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2019届浙江省杭州市高考命题比赛模拟（一）英语试卷（word版）
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2019年高考模拟试卷英语卷
考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第I卷
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:
How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15.
B. £9.18.
C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. When will the man meet with Nick?
A. On May 12th. B. On May 14th. C. On May 15th.
2. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Get her a disk. B. Repair a computer. C. Help to deal with a document.
3. What does the woman think the film will be like?
A. Amusing. B. Terrifying. C. Exciting.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At home. B. At a supermarket. C. At the man’s office.
5. What is the man doing?
A. Taking a walk. B. Trying on shoes. C. Buying some clothes.
第二节 (共15小题； 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What relation is Sally to the woman?
A. Her sister. B. Her co-worker. C. Her mother.
7. Where are the files?
A. Next to a fax machine. B. On a computer desk. C. On the man’s desk.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why didn’t the man watch Football Academy last night?
A. He had no time. B. He disliked the judges. C. He was too tired.
9. What does the man wish?
A. He had watched Football Academy.
B. Football Academy would be broadcast again.
C. Other programs would replace Football Academy.
10. What do the speakers agree about Football Academy?
A. The program is too boring and tiring.
B. Viewers can learn something from the program.
C. The program should be shown at an earlier time.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man find hard to do?
A. Do the course in English.
B. Find his accommodation.
C. Understand other students’ jokes.
12. What is the woman busy doing?
A. Writing an essay. B. Looking for a job. C. Preparing for an exam.
13. Why won’t the woman visit the man’s university?
A. She has no interest in it.
B. She doesn’t have time.
C. She can’t afford the trip.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the man probably doing?
A. Reading a newspaper. B. Playing a video game. C. Driving in the country.
15. Why does the town decide to change its name for a month?
A. To attract more tourists.
B. To be famous on the Internet.
C. To call drivers’ attention to safety.
16. Who suggested the idea of changing the name of the town?
A. A local farmer. B. A transport company. C. A government department.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where is the talk being given?
A. On the phone. B. At the cinema. C. In the classroom.
18. How does the film in Room 1 seem to be?
A. Boring. B. Frightening. C. Relaxing.
19. When is the film in Room 2 showing for the last time today?
A. 9:00. B. 10:00. C. 11:45.
20. Which of the following films is shown in Room 3?
A. Ships In The Night. B. Don’t Open The Door. C. Streetmatch — The Return.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5 分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A （原创）
Whenever Jane Lockshin went out to lunch with her elderly aunt Sylvia, she would offer to pay the bill. After all, Sylvia Bloom was a modest secretary, who lost her beloved husband more than a decade ago. She lived alone in a one-bedroom Brooklyn apartment and took the subway everywhere, including to her job at a Manhattan law firm. She worked there— full-time— until she was 96. Simply put, Lockshin didn’t want Aunt Sylvia to blow her budget on lunch.
So when Bloom died in 2016, at 97, it was something of a shock to discover that she’d left behind a multi million-dollar estate. Almost as shocking: She had chosen to give $8.2 million to charity. Six million dollars went to educational programs at the Henry Street Settlement, a social services organization in New York City. An additional $2 million went to scholarship funds, including at Bloom’s alma mater, Hunter College. “She had millions,” says Lockshin, “and no one suspected it.”
Bloom’s bequest to the Settlement, the largest in its 126-year history, will help fund a program for disadvantaged students. “The gift has been transformative not just because of the good we’ll be able to do with it,” says David Garza, the agency’s executive director, “but because of the selflessness and the humility behind it.”
Sylvia Bloom’s story is indeed extraordinary, but it’s not as uncommon as you might think. Working-class benefactors—secretaries, teachers, janitors, and more—make headlines with awe-inspiring regularity.
21. Why did Jane offer to pay the bill according to paragraph 1?
A. Because her aunt lost her husband.
B. Because her aunt refused to pay it herself.
C. Because her aunt lived alone and was a secretary.
D. Because she thought her aunt didn’t have much money.
22. What does David Garza’s words mean?
A. Poor students will be funded by the money.
B. The gift is important because of nothing but the good can be done with it.
C. It is the devotion and modesty behind it that makes the gift extraordinary.
D. Jane Lockshin’s donation is thought highly of.
23. What might the following paragraph talk about?
A. The way the money was spent.
B. The way Sylvia saved so much money.
C. The inspiration Jane got from the story.
D. The story of other donors like Sylvia.
B （原创）
There are plenty of common fears that, even if we don’t have them ourselves, we totally understand: spiders, heights, creepy clowns. And then there’s fear of the number 13. It’s a number just like any other, and yet there are horror movies about it; some buildings intentionally have no 13th floor and plenty of couples avoid getting married on the 13th of the month.
What makes this number so scary? Well, there’s no single reason behind the widespread fear. Historians have pinpointed a few potential reasons for 13’s prevalence as an unlucky number.
The most popular theory about the origin of fear of the number 13 is connected with the Bible: there were 13 diners at the Last Supper. The 13th to arrive was Judas, who betrayed Jesus. In Norse mythology（神话）, too, a table of 13 proved unlucky. According to one of the myths, the primary 12 gods were dining together peacefully until the god of evil Loki showed up. As soon as this 13th guest arrived, chaos and carnage followed. The superstition（迷信） that a table of 13 diners spells bad news even made its way into Harry Potter.
On its own, there are no problems with the number itself. It’s 13’s proximity to the number 12 that makes it look bad, according to scientists and mathematicians. In many ancient cultures, 12 was considered to be a perfect number. Civilizations as far back as ancient Sumer based their systems of telling time around the number 12. There are 12 hours on a clock and 12 months in a year. As the number immediately following this “perfect” one, 13 seemed flawed, inspiring unease throughout the ancient world.
24. The first paragraph is intended to _______.
A. attract readers’ attention on fear
B. offer background information
C. introduce the topic of the passage
D. put forward an opinion
25. The underlined word “carnage” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.
A. challenge
B. confusion
C. amazement
D. violence
26. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Judas betrayed Juses at the Last Supper.
B. Loki’s arrival brought about chaos during the meal.
C. In many modern cultures, 12 was regarded as a perfect number.
D. Scientists proved that the number 13 was flawed.
C （原创）
Earlier this year six Amazon delivery robots were introduced in a trial program in Snohomish County, Washington. The boxy machines, which resemble six-wheeled coolers, carry meals, groceries and packages to homes and offices.
As a growing number of citizens expect immediate or scheduled delivery for just about everything, such services are fast developing, which is regarded as an effective approach to solve the last mile delivery problem. By shifting the delivery vehicles from roads to the sidewalk, cities could greatly reduce traffic jams. But companies like Amazon are not developing this delivery technology simply to clear up urban traffic. Self-driving vehicles and sidewalk robots could reduce last-mile delivery costs in cities by as much as 40 percent, according to a 2018 report.
To gain public trust, these machines must demonstrate they can safely and quietly share pedestrian spaces. “It’s actually really hard to move on crowded sidewalks and not bump into people,” says Renia Ehrenfeucht, chair of the Community and Regional Planning Department at The University of New Mexico.
Sidewalk robots may also face disruptions to their own routines, including curious bystanders blocking their paths and thieves looking to grab a package on route. “I do think the largest problem is going to be malevolent(恶意的) behavior toward these things,” says Mary Cummings, director of the Humans and Autonomy Lab at Duke University. Additional challenges include perfecting the software that helps delivery robots avoid both still and moving objects as well as dealing with city officials who want to protect public spaces. For example, San Francisco, home to delivery start-ups such as DoorDash and Postmates, put a ban in 2017 on autonomous deliveries by sidewalk robots and has only slowly opened the door for companies seeking permits. Other U.S. communities have regulated where such robots can go and how they must behave.
Given these obstacles, sidewalk delivery robots are not necessarily destined to win the future. A 2016 McKinsey report pointed out old-fashioned bicycles remain the most cost-competitive choice for many last-mile deliveries. (342 words)
27. Which of the following is not a reason for companies to invest in delivery robots?
A. To ease the traffic pressure.
B. To reduce the last-mile delivery costs.
C. To gain public trust.
D. To offer citizens immediate delivery.
28. Why do city officials oppose the use of delivery robots?
A. They worry that goods on delivery robots will be grabbed.
B. They worry that the rights of pedestrians will be violated.
C. They worry that curious onlookers will block the way.
D. They think the software for delivery robots is inadequate.
29. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of delivery robots?
A. hopeful
B. pessimistic
C. doubtful
D. indifferent
30. What is the best title for the text?
A. Delivery robots—A revolutionary step
B. Delivery robots—An effective approach to traffic jams
C. Delivery robots—A sidewalk-blocking nightmare
D. Delivery robots—Rise of new technology and the challenges
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） （原创）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sleep is vital to your physical and mental health. On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep each night. 31 For example, some people feel best with eight continuous hours of sleep, while others do well with six to seven hours at night and daytime napping.
While you might not be able to control some factors that interfere with your sleep,you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.
32
Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don't need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Try to limit the difference in your sleep schedule on weeknights and weekends to no more than one hour. 33
Pay attention to what you eat and drink
Don't go to bed hungry or stuffed. 34 Your discomfort might keep you up. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine take hours to wear off and can wreak havoc on quality sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy, it can disrupt sleep later in the night.
Manage worries
Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Note down what's on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. 35 Meditation can also ease anxiety. In fact, nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night—but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.
A. Stick to a sleep schedule.
B. But those needs vary individually.
C. Include physical activity in your daily routine.
D. Being consistent reinforces your body's sleep-wake cycle.
E. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating asks.
F. It can be hard to measure your sleep patterns against those of the people around you.
G. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime.
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was growing up, I had an old 36 named Dr. Gibbs. I remembered he smiled a lot, a smile that 37 his hat old and well worn. He never yelled 38 us for playing in his yard.
When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t 39 lives, he was planting trees. His house sat on ten acres, and his life’s 40 was to make it a forest.
The good doctor had some 41 theories concerning planting. He never watered his new trees. 42 I asked why. He said watering plants 43 them because watering made for shallow 44 and actually deep ones are needed to search moisture. Moreover, if you water them, each successive tree generation will grow weaker. So you have to make things 45 for them.
He’d plant an oak, and 46 watering it every morning, he’d 47 it with a rolled-up newspaper, in his words, to get the tree’s attention.
Dr. Gibbs passed 48 a couple of years after I left home. Every time I walk by his house, trees he planted years ago came into view, which are 49 now.
I planted a couple of trees several years ago and watered them a lot, only to find they 50 in blowing cold winds. Every night before I go to bed, I 51 on my two Sons, standing over them and praying for them. Mostly I pray that their 52 will be easy. Lately I’ve been thinking it’s time to change my prayer, 53 . I know my children are going to encounter 54 , and my praying is naive. There’s 55 a cold wind blowing somewhere.
36. A. friend B. neighbour C. teacher D. gardener
37. A. suit B. fit C. match D. adapt
38. A. out B. on C. to D. at
39. A. saving B. protecting C. earning D. making
40. A. attempt B. goal C. achievement D. honor
41. A. satisfying B. lazy C. alarming D. interesting
42. A. Once B. When C. If D. As
43. A. destroyed B. helped C. spoiled D. accelerated
44. A. branches B. stems C. leaves D. roots
45. A. tough B. rough C. stable D. fertile
46. A. apart from B. instead of C. regardless of D. except for
47. A. measure B. touch C. feel D. beat
48. A. by B. away C. on D. through
49. A. strong B. thick C. tender D. weak
50. A. stood B. trembled C. collapsed D. lay
51. A. check B. examined C. counted D. blamed
52. A. struggles B. studies C. lives D. sufferings
53. A. either B. otherwise C. though D. therefore
54. A. challenge B. opportunity C. hardship D. confusion
55. A. hardly B. seldom C. merely D. always
第II卷
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） （原创）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
56 (locate) at the National Martime Museum in Greenwich, Cutty Sark, one of the last tea ships in the world and now 57 award-winning tourist attraction, is celebrating its 150th anniversary this year.
Built in Dumbarton in 1869, Cutty Sark 58 (design) to carry tea from China to England as fast as possible. On February 16, 1870, Cutty Sark left London for Shanghai 59 her first voyage with "large amounts of wine, spirits and beer". It was on Oct 13, 1870 60 the ship arrived back in London with around 1,305,812 pounds of tea. This is the first journey the ship successfully made. Later, 61 the ship achieved was other seven voyages to China in pursuit of tea.
Cutty Sark Theatre will be hosting a series of 62 (perform) and events through 2019-2020, the purpose of 63 is to mark Cutty Sark's 150th anniversary. A special concert from the BBC Singers 64 (honour) Cutty Sark's place in history will be the start of this years’ celebrations. It is her many connections across the globe that make her a 65 (national) acknowledged treasure.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分） （原创）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim有意成为2022杭州亚运会的国际志愿者，向你咨询该作何准备，请你给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow, M.D. “Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”
“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking-related illness."
2019年高考模拟试卷英语参考答案与评分标准
(本卷除听力整合自三份浙江新高考模拟试卷，
完形填空及概要写作改编自给定材料外，
其他部分全部原创)
第一部分：
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10.B
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
第二部分：
21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. D
26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
31. B 32. A 33. D 34. G 35. E
第三部分：
36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A
46. B 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. C 54. C 55. D
56. Located 57. an 58. was designed
59. on 60. that 61. what
62. performances 63. which 64. to honour
65. nationally
第四部分：
见详解。
第I卷
第一部分 听力 (共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
1-5 CCAAB 6-10 BACBB
11-15 CABAC 16-20 CABBC
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5 分，满分25分)
A（原创）
文章来源：Reader’s Digest
Secret Millionaires Who Made Huge Donations After They Died | Reader's Digest https://www.rd.com/true-stories/inspiring/secret-millionaires-donations-after-died/
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了平凡的Sylvia，尽管失去丈夫，又只有一份普通的秘书工作，生活朴素，但去世时却向慈善机构捐赠了大笔财富的故事。平凡人做着不平凡的事，温暖了更多需要帮助的人。
21.D 细节理解题。
【解析】第一段讲述了Sylvia的基本情况，工作平凡，又失去了丈夫，平时都坐地铁出行等，且根据第一段最后一句Simply put, Lockshin didn’t want Aunt Sylvia to blow her budget on lunch可以推断，Jane认为Sylvia的经济状况一般所以不让她买单。
22.C 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第三段最后一句话but because of the selflessness and the humility behind it可知，David Garza高度赞赏Sylvia的无私和谦逊。A项Poor students will be funded by the money是事实而不是David Garza的观点；B项The gift is important because of nothing but the good can be done with it中nothing but表示仅仅，与原文不符；D项Jane Lockshin’s donation is thought highly of中主语应该换成Sylvia.
23.D 推理判断题。
【解析】根据文章最后一段的第一句话Sylvia Bloom’s story is indeed extraordinary, but it’s not as uncommon as you might think说明Sylvia的故事虽然不同寻常，但是并不是那么罕见。第二句话中的make headlines表示登上大字标题，表明类似的故事还有很多，因此接下来会讲述其他与Sylvia类似的平凡捐赠者的故事，所以选择D项。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇记叙文，话题为主题语境人与社会中的社会服务与人际沟通，故事内容真实温暖，传递正能量，有机渗透了正确的人生观和价值观。
在选取文本后对部分内容进行了整合和改写，改编后的文本共269词，话题紧扣社会公益事业，全文故事脉络清晰，层次分明，介绍了平凡的Sylvia，尽管失去丈夫，又只有一份普通的秘书工作，生活朴素，但去世时却向慈善机构捐赠了大笔财富的故事。平凡人Sylvia对社会做出了突出贡献。文章词汇难度适中，符合高中生阅读水平。
试题类型涵盖细节理解题和推理判断题，难度逐渐上升。学生在阅读文章的时候，在第一段中应该把握主人公Sylvia的基本生活概况，从第二段中了解Sylvia对于公益组织的贡献，在第三段中领会Sylvia的事迹对于其他人的启发和帮助，并从内容上推断第四段的功能和目的。第21、22两题考查事实细节，学生要在理解故事内容的基础上对文本信息进行加工处理，筛选正确答案。第23题是推理判断题，学生需要根据故事情节和最后一段的内容对下文进行合理推测。
本文不仅检测了学生的语言能力，并且体现了核心素养培养中的文化品格目标，Syliva的故事能激发学生的社会担当，从而积极参与社会活动，积极履行公民义务，对自我和他人负责。
B （原创）
文章来源：Reader’s Digest
The Fear of the Number 13 | Reader's Digest https://www.rd.com/culture/fear-of-number-13/
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于数字是13的畏惧。究其原因，既与宗教传说相关，也和古代文化有一定联系。
24.C 写作手法题。
【解析】第一段首先列举了人们普遍害怕的一些事物，由这一话题引出了对数字13的畏惧，并通过一些生活中的现象对人们是如何忌讳数字13的加以具体说明，由此引出下文。故选择C项。
25.D 猜测词义题。
【解析】根据该句意思，第十三位客人一到来，混乱和_____就开始了。由此可知，carnage是与chaos有相近的意思。“challenge”意为挑战，“confusion”表示迷惑，“amazement”用于形容吃惊，而“violence”表示暴力。由此可见，violence与之意思最为接近。
26.B 细节理解题。
【解析】A项“Judas betrayed Juses at the Last Supper”，第三段第二句提及犹大背叛耶稣，但并不是在最后的晚餐中。C项“In many modern cultures, 12 was regarded as a perfect number”出现在第四段的第三句话，原文是“In many ancient cultures”。D项“D.Scientists proved that the number 13 was flawed.”是对第三段话意思的误读。B项“Loki’s arrival brought about chaos during the meal”出现在第三段第四、五两句话，因此正确。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇议论文，话题紧扣主题语境人与社会中的历史、社会与文化，介绍了人们对数字13的畏惧的由来。为适应高中生阅读水平，在原文基础上对文本进行了改写和整合，改编之后文章共有296词，话题围绕不同民族的文化习俗，在西方社会，人们对于数字13是有所忌讳的，文章介绍了两个接受度最高的原因，一是与圣经中的最后的晚餐相关，第13个人的到来导致了悲剧；二是与古时人们计数习惯相关，12在计数上向来被视作完美的数字，13紧接着12，因此被认为不详。
试题类型涵盖写作手法题、猜测词义题和细节理解题，难度适中，考查学生对语篇内容和结构的综合理解。第24题是写作手法题，考查学生对于文章第一段功能的理解，学生应该在把握文章话题的基础上加以思考；第25题是猜测词义题，学生对于上文的chaos一词应理解掌握，并对最后的晚餐的故事有常识性的了解，由此对carnage一词的意思加以猜测；第26题是细节理解题，学生应准确定位文本信息，并对选项进行信息处理，筛选出符合文意的选项。
本文除了考查学生的语言能力目标外，还体现了核心素养中的思维品质目标，对于文本的结构和功能学生需要进行理性分析，并作出独立的判断。此外，对于本文中所呈现的对于数字13的畏惧的来由，也能在一定程度上激发培养学生的批判性思维，让学生敢于质疑，敢于提出新观点和新设想。
C （原创）
文章来源：《科学美国人》
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/out-of-the-way-human-delivery-robots-want-a-share-of-your-sidewalk/
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了配送机器人兴起的原因及其目前面临的挑战。
27. C 细节理解题。
【解析】本题问的是公司投资配送机器人的原因，应定位至文章第二段。根据第二段“...is regarded as an effective approach to solve the last mile delivery problem”， “cities could greatly reduce traffic jams”，“...could reduce last-mile delivery costs in cities by as much as 40 percent”三处信息可知，A，B，D均为原因。干扰项C出现在文章第三段中，此段主要讲配送机器人面临的挑战。故选C。
28. B 推理判断题。
【解析】本题问的是官员反对使用配送机器人的原因。根据第四段第三句“Additional challenges include perfecting the software that helps delivery robots avoid both still and moving objects as well as dealing with city officials who want to protect public spaces. ”可知，官员反对配送机器人主要是为了保护公共区域，由此可推断主要原因是他们担心行人的权利会被损害。
29. C 观点态度题。
【解析】本题问的是作者对配送机器人前景所持的态度。根据第五段第一句“Given these obstacles, sidewalk delivery robots are not necessarily destined to win the future.”可知，作者对配送机器人的未来持怀疑态度。
30. D 主旨大意题。
E. 【解析】本题问的是文章的最佳标题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二两段介绍了配送机器人的兴起及原因，第三、四两段介绍了配送机器人目前面临的挑战，第五段给出了作者的观点，因此文章的标题应为Delivery robots—Rise of new technology and the challenges。A、B选项以偏概全，C选项属于对文章的过度解读。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题为人与社会主题语境中的科学与技术类，围绕随科技发展而兴起的配送机器人（delivery robots）展开。
在文本改编时主要将文章重点内容进行了整合并适当改写。改编后的文本共342词，话题是近年来热门的科技类话题，结构清晰（首先介绍了配送机器人兴起的现象与原因，紧接着阐释了这一新兴科技面临的挑战，最后提出了总结性的观点），符合高三学生阅读难度。
试题类型涵盖细节理解题、推理判断题、观点态度题和主旨大意题，由易到难，难度逐渐上升；由部分到整体，考查从文章部分细节的理解到整篇文章主旨大意的把握。
学生在阅读该篇文章时，应抓住文章所要表达的关键信息，即配送机器人兴起的原因及其面临的挑战，因此试题27、28两题分别对学生在这两点上的信息解读进行了考查。试题29进一步考查了学生对深层信息的解读能力，明确作者的观点态度。试题30考查学生把握文章大意的能力，同时在选取最佳标题时应全面，不能以偏概全或过度解读。
除了对语言能力目标的检测外，本篇阅读还体现了核心素养培养中的思维品质目标。学生在对结构清晰的说明文的阅读中，能够提高逻辑思维能力，同时也能在该话题的阅读中，感受科技与社会发展的新趋势及面临的挑战，培养批判性与创新性思维能力。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） （原创）
文章来源：VOA
What is Healthy Sleep? 6 Sleep tips to better sleep_VOA健康报道
Health Report_VOA英语网 http://www.tingvoa.com/s/VOA-Special-English-Health-Report/201901/29763.html
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠对于人体健康的重要性。养成良好的习惯能促进睡眠。文章给出了几点建议，包括坚持履行睡眠时刻表、注意睡前饮食、及时处理烦心事等。
31. B
【解析】根据上文可知，平均来讲，成年人的最佳睡眠时长为七到九小时。下文举了一个例子，有些人睡八个小时觉得状态最好，而其他人则认为六到七小时的夜间睡眠和白天小憩也很不错。B项意为“但是这些需求具有个体差异”。
32. A
【解析】空格处为该段的小标题。根据下文可知，保持健康需要至少七小时的睡眠，但多于八小时也是没有必要的。每天起床和入睡要有固定的时间，工作日和周末的夜晚的入睡时差也应控制在一小时以内。因此整个段落都旨在说明固定睡眠时间的重要性，A项意为“坚持履行睡眠时刻表”。
33. D
【解析】根据上文可知，每天起床和入睡要有固定的时间，工作日和周末的夜晚的入睡时差也应控制在一小时以内。说明每天都应该起居有常。D项意为“保持规律一致的睡眠节奏能加强人体的生物钟”。
34. G
【解析】本段阐明了饮食对于睡眠的影响。上文提到睡觉的时候不要觉得饥饿或者过饱。下文又进一步说明不舒服的感觉会让你睡不着。所以中间应该也是与睡前不恰当饮食相关的内容。G项意为“尤其在睡前数小时应避免吃重口味的东西或者吃得太多”，与上下文衔接恰当。
35. E
【解析】本段说明了对烦恼忧愁的恰当管理有助于睡眠。划线处上文提到压力管理可能有助于睡眠。下文提到冥想也能缓解紧张焦虑。其中“also”提示压力管理的方法除了冥想之外，前面还提到了其他内容。而E项意为“从基础的开始，比如生活更有规律，设定优先级，委托要求等”。内容和信号词的衔接都自然流畅。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题围绕主题语境人与自我中的健康的生活方式，文章主要介绍了睡眠对于人体健康的重要性。养成良好的习惯能促进睡眠。文章给出了几点建议，包括坚持履行睡眠时刻表、注意睡前饮食、及时处理烦心事等。
在文本改编时根据出题需要对原文进行了删减、整合并适当改写，改编后的文本共282词。本文结构清晰，第一段提出了话题，突出了睡眠对健康的重要性以及人与人之间对睡眠的需求有差异；第二段承上启下，引出下文对于促进睡眠的几点建议；第三、四、五段分别列举了有助于睡眠的建议，包括有固定睡眠时间的习惯、关注睡前饮食、管理烦心事。文本难度适中，逻辑分明。
学生在阅读时，应理清文章的结构，把握每一段的关键信息，并且关注题目前后的一些信号词，包括副词、连词、代词等，同时在阅读选项时，也应特别留意与内容相关的关键词和与结构衔接相关的信号词。
本篇文章除了检测学生的语言能力之外，还对核心素养中的思维品质目标有所体现。学生需要调动自己的逻辑思维和辩证思维，在逻辑上达到归纳和演绎的统一，在方法上达到辩证分析和综合相结合。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我的邻居Dr. Gibbs喜欢种树，并且有一些有趣的方法，比如为了让树木根系长得更深而不浇水，为了引起树木的注意每天早上用卷起来的报纸击打它们。若干年后，我也种树，还经常浇水，可是Dr. Gibbs的树木长得粗壮，而我的却经不起寒风的摧残。由此我想到了对孩子的教育，他们也像树木一样，需要自己去承受生命的风雨洗礼。
36. B 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据下文中的“He never yelled at us for playing in his yard”以及我看他种树等可知，Dr. Gibbs就住在隔壁，是我的邻居。故选C。
37. C 考查动词辨析。
【解析】Dr. Gibbs很喜欢笑，他的微笑和他的旧帽子很搭。A项suit意为“（服装、颜色等）相配、合身”；B项fit意为“（形状和尺寸）适合，合身”；C项match意为“和…相配”；D项adapt意为“适应”。故选C。
38. D 考查介词搭配辨析。
【解析】yell at意为“朝...大喊”，符合语境。故选D。
39. A 考查动词辨析。
【解析】Dr. Gibbs是一名医生，因此他的工作职责是拯救生命。A项意为“救助，拯救”，符合语境。故选A。
40. B 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据上文可知，Dr. Gibbs很喜欢种树，他家占地十英亩，他的人生目标就是把家里变成一片树林。B项意为“目标”，符合语义。故选B。
41. D 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“He never watered his new trees”和“he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper”，Dr. Gibbs对于种树有自己的一套方法，如不浇水，用报纸打树，都相当有趣。D项意为“有趣的”，符合语境。故选D。
42. A 考查连词辨析。
【解析】B项、C项、D项为连词，不能单独成句；A项once意为“曾经”可用作副词，符合句法。故选A。
43. C 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“because watering made for shallow roots and actually deep ones are needed to search moisture”可知，浇水会使植物根系变浅，其实根扎得深才能获得水分，因此浇水会破坏根系的生长。C项意为“毁坏，破坏”，本题A项意为“摧毁”，过于绝对。故选C。
44. D 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“deep ones are needed to search moisture”可推断，植物需要扎得深的根系去寻找水分。故选D。
45. A 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“He never watered his new trees”可知，Dr. Gibbs秉承给树木营造艰苦的生长条件，让其自身更加茁壮的种植理念。A项意为“艰苦的”，符合语境。故选A。
46. B 考查短语辨析。
【解析】根据上文“He never watered his new trees”和下文“he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper”可知，代替每天早上给树浇水，Dr. Gibbs会用卷起来的报纸击打树木。B项意为“代替；作为…的替换”，符合语境。故选B。
47. D 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“with a rolled-up newspaper”和“to get the tree’s attention”可知，Dr. Gibbs是用卷起来的报纸在击打来“获得它的注意”。D项意为“敲打，击打”，故选D。
48. B 考查介词搭配辨析。
【解析】根据语境，Dr. Gibbs在我离开家几年后就去世了。B项pass away意为“去世”，符合语境。故选B。
49. A 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据“Every time I walk by his house, trees he planted years ago came into view”和上文Dr. Gibbs对种树的一套方法可知，他之前种的树现在已经很高大健壮了。A项意为“强壮的，强健的”，故选A。
50. B 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“watered them a lot”和“only to find”可推断，我给树浇水太多，却不耐寒风的考验。A项意为“站立”，B项意为“颤抖”，C项意为“（建筑物）倒塌”，D项意为“平躺”。根据语境，我种的树不经寒风，在风中瑟瑟发抖。故选B。
51. A 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据语境可知，每天睡前，我都会检查我的两个儿子是否一切安好。A项意为“核实，检查（是否一切正常）”，故选A。
52. C 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据语境和常识可知，大多数时候，我都祈祷孩子们生活舒适安逸。故选C。
53. C 考查副词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“Mostly I pray that their lives will be easy”和“Lately I’ve been thinking it’s time to change my prayer”可知，前后意思转折，“though”放在句末，意为“可是，不过”。故选C。
54. C 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据上下文和语境可知，我知道我的孩子们将来会遇到困难，我的祈祷是幼稚的。C项意为“困苦，困难”，符合语义。故选C。
55. D 考查副词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“I know my children are going to encounter hardship”可知，生活中总会有风风雨雨。D项意为“总是”，符合语境。故选D。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇记叙文，话题为人与自我主题语境下生活与学习，围绕我的邻居Dr. Gibbs种树展开，故事有趣而富有哲思。
在文本改编时主要将文章内容进行了适当删减、整合和改写。改编后的文本共286词，词汇难度中等。试题主要考查学生对于文章内容的理解和词汇的使用和搭配，其中考查学生名词辨析的有5题——第36、40、44、52、54题；考查学生动词辨析的有6题——第37、39、43、47、50、51题；考查学生形容词辨析的共有3题——41、45、49题；考查学生对介词的辨析的共有2题——第38、48题；考查学生副词的共2题——第53、55题；考查学生连词的1题——第42题；考查学生短语的1题——第46题。考查的词汇类型全面，难易程度分布恰当，对学生的综合语言能力要求较高。
本篇完形填空除了对核心素养培养中语言能力目标的检测外，还体现了渗透了文化品格的培养，本文中作者从种树的心得中联想到了对孩子的培养，要以人为本，关心人的生存和发展，遵循自然发展规律，透露着深深的哲思和人文情怀。
第II卷
第四部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） （原创）
文章来源：China Daily
http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201902/19/WS5c6b76e9a3106c65c34ea1b9.html
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现存在世的最古老帆船卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark）。她最初是为了从中国运回茶叶来设计建造的，距今已有150年的历史，现已成为一个旅游景点。文章主要介绍了她的第一次航行与150周年的庆祝活动。
答案解析：
56. Located 考查非谓语动词。
【解析】表示某物位于某地时，应用be located in/at结构，故填Located。
57. an 考查冠词。
【解析】Cutty Sark是一个获奖的旅游景点，故填不定冠词an。
58. was designed 考查谓语动词。
【解析】这艘船是被设计来携带茶叶的，应用被动语态；且整篇文章的时态为一般过去时，故填was designed。
59. on 考查介词。
【解析】表示在她的首次航行中，应用on the first voyage，故填on。
60. that 考查特殊句式。
【解析】本句为强调句，强调时间，因此应该用It is...that...句型，故填that。
61. what 考查名词性从句。
【解析】该句为主语从句，且从句中缺主语，故填what。
62. performances 考查词性变化。
【解析】所在空需填入一个名词，再因为performance表示表演时是可数名词，故填performances。
63. which 考查定语从句。
【解析】先行词为events，且关系词在介词之后，故填which。
64. to honour 考查非谓语动词。
【解析】逻辑主语为a special concert, 且动作未发生，其目的是为了纪念Cutty Sark在历史上的地位，因此应用to do表目的，故填to honour。
65. nationally 考查副词。
【解析】此处修饰acknowledged，指全国公认的珍宝，故用nationally。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题为人与社会话题语境下的历史、社会与文化类，介绍了现存在世的最古老帆船卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark）的第一次航行与150周年庆祝活动。
试题56、64两处考查了非谓语动词的用法，57考查了冠词，58考查了谓语动词，59考查了介词，60考查了强调句，61考查了名词性从句，62考查词性变化，63考查定语从句，65考查副词。涵盖了高中英语语法学习中的重点内容，针对重难点非谓语动词及从句，进行了重点考查。词性变化考查中像performance这样当表示不同词义时，可数与不可数用法不一样的名词是考查的重点。试题强调了学生对于语法知识的理解，能够灵活运用，而不是机械记忆。
试题除体现核心素养语言能力中的语法目标外，也通过试题文本加强对学生文化品格的培养。学生在阅读完成试题的同时也能扩宽知识面，了解最古老的帆船及其用途，认识这一英国历史瑰宝。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分） （原创）
【写作指导】
审题： 人称：第一人称为主，第二人称为辅
时态：一般现在时为主，一般将来时为辅
提纲：
开头句: ① Glad to know you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games, I’m writing to offer some conducive suggestions.
② Having known you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou
Asian Games, I can’t wait to offer my personal suggestions.
文章主体：(提出建议的句型+要点的适当拓展)
① I highly recommend that you (should) do …
② I strongly advise/suggest that you (should) do …
③ It is highly recommended/advisable that you (should) do …
④ You might / may as well do …
⑤ Were I you, I would do…
⑥ I feel it necessary for you to do …
⑦ It is of great necessity/vital importance to do ...
⑧ Why not do ……?
⑨ You’d better (not) do…….
结尾句: ① Looking forward to meeting you then!
② I can’t wait to hear your good news!
③ May you succeed!
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
Glad to know you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games, I’m writing to offer some conducive suggestions.
Firstly, it’s of great necessity to equip yourself with adequate knowledge of the event. Moreover, fluent spoken Chinese is also an advantage, which can distinguish you from other candidates. Additionally, you’re highly recommended to visit Hangzhou to get a deeper insight into it.
I’m firmly convinced your enthusiasm and determination will contribute to your competitiveness. Looking forward to your good news!
Yours,
Li Hua
【命题思路】
项目
卷别
写作文体
命题类型
主题
2018年11月
求助信
半开放类
人与社会：钱包遗失，向机场寻求帮助
2018年6月
申请信
半开放类
人与自我：应聘英语协会志愿者
2017年11月
邀请信
半开放类
人与社会：邀请外教来家过春节
2017年6月
电子邮件(邀请信)
半开放类
人与社会：邀请外国朋友参加郊游
通过对近两年四次应用文写作的试题分析，发现高考应用文主要考查的文体为书信类(含电子邮件)，倾向于求助信、申请信、邀请信等，交际性、应用性强。写作形式均为半开放式，汉语提示简洁，要点明确，任务具体，学生的可发挥性强。写作话题主要建立在人与社会语境下，贴近学生生活实际，场景性和真实性突出，着重跨文化交际。
结合今年高考应用文命题方式与英语学科核心素养的要求，本卷中的应用文文体为建议信，写作形式为半开放式，建议部分留给学生自由发挥的空间较大，写作话题结合了跨文化交际与2022杭州亚运会，让学生在写作中既能运用中外交流相关知识，激发成为志愿者准备图式，又能增强民族自豪感。体现素养目标培养中的语言能力与文化品格目标。
【评分标准】
一、评分原则
1、本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言表达，初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定其档次，最后给分。
3、词数少于60或多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4、评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
（13-15）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—覆盖所有内容要点。
—应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
—语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具有较强的语言应用能力。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档
（10-12）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉1、2个内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
—语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因为尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档
（7-9）
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖主要内容。
—应用的语法结构或词汇能满足任务的要求。
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档
（4-6）
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
—漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档
（1-3）
未能完成试题规定的任务。
—明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
—较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
信息未能传达给读者。
0
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
三、 该题具体要求
（一） 内容要求
你的美国朋友Jim有意成为2022杭州亚运会的国际志愿者，向你咨询该作何准备，请你给他写一封回信。要点如下：
1. 写信目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
（二） 应用词汇和语法结构的情况
时态以一般现在为主；
使用与主题相关的词汇；
能够使用恰当的语法结构。
（三） 上下文的连贯性
按照内容要点展开写作，使用恰当的连接词或表达法使文章内容连贯。
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
【写作指导】
文章话题：电子烟（e-cigarettes）会促使青少年开始抽烟
文章结构：直线型
要点
段落
可能用到的词汇
Study result:
研究表明，电子烟会促使青少年开始抽烟
Para. 1
indicate, show
exposure, experience
trigger, contribute to, lead to
Study methodology：
研究人员比较了有无电子烟体验的两类学生的初次抽烟时间
Para. 2
compare,
tobacco use initiation
nonusers
Data collection and analysis:
数据表明吸食过电子烟的学生会明显更容易开始吸烟
Para. 3
show, reveal
a significant increase of smoking tendency
a positive correlation between ...
Chances are that ...
Study implication and suggestions：
社会应持续关注青少年的吸烟模式及电子烟可能带来的危害
Paras. 4-5
pay attention to
... shouldn’t be neglected
exert detrimental effects
bring potential risks
One possible version:
As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens.(要点一) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e-cigarettes. (要点四) (71 words)
【命题思路】：
原材料主要是针对一项对电子烟的调查研究展开，因此改编思路是按照调查研究的步骤对文本内容进行了整合与适当改写，改编后文本结构为直线型，具体如下：
Para.1 Study result
Para.2 Study methodology
Para.3 Data collection and analysis
Paras.4-5 Study implication and suggestions
改编后的文本结构清晰，要点明确，有助于考生逻辑思维能力的培养。同时，在写作中要求学生在理解基础上，准确且恰当地改写要点内容，运用适当的衔接词或连接法对要点内容进行有效的逻辑连接，考查了学生的综合语言运用能力。
【评分标准】：
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3) 上下文的连贯性；
(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
（21-25）
—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。
第四档
（16-20）
—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。
—所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档
（11-15）
—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。
—所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。
—出现两句以上抄自原文现象。
第二档
（6-10）
—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。
—有些语法和结构方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第一档
（1-5）
—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
—多个句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、内容太少无法批判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
三、该题具体要求
（一）内容要求
四个要点分别为：
1. 研究结果 （电子烟会促使青少年开始抽烟）
2. 研究方法 （比较有无电子烟体验的两类学生的初次抽烟时间）
3. 数据收集与分析 （数据表明吸食过电子烟的学生会明显更容易开始吸烟）
4. 启示与建议 （社会应持续关注青少年的吸烟模式及电子烟可能带来的危害）
（二）应用词汇和语法结构的情况
使用与主题相关的词汇；
能够使用恰当的语法结构；
能够使用准确且简洁的词汇与结构。
（三）上下文的连贯性
按照要点展开写作，各要点间使用恰当的连接词或表达法，使文章内容连贯。
听力部分录音稿
(Text 1) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: Can you fix a date for us to meet with Nick? I can manage the twelfth, fourteenth or fifteenth. W: Right, but Nick would be away until May the fourteenth, so it’ll have to be the following day.
(Text 2) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: What’s the problem?
W: Could you tell me how I can copy this document into this disk? I’ve been trying on this computer for ages but I can’t seem to do it.
(Text 3)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
M: I'm really excited about the film. The reviews say there’s even more action than in the first three. It's kind of terrifying.
W: They say it’s just as funny in parts, too. I believe we’ll have a few laughs.
(Text 4)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Tim, have you seen my umbrella? The one I bought at the supermarket last week.
M: Oops, I must have left it at my office, sorry. I'll bring it home on Monday.
W: OK. I'll pick up another umbrella today.
(Text 5)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Do they fit?
M: Yes, they feel fine.
W: Walk around the shop and check if they’re OK. There's a mirror over there. How do they feel?
M: OK, but perhaps the left one is a little small.
(Text 6) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: How many times have I told you not to take files home with you?
W: No, I didn’t, John. I left them just where you told me and…
M: But they are not here on this computer desk. Where’ve they gone? They can’t have got up and walked away.
W:Wait a minute.Sally was still here when I left. You know how she’s always tidying things away. Right, just as I thought, she put them here beside this fax machine.
(Text 7)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Did you watch Football Academy last night? Only two weeks to go until the final.
M: I didn’t see it because I went to bed. I was too tired to stay up and watch it. I wish they’d repeat it like they do with so many other programs.
W: I know what you mean. I love those shows---seeing people improving ---and I get to know new things too. I love guessing who's going to be sent home each week.
M: I like being able to phone up and vote. It makes you think a lot more and you can pick up tips from the judges.
(Text 8) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
W: Hello Karl! I haven’t seen you since we both went to university.
M: Good to see you, Laura. I’m just back home for a few days.
W: Me too. How are you finding it studying in a foreign country?
M: I had to find my own accommodation, although the university was very helpful and gave me a list of apartments so it wasn’t that hard. The language isn’t a problem because my course is taught in English. But understanding the other students’ jokes isn’t easy!
W: Sounds like fun, though! Well, I’ve been in City University London for two years. I’m really
concentrating on my studies at the moment because I’ve got an important essay to write.
Have you thought about what you’ll do after your university course finishes?
M: I haven’t made up my mind actually.
W: You must feel lonely sometimes abroad.I thought I’d love the freedom of being away from
home, but it can be hard.
M: Well, it’s normal to feel like that. Why don’t you come and visit me when you can afford it?
W: I’m really curious to see what it’s like at your university. I’ve got more than enough studying to do at the moment, though, I’m afraid.
(Text 9) （来源：镇海中学2018届高三5月全真模拟测试）
W: What’s so funny, dear?
M: Look here! A small country town in Australia decides to change its name for a month.
W: Really? Just for a month? Why?
M: For road safety. The town is called Speed, in the countryside of Victoria. Now, the people living there want to change it into Speed Kills. They hope the drivers passing the town will slow down a bit when they see the road sign.
W: That sounds like a really good idea, doesn’t it?
M: Mmm. The idea was put forward by the Victoria Transport Accident Office. It soon won over 45 people in Speed. They even made a video which has already become a hit on the Internet!
W: It’s interesting to see what will happen then.
M: A local farmer called Phil Down wants to change his name, too. He’ll be called Phil Slow Down. He wishes the idea would catch on around the world.
W: I hope it works well.
(Text 10) （来源：镇海中学2018届高三5月全真模拟测试）
Thank you for calling Global Cinema. For film information and times, press 1. To make a booking, press 2. To speak to an operator, press 3.
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These are the films for today, Tuesday the 7th.
In Room 1, Don’t Open The Door. A group of college students decide to rent a house in the mountains for a relaxing weekend break. But they aren’t the only guests on the mountain... one by one, they start to disappear. Who or what is outside the house? Showing at 4:30, 7 o’clock, and 9 o’clock.
In Room 2, Ships In The Night. Maggie breaks up with her boyfriend and decides to take a holiday on a ship to help her forget him. Tony is a waiter on the ship and he is very unhappy when his girlfriend leaves him to marry the captain. Together, they find a way to forget their problems. Showing at 5 o’clock, 7:45, and 10 o’clock.
In Room 3, Streetmatch— The Return, the second film of French director Jean-Luc Ducroix. Two American teenagers buy an old car, and with a lot of hard work and after a lot of problems, they enter their car into the Streetmatch competition. But is their car good enough to win? Showing at 5:50, 8:30, and 11:45.
2019年高考模拟试卷英语卷
答题纸
姓名:________________________
条 码 粘 贴 处
准考证号
[来源:学科网]
[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
缺考标记/违纪标记：考生禁填！由监考老师负责用黑色字迹的签字笔填涂。
缺考标记：
违纪标记：
注意事项
1. 答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚。
2. 请将准考证条码粘贴在右侧的[条码粘贴处]的方框内。
3. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。
4. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。
5. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、刮纸刀。
填涂样例
有效填涂
无效填涂
第一部分 非主观题（请用2B铅笔填涂）
36 [A] [B] [C] [D]
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] [C] [D]
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31 [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G]
32 [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G]
33 [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G]
34 [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G]
35 [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] [G]
26 [A] [B] [C] [D]
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30 [A] [B] [C] [D]
16 [A] [B] [C]
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20 [A] [B] [C]
1 [A] [B] [C]
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21 [A] [B] [C] [D]
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15 [A] [B] [C]
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
第二节：（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56．_____________ 57．_____________ 58．_____________ 59．_____________ 60．_____________
61．_____________ 62．_____________ 63．_____________ 64．_____________ 65．____________
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
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第二节 概要写作（25分）
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请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分
第I卷
第一部分 听力 (共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节 (共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例:
How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15.
B. £9.18.
C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. When will the man meet with Nick?
A. On May 12th. B. On May 14th. C. On May 15th.
2. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Get her a disk. B. Repair a computer. C. Help to deal with a document.
3. What does the woman think the film will be like?
A. Amusing. B. Terrifying. C. Exciting.
4. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At home. B. At a supermarket. C. At the man’s office.
5. What is the man doing?
A. Taking a walk. B. Trying on shoes. C. Buying some clothes.
第二节 (共15小题； 每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What relation is Sally to the woman?
A. Her sister. B. Her co-worker. C. Her mother.
7. Where are the files?
A. Next to a fax machine. B. On a computer desk. C. On the man’s desk.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. Why didn’t the man watch Football Academy last night?
A. He had no time. B. He disliked the judges. C. He was too tired.
9. What does the man wish?
A. He had watched Football Academy.
B. Football Academy would be broadcast again.
C. Other programs would replace Football Academy.
10. What do the speakers agree about Football Academy?
A. The program is too boring and tiring.
B. Viewers can learn something from the program.
C. The program should be shown at an earlier time.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the man find hard to do?
A. Do the course in English.
B. Find his accommodation.
C. Understand other students’ jokes.
12. What is the woman busy doing?
A. Writing an essay. B. Looking for a job. C. Preparing for an exam.
13. Why won’t the woman visit the man’s university?
A. She has no interest in it.
B. She doesn’t have time.
C. She can’t afford the trip.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. What is the man probably doing?
A. Reading a newspaper. B. Playing a video game. C. Driving in the country.
15. Why does the town decide to change its name for a month?
A. To attract more tourists.
B. To be famous on the Internet.
C. To call drivers’ attention to safety.
16. Who suggested the idea of changing the name of the town?
A. A local farmer. B. A transport company. C. A government department.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where is the talk being given?
A. On the phone. B. At the cinema. C. In the classroom.
18. How does the film in Room 1 seem to be?
A. Boring. B. Frightening. C. Relaxing.
19. When is the film in Room 2 showing for the last time today?
A. 9:00. B. 10:00. C. 11:45.
20. Which of the following films is shown in Room 3?
A. Ships In The Night. B. Don’t Open The Door. C. Streetmatch — The Return.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5 分，满分25分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A （原创）
Whenever Jane Lockshin went out to lunch with her elderly aunt Sylvia, she would offer to pay the bill. After all, Sylvia Bloom was a modest secretary, who lost her beloved husband more than a decade ago. She lived alone in a one-bedroom Brooklyn apartment and took the subway everywhere, including to her job at a Manhattan law firm. She worked there— full-time— until she was 96. Simply put, Lockshin didn’t want Aunt Sylvia to blow her budget on lunch.
So when Bloom died in 2016, at 97, it was something of a shock to discover that she’d left behind a multi million-dollar estate. Almost as shocking: She had chosen to give $8.2 million to charity. Six million dollars went to educational programs at the Henry Street Settlement, a social services organization in New York City. An additional $2 million went to scholarship funds, including at Bloom’s alma mater, Hunter College. “She had millions,” says Lockshin, “and no one suspected it.”
Bloom’s bequest to the Settlement, the largest in its 126-year history, will help fund a program for disadvantaged students. “The gift has been transformative not just because of the good we’ll be able to do with it,” says David Garza, the agency’s executive director, “but because of the selflessness and the humility behind it.”
Sylvia Bloom’s story is indeed extraordinary, but it’s not as uncommon as you might think. Working-class benefactors—secretaries, teachers, janitors, and more—make headlines with awe-inspiring regularity.
21. Why did Jane offer to pay the bill according to paragraph 1?
A. Because her aunt lost her husband.
B. Because her aunt refused to pay it herself.
C. Because her aunt lived alone and was a secretary.
D. Because she thought her aunt didn’t have much money.
22. What does David Garza’s words mean?
A. Poor students will be funded by the money.
B. The gift is important because of nothing but the good can be done with it.
C. It is the devotion and modesty behind it that makes the gift extraordinary.
D. Jane Lockshin’s donation is thought highly of.
23. What might the following paragraph talk about?
A. The way the money was spent.
B. The way Sylvia saved so much money.
C. The inspiration Jane got from the story.
D. The story of other donors like Sylvia.
B （原创）
There are plenty of common fears that, even if we don’t have them ourselves, we totally understand: spiders, heights, creepy clowns. And then there’s fear of the number 13. It’s a number just like any other, and yet there are horror movies about it; some buildings intentionally have no 13th floor and plenty of couples avoid getting married on the 13th of the month.
What makes this number so scary? Well, there’s no single reason behind the widespread fear. Historians have pinpointed a few potential reasons for 13’s prevalence as an unlucky number.
The most popular theory about the origin of fear of the number 13 is connected with the Bible: there were 13 diners at the Last Supper. The 13th to arrive was Judas, who betrayed Jesus. In Norse mythology（神话）, too, a table of 13 proved unlucky. According to one of the myths, the primary 12 gods were dining together peacefully until the god of evil Loki showed up. As soon as this 13th guest arrived, chaos and carnage followed. The superstition（迷信） that a table of 13 diners spells bad news even made its way into Harry Potter.
On its own, there are no problems with the number itself. It’s 13’s proximity to the number 12 that makes it look bad, according to scientists and mathematicians. In many ancient cultures, 12 was considered to be a perfect number. Civilizations as far back as ancient Sumer based their systems of telling time around the number 12. There are 12 hours on a clock and 12 months in a year. As the number immediately following this “perfect” one, 13 seemed flawed, inspiring unease throughout the ancient world.
24. The first paragraph is intended to _______.
A. attract readers’ attention on fear
B. offer background information
C. introduce the topic of the passage
D. put forward an opinion
25. The underlined word “carnage” in paragraph 3 can be replaced by ______.
A. challenge
B. confusion
C. amazement
D. violence
26. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Judas betrayed Juses at the Last Supper.
B. Loki’s arrival brought about chaos during the meal.
C. In many modern cultures, 12 was regarded as a perfect number.
D. Scientists proved that the number 13 was flawed.
C （原创）
Earlier this year six Amazon delivery robots were introduced in a trial program in Snohomish County, Washington. The boxy machines, which resemble six-wheeled coolers, carry meals, groceries and packages to homes and offices.
As a growing number of citizens expect immediate or scheduled delivery for just about everything, such services are fast developing, which is regarded as an effective approach to solve the last mile delivery problem. By shifting the delivery vehicles from roads to the sidewalk, cities could greatly reduce traffic jams. But companies like Amazon are not developing this delivery technology simply to clear up urban traffic. Self-driving vehicles and sidewalk robots could reduce last-mile delivery costs in cities by as much as 40 percent, according to a 2018 report.
To gain public trust, these machines must demonstrate they can safely and quietly share pedestrian spaces. “It’s actually really hard to move on crowded sidewalks and not bump into people,” says Renia Ehrenfeucht, chair of the Community and Regional Planning Department at The University of New Mexico.
Sidewalk robots may also face disruptions to their own routines, including curious bystanders blocking their paths and thieves looking to grab a package on route. “I do think the largest problem is going to be malevolent(恶意的) behavior toward these things,” says Mary Cummings, director of the Humans and Autonomy Lab at Duke University. Additional challenges include perfecting the software that helps delivery robots avoid both still and moving objects as well as dealing with city officials who want to protect public spaces. For example, San Francisco, home to delivery start-ups such as DoorDash and Postmates, put a ban in 2017 on autonomous deliveries by sidewalk robots and has only slowly opened the door for companies seeking permits. Other U.S. communities have regulated where such robots can go and how they must behave.
Given these obstacles, sidewalk delivery robots are not necessarily destined to win the future. A 2016 McKinsey report pointed out old-fashioned bicycles remain the most cost-competitive choice for many last-mile deliveries. (342 words)
27. Which of the following is not a reason for companies to invest in delivery robots?
A. To ease the traffic pressure.
B. To reduce the last-mile delivery costs.
C. To gain public trust.
D. To offer citizens immediate delivery.
28. Why do city officials oppose the use of delivery robots?
A. They worry that goods on delivery robots will be grabbed.
B. They worry that the rights of pedestrians will be violated.
C. They worry that curious onlookers will block the way.
D. They think the software for delivery robots is inadequate.
29. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of delivery robots?
A. hopeful
B. pessimistic
C. doubtful
D. indifferent
30. What is the best title for the text?
A. Delivery robots—A revolutionary step
B. Delivery robots—An effective approach to traffic jams
C. Delivery robots—A sidewalk-blocking nightmare
D. Delivery robots—Rise of new technology and the challenges
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） （原创）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sleep is vital to your physical and mental health. On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep each night. 31 For example, some people feel best with eight continuous hours of sleep, while others do well with six to seven hours at night and daytime napping.
While you might not be able to control some factors that interfere with your sleep,you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these simple tips.
32
Set aside no more than eight hours for sleep. The recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult is at least seven hours. Most people don't need more than eight hours in bed to achieve this goal. Go to bed and get up at the same time every day. Try to limit the difference in your sleep schedule on weeknights and weekends to no more than one hour. 33
Pay attention to what you eat and drink
Don't go to bed hungry or stuffed. 34 Your discomfort might keep you up. Nicotine, caffeine and alcohol deserve caution, too. The stimulating effects of nicotine and caffeine take hours to wear off and can wreak havoc on quality sleep. And even though alcohol might make you feel sleepy, it can disrupt sleep later in the night.
Manage worries
Try to resolve your worries or concerns before bedtime. Note down what's on your mind and then set it aside for tomorrow. Stress management might help. 35 Meditation can also ease anxiety. In fact, nearly everyone has an occasional sleepless night—but if you often have trouble sleeping, contact your doctor. Identifying and treating any underlying causes can help you get the better sleep you deserve.
A. Stick to a sleep schedule.
B. But those needs vary individually.
C. Include physical activity in your daily routine.
D. Being consistent reinforces your body's sleep-wake cycle.
E. Start with the basics, such as getting organized, setting priorities and delegating asks.
F. It can be hard to measure your sleep patterns against those of the people around you.
G. In particular, avoid heavy or large meals within a couple of hours of bedtime.
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
When I was growing up, I had an old 36 named Dr. Gibbs. I remembered he smiled a lot, a smile that 37 his hat old and well worn. He never yelled 38 us for playing in his yard.
When Dr. Gibbs wasn’t 39 lives, he was planting trees. His house sat on ten acres, and his life’s 40 was to make it a forest.
The good doctor had some 41 theories concerning planting. He never watered his new trees. 42 I asked why. He said watering plants 43 them because watering made for shallow 44 and actually deep ones are needed to search moisture. Moreover, if you water them, each successive tree generation will grow weaker. So you have to make things 45 for them.
He’d plant an oak, and 46 watering it every morning, he’d 47 it with a rolled-up newspaper, in his words, to get the tree’s attention.
Dr. Gibbs passed 48 a couple of years after I left home. Every time I walk by his house, trees he planted years ago came into view, which are 49 now.
I planted a couple of trees several years ago and watered them a lot, only to find they 50 in blowing cold winds. Every night before I go to bed, I 51 on my two Sons, standing over them and praying for them. Mostly I pray that their 52 will be easy. Lately I’ve been thinking it’s time to change my prayer, 53 . I know my children are going to encounter 54 , and my praying is naive. There’s 55 a cold wind blowing somewhere.
36. A. friend B. neighbour C. teacher D. gardener
37. A. suit B. fit C. match D. adapt
38. A. out B. on C. to D. at
39. A. saving B. protecting C. earning D. making
40. A. attempt B. goal C. achievement D. honor
41. A. satisfying B. lazy C. alarming D. interesting
42. A. Once B. When C. If D. As
43. A. destroyed B. helped C. spoiled D. accelerated
44. A. branches B. stems C. leaves D. roots
45. A. tough B. rough C. stable D. fertile
46. A. apart from B. instead of C. regardless of D. except for
47. A. measure B. touch C. feel D. beat
48. A. by B. away C. on D. through
49. A. strong B. thick C. tender D. weak
50. A. stood B. trembled C. collapsed D. lay
51. A. check B. examined C. counted D. blamed
52. A. struggles B. studies C. lives D. sufferings
53. A. either B. otherwise C. though D. therefore
54. A. challenge B. opportunity C. hardship D. confusion
55. A. hardly B. seldom C. merely D. always
第II卷
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） （原创）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
56 (locate) at the National Martime Museum in Greenwich, Cutty Sark, one of the last tea ships in the world and now 57 award-winning tourist attraction, is celebrating its 150th anniversary this year.
Built in Dumbarton in 1869, Cutty Sark 58 (design) to carry tea from China to England as fast as possible. On February 16, 1870, Cutty Sark left London for Shanghai 59 her first voyage with "large amounts of wine, spirits and beer". It was on Oct 13, 1870 60 the ship arrived back in London with around 1,305,812 pounds of tea. This is the first journey the ship successfully made. Later, 61 the ship achieved was other seven voyages to China in pursuit of tea.
Cutty Sark Theatre will be hosting a series of 62 (perform) and events through 2019-2020, the purpose of 63 is to mark Cutty Sark's 150th anniversary. A special concert from the BBC Singers 64 (honour) Cutty Sark's place in history will be the start of this years’ celebrations. It is her many connections across the globe that make her a 65 (national) acknowledged treasure.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分） （原创）
假定你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim有意成为2022杭州亚运会的国际志愿者，向你咨询该作何准备，请你给他写一封回信。内容包括：
1. 写信目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Students who have used electronic cigarettes by the time they start ninth grade are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes and other tobacco products within the next year, according to a new study funded by the National Institutes of Health. Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, deliver nicotine to the lungs by heating a liquid solution that contains nicotine and other chemicals to produce a spray that the user takes in.
As part of a survey of substance use and mental health among high school students in Los Angeles, the study compared the start of tobacco use among 222 students who had used e-cigarettes, but not any other tobacco products, and 2,308 who had neither used e-cigarettes or any other tobacco products when initially surveyed at the start of ninth grade. The 2,530 students who initially reported never using tobacco underwent follow-up assessments after six and 12 months. Students were asked about lifetime and past six-month use of e-cigarettes or any other forms of tobacco products.
During the first six months after being surveyed, 30.7 percent of those who had used e-cigarettes started using tobacco products, such as cigarettes, and cigars, compared to only 8.1 percent of those who had never used e-cigarettes. Over the following six months leading into the start of 10th grade, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users had used tobacco products, compared to just 9.3 percent of nonusers.
“While teen tobacco use has fallen in recent years, this study confirms that we should continue to closely watch teen smoking patterns,” said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow, M.D. “Parents and teens should recognize that although e-cigarettes might not have the same harmful effects of regular cigarettes, they do carry a risk of addiction.”
“Recreational e-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study. “While we cannot conclude that e-cigarette use directly leads to smoking, this research raises concerns that recent increases in youth e-cigarette use could ultimately lead to the spread of smoking-related illness."
2019年高考模拟试卷英语参考答案与评分标准
(本卷除听力整合自三份浙江新高考模拟试卷，
完形填空及概要写作改编自给定材料外，
其他部分全部原创)
第一部分：
1. C 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B
6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10.B
11. C 12. A 13. B 14. A 15. C
16. C 17. A 18. B 19. B 20. C
第二部分：
21. D 22. C 23. D 24. C 25. D
26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. D
31. B 32. A 33. D 34. G 35. E
第三部分：
36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. D 42. A 43. C 44. D 45. A
46. B 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. B
51. A 52. C 53. C 54. C 55. D
56. Located 57. an 58. was designed
59. on 60. that 61. what
62. performances 63. which 64. to honour
65. nationally
第四部分：
见详解。
第I卷
第一部分 听力 (共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
1-5 CCAAB 6-10 BACBB
11-15 CABAC 16-20 CABBC
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分35分)
第一节 (共10小题；每小题2.5 分，满分25分)
A（原创）
文章来源：Reader’s Digest
Secret Millionaires Who Made Huge Donations After They Died | Reader's Digest https://www.rd.com/true-stories/inspiring/secret-millionaires-donations-after-died/
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了平凡的Sylvia，尽管失去丈夫，又只有一份普通的秘书工作，生活朴素，但去世时却向慈善机构捐赠了大笔财富的故事。平凡人做着不平凡的事，温暖了更多需要帮助的人。
21.D 细节理解题。
【解析】第一段讲述了Sylvia的基本情况，工作平凡，又失去了丈夫，平时都坐地铁出行等，且根据第一段最后一句Simply put, Lockshin didn’t want Aunt Sylvia to blow her budget on lunch可以推断，Jane认为Sylvia的经济状况一般所以不让她买单。
22.C 细节理解题。
【解析】根据第三段最后一句话but because of the selflessness and the humility behind it可知，David Garza高度赞赏Sylvia的无私和谦逊。A项Poor students will be funded by the money是事实而不是David Garza的观点；B项The gift is important because of nothing but the good can be done with it中nothing but表示仅仅，与原文不符；D项Jane Lockshin’s donation is thought highly of中主语应该换成Sylvia.
23.D 推理判断题。
【解析】根据文章最后一段的第一句话Sylvia Bloom’s story is indeed extraordinary, but it’s not as uncommon as you might think说明Sylvia的故事虽然不同寻常，但是并不是那么罕见。第二句话中的make headlines表示登上大字标题，表明类似的故事还有很多，因此接下来会讲述其他与Sylvia类似的平凡捐赠者的故事，所以选择D项。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇记叙文，话题为主题语境人与社会中的社会服务与人际沟通，故事内容真实温暖，传递正能量，有机渗透了正确的人生观和价值观。
在选取文本后对部分内容进行了整合和改写，改编后的文本共269词，话题紧扣社会公益事业，全文故事脉络清晰，层次分明，介绍了平凡的Sylvia，尽管失去丈夫，又只有一份普通的秘书工作，生活朴素，但去世时却向慈善机构捐赠了大笔财富的故事。平凡人Sylvia对社会做出了突出贡献。文章词汇难度适中，符合高中生阅读水平。
试题类型涵盖细节理解题和推理判断题，难度逐渐上升。学生在阅读文章的时候，在第一段中应该把握主人公Sylvia的基本生活概况，从第二段中了解Sylvia对于公益组织的贡献，在第三段中领会Sylvia的事迹对于其他人的启发和帮助，并从内容上推断第四段的功能和目的。第21、22两题考查事实细节，学生要在理解故事内容的基础上对文本信息进行加工处理，筛选正确答案。第23题是推理判断题，学生需要根据故事情节和最后一段的内容对下文进行合理推测。
本文不仅检测了学生的语言能力，并且体现了核心素养培养中的文化品格目标，Syliva的故事能激发学生的社会担当，从而积极参与社会活动，积极履行公民义务，对自我和他人负责。
B （原创）
文章来源：Reader’s Digest
The Fear of the Number 13 | Reader's Digest https://www.rd.com/culture/fear-of-number-13/
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文，主要介绍了人们对于数字是13的畏惧。究其原因，既与宗教传说相关，也和古代文化有一定联系。
24.C 写作手法题。
【解析】第一段首先列举了人们普遍害怕的一些事物，由这一话题引出了对数字13的畏惧，并通过一些生活中的现象对人们是如何忌讳数字13的加以具体说明，由此引出下文。故选择C项。
25.D 猜测词义题。
【解析】根据该句意思，第十三位客人一到来，混乱和_____就开始了。由此可知，carnage是与chaos有相近的意思。“challenge”意为挑战，“confusion”表示迷惑，“amazement”用于形容吃惊，而“violence”表示暴力。由此可见，violence与之意思最为接近。
26.B 细节理解题。
【解析】A项“Judas betrayed Juses at the Last Supper”，第三段第二句提及犹大背叛耶稣，但并不是在最后的晚餐中。C项“In many modern cultures, 12 was regarded as a perfect number”出现在第四段的第三句话，原文是“In many ancient cultures”。D项“D.Scientists proved that the number 13 was flawed.”是对第三段话意思的误读。B项“Loki’s arrival brought about chaos during the meal”出现在第三段第四、五两句话，因此正确。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇议论文，话题紧扣主题语境人与社会中的历史、社会与文化，介绍了人们对数字13的畏惧的由来。为适应高中生阅读水平，在原文基础上对文本进行了改写和整合，改编之后文章共有296词，话题围绕不同民族的文化习俗，在西方社会，人们对于数字13是有所忌讳的，文章介绍了两个接受度最高的原因，一是与圣经中的最后的晚餐相关，第13个人的到来导致了悲剧；二是与古时人们计数习惯相关，12在计数上向来被视作完美的数字，13紧接着12，因此被认为不详。
试题类型涵盖写作手法题、猜测词义题和细节理解题，难度适中，考查学生对语篇内容和结构的综合理解。第24题是写作手法题，考查学生对于文章第一段功能的理解，学生应该在把握文章话题的基础上加以思考；第25题是猜测词义题，学生对于上文的chaos一词应理解掌握，并对最后的晚餐的故事有常识性的了解，由此对carnage一词的意思加以猜测；第26题是细节理解题，学生应准确定位文本信息，并对选项进行信息处理，筛选出符合文意的选项。
本文除了考查学生的语言能力目标外，还体现了核心素养中的思维品质目标，对于文本的结构和功能学生需要进行理性分析，并作出独立的判断。此外，对于本文中所呈现的对于数字13的畏惧的来由，也能在一定程度上激发培养学生的批判性思维，让学生敢于质疑，敢于提出新观点和新设想。
C （原创）
文章来源：《科学美国人》
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/out-of-the-way-human-delivery-robots-want-a-share-of-your-sidewalk/
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了配送机器人兴起的原因及其目前面临的挑战。
27. C 细节理解题。
【解析】本题问的是公司投资配送机器人的原因，应定位至文章第二段。根据第二段“...is regarded as an effective approach to solve the last mile delivery problem”， “cities could greatly reduce traffic jams”，“...could reduce last-mile delivery costs in cities by as much as 40 percent”三处信息可知，A，B，D均为原因。干扰项C出现在文章第三段中，此段主要讲配送机器人面临的挑战。故选C。
28. B 推理判断题。
【解析】本题问的是官员反对使用配送机器人的原因。根据第四段第三句“Additional challenges include perfecting the software that helps delivery robots avoid both still and moving objects as well as dealing with city officials who want to protect public spaces. ”可知，官员反对配送机器人主要是为了保护公共区域，由此可推断主要原因是他们担心行人的权利会被损害。
29. C 观点态度题。
【解析】本题问的是作者对配送机器人前景所持的态度。根据第五段第一句“Given these obstacles, sidewalk delivery robots are not necessarily destined to win the future.”可知，作者对配送机器人的未来持怀疑态度。
30. D 主旨大意题。
E. 【解析】本题问的是文章的最佳标题。通读全文可知，文章第一、二两段介绍了配送机器人的兴起及原因，第三、四两段介绍了配送机器人目前面临的挑战，第五段给出了作者的观点，因此文章的标题应为Delivery robots—Rise of new technology and the challenges。A、B选项以偏概全，C选项属于对文章的过度解读。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题为人与社会主题语境中的科学与技术类，围绕随科技发展而兴起的配送机器人（delivery robots）展开。
在文本改编时主要将文章重点内容进行了整合并适当改写。改编后的文本共342词，话题是近年来热门的科技类话题，结构清晰（首先介绍了配送机器人兴起的现象与原因，紧接着阐释了这一新兴科技面临的挑战，最后提出了总结性的观点），符合高三学生阅读难度。
试题类型涵盖细节理解题、推理判断题、观点态度题和主旨大意题，由易到难，难度逐渐上升；由部分到整体，考查从文章部分细节的理解到整篇文章主旨大意的把握。
学生在阅读该篇文章时，应抓住文章所要表达的关键信息，即配送机器人兴起的原因及其面临的挑战，因此试题27、28两题分别对学生在这两点上的信息解读进行了考查。试题29进一步考查了学生对深层信息的解读能力，明确作者的观点态度。试题30考查学生把握文章大意的能力，同时在选取最佳标题时应全面，不能以偏概全或过度解读。
除了对语言能力目标的检测外，本篇阅读还体现了核心素养培养中的思维品质目标。学生在对结构清晰的说明文的阅读中，能够提高逻辑思维能力，同时也能在该话题的阅读中，感受科技与社会发展的新趋势及面临的挑战，培养批判性与创新性思维能力。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） （原创）
文章来源：VOA
What is Healthy Sleep? 6 Sleep tips to better sleep_VOA健康报道
Health Report_VOA英语网 http://www.tingvoa.com/s/VOA-Special-English-Health-Report/201901/29763.html
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了睡眠对于人体健康的重要性。养成良好的习惯能促进睡眠。文章给出了几点建议，包括坚持履行睡眠时刻表、注意睡前饮食、及时处理烦心事等。
31. B
【解析】根据上文可知，平均来讲，成年人的最佳睡眠时长为七到九小时。下文举了一个例子，有些人睡八个小时觉得状态最好，而其他人则认为六到七小时的夜间睡眠和白天小憩也很不错。B项意为“但是这些需求具有个体差异”。
32. A
【解析】空格处为该段的小标题。根据下文可知，保持健康需要至少七小时的睡眠，但多于八小时也是没有必要的。每天起床和入睡要有固定的时间，工作日和周末的夜晚的入睡时差也应控制在一小时以内。因此整个段落都旨在说明固定睡眠时间的重要性，A项意为“坚持履行睡眠时刻表”。
33. D
【解析】根据上文可知，每天起床和入睡要有固定的时间，工作日和周末的夜晚的入睡时差也应控制在一小时以内。说明每天都应该起居有常。D项意为“保持规律一致的睡眠节奏能加强人体的生物钟”。
34. G
【解析】本段阐明了饮食对于睡眠的影响。上文提到睡觉的时候不要觉得饥饿或者过饱。下文又进一步说明不舒服的感觉会让你睡不着。所以中间应该也是与睡前不恰当饮食相关的内容。G项意为“尤其在睡前数小时应避免吃重口味的东西或者吃得太多”，与上下文衔接恰当。
35. E
【解析】本段说明了对烦恼忧愁的恰当管理有助于睡眠。划线处上文提到压力管理可能有助于睡眠。下文提到冥想也能缓解紧张焦虑。其中“also”提示压力管理的方法除了冥想之外，前面还提到了其他内容。而E项意为“从基础的开始，比如生活更有规律，设定优先级，委托要求等”。内容和信号词的衔接都自然流畅。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题围绕主题语境人与自我中的健康的生活方式，文章主要介绍了睡眠对于人体健康的重要性。养成良好的习惯能促进睡眠。文章给出了几点建议，包括坚持履行睡眠时刻表、注意睡前饮食、及时处理烦心事等。
在文本改编时根据出题需要对原文进行了删减、整合并适当改写，改编后的文本共282词。本文结构清晰，第一段提出了话题，突出了睡眠对健康的重要性以及人与人之间对睡眠的需求有差异；第二段承上启下，引出下文对于促进睡眠的几点建议；第三、四、五段分别列举了有助于睡眠的建议，包括有固定睡眠时间的习惯、关注睡前饮食、管理烦心事。文本难度适中，逻辑分明。
学生在阅读时，应理清文章的结构，把握每一段的关键信息，并且关注题目前后的一些信号词，包括副词、连词、代词等，同时在阅读选项时，也应特别留意与内容相关的关键词和与结构衔接相关的信号词。
本篇文章除了检测学生的语言能力之外，还对核心素养中的思维品质目标有所体现。学生需要调动自己的逻辑思维和辩证思维，在逻辑上达到归纳和演绎的统一，在方法上达到辩证分析和综合相结合。
第三部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了我的邻居Dr. Gibbs喜欢种树，并且有一些有趣的方法，比如为了让树木根系长得更深而不浇水，为了引起树木的注意每天早上用卷起来的报纸击打它们。若干年后，我也种树，还经常浇水，可是Dr. Gibbs的树木长得粗壮，而我的却经不起寒风的摧残。由此我想到了对孩子的教育，他们也像树木一样，需要自己去承受生命的风雨洗礼。
36. B 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据下文中的“He never yelled at us for playing in his yard”以及我看他种树等可知，Dr. Gibbs就住在隔壁，是我的邻居。故选C。
37. C 考查动词辨析。
【解析】Dr. Gibbs很喜欢笑，他的微笑和他的旧帽子很搭。A项suit意为“（服装、颜色等）相配、合身”；B项fit意为“（形状和尺寸）适合，合身”；C项match意为“和…相配”；D项adapt意为“适应”。故选C。
38. D 考查介词搭配辨析。
【解析】yell at意为“朝...大喊”，符合语境。故选D。
39. A 考查动词辨析。
【解析】Dr. Gibbs是一名医生，因此他的工作职责是拯救生命。A项意为“救助，拯救”，符合语境。故选A。
40. B 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据上文可知，Dr. Gibbs很喜欢种树，他家占地十英亩，他的人生目标就是把家里变成一片树林。B项意为“目标”，符合语义。故选B。
41. D 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“He never watered his new trees”和“he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper”，Dr. Gibbs对于种树有自己的一套方法，如不浇水，用报纸打树，都相当有趣。D项意为“有趣的”，符合语境。故选D。
42. A 考查连词辨析。
【解析】B项、C项、D项为连词，不能单独成句；A项once意为“曾经”可用作副词，符合句法。故选A。
43. C 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“because watering made for shallow roots and actually deep ones are needed to search moisture”可知，浇水会使植物根系变浅，其实根扎得深才能获得水分，因此浇水会破坏根系的生长。C项意为“毁坏，破坏”，本题A项意为“摧毁”，过于绝对。故选C。
44. D 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“deep ones are needed to search moisture”可推断，植物需要扎得深的根系去寻找水分。故选D。
45. A 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“He never watered his new trees”可知，Dr. Gibbs秉承给树木营造艰苦的生长条件，让其自身更加茁壮的种植理念。A项意为“艰苦的”，符合语境。故选A。
46. B 考查短语辨析。
【解析】根据上文“He never watered his new trees”和下文“he’d beat it with a rolled-up newspaper”可知，代替每天早上给树浇水，Dr. Gibbs会用卷起来的报纸击打树木。B项意为“代替；作为…的替换”，符合语境。故选B。
47. D 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据下文“with a rolled-up newspaper”和“to get the tree’s attention”可知，Dr. Gibbs是用卷起来的报纸在击打来“获得它的注意”。D项意为“敲打，击打”，故选D。
48. B 考查介词搭配辨析。
【解析】根据语境，Dr. Gibbs在我离开家几年后就去世了。B项pass away意为“去世”，符合语境。故选B。
49. A 考查形容词辨析。
【解析】根据“Every time I walk by his house, trees he planted years ago came into view”和上文Dr. Gibbs对种树的一套方法可知，他之前种的树现在已经很高大健壮了。A项意为“强壮的，强健的”，故选A。
50. B 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“watered them a lot”和“only to find”可推断，我给树浇水太多，却不耐寒风的考验。A项意为“站立”，B项意为“颤抖”，C项意为“（建筑物）倒塌”，D项意为“平躺”。根据语境，我种的树不经寒风，在风中瑟瑟发抖。故选B。
51. A 考查动词辨析。
【解析】根据语境可知，每天睡前，我都会检查我的两个儿子是否一切安好。A项意为“核实，检查（是否一切正常）”，故选A。
52. C 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据语境和常识可知，大多数时候，我都祈祷孩子们生活舒适安逸。故选C。
53. C 考查副词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“Mostly I pray that their lives will be easy”和“Lately I’ve been thinking it’s time to change my prayer”可知，前后意思转折，“though”放在句末，意为“可是，不过”。故选C。
54. C 考查名词辨析。
【解析】根据上下文和语境可知，我知道我的孩子们将来会遇到困难，我的祈祷是幼稚的。C项意为“困苦，困难”，符合语义。故选C。
55. D 考查副词辨析。
【解析】根据上文“I know my children are going to encounter hardship”可知，生活中总会有风风雨雨。D项意为“总是”，符合语境。故选D。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇记叙文，话题为人与自我主题语境下生活与学习，围绕我的邻居Dr. Gibbs种树展开，故事有趣而富有哲思。
在文本改编时主要将文章内容进行了适当删减、整合和改写。改编后的文本共286词，词汇难度中等。试题主要考查学生对于文章内容的理解和词汇的使用和搭配，其中考查学生名词辨析的有5题——第36、40、44、52、54题；考查学生动词辨析的有6题——第37、39、43、47、50、51题；考查学生形容词辨析的共有3题——41、45、49题；考查学生对介词的辨析的共有2题——第38、48题；考查学生副词的共2题——第53、55题；考查学生连词的1题——第42题；考查学生短语的1题——第46题。考查的词汇类型全面，难易程度分布恰当，对学生的综合语言能力要求较高。
本篇完形填空除了对核心素养培养中语言能力目标的检测外，还体现了渗透了文化品格的培养，本文中作者从种树的心得中联想到了对孩子的培养，要以人为本，关心人的生存和发展，遵循自然发展规律，透露着深深的哲思和人文情怀。
第II卷
第四部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） （原创）
文章来源：China Daily
http://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201902/19/WS5c6b76e9a3106c65c34ea1b9.html
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现存在世的最古老帆船卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark）。她最初是为了从中国运回茶叶来设计建造的，距今已有150年的历史，现已成为一个旅游景点。文章主要介绍了她的第一次航行与150周年的庆祝活动。
答案解析：
56. Located 考查非谓语动词。
【解析】表示某物位于某地时，应用be located in/at结构，故填Located。
57. an 考查冠词。
【解析】Cutty Sark是一个获奖的旅游景点，故填不定冠词an。
58. was designed 考查谓语动词。
【解析】这艘船是被设计来携带茶叶的，应用被动语态；且整篇文章的时态为一般过去时，故填was designed。
59. on 考查介词。
【解析】表示在她的首次航行中，应用on the first voyage，故填on。
60. that 考查特殊句式。
【解析】本句为强调句，强调时间，因此应该用It is...that...句型，故填that。
61. what 考查名词性从句。
【解析】该句为主语从句，且从句中缺主语，故填what。
62. performances 考查词性变化。
【解析】所在空需填入一个名词，再因为performance表示表演时是可数名词，故填performances。
63. which 考查定语从句。
【解析】先行词为events，且关系词在介词之后，故填which。
64. to honour 考查非谓语动词。
【解析】逻辑主语为a special concert, 且动作未发生，其目的是为了纪念Cutty Sark在历史上的地位，因此应用to do表目的，故填to honour。
65. nationally 考查副词。
【解析】此处修饰acknowledged，指全国公认的珍宝，故用nationally。
【命题思路】
本文是一篇说明文，话题为人与社会话题语境下的历史、社会与文化类，介绍了现存在世的最古老帆船卡蒂萨克号（Cutty Sark）的第一次航行与150周年庆祝活动。
试题56、64两处考查了非谓语动词的用法，57考查了冠词，58考查了谓语动词，59考查了介词，60考查了强调句，61考查了名词性从句，62考查词性变化，63考查定语从句，65考查副词。涵盖了高中英语语法学习中的重点内容，针对重难点非谓语动词及从句，进行了重点考查。词性变化考查中像performance这样当表示不同词义时，可数与不可数用法不一样的名词是考查的重点。试题强调了学生对于语法知识的理解，能够灵活运用，而不是机械记忆。
试题除体现核心素养语言能力中的语法目标外，也通过试题文本加强对学生文化品格的培养。学生在阅读完成试题的同时也能扩宽知识面，了解最古老的帆船及其用途，认识这一英国历史瑰宝。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分） （原创）
【写作指导】
审题： 人称：第一人称为主，第二人称为辅
时态：一般现在时为主，一般将来时为辅
提纲：
开头句: ① Glad to know you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games, I’m writing to offer some conducive suggestions.
② Having known you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou
Asian Games, I can’t wait to offer my personal suggestions.
文章主体：(提出建议的句型+要点的适当拓展)
① I highly recommend that you (should) do …
② I strongly advise/suggest that you (should) do …
③ It is highly recommended/advisable that you (should) do …
④ You might / may as well do …
⑤ Were I you, I would do…
⑥ I feel it necessary for you to do …
⑦ It is of great necessity/vital importance to do ...
⑧ Why not do ……?
⑨ You’d better (not) do…….
结尾句: ① Looking forward to meeting you then!
② I can’t wait to hear your good news!
③ May you succeed!
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
Glad to know you intend to be a volunteer of the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games, I’m writing to offer some conducive suggestions.
Firstly, it’s of great necessity to equip yourself with adequate knowledge of the event. Moreover, fluent spoken Chinese is also an advantage, which can distinguish you from other candidates. Additionally, you’re highly recommended to visit Hangzhou to get a deeper insight into it.
I’m firmly convinced your enthusiasm and determination will contribute to your competitiveness. Looking forward to your good news!
Yours,
Li Hua
【命题思路】
项目
卷别
写作文体
命题类型
主题
2018年11月
求助信
半开放类
人与社会：钱包遗失，向机场寻求帮助
2018年6月
申请信
半开放类
人与自我：应聘英语协会志愿者
2017年11月
邀请信
半开放类
人与社会：邀请外教来家过春节
2017年6月
电子邮件(邀请信)
半开放类
人与社会：邀请外国朋友参加郊游
通过对近两年四次应用文写作的试题分析，发现高考应用文主要考查的文体为书信类(含电子邮件)，倾向于求助信、申请信、邀请信等，交际性、应用性强。写作形式均为半开放式，汉语提示简洁，要点明确，任务具体，学生的可发挥性强。写作话题主要建立在人与社会语境下，贴近学生生活实际，场景性和真实性突出，着重跨文化交际。
结合今年高考应用文命题方式与英语学科核心素养的要求，本卷中的应用文文体为建议信，写作形式为半开放式，建议部分留给学生自由发挥的空间较大，写作话题结合了跨文化交际与2022杭州亚运会，让学生在写作中既能运用中外交流相关知识，激发成为志愿者准备图式，又能增强民族自豪感。体现素养目标培养中的语言能力与文化品格目标。
【评分标准】
一、评分原则
1、本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
2、评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言表达，初步确定其档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定其档次，最后给分。
3、词数少于60或多于100的，从总分中减去2分。
4、评分时，应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。
5、拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。
6、如书写较差，以致影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
（13-15）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—覆盖所有内容要点。
—应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。
—语法结构或词汇方面有少许错误，但为尽量使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致；具有较强的语言应用能力。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档
（10-12）
完全完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉1、2个内容,但覆盖所有主要内容。
—应用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的要求。
—语法结构和词汇方面应用基本准确，些许错误主要是因为尝试较复杂语法结构或词汇所致。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。
达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档
（7-9）
基本完成了试题规定的任务。
—虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖主要内容。
—应用的语法结构或词汇能满足任务的要求。
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，但不影响理解。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使全文内容连贯。
整体而言，基本达到了预期的写作目的。
第二档
（4-6）
未恰当完成试题规定的任务。
—漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
—有一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响了对写作内容的理解。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，内容缺少连贯性。
信息未能清楚地传达给读者。
第一档
（1-3）
未能完成试题规定的任务。
—明显遗漏主要内容，写了一些无关内容，原因可能是未理解试题要求。
—语法结构单调，词汇项目有限。
—较多语法结构或词汇方面的错误，影响对写作内容的理解。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，内容不连贯。
信息未能传达给读者。
0
未能传达给读者任何信息：内容太少，无法评判；写的内容均与所要求内容无关或所写内容无法看清。
三、 该题具体要求
（一） 内容要求
你的美国朋友Jim有意成为2022杭州亚运会的国际志愿者，向你咨询该作何准备，请你给他写一封回信。要点如下：
1. 写信目的；
2. 你的建议；
3. 表达祝愿。
（二） 应用词汇和语法结构的情况
时态以一般现在为主；
使用与主题相关的词汇；
能够使用恰当的语法结构。
（三） 上下文的连贯性
按照内容要点展开写作，使用恰当的连接词或表达法使文章内容连贯。
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
【写作指导】
文章话题：电子烟（e-cigarettes）会促使青少年开始抽烟
文章结构：直线型
要点
段落
可能用到的词汇
Study result:
研究表明，电子烟会促使青少年开始抽烟
Para. 1
indicate, show
exposure, experience
trigger, contribute to, lead to
Study methodology：
研究人员比较了有无电子烟体验的两类学生的初次抽烟时间
Para. 2
compare,
tobacco use initiation
nonusers
Data collection and analysis:
数据表明吸食过电子烟的学生会明显更容易开始吸烟
Para. 3
show, reveal
a significant increase of smoking tendency
a positive correlation between ...
Chances are that ...
Study implication and suggestions：
社会应持续关注青少年的吸烟模式及电子烟可能带来的危害
Paras. 4-5
pay attention to
... shouldn’t be neglected
exert detrimental effects
bring potential risks
One possible version:
As indicated in a new study, early exposure to e-cigarettes may trigger tobacco smoking in teens.(要点一) Comparison of tobacco use initiation between students with e-cigarettes experiences and those nonusers has been made, the result of which reveals a significant increase of smoking tendency in the former. (要点二、三) With the prevalence of e-cigarettes, it’s worth paying attention to teens’ smoking patterns and considering the detrimental effects possibly exerted by e-cigarettes. (要点四) (71 words)
【命题思路】：
原材料主要是针对一项对电子烟的调查研究展开，因此改编思路是按照调查研究的步骤对文本内容进行了整合与适当改写，改编后文本结构为直线型，具体如下：
Para.1 Study result
Para.2 Study methodology
Para.3 Data collection and analysis
Paras.4-5 Study implication and suggestions
改编后的文本结构清晰，要点明确，有助于考生逻辑思维能力的培养。同时，在写作中要求学生在理解基础上，准确且恰当地改写要点内容，运用适当的衔接词或连接法对要点内容进行有效的逻辑连接，考查了学生的综合语言运用能力。
【评分标准】：
一、评分原则
1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：
(1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；
(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；
(3) 上下文的连贯性；
(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
档次
描述
第五档
（21-25）
—理解准确，涵盖全部要点。
—能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。
—有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—完全使用自己的语言。
第四档
（16-20）
—理解准确，涵盖绝大部分要点。
—所使用语法结构和词汇可能有些许错误，但完全不影响意义表达。
—比较有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。
—有个别整句抄自原文。
第三档
（11-15）
—理解较为准确，涵盖大部分要点。
—所使用的语法结构和词汇虽有些许错误，但不影响意义表达。
—应用简单的语句间连接成分，使上下文内容连贯。
—出现两句以上抄自原文现象。
第二档
（6-10）
—理解有误差，仅涵盖半数要点。
—有些语法和结构方面的错误，影响了意义的表达。
—较少使用语句间的连接成分，全文内容缺少连贯性。
—出现两句以上整句抄自原文现象。
第一档
（1-5）
—没有理解原文，造成概要内容与原文主题不符。
—有较多语法结构和词汇方面的错误，严重影响了意义的表达。
—缺乏语句间的连接成分，全文内容不连贯。
—多个句子抄自原文。
0
白卷、内容太少无法批判或所写内容与所提供内容无关。
三、该题具体要求
（一）内容要求
四个要点分别为：
1. 研究结果 （电子烟会促使青少年开始抽烟）
2. 研究方法 （比较有无电子烟体验的两类学生的初次抽烟时间）
3. 数据收集与分析 （数据表明吸食过电子烟的学生会明显更容易开始吸烟）
4. 启示与建议 （社会应持续关注青少年的吸烟模式及电子烟可能带来的危害）
（二）应用词汇和语法结构的情况
使用与主题相关的词汇；
能够使用恰当的语法结构；
能够使用准确且简洁的词汇与结构。
（三）上下文的连贯性
按照要点展开写作，各要点间使用恰当的连接词或表达法，使文章内容连贯。
听力部分录音稿
(Text 1) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: Can you fix a date for us to meet with Nick? I can manage the twelfth, fourteenth or fifteenth. W: Right, but Nick would be away until May the fourteenth, so it’ll have to be the following day.
(Text 2) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: What’s the problem?
W: Could you tell me how I can copy this document into this disk? I’ve been trying on this computer for ages but I can’t seem to do it.
(Text 3)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
M: I'm really excited about the film. The reviews say there’s even more action than in the first three. It's kind of terrifying.
W: They say it’s just as funny in parts, too. I believe we’ll have a few laughs.
(Text 4)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Tim, have you seen my umbrella? The one I bought at the supermarket last week.
M: Oops, I must have left it at my office, sorry. I'll bring it home on Monday.
W: OK. I'll pick up another umbrella today.
(Text 5)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Do they fit?
M: Yes, they feel fine.
W: Walk around the shop and check if they’re OK. There's a mirror over there. How do they feel?
M: OK, but perhaps the left one is a little small.
(Text 6) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
M: How many times have I told you not to take files home with you?
W: No, I didn’t, John. I left them just where you told me and…
M: But they are not here on this computer desk. Where’ve they gone? They can’t have got up and walked away.
W:Wait a minute.Sally was still here when I left. You know how she’s always tidying things away. Right, just as I thought, she put them here beside this fax machine.
(Text 7)（来源：浙江省浙南名校联盟2019届高三上学期期末考试英语试题）
W: Did you watch Football Academy last night? Only two weeks to go until the final.
M: I didn’t see it because I went to bed. I was too tired to stay up and watch it. I wish they’d repeat it like they do with so many other programs.
W: I know what you mean. I love those shows---seeing people improving ---and I get to know new things too. I love guessing who's going to be sent home each week.
M: I like being able to phone up and vote. It makes you think a lot more and you can pick up tips from the judges.
(Text 8) （来源：杭州高级中学2018年高考英语仿真测试）
W: Hello Karl! I haven’t seen you since we both went to university.
M: Good to see you, Laura. I’m just back home for a few days.
W: Me too. How are you finding it studying in a foreign country?
M: I had to find my own accommodation, although the university was very helpful and gave me a list of apartments so it wasn’t that hard. The language isn’t a problem because my course is taught in English. But understanding the other students’ jokes isn’t easy!
W: Sounds like fun, though! Well, I’ve been in City University London for two years. I’m really
concentrating on my studies at the moment because I’ve got an important essay to write.
Have you thought about what you’ll do after your university course finishes?
M: I haven’t made up my mind actually.
W: You must feel lonely sometimes abroad.I thought I’d love the freedom of being away from
home, but it can be hard.
M: Well, it’s normal to feel like that. Why don’t you come and visit me when you can afford it?
W: I’m really curious to see what it’s like at your university. I’ve got more than enough studying to do at the moment, though, I’m afraid.
(Text 9) （来源：镇海中学2018届高三5月全真模拟测试）
W: What’s so funny, dear?
M: Look here! A small country town in Australia decides to change its name for a month.
W: Really? Just for a month? Why?
M: For road safety. The town is called Speed, in the countryside of Victoria. Now, the people living there want to change it into Speed Kills. They hope the drivers passing the town will slow down a bit when they see the road sign.
W: That sounds like a really good idea, doesn’t it?
M: Mmm. The idea was put forward by the Victoria Transport Accident Office. It soon won over 45 people in Speed. They even made a video which has already become a hit on the Internet!
W: It’s interesting to see what will happen then.
M: A local farmer called Phil Down wants to change his name, too. He’ll be called Phil Slow Down. He wishes the idea would catch on around the world.
W: I hope it works well.
(Text 10) （来源：镇海中学2018届高三5月全真模拟测试）
Thank you for calling Global Cinema. For film information and times, press 1. To make a booking, press 2. To speak to an operator, press 3.
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These are the films for today, Tuesday the 7th.
In Room 1, Don’t Open The Door. A group of college students decide to rent a house in the mountains for a relaxing weekend break. But they aren’t the only guests on the mountain... one by one, they start to disappear. Who or what is outside the house? Showing at 4:30, 7 o’clock, and 9 o’clock.
In Room 2, Ships In The Night. Maggie breaks up with her boyfriend and decides to take a holiday on a ship to help her forget him. Tony is a waiter on the ship and he is very unhappy when his girlfriend leaves him to marry the captain. Together, they find a way to forget their problems. Showing at 5 o’clock, 7:45, and 10 o’clock.
In Room 3, Streetmatch— The Return, the second film of French director Jean-Luc Ducroix. Two American teenagers buy an old car, and with a lot of hard work and after a lot of problems, they enter their car into the Streetmatch competition. But is their car good enough to win? Showing at 5:50, 8:30, and 11:45.
2019年高考模拟试卷英语卷
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4. 请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。
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填涂样例
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第一部分 非主观题（请用2B铅笔填涂）
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请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
第二节：（10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
56．_____________ 57．_____________ 58．_____________ 59．_____________ 60．_____________
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请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
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第二节 概要写作（25分）
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请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效
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