2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题五Book5Unit1Greatscientists





1．Hawking, who is probably the world's most famous scientist after Albert Einstein, is an expert on black holes.
霍金，也许是继爱因斯坦之后世界最著名的科学家，他是研究黑洞方面的专家。
2．Ordinary­looking as she is, Tu Youyou has rich medical experience and she is deeply respected by other doctors and nurses.
尽管相貌平凡，但是屠呦呦凭借丰富的医疗经验，深得医生和护士的尊敬。
3．The rice developed by Yuan Longping is expected to gain more output, enabling more people to have something to eat.
袁隆平培育的水稻有望增加产量，从而解决更多人的温饱问题。
4．These activities “Approach Scientists” help us understand science subjects better and arouse our curiosity about science discoveries.
“走近科学家”活动有助于我们更好理解理科课程，激发我们对科学探索的好奇心。


自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)conclude (vt.& vi.) 结束；推断出→conclusion (n.) 结论；结束
(2)defeat (vt.) 打败；战胜；使受挫 (n.) 失败
(3)attend (vt.) 照顾；护理；出席；参加
(4)expose (vt.) 暴露；揭露；使曝光→exposure (n.) 暴露；揭发
(5)cure (n.) 治愈；痊愈 (vt.) 治愈；治疗
(6)challenge (n.) 挑战 (vt.) 向……挑战
(7)suspect (vt.) 认为；怀疑 (n.) 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
(8)blame (vt.) 责备；谴责 (n.) 过失；责备
(9)pollute (vt.) 污染；弄脏→pollution (n.) 污染
(10)contribute (vt.& vi.) 捐献；贡献；捐助→contribution (n.) 贡献
Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)scientific (adj.) 科学的
(2)analyse (vt.) 分析
(3)expert (adj.) 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的 (n.) 专家；行家
(4)victim (n.) 受害者
(5)absorb (vt.) 吸收；吸引；使专心
(6)instruct (vt.) 命令；指示；教导
(7)construct (vt.) 建设；修建
(8)positive (adj.) 积极的；肯定的；确实的
(9)enthusiastic (adj.) 热情的；热心的
(10)cautious (adj.) 小心的；谨慎的
　[单句语法填空]
1．That year, I ________ (attend) a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world.
答案：attended
2．Instead of ________ (blame) the child who had broken the vase, she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go.
答案：blaming
3．In the end the idea almost leads them to the same ________ (conclude)．
答案：conclusion
4．After he was ________ (cure) of the cancer, he lived a normal life.
答案：cured
5．Not knowing what was wrong with his car, Tom decided to send for an experienced man ________ (handle) the problem.
答案：to handle
6．Judging from your exam results, I think you have cause for ________ (caution) optimism about getting a place at Peking University.
答案：cautious
7．To our surprise, many rivers and lakes nearby are seriously ________ (pollute)．
答案：polluted
8．When I came in, he was ________ (absorb) in reading a new novel.
答案：absorbed
9．We're not saying that everyone needs ________ (contribute) their lives to the poor.
答案：to contribute
10．The young player was ________ (defeat) by his partner in the game, but he didn't lose heart.
答案：defeated

联想积累
1．后缀­sion构成的抽象名词
①conclusion 结论；结束
②admission 准许进入；承认
③confusion 混乱；困惑；混淆
④expression 词组；表达；表情
⑤oppression 压迫；压制
⑥permission 允许；许可
⑦profession 职业；专业
⑧impression 印象
⑨revision 修改，修正；复习
2．表示“观点；态度”的高频形容词
①positive 积极的
②negative 消极的
③subjective 主观的
④objective 客观的
⑤doubtful 怀疑的
⑥critical 批评的


1．put_forward 提出
2．draw_a_conclusion 得出结论
3．expose ... to ... 使显露；暴露
4．be_absorbed_in 全神贯注于；专心致志于
5．be_to_blame 应受责备；应承担责任
6．link ... to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
7．contribute to 导致；有助于；撰稿
8．apart from 除……之外；此外
9．(be) strict with 对……严格的
10．make sense 讲得通；有意义
　[选词填空]
put forward, draw a conclusion, apart from, make sense, contribute to, expose ... to ...
1.From what is said above, we can ________ that computers are more a blessing than a disaster.
答案：draw a conclusion
2．I think the plan ________ by Mr Smith is very reasonable.
答案：put forward
3．He did not want to ________ his fears and insecurity ________ anyone.
答案：expose; to
4．Positive emotions ________ both our health and our success.
答案：contribute to
5．Our team, ________ regular training, will join in a variety of activities.
答案：apart from
6．It doesn't ________ to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
答案：make sense

联想积累
1．“动词＋宾语＋to”短语
①expose ... to ... 使显露；暴露
②link ... to ... 将……和……联系或连接起来
③add ... to ... 把……加到……里
④compare ... to ... 把……比作……；与……相比
⑤devote ... to ... 把……奉献于……
⑥supply ... to ... 向……供应……
2．“be＋过去分词＋in”短语
①be absorbed in 专心于……
②be lost in 沉浸于……；专心致志于……
③be caught up in 被卷入……
④be buried in 被安葬在……
⑤be occupied in 忙于……
3．与forward搭配的短语
①put forward 提出
②look forward to 盼望
③bring forward 提出
④step forward 主动站出来(帮忙或提供信息)；自告奋勇


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时，都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
every time “每次……”，可以引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：each time, the first time, the moment(一……就……)等。
Concerning my study，________________________ to school I will ask the teachers or my classmates for help.
至于我的学习，我一返校就去向老师们或同学们请教。

续表
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
2.It seemed that the water was to blame.
看来水是罪魁祸首。
It seems that ... “似乎……；好像……”
____________________________ doing more reading is good for you.
在我看来多阅读对你有好处。

答案：1.the moment I return　2.It seems to me that

直击重点 突破考点

①　conclusion　n. 结论；结束(P1)

(1)单句语法填空
He concluded ________ their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
答案：from
(2)单句写作
①________________， I'd like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
最后，我想说我今天玩得非常开心。
②She ____________________ by reminding us of our responsibility.
她在演讲结束时提醒我们所担负的责任。
答案：①In conclusion　②concluded the speech

(1)come to/arrive at/reach/draw a conclusion 得出结论
in conclusion 总而言之；最后
(2)conclude
conclude

表示“总而言之，总的说来”的其他表达还有：in short, in brief, in a word, all in all, to sum up, briefly (speaking), on the whole等。

②　attend　vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①If I had been invited beforehand, I ________ (attend) the 100th anniversary celebration of your school.
②All the participants were required to sign in as they entered the hall ________ (attend) the meeting.
答案：①would have attended　②to attend
(2)单句写作
I can't go to see the movie with you tonight, because I have several matters to ______________.
今晚我不能和你一起去看电影了，我有好多事情要处理。
答案：attend to

attend school/class/church 上学/上课/去教堂
attend a meeting/lecture/wedding/funeral/party 参加会议/听演讲/参加婚礼/参加葬礼/出席聚会
attend to sb. 看护，照料某人
attend to 处理(生意或个人事务)；接待(顾客)

attend侧重“参加”之意。attend to作“处理”讲时，与do/deal with近义；另attend to作“关怀；照料”讲时，与take care of, look after近义。

③　expose　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光(P2)

单句写作
①Don't __________________ direct sunlight, or you'll get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下，否则你会被晒伤。
②If __________________ the outside surroundings, they'll be stronger and better prepared for their future.
置身于外部的环境，他们将变得更强大，并且为未来更好地做准备。
③I have been ____________________ English for ten years, enabling me to communicate well with foreigners.
我接触英语已经10年了，这使我能够与外宾顺利沟通。
答案：①expose your skin to　②exposed to　③exposed to

expose ... to ... 使……显露；暴露
be exposed to 暴露于……；接触……
expose sb. to sth. 使某人接触到/体验某物
exposed adj. 无保护的；无遮蔽的
exposure n. 显露；暴露；揭露；曝光

在expose ... to ... 以及be exposed to ... 结构中，to为介词，其后要用名词、代词或动名词。

④　absorb　vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心(P2)

(1)单句语法填空
①However, when something did interest me, I could become ________ (absorb)．
②Plants absorb carbon dioxide ________ the air and moisture from the soil.
答案：①absorbed　②from
(2)单句写作
________ in painting, John didn't notice evening approaching.
全神贯注于画画，约翰没有注意到夜幕降临了。
答案：Absorbed

(1)absorb ... from ... 从……中吸收……
absorb ... into ... 把……吸收进……
be absorbed into 被……吞并/并入
be absorbed in ... 全神贯注于……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
absorbing adj. 十分吸引人的

⑤　blame　vt. 责备；谴责　n. 过失；责备(P2)

单句写作
①Which driver __________________ for the accident?
哪个司机是这次事故的肇事者？
②Alice was in low spirits because she ____________ the breakdown of the school computer network.
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的瘫痪负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
③Many children are afraid of ____________ for failing the exam.
许多孩子害怕因考试不及格而受责备。
④I am ready __________________ for the mistake.
我准备为这个错误承担责任。
答案：①is to blame　②was blamed for　③being blamed　④to take/bear/accept the blame

(1)blame sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而责备某人
blame sth. on sb. 把某事归咎于某人
be to blame (for sth.) (对某事)应承担责任；应受责备
(2)accept/bear/take the blame for ... 对……负责；为……承担责任
put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把责任推到某人身上

be to blame 为主动形式表示被动意义，因此不能再用被动语态。

⑥　contribute　vt.& vi. 捐献；贡献；捐助(P4)

(1)单句语法填空
①Who made a great ________ (contribute) to the civil rights movement in the US?
②Alcohol contributes ________ 100,000 deaths in the US each year.
答案：①contribution　②to
(2)单句写作
If you want to ____________ our magazine, please send me your article before the deadline.
如果你想为我们杂志撰写稿件，请在最后期限前把文章发给我。
答案：contribute to

(1)contribute ... to ... 向……捐献……
contribute to 有助于；导致；为……作贡献；为……捐款；为……撰稿
(2)contribution n. 捐款；捐献；贡献；投送的稿件
make a contribution/contributions to 对……作出贡献；为……捐款

表示“引起，导致；有助于”的词语有：contribute to, result in, bring about, lead to, cause等。


①　put forward 提出；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表)向前拨(P1)

写出下列句子中put forward的含义
①The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to help promote fully automatic driving.________
②My watch was slow, so I put it forward three minutes.________
③She was put forward as an advanced worker.________
④They have put forward the date of the meeting by three days.________
答案：①提出　②把表拨快　③推荐　④将……提前

put away 把……收拾好；把……放回原处；储蓄
put aside 放下(正在读的东西或正在干的活)；存(钱)备用；留出
put down 放下；写下；记下；镇压
put on 穿上；上演
put off 推迟；延期
put up 搭建；张贴；为……提供住宿
put through 接通电话；完成
put out 扑灭
put up with 容忍；忍受

②　apart from 除……之外；此外(P4)

单句写作
①____________ the salary, it's not a bad job，enjoying ourselves with the kids all day.
不考虑薪水的话，这工作还不错，可以整天开心地和孩子们在一起。
②__________________ the yard and making the bed for the old, we also read newspapers for them and had chats with them.
除了打扫庭院和为老人们铺床外，我们还为他们读报纸并且跟他们聊天。
③They are so alike, and it's difficult to ____________.
他们长得太像了，很难把他们区分开。
答案：①Apart from　②Apart from cleaning　③tell them apart

(1)apart from具有下列三层含义：
①相当于as well as/in addition to。指“除……之外(还)；此外；加之”，强调“另外还有”；
②相当于aside from。指“除了……外”；
③相当于except for。指“除了……外(都)；要不是”，是在对某人或物整体上肯定的同时，特别指出其不足之处。
(2)take ... apart 将……拆开
tell sb./sth. apart 把某人/某物区分开

③　make sense 有意义；讲得通(P7)

单句语法填空
①Can you make sense _______ what this writer is saying?
②There is no sense in ________ (buy) expensive clothes for children, as they soon grow out of them.
③In no sense ________ he realize he had made such a serious mistake.
答案：①of　②buying　③did

make sense of 理解；弄明白
make no sense 没有道理；没有意义
bring sb. to sb.'s senses 某人清醒过来
in a sense 从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不(位于句首时句子要用部分倒装结构)
common sense 常识
a sense of duty/humor/beauty/direction 责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感
There is no sense in (doing) sth. (做)某事是没有意义的


①　[教材原句]But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. (P2)
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓，他就感到很振奋。

单句语法填空
①Have you read the novel ________ (write) by Mo Yan?
②After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ (catch) in the mud.
③The children were all ________ after they heard the ________ news that their team had won the game. (inspire)
答案：①written　②caught　③inspired; inspiring

过去分词inspired和exposed在句中分别作表语和定语。作定语时置于所修饰词之后或之前表示动作完成或被动。作表语时置于系动词之后，说明主语的状态或特征。

单个的过去分词作定语时，常位于它所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后，但单个过去分词修饰something, everything等不定代词时，也要后置。

②　[教材原句]He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. (P7)
他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都围绕着太阳转，而只有月球围绕着地球转。

(1)单句语法填空
With the boy ________ (show) us the way, we got there easily.
答案：showing
(2)单句写作
①________________________， I smiled in relief.
问题解决之后，我欣慰地笑了。
②The boy felt very pleased ________________________.
有那么多孩子坐在他周围，男孩很高兴。
③________________， he was standing there, looking up at the stars in the sky.
开着窗，他站在那里，仰望着天上的星星。
答案：①With the problem solved　②with so many children sitting around him　③With the window open

“with＋宾语＋宾补”复合结构：
with＋宾语＋
此结构在句中常作状语，可位于句首或句尾，常作时间、原因、方式、伴随状语等，亦可作后置定语。

课文回练 升华运用
John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who was so expert that he __1__ (attend) Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he was famous for __2__ (defeat) “King Cholera”．
Cholera was a __3__ (dead) disease and neither its cause __4__ its cure was understood. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve the problem. He suspected that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. So when another severe outbreak hit London, he began his enquiry. He found that many victims __5__ (link) to the outbreak were near the water pump, so he had the handle __6__ (remove). Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He drew __7__ conclusion that the polluted water was __8__ (blame)．
The water __9__ (company) were instructed not to expose people __10__ polluted water anymore. Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.attended　2.defeating　3.deadly　4.nor　5.linked　6.removed　7.the　8.to blame　9.companies 10．to

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Only when he arrived ________ the meeting begin.
答案：did　以only引起的短语或状语从句放在句首时，为了加强语气，句子要部分倒装。由时间状语从句when he arrived可知，应用一般过去时，故填did。
2．We will have a further discussion before we draw a final ________ (conclude)．
答案：conclusion　draw a conclusion “得出结论”。句意：在得出最终结论前，我们将作进一步的讨论。
3．________ (absorb) in writing a letter, he didn't even look up when I came in.
答案：Absorbed　be absorbed in ... “全神贯注于……”，此处为分词作状语，故填Absorbed。
4．That you ________ (expose) to the sunlight for too long will be harmful to your skin.
答案：are exposed　be exposed to ... “暴露于……；接触……”。
5．There is no sense in ________ (worry) about the future.
答案：worrying　There is no sense in (doing) sth. “(做)某事是没有意义的”。
6．While ________ (attend) to the main task, we should unfold the work in other fields.
答案：attending　attend to “处理；照料”。从句的主语和主句主语一致，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，补充完整为：While we are attending to ...，故填attending。
7．The bank manager was really ________ (blame), though he tried to pass the buck.
答案：to blame　be to blame “应受责备；应承担责任”，为主动形式表示被动意义。
8．Mr Reed made up his mind to contribute all he had to ________ (set) up some schools for poor children.
答案：setting　contribute ... to ... “为……奉献……”，其中to为介词，其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式，故填setting。
9．My parents tend to accept any idea ________ (put) forward by experts on TV.
答案：put　put forward “提出”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词idea。
10．The children are helpless ________ (victim) of the fight.
答案：victims　由于主语是The children，是复数形式，所以victim也要用其复数形式。句意：这些孩子是战斗中无助的受害者。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．People ______________ (对……感兴趣) the new theory explaining how the rainforest adjusts to the climate.
答案：get interested in
2．Having done the experiment for two weeks, they finally ________________ (得出结论).
答案：drew a conclusion
3．After finishing my homework, I read the newly borrowed book and ________________ the stories.
完成作业后，我读了新借的书，并且沉浸在故事中。
答案：was deeply absorbed in
4．____________________________________________________________
他练习书法(calligraphy)已经三年了。(expose ... to ... )
答案：He has been exposed to practicing calligraphy for three years.
5．_________________________________________________________
好的家风有助于塑造人的品质，对构建和谐繁荣的社会有很大贡献。
答案：Good family rules help build people's character, which contributes a lot to a harmonious and prosperous society.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·湖南省三湘名校教育联盟高三第一次大联考)During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI (人工智能) will soon reach a level __1__ it will be a “new form of life that will perform __2__ (well) than humans”. Professor Hawking even went so far as to say that AI may replace humans altogether, __3__ he didn't state exactly a timeline for his forecast. He said：“I fear that AI may replace humans altogether. If people design computer viruses, someone will design AI that improves and copies __4__ (it). This will be a new form of life that outperforms humans.”
During __5__ interview, Professor Hawking also urged more people to take an interest in science, __6__ (say) that there would be “serious consequence” if this didn't happen. He said that a new space programme should __7__ (develop), adding human may have to turn to other suitable planets for habitation __8__ (eventual). He said：“I believe we have reached the point of no return. Our Earth is becoming too small for us, global population is increasing at a __9__ (surprise) rate and we are in danger of self­destructing.”
This isn't the first time that Hawking __10__ (express) fears about the rise of AI. In October last year, he warned that artificial intelligence could develop a will of its own that is in conflict with that of humanity.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述霍金接受采访时认为人工智能的发展和崛起对人类造成威胁因而表示出对人类未来的担忧。霍金宣称机器人的进化速度可能比人类更快，一旦机器人达到能够自我进化的关键阶段，我们无法预测它们的目标是否还与人类相同。
1．where　考查定语从句的引导词。句中“it will be a ‘new form of life that will perform __2__ (well) than humans’”是一个定语从句，修饰表示抽象地点的先行词a level，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以填关系副词where。
2．better　考查副词的比较级。根据“than humans”可知，这里应该使用副词的比较级，所以填better。
3．but　考查连词。句意：但是，他没有准确地说明他所预测的时间线。表示转折关系，所以填but。
4．itself　考查代词。句意：如果有人设计了电脑病毒，有人就会设计能提高和复制它自己的人工智能。此处表示“它自己”，所以填itself。
5．the　考查冠词。特指“这次采访”，用定冠词，所以填the。
6．saying　考查非谓语动词。Professor Hawking和say之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，所以填saying。
7．be developed　考查动词的语态。a new space programme与develop之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，所以填be developed。
8．eventually　考查词性转换。修饰整个句子，应用副词，所以填eventually。
9．surprising　考查词性转换。句意：地球对于我们来说，太小了，全球人口以一种令人吃惊的速度增长，我们处于一种自我毁灭的危险中。­ed形容词修饰人，­ing形容词修饰物，这里修饰rate，所以填surprising。
10．has expressed　考查动词的时态。This is the first (second ... ) time that是一个固定句型，主句使用的是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时，所以填has expressed。
Ⅳ.短文改错
One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell in the sky, nearly hitting him on his head. He was greatly frightening by the unexpected incident. Dropped the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. What dangerous it was!
Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living highly in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame for. Every one of us should behave politely and think more about other. Only when we each behaved properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.
答案：
One day, an old man was returning home after shopping. Suddenly, a bag of waste fell the sky, nearly hitting him on head. He was greatly by the unexpected incident. the things he had bought to the ground, he ran away rapidly. dangerous it was!
Obviously, the accident caused by a careless neighbour living in an apartment. It was that person who was to blame . Every one of us should behave politely and think more about . Only when we each properly can our society be changed into a pleasant one.
难项分析：
第二处：his→the　考查冠词。“动词＋sb.＋介词＋the＋身体部位”为固定用法，此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部”。
第四处：Dropped→Dropping　考查非谓语动词。逻辑主语he与drop之间为主动关系，故用现在分词。
第九处：other→others　考查代词。other为形容词“其他的”；others为代词，意为“其他人或物”。