ________________ (适合) all hair types.

答案：be suitable for

3．I ______________________ when a Chinese painting on the wall caught my eye.

我正要离开，这时墙上的一幅中国画吸引了我的注意。

答案：was about to leave

4．______________________________________________________________

关于读电子书还是纸质的书，大家的看法是不同的。(vary from ... to ... )

答案：Opinions on whether to read e­books or printed books vary from one person to another.

5．______________________________________________________________

此外，我有与别人沟通的天赋。

答案：Besides, I have a gift for communicating with others.

Ⅲ.语法填空

I still have good memories of a certain gentleman helping __1__ (shape) my future. I was in college when  my father passed away. I had another year in front of me in order to be called __2__ graduate. The trouble was that I could not concentrate __3__ my studies anymore. Whenever I tried to open my books to study, tears would   block my view. I just wanted to quit and stay at home __4__ (help) my mother deal with the sorrow.

At this time, I received his help through my father's personal financial advisor.  One evening, he visited us and asked about my studies. I told him I could not continue my college because I did not want to study anymore. He reminded me how my father __5__ (send) me to the best college in our city. Did I want to fulfill my father's dream or  did I want to __6__ (call) a failure? I wept, __7__ (say) I did want to do what my dad wanted but I just couldn't study. He gave me all the __8__ (encourage) I needed to be able to carry on. His calming, gentle voice did wonders and I decided to study __9__ (far) and complete my graduation. I still remember this gentleman __10__ came to my rescue and helped me make the right decision.

1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。在作者最颓废的时候，一位好心人给他指明了前进的道路，帮助他从失去父亲的痛苦中走出来，继续完成学业。

1．(to) shape　考查非谓语动词。help (to) do sth. “帮助做某事”。

2．a　考查冠词。此处表泛指，表示“一名毕业生”，graduate发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。

3．on　考查介词。由句中的“concentrate”可知，应填介词on，构成动词短语concentrate on ... “专心于……，把思想集中于……”。

4．to help　考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式表示目的。

5．had sent　考查动词的时态。send是发生在reminded之前的动作，表示“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。

6．be called　考查非谓语动词。此处表被动，意思是“想被称为失败者”。want to do结构中的to do应用被动式。

7．saying　考查非谓语动词。“saying＋从句”在句中作伴随状语。主语I与say是主动关系，且say和句子谓语wept表示的动作几乎同时发生，因此用现在分词。

8．encouragement　考查词性转换。根据语境及空格前的“the”可知，应用encourage的名词形式encouragement。

9．further　考查词性转换。由本句中的“complete my graduation”可知，作者会继续学习下去，应填表抽象意义的further “更进一步地”。

10．who/that　考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词是this gentleman，故用who/that。

Ⅳ.短文改错

(2020·黑龙江省牡丹江一中高三学年上学期检测)Water is very important to us, without that there would be no life. We couldn't live if we didn't have water. Therefore, some people don't turn the tap off at once after using it. Some people don't realize they wash them in the shower too long. Some even throw away bottles full in water. As middle school students, we should make great efforts to save water. On one hand, every single person's save water is significance. On other hand, we can use some water we just used to watering plants. We shouldn't leave the tap running for while we brush our tooth.

答案：

Water is very important to us, without  there would be no life. We couldn't live if we didn't have water. ， some people don't turn the tap off at once after using it. Some people don't realize they wash  in the shower too long. Some even throw away bottles full  water. As middle school students, we should make great efforts to save water. On one hand, every single person's  water is . On  other hand, we can use some water we just used to  plants. We shouldn't leave the tap running  while we brush our .

难项分析：

第一处：that→which　考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词that前面不能有介词。指物用which。

第八处：watering→water　考查非谓语动词。不定式to后接动词原形。

第九处：去掉for　考查状语从句。while引导的是时间状语从句，不用介词for。