2021高三全国统考英语（话题版）一轮学案：第1编话题七Book5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom





1．In the days that followed, we paid a visit to some famous scenic spots such as Big Ben and London Eye.
在接下来的几天里，我们游览了诸如大本钟和伦敦眼等著名景点。
2．During the summer holiday, we paid a visit to the Military Museum, where we really broadened our horizons.
暑假期间，我们参观了军事博物馆，在那里我们的确开阔了眼界。
3．Various kinds of activities with the theme “England Customs” were organized in our school during the Social Practice Week before May Day holiday.
劳动节之前的社会实践周期间，我们学校组织了主题为“英国风俗”的各种活动。
4．My lecture, titled “England Tea Culture”， will cover the varieties of famous teas in England as well as the original places where different teas are produced.
我的讲座，以“英国茶文化”为标题，包含英国名茶的种类以及不同茶叶的原产地。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　　核心单词
(1)unite (vi.& vt.) 联合；团结→united (adj.) 团结的；联合的→union (n.) 联合；联盟；结合；协会
(2)consist (vi) 组成；在于；一致→consistent (adj.) 一致的
(3)convenience (n.) 便利；方便→convenient (adj.) 方便的
(4)attract (vt.) 吸引；引起注意→attraction (n.) 吸引力；吸引→attractive (adj.) 有吸引力的
(5)description (n.) 描写；描述→describe (vt.) 描述；形容；描绘
(6)plus (prep.) 加上；和 (adj.) 加的；正的；零上的
(7)arrange (vt.) 筹备；安排；整理→arrangement (n.) 布置；整理
(8)fold (vt.) 折叠；对折→unfold (vt.) 打开；展开；拆开
(9)delight (n.) 快乐；高兴；喜悦 (vt.) 使高兴；使欣喜→delighted (adj.) 高兴的；快乐的→delightful (adj.) 令人高兴的
Ⅱ　　阅读单词
(1)clarify (vt.) 澄清；阐明
(2)accomplish (vt.) 完成；达到；实现
(3)conflict (n.) 矛盾；冲突
(4)unwilling (adj.) 不愿意(的)；不乐意(的)
(5)rough (adj.) 粗糙的；粗暴的
(6)enjoyable (adj.) 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
(7)possibility (n.) 可能(性)
(8)quarrel (n.) 争吵；争论；吵架 (vi.) 争吵；吵架
(9)alike (adj.) 相同的；类似的
(10)thrill (vt.) 使激动；使胆战心惊
　[单句语法填空]
1．Several firms were ________ (unite) to form one company.
答案：united
2．Professor Li was very ________ (delight) with the results.
答案：delighted
3．What time would it be ________ (convenience) for you to come over, experiencing Chinese tea culture?
答案：convenient
4．Historical buildings are both ________ (attract) and important to the majority of people.
答案：attractive
5．Since everything ________ (arrange) well, the party will begin at 8 o'clock as planned.
答案：has been arranged
6．The results are ________ (consist) with the earlier research.
答案：consistent
7．It is thought that the scenery of the West Lake's beauty is beyond ________ (describe)．
答案：description
8．Another ________ (possible) is that we will go to Mexico instead.
答案：possibility
9．Thank you for writing and allowing me ________ (clarify) the present situation.
答案：to clarify
10．He likes collecting stamps and now he has a large ________ (collect) of various stamps.
答案：collection
联想积累
1．仅“一字之差”的单词
①statue 雕像→status 身份；地位
②affect 影响→effect 影响；效果
③adapt 适应→adopt 收养
④sweat 汗水→sweet 甜的
⑤content 内容→context 上下文，语境
⑥march 前进→match 比赛
⑦expand 扩张→expend 花费
⑧threat 威胁→treat 对待；治疗
2．“高兴”家族速览
①delight n. 快乐；高兴 vt. 使高兴；使欣喜
delighted adj. 高兴的 delightful adj. 令人高兴的
②happy adj. 愉快的；高兴的 happiness n. 快乐；幸福
③joy n. 欢乐；高兴 joyful adj. 快乐的；高兴的
④glad adj. 高兴的；欢喜的
⑤please v. (使……)高兴 pleased adj. 高兴的；满意的 pleasure n. 高兴；满意
⑥merry adj. 欢乐的；愉快的 merrily adv. 快乐地
3．前缀a­高频表语形容词集锦
①alike 相同的；类似的　　　②asleep 睡着的
③alive 活着的 ④awake 醒着的
⑤afraid 害怕的 ⑥ashamed 羞愧的

1．consist_of　　由……组成
2．divide ... into ... 把……分成
3．break_away_(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to_one's_credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；
在……名下
5．leave_out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take the place of 代替
7．break down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．in memory of 为纪念……；作为对……的纪念
9．fall asleep 入睡
　[选词填空]
leave out, break down, consist of, divide ... into ..., break away from, take the
place of
1.Computers have ________ human beings in many fields so far.
答案：taken the place of
2．This word is wrongly spelt. You have ________ a letter.
答案：left out
3．The TV ________ again, which made him very unhappy.
答案：broke down
4．They ________ the national union and set up their own organization.
答案：broke away from
5．The buffet ________ several different Indian dishes.
答案：consisted of
6．The mother ________ the food ________ four equal shares.
答案：divided; into
联想积累
1．“动词＋away”必备短语一览
①blow away 吹走 ②break away 脱离
③carry away 拿走
④die away 逐渐消失；减弱
⑤give away 背弃；赠送
⑥put away 收起来；存起来
⑦wash away 冲走 ⑧take away 拿走
⑨throw away 扔掉 ⑩turn away 把……拒之门外
2．“to one's ＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①to one's credit 值得赞扬；在……名下
②to one's astonishment/surprise 令某人惊奇的是
③to one's disappointment 令某人失望的是
④to one's regret 使某人感到遗憾的是
⑤to one's shame 使某人感到惭愧的是
⑥to one's joy/delight 令某人高兴的是
3．“代替”的表达法种种
①take the place of 代替
②take one's place 代替某人
③replace sb./sth. 取代某人/某物
④in place of 代替

课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.
如今当有人提起英格兰，你就会发现威尔士也是包括在内的。
“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”复合结构，可以作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。
I hope you will ____________________， and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you.
希望这些建议对你有用。我乐于与你讨论这件事。
2.Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了一张清单。
过去分词可以在句中作状语或定语，句子的主语与过去分词之间常常构成被动关系。
You can also find a magazine ________________________ and two letters from America in the front pocket of the suitcase.
在手提箱的前袋里，你还会发现一本名为《旅游中国》的杂志和两封来自美国的书信。
答案：1.find these proposals useful　2.called Travel in China
直击重点 突破考点

①　convenience　n. 便利；方便(P10)

(1)单句语法填空
Cars have become a popular means of transport, bringing great ________ (convenient) to our life.
答案：convenience
(2)单句写作
①We hope that you will accept our invitation if ______________________.
如果方便的话，我们希望你能接受我们的邀请。
②In a word, wild release makes it ________________________ whatever books we like.
总之，自由分享可以让我们更方便地选择我们喜欢的任何书籍。
③These meals can be prepared in advance, and served __________________.
这些饭菜可以预先准备好，在你方便时端上来吃。
答案：①it is convenient for you　②more convenient for us to choose　③at your convenience

(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候
for the convenience of ... 为了方便……
convenience food/store 便利食品/便利店
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；便利的
if it is convenient (for you) 如果(你)方便的话
It is convenient for sb. to do sth. 某人方便做某事
(3)inconvenience n. 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的

convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语。“当你方便的时候”应翻译成when it is convenient for you而不是when you are convenient。

②　arrange　vt. 筹备；安排；整理(P13)

(1)单句语法填空
①Whatever she says will not make any difference to our ________ (arrange)．
②As previously ________ (arrange), Dr John is invited to deliver a speech in August.
答案：①arrangements　②arranged
(2)单句改错
①The company will arrange a taxi to pick you up at the airport.
_______________________________________________________________
②Have you arranged visit the art exhibition next week?
_______________________________________________________________
答案：①arrange后加for　②arranged后加to

(1)arrange sth. 整理/安排/筹划某事
arrange sth. for sth. 谱写，改编
arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
arrange for sb./sth. to do sth. 安排某人/准备某物做某事
arrange that ... 商定……；安排……
(2)arrangement n. 安排；筹备
make arrangements for ... 为……做安排

③　delight　n. 快乐；高兴；喜悦　vt. 使高兴；使欣喜(P14)

(1)单句语法填空
①I am delighted ________ (come) to New York at the beginning of the New Year and meet you all, friends both old and new.
②I cannot tell you how ________ (delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
答案：①to come　②delighted
(2)单句写作
①______________， I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式。
②He __________________ that his son had been admitted to Peking University.
听说他的儿子被北京大学录取了，他很高兴。
答案：①To my delight　②was delighted to hear

(1)to one's delight 令某人高兴的是
令某人非常高兴的是
take delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地
(2)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的
be delighted to do sth. 很高兴做某事
be delighted with 对……感到满意
be delighted at/by 因……感到高兴
(3)delightful adj. 使人高兴的；令人愉快的

①　consist of　由……组成(P9)

(1)单句语法填空
If what you say is not ________ (consist) with what you do, it will have a bad effect on your children.
答案：consistent
(2)单句写作
①Life ____________ not only sunshine but also hard times.
生活中不仅有阳光，还有艰难的时刻。
②The true wealth does not ________________ what we have, but in what we are.
真正的财富不在于我们拥有什么，而在于我们自身的价值。
答案：①consists of　②consist in/lie in

(1)consist of＝be made up of 由……组成；由……构成
consist in ＝lie in 存在于；在于
(2)consistent adj. 相容的；一致的
be consistent with 和……一致/相符

consist of一般不用于被动语态和进行时，其同义短语有：be made up of, be composed of。

②　take the place of 代替(P12)

单句写作
①Computers __________________ typewriters in most offices.
在大多数办公室里，电脑已经取代了打字机。
②As scheduled, the meeting will ____________ at 2：00 pm, where I will deliver a speech, ________________ president of Student Union.
按照计划，会议下午两点举行，会上我将代替学生会主席发言。
③Before you leave the office, everything should be put ________.
在离开办公室之前，应把所有物品摆放好。
答案：①have taken the place of　②take place; taking the place of　③in place

(1)take place 发生；举行(不及物动词短语，无被动语态)
take sb.'s/sth.'s place＝take the place of sb./sth. 代替
take your place(s) 就位，入座
(2)in place of 代替
in place 在适当的位置；准备就绪
out of place 未在适当的位置；不适当地，不得体

③　break down (机器)损坏；破坏；(计划、希望、谈判等)失败；身体垮掉；分解(P13)

写出下列句子中break down的含义
①The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth floor.________
②The car broke down on the way to the airport.________
③The old man's health broke down after a serious illness.________
④His plan broke down when it was put into practice.________
⑤Plastic bags are difficult to break down.________
答案：①出故障　②抛锚　③(身体)垮掉　④失败　⑤分解

break out (战争、火灾等)突然爆发
break away from 脱离；摆脱
break into 闯入；破门而入
break in 打断谈话；插嘴
break up 拆散；解体；结束；解散
break through 突破；作出新的重大发现；战胜

break down


①　[教材原句]Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well.(P10)
如今当人们提起英格兰时，你就会发现威尔士也被包括在内。

单句语法填空
①－What do you think of the teaching profession, Bob?
—I find it fun and ________(challenge). It is a job where you are doing something serious but interesting.
②Mrs Smith finds it hard ________(clear) up the mess, as her children are always in the way whenever she tries to.
③When she came to life, she found herself ________(surround) by many people.
④My brother told me that he found the girl ________(wait) for me at the gate, but when I went there I found her ________(go)．
答案：①challenging　②to clear　③surrounded　④waiting; gone

“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构意为“发现……处于……状态”。在此结构中，宾语补足语可用以下形式：
find＋宾＋
当不定式作find的宾语时，通常用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语则放在宾补之后。

②　[教材原句]It looked splendid when first built! (P14)
刚建成时，它(圣保罗大教堂)看起来真是金碧辉煌！

(1)单句语法填空
When ________ (ask) where she was from, the little girl was only crying, saying nothing.
答案：asked
(2)单句写作
①Be careful when ________ the street.
过马路时要当心。
②____________， the regulations must be carried out.
一旦制定，这些规章制度就必须被执行。
③______________， I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果有可能的话，这周末我去看我的祖父母。
答案：①(you are) crossing　②Once made　③If (it is) possible

(1)当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it，且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时，这时可把从句的主语(或it)连同谓语动词be省略掉，省略后的部分为“when＋分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”。
(2)当连词(短语)while, once, as, as if, when, unless, until, even if, though, if等引导状语从句时，往往使用省略结构。

③　[教材原句]It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. (P14)
这似乎令人不可思议：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。

(1)单句语法填空
It seemed strange that the fridge we had bought a week before should ________ (break) down.
答案：have broken
(2)单句改错
It is a great pity the famous singer should take drugs.
_______________________________________________________________
答案：pity后加that

在“It＋系动词＋形容词/名词短语(strange, necessary, vital, natural, important, a pity, a shame等)＋that ...”句型里，that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气，形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。强调过去的情况时可用“should have done”形式。
课文回练 升华运用
The United Kingdom __1__ (consist) of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. England is the largest and for __2__ (convenient) it is divided roughly into three zones. London is the centre of national government and its administration, with its fine museums, art collections __3__ the oldest port.
Why did only Northern Ireland join England? In the early twentieth century the English government tried to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland __4__ (connect) without conflict.
However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away __5__ (form) its own government. To their credit, the countries do work together in the currency, international relations and so on, but they still have very different __6__ (institution)．
It is __7__ pity that in England the __8__ (industry) cities do not attract visitors. People can go to the older but smaller towns __9__ (build) by the Romans for historical architecture and to the countryside __10__ great scenery as well.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
答案：1.consists　2.convenience　3.and　4.connected　5.to form　6.institutions　7.a　8.industrial　9.built　10.for
基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I have had my bike ________ (repair), and I'm going to have somebody repair my radio tomorrow.
答案：repaired　my bike和repair之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
2．I'd appreciate it if you could reply to my letter ________ your earliest convenience.
答案：at　at your earliest convenience 为固定短语，意为“尽快”。
3．We were ________ (delight) that we were successful in our experiment.
答案：delighted　delighted “高兴的；快乐的”，常用于修饰人，表示人的心理活动。
4．It is necessary that the problem ________ (discuss) at once.
答案：(should) be discussed　It is necessary that sth./sb. (should) do sth. 为固定句型，本句中，the problem和discuss之间存在被动关系，故用被动语态。
5．We arranged ________ a car to collect you from the airport.
答案：for　arrange for sth. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“安排某物做某事”。
6．Even if ________ (invite) to, I won't go to such a bad lecture.
答案：invited　所填词为状语从句的省略形式，补充完整为：Even if (I am) invited to ... 。
7．It is wise to have some money ________ (put) away for old age.
答案：put　句中，some money和put away之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。
8．When would it be ________ (convenience) for you to start work?
答案：convenient　It is convenient for sb. to do sth. “对某人来说做某事是方便的”。
9．Success consists ________ the ability to continue efforts through failures.
答案：in　句意：成功在于历经失败却持续努力的能力。consist in “在于”。
10．This job doesn't pay well, but it'll ________ (rough) cover your daily expenses.
答案：roughly　roughly “粗略地”，在此处修饰动词cover，应用副词。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．I ________________ (发现很有趣) to watch the kites of different colors dancing high in the sky.
答案：find it interesting
2．________________ (被吸引) its natural beauty, we couldn't help taking lots of pictures.
答案：Attracted by
3．Upon arrival, we ________________ two groups.
到达后，我们被分成两个小组。
答案：were divided into
4．_______________________________________________________________
污染的空气和水对所有生物都有害。(过去分词作定语)
答案：Polluted air and water are harmful to all of the living things.
5．_______________________________________________________________
端午节是在农历的五月初五，为了纪念屈原。
答案：The Dragon Boat Festival falls on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, in memory of Qu Yuan.
Ⅲ.语法填空
In Britain someone who helps children cross the street __1__ (call) “lollipop person”， because their sign looks like a lollipop (棒棒糖)．
The job of a lollipop person is to walk to the middle of the road at a(n) __2__ (suit) time, holding up the sign. It is a legal __3__ (require) for traffic to stop at this command. The lollipop person will signal that it is all right to cross the road __4__ (safe). Traffic may only move once the sign has been lowered.
Generally speaking, school crossings are manned for approximately 3 hours a day or less. As a result, the work has always appealed more __5__ people seeking to supplement their income such as __6__ retired.
Lollipop people were introduced to enable policemen, __7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻), to perform other duties. The earliest lollipops were red and black rectangles __8__ (say) “Stop, children crossing.”
In 2001 in Europe patrollers were given extra powers allowing them __9__ (assist) adults with crossing, too. The most recent change in the history of the School Crossing Patrol saw the word “children” __10__ (replace) with a symbol to bring the UK in line with the rest of the EU (欧盟)．
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________

1．is called　考查动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时；call意为“把……叫作”，主语someone与call之间存在被动关系，应用被动语态；因主语someone是单数概念，所以谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is called。
2．suitable　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合适的时间”，应用形容词作定语修饰名词time。故填suitable。
3．requirement　考查词性转换。此处表示“一个合法的要求”。形容词legal用来修饰名词，其前有冠词a，故用require的名词形式requirement。
4．safely　考查词性转换。此处表示“安全地过马路”，应用副词修饰动词短语cross the road，故用safe的副词形式safely。
5．to　考查介词。appeal to意为“吸引”，为固定短语。故填to。
6．the　考查冠词。“the＋形容词”表示一类人。the retired意为“退休的人”，符合语境。故填the。
7．who　考查定语从句的引导词。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句“__7__ had previously run crossing patrols (巡逻)”中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导从句。
8．saying　考查非谓语动词。空格处作后置定语，“red and black rectangles”与say之间为主动关系，意为“写着”。故填say的现在分词形式saying。
9．to assist　考查固定结构。allow sb. to do sth. 意为“允许某人做某事”，是固定结构。故填to assist。
10．replaced　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“看见单词‘children’被一个符号代替”，saw的宾语the word与replace之间为被动关系，故用replace的过去分词形式，作saw的宾语补足语。故填replaced。
Ⅳ.短文改错
Dear Laura,
Thanks for letting us to stay at your seaside house. Now, you might have heard from your neighbors about which happened on Saturday evening. When I was out a walk, my younger son, Tom, was playing football in front of your house. He made such much noise that the neighbors got quite angrily. Even worse, Tom broke one of the window of Mr Wilson's house. Tom and I apologized to all the neighbors for the unhappy happenings, but promised to have the broken window repair soon. Tom said that we would not do such silly things any more. I am glad that your neighbors had forgiven us. They are really nice people.
Yours，
Betty
答案：
Dear Laura,
Thanks for letting us stay at your seaside house. Now, you might have heard from your neighbors about
happened on Saturday evening. When I was out a walk, my younger son, Tom, was playing football in front of your house. He made much noise that the neighbors got quite . Even worse, Tom broke one of the of Mr Wilson's house. Tom and I apologized to all the neighbors for the unhappy happenings, promised to have the broken window soon. Tom said that would not do such silly things any more. I am glad that your neighbors forgiven us. They are really nice people.
Yours，
Betty
难项分析：
第二处：which→what　考查宾语从句的连接词。此处是一个宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“……的事情”，应该用what引导宾语从句。
第五处：angrily→angry　考查词性转换。句中got为系动词，其后应用形容词。
第八处：repair→repaired　考查非谓语动词。句中的have意为“使得”，window与repair之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。have sth. done “使某事被做”，即“请某人做某事”。