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高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Back to school优秀导学案及答案
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这是一份高中英语牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Back to school优秀导学案及答案，共17页。
Sectin Ⅲ Grammar and usage
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He fund he was nw their main fcus(焦点) f attentin.
2．It is imprtant t get even these small details(细节) right.
3．The stry is based(基于) n a lt f histrical facts.
4．The cat was black except fr a patch f white n the very tip f its tail.
5．Peple like taking phts because phts are the witness f yuth and histry and can remind us f many happy scenes.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．tip n．指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费→tipper n．给小费者
2．base vt.以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营→based adj.(以某事)为基础(或根据)→baseless adj.无根据的
3．remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．令人回忆起某事的东西
4．detail n．细节；具体情况→ detailed adj.详细的；细致的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．as a result f 由于
2．stick t 坚持；固守；维持
3．pay attentin t 注意
4．cme true 实现
5．live a happy life 过幸福生活
6．(be) based n 基于，以……为基础
7．give up 放弃
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Whatever happens，we'll stick t ur prmise.
2．This nvel is based n the family histry f the writer.
3．We shuld pay attentin t this frm the very beginning.
4．When did man's dream f flying int the sky cme true?
5．Thugh the girl's leg was cut ut as a result f the earthquake，she was nt disappinted.
eq \a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])
fcus n．焦点；重点v.集中；聚焦
(教材P6)Setting gals gives yu a fcus in life.
设定目标能让你生活中有专注对象。
(1)fcus n 集中精力做……
fcus/fix ne's attentin n sth.
把注意力集中到……
(2)the fcus f attentin 关注的焦点
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The cach is able t fcus n the kids while the ther parents are relieved t be ff the hk fr anther seasn.
教练能够集中精力抓孩子们的训练，其余的家长们也为免除了下个赛季的烦恼而感到宽慰。
②It was the main fcus f attentin at the meeting.
这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
③They fcus n keeping(keep) their sil rich and free f disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
④They fcused all their attentin n finding a slutin t the prblem.
他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。
as a result f 由于；因为
(教材P6)As a result f yur actin，yur dream will cme true and hpefully，yu will live a happy life.
由于你的行动，你的梦想会成真，满怀希望地，你会过上幸福的生活。
(1)result n． 结果
as a result 结果；因此
withut result 徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result vi. 发生；产生
result frm 是由……造成的
result in(＝lead t) 导致；造成
①As a result I ttally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。
②The cnditins are pr; as a result，the wrkers left.＝The wrkers left as a result f the pr cnditins.
由于条件太差，工人们离开了。
③Let us hpe that peace will result frm ur talks.
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
④His carelessness resulted in his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
[图形助记] 巧记“因果”
[名师点津]
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result f是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。
base vt.以……为基础(依据)
n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
(教材P7)Instead，yu shuld set gals based n yur abilities and skills.
相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。
(1)把……建立在……的基础上
(2)at the base f以……为基点；在……的底部
(3)be based n/upn以……为基础/依据
①A new Chinese televisin drama，titled In the Name f Peple，was based n the same nvel，written by Zhu Meisen.
一部新的中文电视剧，名为《人民的名义》，以周梅森所写的同名小说为蓝本。
②If yu base an imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn，yu will regret it sner r later.
如果把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上，而不是以理性思考为基础，你迟早会后悔的。
③They fund the plane at the base f the muntain.
他们在山脚下发现了飞机。
remind vt.提醒；使想起
(教材P7)This will remind yu f what yu are wrking fr and keep yu fcused.
这会提醒你为什么工作并且让你精力集中。
remind sb.f sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.t d sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ...使某人想起……；提醒某人……
①I was abut t call Jack t remind him that we wuld meet at 8：00 am when he came in.
我正要给杰克打电话提醒他我们在上午8点见面，这时他进来了。
②Please remind me t write(write) t my mther tmrrw.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
③I dn't want them t remind me f her.
我不想因它们想起她来。
[名师点津]
其他常见的由“v.＋sb.＋f sth.”构成的短语有：infrm sb.f sth.通知某人某事；rb sb.f sth.抢劫某人某物；warn sb.f sth.警告某人某事。
Ⅰ.句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。
一、 主语
[即时训练1] 找出下面句子的主语
①Children grw very fast.
②Nbdy knws wh tk the key.
③The first was a nvel.
④What he said is quite true.
[答案] ①Children ②Nbdy ③The first ④What he said
二、谓语
[即时训练2] 找出下面句子的谓语
①What happened？
②The plane tk ff at 10 'clck.
③We were beaten by their team.
④Yu can d it.
[答案] ①happened ②tk ff ③were beaten ④can d
三、宾语
[即时训练3] 找出下列句子的宾语
①He takes a cld bath every mrning.
②All f us like him.
③D yu mind my pening the windw？
④He began t learn English a year ag.
[答案] ①a cld bath ②him ③my pening the windw ④t learn English
四、补语
[即时训练4] 找出下列句子的补语
①We made him ur mnitr.
②I dn't believe the stry true.
③The dctr advised her t stay in bed fr a week.
④Yu shuld put yur things in rder.
[答案] ①ur mnitr ②true ③t stay in bed ④in rder
五、状语
[即时训练5] 找出下列句子的状语
①He knws hw t teach English prperly.
②He will leave fr Shanghai the day after tmrrw.
③He heard sme nises when he was reading.
[答案] ①prperly ②the day after tmrrw ③when he was reading
六、表语
[即时训练6] 找出下列句子的表语
①Africa is a big cntinent.
②Our chief methd is t learn English thrugh practice.
③Their jb is teaching English.
[答案] ①a big cntinent ②t learn English thrugh practice ③teaching English
七、定语
[即时训练7] 找出下列句子的定语
①There are few wmen wrkers in the factry.
②The il wrkers here cme frm Daqing.
③We have gt ten desks in the rm.
④Yesterday the scientist made a reprt n mdern science.
[答案] ①few wmen ②il ③ten ④n mdern science
八、同位语
[即时训练8] 找出下列句子的同位语
①This is Miss Green，the new English teacher.
②We all wanted t see her.
③We are facing the questin whether he has knwn it.
[答案] ①the new English teacher ②all ③whether he has knwn it
Ⅱ.句子结构
英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成八种基本结构及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这八种基本结构是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本结构如下：
基本结构一：主谓——主语＋谓语(SV)
基本结构二：主系表——主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)
基本结构三：主谓宾——主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)
基本结构四：主谓宾宾——主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
基本结构五：主谓宾补——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)
基本结构六：主谓状——主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
基本结构七：主谓宾状——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
基本结构八：存在句——引导词there引导的句子
基本结构一、主谓——主语＋谓语(SV)
谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。如agree，lie，wrk，argue，lie，belng，cme，g，reply等。
Tm has arrived．
He smiled．
[即时训练1] 把下列句子译成英语
①会议已经开始了。
The meeting has begun.
②他离开了。
He left.
基本结构二、主系表——主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)
连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
1．表示感官的动词：feel，appear，lk，smell，taste，sund等；
2．表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，cntinue等；
3．表示转变、变化的动词：becme，get，turn，g，run，fall，cme，grw等。
Yur pet dg is there．
Tm became a dctr．
[即时训练2] 把下列句子译成英语
①这本书很有趣。
The bk is very interesting.
②他看上去是累了。
He lks tired．
基本结构三、主谓宾——主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)
谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。
He teaches English．
I lve yu．
I dn't knw hw t learn English．
She said that she wuld study hard．
[即时训练3] 把下列句子译成英语
①她喜欢这些花。
She likes the flwers.
②父亲买了辆汽车。
Dad bught a car.
③他们已经离开了那家旅馆。
They have left the htel.
基本结构四、主谓宾宾——主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(t，fr等)。
My father bught me a car．(me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语)
The singer sang us anther sng．(us为间接宾语，anther sng 为直接宾语)
The singer sang anther sng fr us.
The teacher ffered sme advice n learning English t us.
[即时训练4] 把下列句子译成英语
①他把这消息告诉了她。
He tld her the news.
②他给了我一个苹果。
He gave me an apple.
基本结构五、主谓宾补——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)
谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补语)的及物动词，这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补语的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。
Tm made the baby laugh．
His illness left him weak．
We fund urselves in great truble．
What made yu here?
[即时训练5] 把下列句子译成英语
①他叫我待在家里。
He tld me t stay hme.
②这气味使他恶心。
The smell made him sick.
基本结构六、主谓状——主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
The meeting begins at half past nine．
The bks f this kind sell well．
Many changes tk place in my hme twn．
[即时训练6] 把下列句子译成英语
①他们暂住在一家旅馆里。
They are staying in a htel.
②这种面包不好长期存放。
This bread wn't keep fr a lng time.
基本结构七、主谓宾状——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
She stpped teaching English tw years ag．
I will d it tmrrw．
I like t swim this afternn．
[即时训练7] 把下列句子译成英语
①这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。
The train leaves Lndn at nine.
②他的话使我深受感动。
What he said tuched me greatly.
③我很容易地找到了这本书。
I fund the bk easily.
基本结构八、存在句——引导词there引导的句子
所谓存在句，就是指表示某处存在有某人或某物，其典型结构是there be...这类表达，所以存在句在通常情况下指的就是there be句型。there be句型中的there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化；there be后面的名词为句子主语。
There is a garden at the back f the huse.
There are fewer bys than girls in my class.
There are nt enugh peple t d the jb.
[即时训练8] 把下列句子译成英语
①门口有个男人。
There is a man at the dr.
②房间里有几个女孩。
There are sme girls in the rm.
③桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.
Ⅰ.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1．The students gt n the schl bus.
2．He handed me the newspaper.
3．I shall answer yur questin after class．
4．What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5．They went hunting tgether early in the mrning．
6．His jb is t train swimmers．
7．He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing．
8．There is ging t be an American film tnight.
9．He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.
10．His wish is t becme a scientist．
[答案] 1.主语，定语 2.间接宾语 3.谓语，状语 4.定语 5.状语，状语 6.定语，表语 7.宾语，状语 8.谓语，主语 9.谓语 10.主语，表语
Ⅱ.单句改错 (每小题仅有1处错误)
1．He managed t finishing the wrk in time.finishing→finish
2．The apples were tasted sweet.were tasted→taste
3．Wuld yu please tell t me yur address？去掉t
4．It is ur duty t keep ur classrm cleanly and tidy.cleanly→clean
5．There is hundreds f peple n the waiting list.is→are
v.＋ (e)d → adj.
v.＋ up→动词短语
addicted adj.上瘾的
bred adj.厌烦的
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
clean up 清出，收拾干净
give up 放弃，戒除
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.The teacher gave a speech.
2.Many students jin schl clubs.
3.We shuld develp gd study habits.
4.Listening t music makes me relaxed.
5.He is made chairman f the club.
6.Maggie plans her study carefully.
7.It's a lvely day.
8.I went t a large library yesterday.
9.They girls may g there by bus.
1.例句1中的黑体词在句中作主语。
2.例句2中的黑体词在句中作谓语。
3.例句3中的黑体词在句中作宾语。
4.例句4中的黑体词在句中作宾语补语。
5.例句5中的黑体词在句中作主语补语。
6.例句6中的黑体词在句中作状语。
7.例句7中的黑体词在句中作表语。
8.例句8中的黑体词在句中作定语。
9.例句9中的黑体词在句中作同位语。
主语定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体
主语位置
一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
哪些词可以作主语
名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，短语，句子
The village is very beautiful.(名词)
Wh is speaking，please？(代词)
Tw will be enugh.(数词)
T translate this ideal int reality needs hard wrk.(不定式)
Skating is gd exercise.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.(名词化的形容词)
Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.(短语)
What has happened prves that ur plicy is right.(句子)
谓语定义
谓语说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，动词在句中作谓语
谓语位置
一般放在主语之后
谓语构成
1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
He practices running every mrning.
2.复合谓语：
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks.
He has caught a bad cld.
(2)由系动词加表语构成
We are students.
宾语定义
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者
宾语位置
一般位于及物动词和介词后面
哪些词可以作宾语
名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，动名词短语，句子
She is ding her hmewrk nw.(名词)
I like it very much.(代词)
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名词化的形容词)
He likes t play basketball.(不定式)
I like swimming.(动名词)
We enjy listening t the music.(动名词短语)
He tld me that he was a teacher befre.(句子)
宾语种类
(1)双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
Lend me yur dictinary，please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)
They elected him their mnitr.
宾语补语定义
对宾语作补充说明，使句子的意义完整
宾语补语位置
带有宾语补语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等＋宾语＋宾补)
哪些词可以作宾语补语
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当
His father named him Dngming.(名词)
They painted their bat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
Yu mustn't frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式)
We saw her entering the rm.(现在分词)
I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词)
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介词短语)
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(句子)
主语补语
被动语态的主语补语与主动语态的宾语补语是密切相关的。例如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2)He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句(1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补语。所以叫宾语补语。
句(2)中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补语，故称作主语补语。
主语和主语补语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补语的逻辑主语。
状语定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语
状语位置
句首，句中，句尾
哪些词可以作状语
名词，数词，形容词，副词，副词性词组，介词短语，不定式，分词，句子
Wait a minute.(名词)
I've dne it hundreds f times.(数词)
I gt hme，tired and thirsty.(形容词)
Light travels mst quickly.(副词)
Generally speaking，when taken accrding t the directins，the medicine has n side effect.(副词性词组)
He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介词短语)
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短语)
They came ut f the classrm，talking and laughing.(现在分词)
Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)
Once yu begin，yu must cntinue.(句子)
表语定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态
表语位置
一般位于系动词(如be，becme，get，lk，grw，turn，seem等)之后
哪些词可以作表语
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示
Our teacher f English is an American.(名词)
Is it yurs？(代词)
The weather has turned cld.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty ne？(数词)
His jb is t teach English.(不定式)
His hbby is playing ftball.(动名词)
The machine must be ut f rder.(介词短语)
Time is up.The class is ver.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表语从句)
定语定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语位置
被修饰的词前或后
哪些词可以作定语
名词，代词，名词或代词所有格，数词，形容词(限观形龄色国材)，分词，动名词，不定式，介词短语，句子可以作定语.
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分词)
There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.(名词)
Is this yur bike？(代词)
His sn needs Tm's pen.(名词所有格)
Tw bys need tw pens.(数词)
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(动名词)
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介词短语)
The by wh is tall is my brther.(句子)
同位语定义
一个名词(其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个词(或其他形式)就是同位语
同位语位置
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起
充当同位语的词
名词，动名词，不定式，形容词，名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语，直接引语，句子
Mr wang，my child's teacher，will be visiting us n Tuesday.(名词)
I，the ldest girl in the family，always had t care fr the ther children.(名词短语)
He enjys the exercise，swimming，in winter.(动名词)
Asking him t jin us，that's a gd ides.(动名词短语)
Their aspiratin，t becme free and independent，is deserving f every kind f help frm us.(不定式)
The questin what t d next hasn't been cnsidered.(不定式短语)
As the head f the cmpany，he had t explain what had happened.(介词短语)
He，shrt and thin，is unfit fr the jb.(形容词)
All the cuntries，big r small，are equal.(形容词短语)
But nw the questin cmes t their minds，“Did she die yung because she was a clne？”(直接引语)
The girl were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.The car stpped.
2.Mary seemed pleased.
3.I lve ice cream.
4.Tm gave me a present.
5.We cnsider the wrk challenging.
6.They wrk hard.
7.We like the film very much.
8.There is a sprts centre in ur schl.
1.例句1是主谓结构，谓语动词为不及物动词stpped。
2.例句2是主系表结构，表语为形容词pleased。
3.例句3是主谓宾结构，宾语为名词ice cream。
4.例句4是主谓宾宾结构，间接宾语为me，直接宾语为a present。
5.例句5是主谓宾补结构，宾语为the wrk，宾语补语为challenging。
6.例句6是主谓状结构，状语为hard。
7.例句7是主谓宾状结构，宾语为the film，状语为very much。
8.例句8是存在句，由引导词there引导。
Sectin Ⅲ Grammar and usage
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．He fund he was nw their main fcus(焦点) f attentin.
2．It is imprtant t get even these small details(细节) right.
3．The stry is based(基于) n a lt f histrical facts.
4．The cat was black except fr a patch f white n the very tip f its tail.
5．Peple like taking phts because phts are the witness f yuth and histry and can remind us f many happy scenes.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．tip n．指点，实用的提示；尖端；小费→tipper n．给小费者
2．base vt.以……为基础(依据) n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营→based adj.(以某事)为基础(或根据)→baseless adj.无根据的
3．remind vt.提醒；使想起→reminder n．令人回忆起某事的东西
4．detail n．细节；具体情况→ detailed adj.详细的；细致的
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．as a result f 由于
2．stick t 坚持；固守；维持
3．pay attentin t 注意
4．cme true 实现
5．live a happy life 过幸福生活
6．(be) based n 基于，以……为基础
7．give up 放弃
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Whatever happens，we'll stick t ur prmise.
2．This nvel is based n the family histry f the writer.
3．We shuld pay attentin t this frm the very beginning.
4．When did man's dream f flying int the sky cme true?
5．Thugh the girl's leg was cut ut as a result f the earthquake，she was nt disappinted.
eq \a\vs4\al([寻规律、巧记忆])
fcus n．焦点；重点v.集中；聚焦
(教材P6)Setting gals gives yu a fcus in life.
设定目标能让你生活中有专注对象。
(1)fcus n 集中精力做……
fcus/fix ne's attentin n sth.
把注意力集中到……
(2)the fcus f attentin 关注的焦点
①(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)The cach is able t fcus n the kids while the ther parents are relieved t be ff the hk fr anther seasn.
教练能够集中精力抓孩子们的训练，其余的家长们也为免除了下个赛季的烦恼而感到宽慰。
②It was the main fcus f attentin at the meeting.
这是会议上关注的主要焦点。
③They fcus n keeping(keep) their sil rich and free f disease.
他们主要是想保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。
④They fcused all their attentin n finding a slutin t the prblem.
他们集中全部注意力寻找解决问题的办法。
as a result f 由于；因为
(教材P6)As a result f yur actin，yur dream will cme true and hpefully，yu will live a happy life.
由于你的行动，你的梦想会成真，满怀希望地，你会过上幸福的生活。
(1)result n． 结果
as a result 结果；因此
withut result 徒劳；毫无结果
(2)result vi. 发生；产生
result frm 是由……造成的
result in(＝lead t) 导致；造成
①As a result I ttally changed my shape.
因此，我已经完全改变了我的形状。
②The cnditins are pr; as a result，the wrkers left.＝The wrkers left as a result f the pr cnditins.
由于条件太差，工人们离开了。
③Let us hpe that peace will result frm ur talks.
让我们期望，我们的会谈会带来和平。
④His carelessness resulted in his failure.
他的粗心导致了他的失败。
[图形助记] 巧记“因果”
[名师点津]
as a result是副词短语，单独使用，作状语，可用逗号隔开；as a result f是介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词以及what引导的宾语从句。
base vt.以……为基础(依据)
n．根据；基础；基底；总部，大本营
(教材P7)Instead，yu shuld set gals based n yur abilities and skills.
相反，你应该根据你的能力和技能来设定目标。
(1)把……建立在……的基础上
(2)at the base f以……为基点；在……的底部
(3)be based n/upn以……为基础/依据
①A new Chinese televisin drama，titled In the Name f Peple，was based n the same nvel，written by Zhu Meisen.
一部新的中文电视剧，名为《人民的名义》，以周梅森所写的同名小说为蓝本。
②If yu base an imprtant decisin mre n emtin than n reasn，yu will regret it sner r later.
如果把一个重要的决定更多地建立在情感基础上，而不是以理性思考为基础，你迟早会后悔的。
③They fund the plane at the base f the muntain.
他们在山脚下发现了飞机。
remind vt.提醒；使想起
(教材P7)This will remind yu f what yu are wrking fr and keep yu fcused.
这会提醒你为什么工作并且让你精力集中。
remind sb.f sth. 提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事
remind sb.t d sth.提醒某人做某事
remind sb.that ...使某人想起……；提醒某人……
①I was abut t call Jack t remind him that we wuld meet at 8：00 am when he came in.
我正要给杰克打电话提醒他我们在上午8点见面，这时他进来了。
②Please remind me t write(write) t my mther tmrrw.
请提醒我明天给我母亲写信。
③I dn't want them t remind me f her.
我不想因它们想起她来。
[名师点津]
其他常见的由“v.＋sb.＋f sth.”构成的短语有：infrm sb.f sth.通知某人某事；rb sb.f sth.抢劫某人某物；warn sb.f sth.警告某人某事。
Ⅰ.句子成分
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分，主要成分有主语和谓语，次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。
一、 主语
[即时训练1] 找出下面句子的主语
①Children grw very fast.
②Nbdy knws wh tk the key.
③The first was a nvel.
④What he said is quite true.
[答案] ①Children ②Nbdy ③The first ④What he said
二、谓语
[即时训练2] 找出下面句子的谓语
①What happened？
②The plane tk ff at 10 'clck.
③We were beaten by their team.
④Yu can d it.
[答案] ①happened ②tk ff ③were beaten ④can d
三、宾语
[即时训练3] 找出下列句子的宾语
①He takes a cld bath every mrning.
②All f us like him.
③D yu mind my pening the windw？
④He began t learn English a year ag.
[答案] ①a cld bath ②him ③my pening the windw ④t learn English
四、补语
[即时训练4] 找出下列句子的补语
①We made him ur mnitr.
②I dn't believe the stry true.
③The dctr advised her t stay in bed fr a week.
④Yu shuld put yur things in rder.
[答案] ①ur mnitr ②true ③t stay in bed ④in rder
五、状语
[即时训练5] 找出下列句子的状语
①He knws hw t teach English prperly.
②He will leave fr Shanghai the day after tmrrw.
③He heard sme nises when he was reading.
[答案] ①prperly ②the day after tmrrw ③when he was reading
六、表语
[即时训练6] 找出下列句子的表语
①Africa is a big cntinent.
②Our chief methd is t learn English thrugh practice.
③Their jb is teaching English.
[答案] ①a big cntinent ②t learn English thrugh practice ③teaching English
七、定语
[即时训练7] 找出下列句子的定语
①There are few wmen wrkers in the factry.
②The il wrkers here cme frm Daqing.
③We have gt ten desks in the rm.
④Yesterday the scientist made a reprt n mdern science.
[答案] ①few wmen ②il ③ten ④n mdern science
八、同位语
[即时训练8] 找出下列句子的同位语
①This is Miss Green，the new English teacher.
②We all wanted t see her.
③We are facing the questin whether he has knwn it.
[答案] ①the new English teacher ②all ③whether he has knwn it
Ⅱ.句子结构
英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成八种基本结构及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这八种基本结构是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语八种基本结构如下：
基本结构一：主谓——主语＋谓语(SV)
基本结构二：主系表——主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)
基本结构三：主谓宾——主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)
基本结构四：主谓宾宾——主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
基本结构五：主谓宾补——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)
基本结构六：主谓状——主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
基本结构七：主谓宾状——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
基本结构八：存在句——引导词there引导的句子
基本结构一、主谓——主语＋谓语(SV)
谓语动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，也无被动语态。如agree，lie，wrk，argue，lie，belng，cme，g，reply等。
Tm has arrived．
He smiled．
[即时训练1] 把下列句子译成英语
①会议已经开始了。
The meeting has begun.
②他离开了。
He left.
基本结构二、主系表——主语＋连系动词＋表语(SVP)
连系动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语的身份、特征、类属、状态等的表语。连系动词除了be动词之外，还有：
1．表示感官的动词：feel，appear，lk，smell，taste，sund等；
2．表示状态延续的动词：remain，stay，keep，cntinue等；
3．表示转变、变化的动词：becme，get，turn，g，run，fall，cme，grw等。
Yur pet dg is there．
Tm became a dctr．
[即时训练2] 把下列句子译成英语
①这本书很有趣。
The bk is very interesting.
②他看上去是累了。
He lks tired．
基本结构三、主谓宾——主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)
谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词。
He teaches English．
I lve yu．
I dn't knw hw t learn English．
She said that she wuld study hard．
[即时训练3] 把下列句子译成英语
①她喜欢这些花。
She likes the flwers.
②父亲买了辆汽车。
Dad bught a car.
③他们已经离开了那家旅馆。
They have left the htel.
基本结构四、主谓宾宾——主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(SVOO)
谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词。一般地说，宾语指人为间接宾语，宾语指物为直接宾语。如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前，那么两个宾语之间有一个介词(t，fr等)。
My father bught me a car．(me为间接宾语，a car 为直接宾语)
The singer sang us anther sng．(us为间接宾语，anther sng 为直接宾语)
The singer sang anther sng fr us.
The teacher ffered sme advice n learning English t us.
[即时训练4] 把下列句子译成英语
①他把这消息告诉了她。
He tld her the news.
②他给了我一个苹果。
He gave me an apple.
基本结构五、主谓宾补——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补语(SVOC)
谓语动词为能带复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补语)的及物动词，这类动词叫作复合宾语及物动词。宾语补语是用来描述或说明宾语的动作、状态或特征。宾语是宾语补语的逻辑主语(暗含的主语)。
Tm made the baby laugh．
His illness left him weak．
We fund urselves in great truble．
What made yu here?
[即时训练5] 把下列句子译成英语
①他叫我待在家里。
He tld me t stay hme.
②这气味使他恶心。
The smell made him sick.
基本结构六、主谓状——主语＋谓语＋状语(SVA)
The meeting begins at half past nine．
The bks f this kind sell well．
Many changes tk place in my hme twn．
[即时训练6] 把下列句子译成英语
①他们暂住在一家旅馆里。
They are staying in a htel.
②这种面包不好长期存放。
This bread wn't keep fr a lng time.
基本结构七、主谓宾状——主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(SVOA)
She stpped teaching English tw years ag．
I will d it tmrrw．
I like t swim this afternn．
[即时训练7] 把下列句子译成英语
①这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。
The train leaves Lndn at nine.
②他的话使我深受感动。
What he said tuched me greatly.
③我很容易地找到了这本书。
I fund the bk easily.
基本结构八、存在句——引导词there引导的句子
所谓存在句，就是指表示某处存在有某人或某物，其典型结构是there be...这类表达，所以存在句在通常情况下指的就是there be句型。there be句型中的there为引导词，无词义；be为谓语动词，根据情况可以有单复数的变化，也可以有不同的时态变化；there be后面的名词为句子主语。
There is a garden at the back f the huse.
There are fewer bys than girls in my class.
There are nt enugh peple t d the jb.
[即时训练8] 把下列句子译成英语
①门口有个男人。
There is a man at the dr.
②房间里有几个女孩。
There are sme girls in the rm.
③桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
There is a pen and sme bks n the desk.
Ⅰ.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分
1．The students gt n the schl bus.
2．He handed me the newspaper.
3．I shall answer yur questin after class．
4．What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5．They went hunting tgether early in the mrning．
6．His jb is t train swimmers．
7．He tk many phts f the palaces in Beijing．
8．There is ging t be an American film tnight.
9．He is t leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.
10．His wish is t becme a scientist．
[答案] 1.主语，定语 2.间接宾语 3.谓语，状语 4.定语 5.状语，状语 6.定语，表语 7.宾语，状语 8.谓语，主语 9.谓语 10.主语，表语
Ⅱ.单句改错 (每小题仅有1处错误)
1．He managed t finishing the wrk in time.finishing→finish
2．The apples were tasted sweet.were tasted→taste
3．Wuld yu please tell t me yur address？去掉t
4．It is ur duty t keep ur classrm cleanly and tidy.cleanly→clean
5．There is hundreds f peple n the waiting list.is→are
v.＋ (e)d → adj.
v.＋ up→动词短语
addicted adj.上瘾的
bred adj.厌烦的
delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的
take up 拿起；接受；开始；继续
clean up 清出，收拾干净
give up 放弃，戒除
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.The teacher gave a speech.
2.Many students jin schl clubs.
3.We shuld develp gd study habits.
4.Listening t music makes me relaxed.
5.He is made chairman f the club.
6.Maggie plans her study carefully.
7.It's a lvely day.
8.I went t a large library yesterday.
9.They girls may g there by bus.
1.例句1中的黑体词在句中作主语。
2.例句2中的黑体词在句中作谓语。
3.例句3中的黑体词在句中作宾语。
4.例句4中的黑体词在句中作宾语补语。
5.例句5中的黑体词在句中作主语补语。
6.例句6中的黑体词在句中作状语。
7.例句7中的黑体词在句中作表语。
8.例句8中的黑体词在句中作定语。
9.例句9中的黑体词在句中作同位语。
主语定义
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体
主语位置
一般位于句首，但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语为疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面
哪些词可以作主语
名词，代词，数词，不定式，动名词，名词化的形容词，短语，句子
The village is very beautiful.(名词)
Wh is speaking，please？(代词)
Tw will be enugh.(数词)
T translate this ideal int reality needs hard wrk.(不定式)
Skating is gd exercise.(动名词)
The blind and the lame are well cared fr in ur cuntry.(名词化的形容词)
Hw t d well is an imprtant questin.(短语)
What has happened prves that ur plicy is right.(句子)
谓语定义
谓语说明主语发出的动作或具有的特征和状态，动词在句中作谓语
谓语位置
一般放在主语之后
谓语构成
1.简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成
He practices running every mrning.
2.复合谓语：
(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成
Yu may keep the bk fr tw weeks.
He has caught a bad cld.
(2)由系动词加表语构成
We are students.
宾语定义
宾语表示动作的对象或承受者
宾语位置
一般位于及物动词和介词后面
哪些词可以作宾语
名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，动名词短语，句子
She is ding her hmewrk nw.(名词)
I like it very much.(代词)
Hw many dictinaries d yu have? I have five.(数词)
They helped the ld with their husewrk yesterday.(名词化的形容词)
He likes t play basketball.(不定式)
I like swimming.(动名词)
We enjy listening t the music.(动名词短语)
He tld me that he was a teacher befre.(句子)
宾语种类
(1)双宾语(间接宾语＋直接宾语)
Lend me yur dictinary，please.
(2)复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)
They elected him their mnitr.
宾语补语定义
对宾语作补充说明，使句子的意义完整
宾语补语位置
带有宾语补语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等＋宾语＋宾补)
哪些词可以作宾语补语
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和句子充当
His father named him Dngming.(名词)
They painted their bat white.(形容词)
Let the fresh air in.(副词)
Yu mustn't frce him t lend his mney t yu.(不定式)
We saw her entering the rm.(现在分词)
I had my bike repaired yesterday.(过去分词)
We fund everything in the lab in gd rder.(介词短语)
We will sn make ur city what yur city is nw.(句子)
主语补语
被动语态的主语补语与主动语态的宾语补语是密切相关的。例如：
(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.
(2)He was seen playing basketball yesterday.
句(1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball是宾语him的补语。所以叫宾语补语。
句(2)中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补语，故称作主语补语。
主语和主语补语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补语的逻辑主语。
状语定义
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫作状语
状语位置
句首，句中，句尾
哪些词可以作状语
名词，数词，形容词，副词，副词性词组，介词短语，不定式，分词，句子
Wait a minute.(名词)
I've dne it hundreds f times.(数词)
I gt hme，tired and thirsty.(形容词)
Light travels mst quickly.(副词)
Generally speaking，when taken accrding t the directins，the medicine has n side effect.(副词性词组)
He has lived in the city fr ten years.(介词短语)
He is prud t have passed the natinal cllege entrance examinatin.(不定式短语)
They came ut f the classrm，talking and laughing.(现在分词)
Mr Black came back drunk that night.(过去分词)
Once yu begin，yu must cntinue.(句子)
表语定义
表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态
表语位置
一般位于系动词(如be，becme，get，lk，grw，turn，seem等)之后
哪些词可以作表语
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及句子表示
Our teacher f English is an American.(名词)
Is it yurs？(代词)
The weather has turned cld.(形容词)
The speech is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty ne？(数词)
His jb is t teach English.(不定式)
His hbby is playing ftball.(动名词)
The machine must be ut f rder.(介词短语)
Time is up.The class is ver.(副词)
The truth is that he has never been abrad.(表语从句)
定语定义
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语
定语位置
被修饰的词前或后
哪些词可以作定语
名词，代词，名词或代词所有格，数词，形容词(限观形龄色国材)，分词，动名词，不定式，介词短语，句子可以作定语.
Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a develping cuntry; America is a develped cuntry.(分词)
There are thirty wmen teachers in ur schl.(名词)
Is this yur bike？(代词)
His sn needs Tm's pen.(名词所有格)
Tw bys need tw pens.(数词)
Our mnitr is always the first t enter the classrm.(不定式短语)
The teaching plan fr next term has been wrked ut.(动名词)
He is reading an article abut hw t learn English.(介词短语)
The by wh is tall is my brther.(句子)
同位语定义
一个名词(其他形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个词(或其他形式)就是同位语
同位语位置
同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起
充当同位语的词
名词，动名词，不定式，形容词，名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语，介词短语，形容词短语，直接引语，句子
Mr wang，my child's teacher，will be visiting us n Tuesday.(名词)
I，the ldest girl in the family，always had t care fr the ther children.(名词短语)
He enjys the exercise，swimming，in winter.(动名词)
Asking him t jin us，that's a gd ides.(动名词短语)
Their aspiratin，t becme free and independent，is deserving f every kind f help frm us.(不定式)
The questin what t d next hasn't been cnsidered.(不定式短语)
As the head f the cmpany，he had t explain what had happened.(介词短语)
He，shrt and thin，is unfit fr the jb.(形容词)
All the cuntries，big r small，are equal.(形容词短语)
But nw the questin cmes t their minds，“Did she die yung because she was a clne？”(直接引语)
The girl were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sail up the Great lakes.(句子)
语 境 自 主 领 悟
先观察原句
后自主感悟
1.The car stpped.
2.Mary seemed pleased.
3.I lve ice cream.
4.Tm gave me a present.
5.We cnsider the wrk challenging.
6.They wrk hard.
7.We like the film very much.
8.There is a sprts centre in ur schl.
1.例句1是主谓结构，谓语动词为不及物动词stpped。
2.例句2是主系表结构，表语为形容词pleased。
3.例句3是主谓宾结构，宾语为名词ice cream。
4.例句4是主谓宾宾结构，间接宾语为me，直接宾语为a present。
5.例句5是主谓宾补结构，宾语为the wrk，宾语补语为challenging。
6.例句6是主谓状结构，状语为hard。
7.例句7是主谓宾状结构，宾语为the film，状语为very much。
8.例句8是存在句，由引导词there引导。
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