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2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题八Book2Unit4Wildlifeprotection
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1．The government is sparing no effort to take measures to protect the wild animals, which is closely related to our living environment.
政府在不遗余力地采取措施保护野生动物。这与我们的生活环境息息相关。
2．Personally, raising people's awareness is above everything in terms of wildlife protection.
我认为，就保护野生动物而言，提高人们的意识是首要问题。
3．Only through this activity did I realize that small things can make a big difference. I will spare no effort to devote myself to the protection of animals.
通过这次活动，我才认识到，事情虽小意义非凡。我会不遗余力投身到动物保护工作。
4．Better living conditions can really be reached on condition that the environment is well protected.
只有保护好环境，才能真正享有更好的生存条件。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)hunt (vt.& vi.) 打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter (n.) 猎人→hunting (n.) 狩猎运动；打猎
(2)contain (vt.) 包含；容纳；容忍→container (n.) 容器
(3)affect (vt.) 影响；感动；侵袭→affection (n.) 喜爱；感情→effect (n.) 影响；效果；作用
(4)appreciate (vt.) 鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感谢
(5)succeed (vi.) 成功 (vt.) 接替；继任→success (n.) 成功→successful (adj.) 成功的→successfully (adv.) 成功地
(6)employ (vt.) 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer (n.) 雇主→employee (n.) 雇员；雇工→employment (n.) 雇用；使用；就业→unemployment (反义词) (n.) 失业；失业人数
(7)harm (n.& vt.) 损害；危害→harmful (adj.) 有害的→harmless (adj.) 无害的
(8)bite (vt.& vi.) 咬；叮；刺痛→bit (过去式)→bitten (过去分词)
(9)inspect (vt.) 检查；视察→inspection (n.) 视察→inspector (n.) 检查员；视察员
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)wild (adj.) 野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的
(2)decrease (vi.& vt.) 减少；(使)变小或变少
(3)loss (n.) 损失；遗失；丧失
(4)reserve (n.) 保护区
(5)respond (vi.) 回答；响应；做出反应
(6)distant (adj.) 远的；远处的
(7)relief (n.) (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
(8)mercy (n.) 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
(9)certain (adj.) 确定的；某些；一定会的
(10)powerful (adj.) 强大的；有力的
(11)incident (n.) 事件；事变
[单句语法填空]
1．The painting, Horse Map (《奔马图》), by Xu Beihong looks better at a ________ (distant)．
答案：distance
2．I received a letter ________ (contain) some important information about the project.
答案：containing
3．Sorry, you can't take the seats, because they ________ (reserve) for special guests.
答案：are reserved
4．As is known, Qi Baishi ________ (success) in painting shrimps (虾)．
答案：succeeded
5．To his delight, all his ________ (employ) were working hard.
答案：employees
6．I'd ________ (appreciate) it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案：appreciate
7．Much ________ (affect)by the story, I am determined to be a volunteer worker.
答案：affected
8．By the year 2020, computers will have already become more handy and also ________ (power) than the human brain.
答案：more powerful
9．Smoking is ________ (harm), which not only is bad for your health but also wastes a lot of money.
答案：harmful
10．Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park when she ________ (bite) on the foot by a snake.
答案：was bitten
联想积累
1．派生名词(v.＋ing)
①ending 结局；结尾
②training 训练；培养
③feeling 感觉；感情
④painting 绘画；油画
⑤setting 环境；(小说的)背景
⑥suffering 苦难
⑦lighting 照明设备；灯光
⑧building 建筑物
2．巧记各种“事件”
①incident n. 事件；事变
②accident n. 事故
③traffic accident 交通事故
④event n. 重大事件；比赛项目
⑤sports event 体育赛事
1．die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in_danger_(of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in_relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．without_mercy 毫不怜悯地
7．protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)
8．pay attention to 注意
9．do harm to 对……有害
10．come into being 形成；产生
11．according to 按照；根据……所说
12．so that 以至于；结果
[选词填空]
1．From 500 BC onwards, many independent kingdoms ________.
答案：came into being
2．Learning the previous paintings were saved, she breathed ________.
答案：in relief
3．As is reported on TV, many volunteers tried their best to prevent animals and plants from ________.
答案：dying out
4．He majored in design at college ________ he could pass on handcrafted furniture.
答案：so that
5．Hearing the funny story, the students all ________.
答案：burst into laughter
6．He spent much time writing articles, calling on people to protect animals ________.
答案：in danger
联想积累
1．“出现；消失”家族
①die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear 消失；失踪
③appear 出现
④vanish 消失；突然不见
⑤show up 出现
⑥turn up 出现；发生
2．“关注”词汇一览
①pay attention to 注意
②keep an eye on 密切注视
③focus one's attention on 关注
④concentrate on 关注；集中注意力
⑤keep a close watch on 密切关注
⑥fix one's eyes on 注视
3．“come into＋n.”短语一览
①come into power 开始执政
②come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
③come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
④come into operation 开始运转；实施；生效
⑤come into use 开始使用
⑥come into being 形成；产生
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
This is what wildlife protection is all about.
这就是关于野生动物保护的所有内容。
what引导表语从句，在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
As for English study, I think doing more reading is ____________________. 至于英语学习，我认为多阅读是最让我受益的。
答案：what has benefited me most
直击重点 突破考点
① contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；抑制(P26)
单句写作
①In the back pocket, you will find an envelope ________ $800 and an air ticket from Beijing to New York.
在后口袋里，你会发现一个信封，里面装有800美元和一张北京至纽约的机票。
②Helping others gives you an opportunity to change people's lives, ____________________.
帮助别人可以给你机会改变人们的生活，包括改变你自己的生活。
答案：①containing ②including your own
(1)contain oneself 克制自我；控制自己的情绪
(2)container n. 容器；货柜
contain与include这两个词都有“包含”的意思。
contain
“包含”，侧重于整体内有，指在某一范围或整体内容纳某物
include
“包含”，侧重于被包含，只是整体的一部分。including为介词，放在被包含的事物之前；included为形容词，放在被修饰的名词之后
② affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭(P26)
单句语法填空
①Farmers and market gardeners have been badly affected ________ the drought.
②Lack of sleep can have a big effect ________ your performance at school.
③I was deeply ________ (affect) by the play, Love Can Take Us Everywhere (《有爱走遍天下》), made by ourselves.
答案：①by ②on/upon ③affected
(1)affection n. 喜爱
(2)effect n. 影响；效果
have an effect upon/on 对……有影响
take effect/come into effect 生效/开始实施
③ appreciate vt.欣赏；鉴赏；感激；意识到；理解(P26)
单句语法填空
①I sincerely appreciate your ________ (lend) me the money.
②I would appreciate ________ if you could take my application into account.
③Upon leaving, the couple thanked me warmly again, expressing their ________ (appreciate) for my kind help.
答案：①lending ②it ③appreciation
appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将非常感激
appreciate sb.'s friendship 珍视某人的友谊
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
④ succeed vi. 成功 vt. 接替；继任(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①They have succeeded in ________ (work) out ground rules with the company.
②I tried to contact him, but without ________ (succeed)．
③They have accomplished their task ________ (success)．
答案：①working ②success ③successfully
(2)单句改错
I wish this year's English speech competition great success.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：great前加a
(1)succeed in doing sth.＝be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
(2)success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事物
(3)successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
⑤ employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①She is not yet old enough ________ (employ) in a position of trust.
②The number of people ________ (employ) by the company has risen from 25 to 200 in three years.
③Men and women must be treated equally in education and ________ (employ)．
答案：①to be employed ②employed ③employment
(2)单句改错
The children employed in weeding the garden at this time yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：employed前加were
(1)employ ... as ... 雇用……当……
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于某事
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)out of employment 失业
in employment 有工作；在业
① die out灭亡；逐渐消失(P25)
单句写作
①No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs ________________.
尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。
②Seeing the cattle ________________ in the snowstorm, he asked the local people for help.
看到那些暴风雪中快死掉的牛，他向当地人寻求帮助。
③The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire ________________ gradually.
露天音乐会半夜结束了，篝火也逐渐熄灭了。
④People there are ________________ peace as the civil war has lasted for several years.
因为内战已持续多年，所以那儿的人们非常渴望和平。
答案：①died out ②dying off ③died down ④dying for
dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；渴望的
death n. 死；死亡
die away (指风、声、光等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
die down 减弱；平息
die from 死于(外因，如：外伤、自然灾害、交通事故等)
die of 死于(内因，如：疾病、饥饿、寒冷、衰老等)
die off 相继死去
be dying for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
② protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)(P26)
单句写作
①In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to ____________________ the sun.
在夏天，很多人常戴墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。
②To reduce white pollution, they delivered speeches to ________________ using plastic bags.
为了减少白色污染，他们发表演说阻止人们使用塑料袋。
③The workers can use their own rights accordingly __________________ of the law.
在法律的保护下工人们可以相应地行使自己的权利。
答案：①protect their eyes from ②prevent/stop/keep people from ③under the protection
(1)protect sb./sth. from/against ... 保护某人/某物免受……
(2)under the protection of ... 在……的保护下
(3)prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
“prevent/stop ... from ...”在主动语态中from可省略，但在被动语态中不能省略。“keep ... from ...”无论是在主动语态还是在被动语态中都不能省略from。
③ pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事(P26)
(1)单句改错
When in class, please pay attention to listen to the teacher carefully.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：listen→listening
(2)单句写作
①The teacher suggested that we should ____________________ details in exams.
老师建议我们考试时尤其要特别注意细节。
②On my way to or from school, an old man playing the erhu ______________.
在我上下学的路上，一位拉二胡的老人引起了我的注意。
答案：①pay special attention to ②attracted/caught/drew my attention
turn one's attention to 把某人的注意力转移到……
draw/catch/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
focus one's attention on 集中注意力于；聚精会神于
give one's attention to 注意
① [教材原句]We're being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. (P26)
为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。
单句语法填空
①Something ________ (do) to save the local wildlife all the time.
②With the development of science, more new technologies ________ (apply) in the field of IT.
③It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines ________ (build) in Wuhan now.
答案：①is being done ②are being applied ③are being built
(1)“am/is/are being＋动词的过去分词”是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行的被动动作。而“was/were being＋过去分词”是过去进行时的被动语态。
(2)现在进行时的被动语态的结构：
肯定式：am/is/are＋being done
否定式：am/is/are＋not＋being done
一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being done?
② [教材原句]They learned this from the way the bones were joined together. (P30)
他们(科学家们)是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知这些。
单句语法填空
①I like the way ________ you've done your hair.
②The result all depends on the way ________ is shown in the report.
③And you should keep in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way ________ (improve) your study.
答案：①that/in which ②that/which ③to improve/of improving
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略关系代词。
(3)the/a way to do/of doing sth. 做……的方法/方式
课文回练 升华运用
Daisy is so interested in wildlife that she hopes to help those __1__ (endanger) species of wildlife. One day after she __2__ (wake) up, she found a flying carpet by her bed. Then the carpet took her to Tibet where she saw an antelope __3__ (look) sad which said that they were being killed __4__ the wool by human beings. Later, they flew to Zimbabwe __5__ the elephants used to be hunted without mercy. But now __6__ number of elephants has increased.
__7__ (final) they reached a thick rainforest. There a monkey was protecting __8__ (it) from mosquitoes by rubbing a millipede insect over its body. The monkey suggested that people __9__ (pay) more attention to the rainforest where they live. This is an __10__ (forget) experience for Daisy.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.endangered 2.woke 3.looking 4.for 5.where 6.the 7.Finally 8.itself 9.(should) pay 10.unforgettable
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________(follow)．
答案：was being followed 这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
2．Not ________ (employ) by a wellknown company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no bright future.
答案：being employed 此处在陈述一个一般性的事实，且you和employ之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动式作主语。
3．His house stands on a hill and can be seen from a ________ (distant) of two miles.
答案：distance 由空格前的a可知，此处应填名词，from a distance “从远处”。
4．Parents spare no effort to pave the way for the ________ (succeed) of their children.
答案：success 由空格前的the可知此处应用名词success “成功”。
5．The ________ (end) public appearance is an inevitable part of an election campaign.
答案：endless 修饰名词appearance，所以用形容词。
6．She's the most ________ (power) person in the organization.
答案：powerful 修饰名词person，所以用形容词。
7．After the exam, I felt an incredible sense of ________ (relieve)．
答案：relief 介词of后应跟名词relief “减轻；解除”。
8．Against the strong wind, we had no choice but to be ________ the mercy of the sea.
答案：at at the mercy of ... “受……摆布”。
9．Greek yogurt ________ (contain) much less fat than double cream.
答案：contains contain “包含”，且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。
10．My opinion ________ (affect) by the recent development of the events.
答案：has been affected affect “影响”，为动词，与My opinion之间是被动关系，且本句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．We should take action to prevent the fish in the river from ________ (死掉)．
答案：dying out
2．After everything was done, I breathed ____________ (欣慰地)．
答案：in relief
3．No one knows for sure when the custom ________________________.
没有人确切地知道这种习俗是什么时候出现的。
答案：came into being
4．_______________________________________________________________
写作时，要注意你的拼写。(pay attention to)
答案：When you write a composition, pay attention to your spelling.
5．_______________________________________________________________
你应该学好中文，以便可以更好地与当地人交流。
答案：You should learn Chinese well so that you can communicate well with native speakers.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __1__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __2__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods __3__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive __4__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __5__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __6__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __7__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are __8__ (high) than they actually are. Of __9__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __10__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。
1．that 考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
2．poorly 考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
3．of/for 考查介词。a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。
4．to perform 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5．have reported 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。
6．belief 考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。
7．noting 考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth. “通过做某事回应”。
8．higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
9．the 考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
10．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。
Ⅳ.短文改错
The old saying “The early bird catches the worm” show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results, the most people must plan ahead and work diligently to overcome all kind of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, either. When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me plan everything in advance. She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice onto practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.
There are no short cuts to succeed.
答案：
The old saying “The early bird catches the worm” us the importance of planning, working hard and trying . To achieve outstanding results, most people must plan ahead and work diligently to overcome all of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, . When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams, I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me plan everything in advance. asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.
There are no short cuts to .
难项分析：
第一处：show→shows 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般性情况，应用一般现在时；动名词“The old saying”作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故改为shows。
第五处：either→too 考查副词。either和too都意为“也”。either一般用于否定句句末，too多用于肯定句句末。
第六处：so→because 考查连词。句意：我很少通过考试，因为我准备不充分。根据主从句逻辑关系可知，从句表原因，故改为because。
课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·江苏高考)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species (物种) that are __1__ every day. The whitenaped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to __2__ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their __3__. Emma, a female crane, has been in their __4__ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was __5__ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected __6__， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had __7__ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She __8__ to live with male cranes, and even had a __9__ for killing some of them, which made it __10__ for her to become a mother.
__11__， the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction (灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a __12__ of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This __13__ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be __14__， more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the __15__， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. __16__， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we __17__ the everwidening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the __18__：human beings took it for granted that their __19__ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better __20__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了人类为拯救濒危野生动物白枕鹤所做的努力。
1．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
答案：D 由后文列举的濒临灭绝的野生动物白枕鹤的例子可知，每天都有物种在消失(disappear)，故选D项。
2．A.ban B．save
C．split D．remove
答案：B 由下文提到的Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做的努力可知，科学家们一直在尽最大努力拯救(save)这些物种免于灭绝。save sb./sth. from doing sth. “拯救某人/某物免于做某事”，是固定搭配。ban sb. from doing sth. “禁止某人做某事”。
3．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
答案：C 由第四段中的“artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction”可知，这两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。
4．A.care B．eye
C．mind D．story
答案：A 由下文的叙述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma来到动物园之后一直在照顾她。in one's care＝in the care of sb. “由某人照管”，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的human caretakers也给出了提示。
5．A.found B．chosen
C．raised D．seized
答案：C 由下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，她是由人类饲养(raise)大的。
6．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
答案：B 由后面though引导的让步状语从句的意思“尽管她在那里过得很愉快”可知，“她是由人类饲养大的”这一事实导致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。
7．A.never B．always
C．unluckily D．cheerfully
答案：A 后面提到Emma变得非常依恋人类，由此可知，她从来不(never)把自己看作是一只鹤。
8．A.liked B．refused
C．decided D．hesitated
答案：B 既然Emma从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，那么她会拒绝(refuse)与雄鹤一起生活。
9．A.gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
答案：D Emma非常依恋人类，她从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死一些雄鹤，并因此出了名。have a reputation for “有……的名声”，是固定搭配。
10．A.illegal B．inspiring
C．important D．impossible
答案：D Emma拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，因此她就不可能(impossible)成为母亲。
11．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
答案：C “她不可能成为母亲”与“这两位动物园饲养员不想看到这一珍稀物种灭绝”是语意上的转折关系，故选however (然而)。
12．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
答案：A 人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination (结合，联合)。
13．A.forced B．forbade
C．taught D．enabled
答案：D 这种结合使Emma生了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth. “使某人做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。
14．A.defeated B．grateful
C．assured D．tolerant
答案：C 由but表示的转折含义以及后面提到的“必须付出更多的努力”可知，他们现在还不能确定(assured)。
15．A.list B．rise
C．agenda D．decline
答案：D 他们必须付出更多的努力，因为野生白枕鹤的数量在下降(on the decline)，许多其他物种面临灭绝。
16．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
答案：B 出现这种情况的原因是，毕竟(after all)不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，也有平等的生存权利。
17．A.leave B．bridge
C．open D．identify
答案：B 我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟呢？ bridge the gap “消除隔阂/鸿沟/分歧”，是固定搭配。
18．A.course B．excuse
C．answer D．reward
答案：C Chris和Tim就我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟的问题提供了答案(answer)，因为他们的努力已经有了回报。
19．A.brains B．behaviors
C．services D．projects
答案：A 上文提到不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利，人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)拥有所有的解决方案。
20．A.guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
答案：A 人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导(guide)。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)I've come back to check on a baby. Just after dusk I'm in a car down a muddy road in the rain, past rows of shackled (戴镣的) elephants, their trunks swinging. I was here five hours before, when the sun was high and hot and tourists were on elephants' backs.
Walking now, I can barely see the path in the glow of my phone's flashlight. When the wooden fence post stops me short, I point my light down and follow a current of rainwater across the concrete floor until it washes up against three large, gray feet. A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.
Meena is four years and two months old, still a child as elephants go. Khammon Kongkhaw, her caretaker, told me earlier that Meena wears the spiked chain because she tends to kick. Kongkhaw has been responsible for Meena here at Maetaman Elephant Adventure, near Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand, since she was 11 months old. He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.
I ask Jin Laoshen, the Maetaman worker accompanying me on this nighttime visit, why her chain is still on. He says he doesn't know.
Mactaman is one of many animal attractions in and around touristcrowded Chiang Mai. Meena's life is set to follow the same track as many of the roughly 3,800 captive (被捕获的) elephants in Thailand. When Meena is too old or sick to give rides—maybe at 55, maybe at 75 she'll die. If she's lucky, she'll get a few years of retirement. She'll spend most of her life on a chain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在泰国目睹了大象的悲惨遭遇，呼吁人们关注大象的命运。
1．Why does the author decide to come back?
A．She wants to check baby elephant Meena.
B．She wants to feed those shackled elephants.
C．She wants to release those shackled elephants.
D．She knows a baby is in need of help urgently.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容及第三段首句可知，作者回来检查是因为不放心小象Meena。故选A项。
2．What can we conclude from the second paragraph?
A．The author is scared walking in the path.
B．Meena is treated badly and very painful.
C．Meena only has three healthy legs.
D．One of Meena's leg is badly broken.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.”可知，小象Meena被带刺的铁链拴着，一只脚不能落下。由此可知，小象被虐待，并且很痛苦，故选B项。
3．What's the author's attitude towards those elephants?
A．Indifferent. B．Critical.
C．Sympathetic. D．Negative.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.”并结合全文作者对大象悲惨命运的描写可推知，作者对这些被人类囚禁以营利的动物表示同情。故选C项。
4．We can infer that the purpose of the author's writing is ________.
A．to describe those elephants to attract tourists around the world
B．to appeal to people to care about the fate of those elephants
C．to tell readers the story of a baby elephant in Chiang Mai, Thailand
D．to tell the reason why the number of elephants is decreasing
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者同情这些旅游地为吸引游客而被囚禁的大象的命运。因此可推断出，作者写本文就是为了呼吁人们去关心这些大象的命运，故选B项。
(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65－year－old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching them under incubators (孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，然而，他后来在保护动物领域被授予“诺贝尔奖”，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
5．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
6．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.
A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird
C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。
7．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.
C．The kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It's difficult to protect kestrel.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼。10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋进行人工繁殖的方法效果很好。
8．Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... the tension of the criticism I received ...”“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques ... in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
Ⅲ.短文改错
One cold morning in winter, I went alone to a hillside to did some hunting. I sat there waiting for about a hour. Suddenly, a big beautiful deer was appeared 20 feet away from me. Surely I could shoot him. To my surprise, he comes toward me! I was getting a bit nervous as he walked closer. That happened next was hard to believe. But it all seemed quite naturally. I scratched and touched both of his antler. His nose touched my shoulder. I fed him my last sandwich. Well, he finally went my way, down the hill. I just watched him go, a strong deer carried a proud head. I gave up hunting from that day on.
答案：
One cold morning in winter, I went alone to a hillside to some hunting. I sat there waiting for about hour. Suddenly, a big beautiful deer appeared 20 feet away from me. Surely I could shoot him. To my surprise, he toward me! I was getting a bit nervous as he walked closer. happened next was hard to believe. But it all seemed quite . I scratched and touched both of his . His nose touched my shoulder. I fed him my last sandwich. Well, he finally went way, down the hill. I just watched him go, a strong deer a proud head. I gave up hunting from that day on.
1．did→do 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语。不定式符号后面用动词原形。
2．a→an 考查冠词。hour是以元音音素开头的名词，所以用不定冠词an修饰。
3．去掉was 考查动词的时态和语态。disappear是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
4．comes→came 考查时态。整个文章用的都是过去时态。
5．That→What 考查主语从句的连接词。what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用what。
6．naturally→natural 考查形容词。seem是系动词，其后面用形容词作表语。
7．antler→antlers 考查名词。由前面的both可知，此处应该用复数。
8．him后加with 考查介词。feed sth. to sb.或者feed sb. with sth. “拿某种食物给某人吃”。
9．my→his 考查代词。主语是he，所以此处应该与主语保持一致。
10．carried→carrying 考查非谓语动词。此处指代小鹿高昂着头离开的样子，deer和carry之间是主动关系，所以用动词ing形式。
1．The government is sparing no effort to take measures to protect the wild animals, which is closely related to our living environment.
政府在不遗余力地采取措施保护野生动物。这与我们的生活环境息息相关。
2．Personally, raising people's awareness is above everything in terms of wildlife protection.
我认为，就保护野生动物而言，提高人们的意识是首要问题。
3．Only through this activity did I realize that small things can make a big difference. I will spare no effort to devote myself to the protection of animals.
通过这次活动，我才认识到，事情虽小意义非凡。我会不遗余力投身到动物保护工作。
4．Better living conditions can really be reached on condition that the environment is well protected.
只有保护好环境，才能真正享有更好的生存条件。
自主排查 夯基固本
Ⅰ 核心单词
(1)hunt (vt.& vi.) 打猎；猎取；搜寻→hunter (n.) 猎人→hunting (n.) 狩猎运动；打猎
(2)contain (vt.) 包含；容纳；容忍→container (n.) 容器
(3)affect (vt.) 影响；感动；侵袭→affection (n.) 喜爱；感情→effect (n.) 影响；效果；作用
(4)appreciate (vt.) 鉴赏；感激；意识到→appreciation (n.) 欣赏；感谢
(5)succeed (vi.) 成功 (vt.) 接替；继任→success (n.) 成功→successful (adj.) 成功的→successfully (adv.) 成功地
(6)employ (vt.) 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)→employer (n.) 雇主→employee (n.) 雇员；雇工→employment (n.) 雇用；使用；就业→unemployment (反义词) (n.) 失业；失业人数
(7)harm (n.& vt.) 损害；危害→harmful (adj.) 有害的→harmless (adj.) 无害的
(8)bite (vt.& vi.) 咬；叮；刺痛→bit (过去式)→bitten (过去分词)
(9)inspect (vt.) 检查；视察→inspection (n.) 视察→inspector (n.) 检查员；视察员
Ⅱ 阅读单词
(1)wild (adj.) 野生的；野的；未开发的；荒凉的
(2)decrease (vi.& vt.) 减少；(使)变小或变少
(3)loss (n.) 损失；遗失；丧失
(4)reserve (n.) 保护区
(5)respond (vi.) 回答；响应；做出反应
(6)distant (adj.) 远的；远处的
(7)relief (n.) (痛苦或忧虑的)减轻或解除；减轻痛苦的事物
(8)mercy (n.) 仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
(9)certain (adj.) 确定的；某些；一定会的
(10)powerful (adj.) 强大的；有力的
(11)incident (n.) 事件；事变
[单句语法填空]
1．The painting, Horse Map (《奔马图》), by Xu Beihong looks better at a ________ (distant)．
答案：distance
2．I received a letter ________ (contain) some important information about the project.
答案：containing
3．Sorry, you can't take the seats, because they ________ (reserve) for special guests.
答案：are reserved
4．As is known, Qi Baishi ________ (success) in painting shrimps (虾)．
答案：succeeded
5．To his delight, all his ________ (employ) were working hard.
答案：employees
6．I'd ________ (appreciate) it if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
答案：appreciate
7．Much ________ (affect)by the story, I am determined to be a volunteer worker.
答案：affected
8．By the year 2020, computers will have already become more handy and also ________ (power) than the human brain.
答案：more powerful
9．Smoking is ________ (harm), which not only is bad for your health but also wastes a lot of money.
答案：harmful
10．Lucy was having a holiday with her friend in a national park when she ________ (bite) on the foot by a snake.
答案：was bitten
联想积累
1．派生名词(v.＋ing)
①ending 结局；结尾
②training 训练；培养
③feeling 感觉；感情
④painting 绘画；油画
⑤setting 环境；(小说的)背景
⑥suffering 苦难
⑦lighting 照明设备；灯光
⑧building 建筑物
2．巧记各种“事件”
①incident n. 事件；事变
②accident n. 事故
③traffic accident 交通事故
④event n. 重大事件；比赛项目
⑤sports event 体育赛事
1．die_out 灭亡；逐渐消失
2．in_peace 和平地；和睦地；安详地
3．in_danger_(of) 在危险中；垂危
4．in_relief 如释重负；松了口气
5．burst_into_laughter 突然笑起来；大声笑了出来
6．without_mercy 毫不怜悯地
7．protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)
8．pay attention to 注意
9．do harm to 对……有害
10．come into being 形成；产生
11．according to 按照；根据……所说
12．so that 以至于；结果
[选词填空]
1．From 500 BC onwards, many independent kingdoms ________.
答案：came into being
2．Learning the previous paintings were saved, she breathed ________.
答案：in relief
3．As is reported on TV, many volunteers tried their best to prevent animals and plants from ________.
答案：dying out
4．He majored in design at college ________ he could pass on handcrafted furniture.
答案：so that
5．Hearing the funny story, the students all ________.
答案：burst into laughter
6．He spent much time writing articles, calling on people to protect animals ________.
答案：in danger
联想积累
1．“出现；消失”家族
①die out 灭亡；逐渐消失
②disappear 消失；失踪
③appear 出现
④vanish 消失；突然不见
⑤show up 出现
⑥turn up 出现；发生
2．“关注”词汇一览
①pay attention to 注意
②keep an eye on 密切注视
③focus one's attention on 关注
④concentrate on 关注；集中注意力
⑤keep a close watch on 密切关注
⑥fix one's eyes on 注视
3．“come into＋n.”短语一览
①come into power 开始执政
②come into effect/force 开始生效；开始实行
③come into existence 形成；产生；开始存在
④come into operation 开始运转；实施；生效
⑤come into use 开始使用
⑥come into being 形成；产生
课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
This is what wildlife protection is all about.
这就是关于野生动物保护的所有内容。
what引导表语从句，在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语。
As for English study, I think doing more reading is ____________________. 至于英语学习，我认为多阅读是最让我受益的。
答案：what has benefited me most
直击重点 突破考点
① contain vt. 包含；容纳；容忍；抑制(P26)
单句写作
①In the back pocket, you will find an envelope ________ $800 and an air ticket from Beijing to New York.
在后口袋里，你会发现一个信封，里面装有800美元和一张北京至纽约的机票。
②Helping others gives you an opportunity to change people's lives, ____________________.
帮助别人可以给你机会改变人们的生活，包括改变你自己的生活。
答案：①containing ②including your own
(1)contain oneself 克制自我；控制自己的情绪
(2)container n. 容器；货柜
contain与include这两个词都有“包含”的意思。
contain
“包含”，侧重于整体内有，指在某一范围或整体内容纳某物
include
“包含”，侧重于被包含，只是整体的一部分。including为介词，放在被包含的事物之前；included为形容词，放在被修饰的名词之后
② affect vt. 影响；感动；侵袭(P26)
单句语法填空
①Farmers and market gardeners have been badly affected ________ the drought.
②Lack of sleep can have a big effect ________ your performance at school.
③I was deeply ________ (affect) by the play, Love Can Take Us Everywhere (《有爱走遍天下》), made by ourselves.
答案：①by ②on/upon ③affected
(1)affection n. 喜爱
(2)effect n. 影响；效果
have an effect upon/on 对……有影响
take effect/come into effect 生效/开始实施
③ appreciate vt.欣赏；鉴赏；感激；意识到；理解(P26)
单句语法填空
①I sincerely appreciate your ________ (lend) me the money.
②I would appreciate ________ if you could take my application into account.
③Upon leaving, the couple thanked me warmly again, expressing their ________ (appreciate) for my kind help.
答案：①lending ②it ③appreciation
appreciate (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if ... 如果……我将非常感激
appreciate sb.'s friendship 珍视某人的友谊
appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
④ succeed vi. 成功 vt. 接替；继任(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①They have succeeded in ________ (work) out ground rules with the company.
②I tried to contact him, but without ________ (succeed)．
③They have accomplished their task ________ (success)．
答案：①working ②success ③successfully
(2)单句改错
I wish this year's English speech competition great success.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：great前加a
(1)succeed in doing sth.＝be successful in doing sth. 成功地做某事
(2)success n. [U]成功；成就 [C]成功的人或事物
(3)successful adj. 成功的
successfully adv. 成功地
⑤ employ vt. 雇用；利用(时间、精力等)(P27)
(1)单句语法填空
①She is not yet old enough ________ (employ) in a position of trust.
②The number of people ________ (employ) by the company has risen from 25 to 200 in three years.
③Men and women must be treated equally in education and ________ (employ)．
答案：①to be employed ②employed ③employment
(2)单句改错
The children employed in weeding the garden at this time yesterday.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：employed前加were
(1)employ ... as ... 雇用……当……
be employed in (doing) sth. 从事于某事
employ sb. to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2)out of employment 失业
in employment 有工作；在业
① die out灭亡；逐渐消失(P25)
单句写作
①No one has come up with a convincing explanation of why dinosaurs ________________.
尚未有人能对恐龙的灭绝作出一个令人信服的解释。
②Seeing the cattle ________________ in the snowstorm, he asked the local people for help.
看到那些暴风雪中快死掉的牛，他向当地人寻求帮助。
③The concert in the open air came to an end at midnight and the fire ________________ gradually.
露天音乐会半夜结束了，篝火也逐渐熄灭了。
④People there are ________________ peace as the civil war has lasted for several years.
因为内战已持续多年，所以那儿的人们非常渴望和平。
答案：①died out ②dying off ③died down ④dying for
dying adj. 垂死的；临终的；渴望的
death n. 死；死亡
die away (指风、声、光等)逐渐减弱；渐渐消失
die down 减弱；平息
die from 死于(外因，如：外伤、自然灾害、交通事故等)
die of 死于(内因，如：疾病、饥饿、寒冷、衰老等)
die off 相继死去
be dying for/to do sth. 渴望得到某物/做某事
② protect ... from ... 保护……不受……(危害)(P26)
单句写作
①In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to ____________________ the sun.
在夏天，很多人常戴墨镜以保护眼睛不受阳光的刺激。
②To reduce white pollution, they delivered speeches to ________________ using plastic bags.
为了减少白色污染，他们发表演说阻止人们使用塑料袋。
③The workers can use their own rights accordingly __________________ of the law.
在法律的保护下工人们可以相应地行使自己的权利。
答案：①protect their eyes from ②prevent/stop/keep people from ③under the protection
(1)protect sb./sth. from/against ... 保护某人/某物免受……
(2)under the protection of ... 在……的保护下
(3)prevent/keep/stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
“prevent/stop ... from ...”在主动语态中from可省略，但在被动语态中不能省略。“keep ... from ...”无论是在主动语态还是在被动语态中都不能省略from。
③ pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事(P26)
(1)单句改错
When in class, please pay attention to listen to the teacher carefully.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：listen→listening
(2)单句写作
①The teacher suggested that we should ____________________ details in exams.
老师建议我们考试时尤其要特别注意细节。
②On my way to or from school, an old man playing the erhu ______________.
在我上下学的路上，一位拉二胡的老人引起了我的注意。
答案：①pay special attention to ②attracted/caught/drew my attention
turn one's attention to 把某人的注意力转移到……
draw/catch/attract one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
focus one's attention on 集中注意力于；聚精会神于
give one's attention to 注意
① [教材原句]We're being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. (P26)
为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。
单句语法填空
①Something ________ (do) to save the local wildlife all the time.
②With the development of science, more new technologies ________ (apply) in the field of IT.
③It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines ________ (build) in Wuhan now.
答案：①is being done ②are being applied ③are being built
(1)“am/is/are being＋动词的过去分词”是现在进行时的被动语态，表示正在进行的被动动作。而“was/were being＋过去分词”是过去进行时的被动语态。
(2)现在进行时的被动语态的结构：
肯定式：am/is/are＋being done
否定式：am/is/are＋not＋being done
一般疑问式：Am/Is/Are＋主语＋being done?
② [教材原句]They learned this from the way the bones were joined together. (P30)
他们(科学家们)是根据恐龙骨骼的连接方式得知这些。
单句语法填空
①I like the way ________ you've done your hair.
②The result all depends on the way ________ is shown in the report.
③And you should keep in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way ________ (improve) your study.
答案：①that/in which ②that/which ③to improve/of improving
(1)way表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接in which或that引导的定语从句，也可以将关系词in which或that省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。
(2)way后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，则用关系代词that/which，作宾语时还可以省略关系代词。
(3)the/a way to do/of doing sth. 做……的方法/方式
课文回练 升华运用
Daisy is so interested in wildlife that she hopes to help those __1__ (endanger) species of wildlife. One day after she __2__ (wake) up, she found a flying carpet by her bed. Then the carpet took her to Tibet where she saw an antelope __3__ (look) sad which said that they were being killed __4__ the wool by human beings. Later, they flew to Zimbabwe __5__ the elephants used to be hunted without mercy. But now __6__ number of elephants has increased.
__7__ (final) they reached a thick rainforest. There a monkey was protecting __8__ (it) from mosquitoes by rubbing a millipede insect over its body. The monkey suggested that people __9__ (pay) more attention to the rainforest where they live. This is an __10__ (forget) experience for Daisy.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
答案：1.endangered 2.woke 3.looking 4.for 5.where 6.the 7.Finally 8.itself 9.(should) pay 10.unforgettable
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2017·江苏高考)He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________(follow)．
答案：was being followed 这里if引导的宾语从句用过去进行时表示过去某一时刻(hurried home)正在进行的动作。又因he与follow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
2．Not ________ (employ) by a wellknown company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no bright future.
答案：being employed 此处在陈述一个一般性的事实，且you和employ之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动式作主语。
3．His house stands on a hill and can be seen from a ________ (distant) of two miles.
答案：distance 由空格前的a可知，此处应填名词，from a distance “从远处”。
4．Parents spare no effort to pave the way for the ________ (succeed) of their children.
答案：success 由空格前的the可知此处应用名词success “成功”。
5．The ________ (end) public appearance is an inevitable part of an election campaign.
答案：endless 修饰名词appearance，所以用形容词。
6．She's the most ________ (power) person in the organization.
答案：powerful 修饰名词person，所以用形容词。
7．After the exam, I felt an incredible sense of ________ (relieve)．
答案：relief 介词of后应跟名词relief “减轻；解除”。
8．Against the strong wind, we had no choice but to be ________ the mercy of the sea.
答案：at at the mercy of ... “受……摆布”。
9．Greek yogurt ________ (contain) much less fat than double cream.
答案：contains contain “包含”，且描述一般事实，应用一般现在时。
10．My opinion ________ (affect) by the recent development of the events.
答案：has been affected affect “影响”，为动词，与My opinion之间是被动关系，且本句描述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．We should take action to prevent the fish in the river from ________ (死掉)．
答案：dying out
2．After everything was done, I breathed ____________ (欣慰地)．
答案：in relief
3．No one knows for sure when the custom ________________________.
没有人确切地知道这种习俗是什么时候出现的。
答案：came into being
4．_______________________________________________________________
写作时，要注意你的拼写。(pay attention to)
答案：When you write a composition, pay attention to your spelling.
5．_______________________________________________________________
你应该学好中文，以便可以更好地与当地人交流。
答案：You should learn Chinese well so that you can communicate well with native speakers.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°， there is evidence __1__ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been __2__ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,00025,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods __3__ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s, and are expensive __4__ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut __5__ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a __6__ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by __7__ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating (聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion (错觉) that populations are __8__ (high) than they actually are. Of __9__ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six __10__ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。
1．that 考查同位语从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。
2．poorly 考查词性转换。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。
3．of/for 考查介词。a method of/for doing sth. “做某事的方法”。
4．to perform 考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
5．have reported 考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“in recent years”可判断用现在完成时。
6．belief 考查词性转换。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief。
7．noting 考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth. “通过做某事回应”。
8．higher 考查形容词的比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。
9．the 考查冠词。此处特指确认的19个亚种群，故用定冠词the。
10．are 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。
Ⅳ.短文改错
The old saying “The early bird catches the worm” show us the importance of planning, working hard and trying constant. To achieve outstanding results, the most people must plan ahead and work diligently to overcome all kind of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, either. When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams, so I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me plan everything in advance. She asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice onto practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.
There are no short cuts to succeed.
答案：
The old saying “The early bird catches the worm” us the importance of planning, working hard and trying . To achieve outstanding results, most people must plan ahead and work diligently to overcome all of difficulties.
That has been my own experience, . When I first started high school, I seldom passed my exams, I never prepared well. Later, my teacher, Mr Black, advised me plan everything in advance. asked me to study hard as well. After a year of putting his advice practice, I can now easily pass all my exams.
There are no short cuts to .
难项分析：
第一处：show→shows 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般性情况，应用一般现在时；动名词“The old saying”作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故改为shows。
第五处：either→too 考查副词。either和too都意为“也”。either一般用于否定句句末，too多用于肯定句句末。
第六处：so→because 考查连词。句意：我很少通过考试，因为我准备不充分。根据主从句逻辑关系可知，从句表原因，故改为because。
课时作业
Ⅰ.完形填空
(2019·江苏高考)Wildlife has been greatly threatened in the modern age. There are species (物种) that are __1__ every day. The whitenaped crane is a typical example. So scientists are trying their best to __2__ the species from going out of existence.
Chris and Tim work at a zoo, helping endangered cranes with their __3__. Emma, a female crane, has been in their __4__ since she arrived in 2004.
Born at an international crane foundation, Emma was __5__ by human caretakers. This led to an unexpected __6__， though she had a wonderful time there. Emma had __7__ taken herself as a crane and become deeply attached to humans. She __8__ to live with male cranes, and even had a __9__ for killing some of them, which made it __10__ for her to become a mother.
__11__， the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction (灭绝) of this precious species. With their patience and efforts, they successfully developed a __12__ of artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction. This __13__ Emma to give birth to five baby cranes.
The two keepers are proud of their productive work. But before they can be __14__， more efforts must be made, because the population of the crane in the wild is on the __15__， and many other species appear headed toward extinction. __16__， not everyone has realized that wildlife has thoughts, feelings, and most importantly, equal rights to survive.
How can we __17__ the everwidening gap that separates us from other animals? Chris and Tim offered us the __18__：human beings took it for granted that their __19__ held all the solutions, but maybe their hearts can be a better __20__.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了人类为拯救濒危野生动物白枕鹤所做的努力。
1．A.growing B．migrating
C．competing D．disappearing
答案：D 由后文列举的濒临灭绝的野生动物白枕鹤的例子可知，每天都有物种在消失(disappear)，故选D项。
2．A.ban B．save
C．split D．remove
答案：B 由下文提到的Chris和Tim为拯救白枕鹤所做的努力可知，科学家们一直在尽最大努力拯救(save)这些物种免于灭绝。save sb./sth. from doing sth. “拯救某人/某物免于做某事”，是固定搭配。ban sb. from doing sth. “禁止某人做某事”。
3．A.abortion B．recreation
C．reproduction D．administration
答案：C 由第四段中的“artificial breeding (人工繁殖) and natural reproduction”可知，这两位饲养员帮助濒危的白枕鹤繁殖(reproduction)。
4．A.care B．eye
C．mind D．story
答案：A 由下文的叙述可知，Chris和Tim在Emma来到动物园之后一直在照顾她。in one's care＝in the care of sb. “由某人照管”，是固定搭配。另外，下文中的human caretakers也给出了提示。
5．A.found B．chosen
C．raised D．seized
答案：C 由下文中的“become deeply attached to humans”可知，她是由人类饲养(raise)大的。
6．A.bonus B．consequence
C．victory D．sacrifice
答案：B 由后面though引导的让步状语从句的意思“尽管她在那里过得很愉快”可知，“她是由人类饲养大的”这一事实导致了意想不到的后果(consequence)。
7．A.never B．always
C．unluckily D．cheerfully
答案：A 后面提到Emma变得非常依恋人类，由此可知，她从来不(never)把自己看作是一只鹤。
8．A.liked B．refused
C．decided D．hesitated
答案：B 既然Emma从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，那么她会拒绝(refuse)与雄鹤一起生活。
9．A.gift B．skill
C．concern D．reputation
答案：D Emma非常依恋人类，她从来不把自己看作是一只鹤，拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，甚至会杀死一些雄鹤，并因此出了名。have a reputation for “有……的名声”，是固定搭配。
10．A.illegal B．inspiring
C．important D．impossible
答案：D Emma拒绝与雄鹤一起生活，因此她就不可能(impossible)成为母亲。
11．A.Therefore B．Moreover
C．However D．Instead
答案：C “她不可能成为母亲”与“这两位动物园饲养员不想看到这一珍稀物种灭绝”是语意上的转折关系，故选however (然而)。
12．A.combination B．collection
C．strategy D．system
答案：A 人工繁殖和自然繁殖是两种繁殖方式，此处指动物园饲养员把这两种方式成功地结合起来了，故选combination (结合，联合)。
13．A.forced B．forbade
C．taught D．enabled
答案：D 这种结合使Emma生了五只幼鹤。enable sb. to do sth. “使某人做某事”，是固定搭配，且符合此处的语境。
14．A.defeated B．grateful
C．assured D．tolerant
答案：C 由but表示的转折含义以及后面提到的“必须付出更多的努力”可知，他们现在还不能确定(assured)。
15．A.list B．rise
C．agenda D．decline
答案：D 他们必须付出更多的努力，因为野生白枕鹤的数量在下降(on the decline)，许多其他物种面临灭绝。
16．A.In contrast B．After all
C．By the way D．On the contrary
答案：B 出现这种情况的原因是，毕竟(after all)不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，也有平等的生存权利。
17．A.leave B．bridge
C．open D．identify
答案：B 我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟呢？ bridge the gap “消除隔阂/鸿沟/分歧”，是固定搭配。
18．A.course B．excuse
C．answer D．reward
答案：C Chris和Tim就我们怎样才能弥合我们与其他动物之间日益扩大的鸿沟的问题提供了答案(answer)，因为他们的努力已经有了回报。
19．A.brains B．behaviors
C．services D．projects
答案：A 上文提到不是每个人都意识到野生动物有思想、有感情，最重要的是，还有平等的生存权利，人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑(brain)拥有所有的解决方案。
20．A.guide B．treat
C．example D．companion
答案：A 人类理所当然地认为他们的大脑拥有所有的解决方案，但也许他们的心可以成为一个更好的向导(guide)。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)I've come back to check on a baby. Just after dusk I'm in a car down a muddy road in the rain, past rows of shackled (戴镣的) elephants, their trunks swinging. I was here five hours before, when the sun was high and hot and tourists were on elephants' backs.
Walking now, I can barely see the path in the glow of my phone's flashlight. When the wooden fence post stops me short, I point my light down and follow a current of rainwater across the concrete floor until it washes up against three large, gray feet. A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.
Meena is four years and two months old, still a child as elephants go. Khammon Kongkhaw, her caretaker, told me earlier that Meena wears the spiked chain because she tends to kick. Kongkhaw has been responsible for Meena here at Maetaman Elephant Adventure, near Chiang Mai, in northern Thailand, since she was 11 months old. He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.
I ask Jin Laoshen, the Maetaman worker accompanying me on this nighttime visit, why her chain is still on. He says he doesn't know.
Mactaman is one of many animal attractions in and around touristcrowded Chiang Mai. Meena's life is set to follow the same track as many of the roughly 3,800 captive (被捕获的) elephants in Thailand. When Meena is too old or sick to give rides—maybe at 55, maybe at 75 she'll die. If she's lucky, she'll get a few years of retirement. She'll spend most of her life on a chain.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在泰国目睹了大象的悲惨遭遇，呼吁人们关注大象的命运。
1．Why does the author decide to come back?
A．She wants to check baby elephant Meena.
B．She wants to feed those shackled elephants.
C．She wants to release those shackled elephants.
D．She knows a baby is in need of help urgently.
答案：A 细节理解题。根据第一、二段内容及第三段首句可知，作者回来检查是因为不放心小象Meena。故选A项。
2．What can we conclude from the second paragraph?
A．The author is scared walking in the path.
B．Meena is treated badly and very painful.
C．Meena only has three healthy legs.
D．One of Meena's leg is badly broken.
答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“A fourth foot twisted above the surface, tied tightly by a short chain and choked by ring of metal spikes (尖刺). When the elephant tires and puts her foot down, the spikes press deeper into her ankle.”可知，小象Meena被带刺的铁链拴着，一只脚不能落下。由此可知，小象被虐待，并且很痛苦，故选B项。
3．What's the author's attitude towards those elephants?
A．Indifferent. B．Critical.
C．Sympathetic. D．Negative.
答案：C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“He said he keeps her on the spiked chain only during the day and takes it off at night. But it's night now.”并结合全文作者对大象悲惨命运的描写可推知，作者对这些被人类囚禁以营利的动物表示同情。故选C项。
4．We can infer that the purpose of the author's writing is ________.
A．to describe those elephants to attract tourists around the world
B．to appeal to people to care about the fate of those elephants
C．to tell readers the story of a baby elephant in Chiang Mai, Thailand
D．to tell the reason why the number of elephants is decreasing
答案：B 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，作者同情这些旅游地为吸引游客而被囚禁的大象的命运。因此可推断出，作者写本文就是为了呼吁人们去关心这些大象的命运，故选B项。
(2020·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测)A biologist once criticized for stealing eggs from the nests of the rarest bird in the world has been awarded the “Nobel Prize” of conservation after his methods saved nine species from extinction.
Professor Carl Jones won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize—the highest accolade in the field of animal conservation—for his 40 years of work in Mauritius, where he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk.
When the 65－year－old first travelled to the east African island in the 1970s, he was told to close down a project to save the Mauritius kestrel. At the time there were just four left in the wild, making it the rarest bird on Earth. However, he stayed, using the techniques of captive breeding (人工繁殖), which involved snatching eggs from the birds' nests and hatching them under incubators (孵化器), prompting the mothers to lay another set of eggs in the wild.
A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild. The biologist has also made an effort to bring other rare species back from the edge of extinction, including the pink pigeon, echo parakeet and Rodrigues warbler.
Prof Jones was awarded the $250,000 prize at a ceremony in London.
“As a young man in my 20s, I certainly didn't enjoy the stress and the tension of the criticism I received.” Reflecting on the start of his career, he said the Mauritius kestrel project had been seen as a “dead loss” at the time. In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques, with critics arguing that they were too risky and took the emphasis off breeding in the wild.
Prof Jones has devoted his whole life to his work, only becoming a father for the first time at 53. He said receiving the prize was particularly important to him, because it proved that his work to save birds was right.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。卡尔·琼斯教授曾因偷稀缺鸟类的蛋而被指责，然而，他后来在保护动物领域被授予“诺贝尔奖”，他用自己的方法挽救了九种濒危物种。
5．What does the underlined word “accolade” mean in Paragraph 2?
A．Return. B．Level.
C．Honor. D．Research.
答案：C 词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“won the 2016 Indianapolis Prize”并结合语境可推知，画线词意为“荣誉”。
6．According to the passage, Great Auk is ________.
A．an endangered bird B．an extinct bird
C．a popular bird D．a fierce bird
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“he saved an endangered kestrel (红隼) from becoming the next Great Auk”可推知，Great Auk是一种已灭绝的鸟。
7．What can we know from the figures in Paragraph 4?
A．Taking eggs from the nests has worked well.
B．The wild environment for kestrels has changed a lot.
C．The kestrel has adapted to the life in the wild.
D．It's difficult to protect kestrel.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段第一句“A decade later, the number of Mauritius kestrels had soared to over 300 and today there are around 400 in the wild.”可知，当时野生毛里求斯红隼只剩4只，琼斯教授采用人工繁殖的方法来救助毛里求斯红隼。10年后，毛里求斯红隼的数量飙升到300多只，如今野生红隼约有400只。由此可推知，从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋进行人工繁殖的方法效果很好。
8．Prof Jones' idea of taking eggs from the birds' nests ________.
A．was proved of no use
B．was widely accepted
C．was promoted officially
D．was criticized by some people
答案：D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“... the tension of the criticism I received ...”“dead loss” “In the 1970s there was fierce opposition to the captive breeding techniques ... in the wild.”可知，琼斯教授从鸟巢中拿出鸟蛋来进行人工繁殖的方法受到了一些人的批评。
Ⅲ.短文改错
One cold morning in winter, I went alone to a hillside to did some hunting. I sat there waiting for about a hour. Suddenly, a big beautiful deer was appeared 20 feet away from me. Surely I could shoot him. To my surprise, he comes toward me! I was getting a bit nervous as he walked closer. That happened next was hard to believe. But it all seemed quite naturally. I scratched and touched both of his antler. His nose touched my shoulder. I fed him my last sandwich. Well, he finally went my way, down the hill. I just watched him go, a strong deer carried a proud head. I gave up hunting from that day on.
答案：
One cold morning in winter, I went alone to a hillside to some hunting. I sat there waiting for about hour. Suddenly, a big beautiful deer appeared 20 feet away from me. Surely I could shoot him. To my surprise, he toward me! I was getting a bit nervous as he walked closer. happened next was hard to believe. But it all seemed quite . I scratched and touched both of his . His nose touched my shoulder. I fed him my last sandwich. Well, he finally went way, down the hill. I just watched him go, a strong deer a proud head. I gave up hunting from that day on.
1．did→do 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式作目的状语。不定式符号后面用动词原形。
2．a→an 考查冠词。hour是以元音音素开头的名词，所以用不定冠词an修饰。
3．去掉was 考查动词的时态和语态。disappear是不及物动词，不用被动语态。
4．comes→came 考查时态。整个文章用的都是过去时态。
5．That→What 考查主语从句的连接词。what引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，所以用what。
6．naturally→natural 考查形容词。seem是系动词，其后面用形容词作表语。
7．antler→antlers 考查名词。由前面的both可知，此处应该用复数。
8．him后加with 考查介词。feed sth. to sb.或者feed sb. with sth. “拿某种食物给某人吃”。
9．my→his 考查代词。主语是he，所以此处应该与主语保持一致。
10．carried→carrying 考查非谓语动词。此处指代小鹿高昂着头离开的样子，deer和carry之间是主动关系，所以用动词ing形式。
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