2019届浙江省杭州市高考命题比赛模拟（二）英语试卷（word版）

2019年高考模拟试卷英语卷
考试时间：120分钟 满分：150分
选择题部分
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15 B. £9.18 C. £9.15
答案是C.
1. What was the weather like yesterday?
A. It's sunny. B. It's cloudy. C. It's rainy.
2. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Waiter and customer. C. Teacher and student.
3. How old is the man’s daughter?
A. 20. B. 30. C. 50.
4. What job will Jason do?
A. Finish the man’s work. B. Take Simon’s position. C. Go on a business trip.
5. What does the woman mean?
A. They liked the camera. B. They lack money. C. They will buy a new one.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel?
A. Annoyed. B. Interested. C. Worried.
7. What sport is the man playing?
A. Football. B. Badminton. C. Basketball.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where does this conversation probably take place?
A. At a teacher’s office. B. At a bookstore. C. At a library.
9. What will the woman do next?
A. Read world history. B. Reserve a copy. C. Wait for a call.
听第8段材料，回答第10 到12题。
10. What does the woman plan to do?
A. Buy an apartment. B. Rent an apartment. C. Move to Hong Kong.
11. What do we know about Lakeview Drive?
A. It’s the man’s home address.
B. It’s near the woman’s workplace.
C. The rent price there is expensive.
12. How did the woman use to go to work?
A. On foot. B. By car. C. By bus.
听第9段材料，回答第13到16题。
13. Who is Mrs. Watson?
A. A journalist. B. An amateur runner. C. A professional runner.
14. Why did the woman start to run?
A. To have fun. B. To lose weight. C. To win prizes.
15. How often does the woman practise running?
A. Every day. B. Every week. C. Every other day.
16. Where most probably are the speakers talking?
A. At a TV station. B. At the woman’s house. C. At the race start point
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How did the Mayans enjoy chocolate?
A. As a snack. B. As a drink. C. As a medicine.
18. Who invented the name “chocolate”?
A. The Spanish. B. The British. C. The Swiss.
19. What do we know about Daniel Peter?
A. He brought chocolate back to Europe.
B. He first created the way of eating chocolate.
C. He improved chocolate taste by adding milk.
20. What can the visitors find at the chocolate tasting bar?
A. Hot chocolate drinks.
B. Photos of Daniel Peter.
C. Chocolate gift boxes.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）
第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
It was the early morning of August 5, 1888, and her husband was still sleeping. She left a note for her husband on the table, saying that she and their two sons, Eugene and Richard, had already left to visit Pforzheim, Germany, 90 kilometers away. She purposely didn’t mention her means of transportation. It wasn’t until Carl Benz checked the workshop in his factory that he realized his family hadn’t taken the train. His new invention was gone.
Bertha had just committed the world’s first car theft. Her husband was a brilliant engineer who had designed the world’s first automobile in 1885. However, without sharp business mind, his product wasn’t going anywhere. Bertha understood what every modern business knows: marketing a product requires different skills than designing one. To provide a proof that the vehicle was reliable and could also master long-distance routes, she intended to drive with the motor from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show what it could do.
Once the three hit the road, they had to conquer novel problems. At 2.5 horsepower, they could not climb steep slopes without pushing it from behind. Going downhill, the car burnt out the brake shoes. Bertha stopped off at a cobbler(修鞋匠) and asked him to equip the brake shoes with a leather lining. In so doing, Bertha Benz became the inventor of brake lining. The fuel amount was also underestimated. Bertha made her first fuel purchase at the Stadtapotheke, where the store still proudly displays a sign of being the first gas station in the world.
Following the “first shock”, as written in his memoirs, Carl felt an inner pride in his wife’s daring “test drive”. And sales soon stepped up with the spread of Bertha’s daring trip. Today, drivers can still experience this part of Mercedes-Benz success story along the Bertha Benz Memorial Route between Mannheim and Pforzheim, just as the first woman driver did.
21. What’s the purpose of Bertha’s secret road trip?
A. To save money on long-distance train fares.
B. To teach children how to drive automobiles.
C. To prove the performance of Carl’s invention.
D. To apply the knowledge of modern business.
22. What does the underlined word “novel” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Slight
B. Common
C. Additional
D. Unexpected
23. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. A Pioneering Undertaking.
B. A Regrettable Crime.
C. A Surprising Discovery.
D. A Creative Design.

原创。Source: https://www.annmarieackermann.com/bertha-benz-worlds-first-car-theft/

B
Michele Gentile, who founded the Ex Libris Cafe bookshop in Polla, a small town near Salerno of southern Italy, is offering free books to schoolchildren who bring him one plastic bottle and one aluminum can to recycle.
The books being donated to local schools are the so-called "pending" or "suspended" books ("libri sospesi" in Italian), a concept introduced by Gentile a few years ago. The phrase comes from the "suspended coffee", a local tradition born during World War II, when people would buy two coffees, one for themselves and the other one as a gift for the next needy customers who walk into the bar. Similarly, Ex Libris customers can buy one book and leave the second one "suspended" for whomever needs it.
The idea of exchanging plastic and metal for books occurred to Gentile while he noticed a huge pile of metallic waste left on a field. "It was worth at least 300 to 400 euros, enough to pay for a middle school kid's book fees for a year," he said. "So, I talked to a local school, and they organized an aluminum collection. Results were extraordinary, about 500 euros in two days." With the money he earned from the recycling center, Gentile bought books for a whole class.
The first successful attempt later turned out to be a well-received program involving villagers and schools all across the region, and its influence even reached northern Italy, where children from Bordighera sent him 23 bottles and 23 cans to recycle. “My goal is to spread the passion and love for books among those people in Italy who do not usually read while at the time helping the environment,” said the young bookseller. “I hope such an act becomes so popular that it affects the whole country.”
24. What do we know about “suspended books”?
A. They can be bought from Gentile’s shop.
B. They came into being during World War II.
C. They are gifts for those who buy two coffees.
D. They aim to help schoolchildren in need.
25. According to paragraph 3, what can we infer about recycling in Polla?
A. Most metallic waste remains unrecycled.
B. Recycling aluminum products is rewarding.
C. Local schools are partners of recycling centers.
D. Only plastic and metals are paid for recycling.
26. Which of the following word best describe Gentile?
A. Sensitive. B. Indifferent.
C. Enthusiastic. D. Wealthy.

原创。Source:
https://edition.cnn.com/2019/02/15/europe/books-free-children-plastic-recycle-intl-scli/index.html

C
Laughter’s significance has been recognized throughout history by such scientists and philosophers as Aristotle, Kant, Darwin and Freud. Yet besides a general appreciation that laughter is good for us – “the best medicine” – and is related with humor, we know little about laughter itself.
The sound waveform analysis of giggles and belly laughs in lab has indicated special features of laughter. A laugh consists of a series of short notes, each about 75 milliseconds long, which are repeated at regular breaks about 210 milliseconds apart. A specific vowel sound (元音) does not necessarily mean laughter, but similar vowel sounds are typically used for the notes of a given laugh. For example, laughs have the structure of “ha-ha-ha” or “ho-ho-ho”, but not “ha-ho-ha-ho”. Other types of note difference often involve the first or last note in a laugh. Thus, “cha-ha-ha” or “ha-ha-ho” are possibly heard.
Such characteristics of human laughter is partially a result of the physical limitations of our tongue, throat and lungs. It is difficult to laugh with longer notes, such as “haaaa-haaaa-haaaa”, or shorter notes much less than 75 milliseconds. Likewise, normal note length with abnormal breaks, namely “ha------ha------ha”, do not generally occur. As with the natural rhythms of walking or running, there are only so many ways to laugh.
There is a common misbelief that laughter is unique to human beings. Since the time of Darwin, however, it has been known that chimpanzees perform a laugh-like sound during play. What human laughter and chimpanzee laughter differ actually is the way laugh notes and breaths combine. When humans laugh, the three-note “ha-ha-ha” is produced within one single breath out. On the contrary, chimpanzees have to breathe in for each laugh note before producing the next “ha”. This may also explain why such animals fail to speak English like us while they can learn sign language.
27. Paragraph 1 mainly talks about __________.
A. importance of laughter in ancient times
B. the medical value of laughter
C. the relationship between humor and laughter
D. the level of knowledge about laughter
28. What can be an example of an unnatural laugh?
A. Oh-ha-ha-ha
B. Oh-ha-oh-ha
C. Ha-ha-ha-ho
D. Cha-ha-ha-ha
29. We can’t naturally laugh with notes longer than 75 milliseconds, because_________.
A. vowel sounds must be made short
B. running prevents human laughter
C. organs for speech are weak in doing so
D. longer laughter is not popular in human society
30. What can be inferred about chimpanzees?
A. Darwin found evidence of their style of laughter.
B. An extra breathing out is made when they laugh.
C. Their hands and fingers can make subtle gestures.
D. They cannot produce a three-note laugh.

原创。Source: Provine, Robert. (2000). Laughter: A Scientific Investigation. University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Originally published in “American Scientist”, Vol.84
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232489851_Laughter_A_Scientific_Investigation

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Give the Best PowerPoint Presentation
Visual aids like PowerPoint are powerful tools if you don’t really have to talk as much, or if you’re nervous about speaking in front of the public. However, a bad PowerPoint presentation can be confusing, annoying, and damaging. _____31____. Here are some expert advice that you may find useful.
l Add pictures to grab attention. Templates(模板) provided by the software itself are repeatedly used, which makes the audience easily bored. ______32______. Sometimes presenters like to have many images on one slide, making it like a photo album. This is way too far, because our brains just cannot process all those pictures within a short period of time.
l Improve reading experience with the right fonts(字体). Some people just can’t read fancy lettering, especially if you are doing presentations for people whose first language is not English. ____33______. Thankfully, there are lots of easy-to-read fonts you can get from your word processing software you use, such as Word.
l Control the amount of words with clear lining. “Too much information”, or TMI for short, means that people cannot fully focus on the message delivered in long paragraphs. Studies have been done on how many lines of text a human can absorb or understand. _____34______. Putting two or three lines of important information per slide is much wiser.
l ______35_____. When we were kids, we enjoyed doing so for everywhere we wrote because it’s fun. But presentation isn’t meant for children, and it’s not meant to be fun, either. It’s foolish to use different colors in one word, particularly the title. Your audience don’t expect to strain the rise to figure out what that word is.

A. Do not use different colors all over the place.
B. A beautiful PowerPoint presentation is a must, for either work or school.
C. It ruins your presentation and causes poor communication.
D. Limit your choice of color other than black.
E. If there are more than six, people will get lost.
F. Therefore, images can make your presentation more interesting.
G. Instead, they prefer more traditional styles.

原创。Source: https://www.engvid.com/how-to-give-the-best-powerpoint-presentation/

第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
I used to have an old neighbor named Dr. Gibbs. He smiled a lot, and never __36__ at us for playing in his yard. When he wasn’t __37__ lives, he was planting trees. As a firm believer in “no pains, no gains”, he had some interesting __38__ about planting. He never watered his new trees, which was completely __39__ to common sense. Instead, he would beat them with rolled-up newspaper.
Out of __40__, I asked why. He explained that watering plants __41__ their growth. Such care will result in each later generation becoming __42__. So he had to make things rough and __43__ the sick ones early on. Those which weren’t watered would adapt to grow __44__ roots in search of moisture(水分).
Mr. Gibbs __45__ several years after. Sometimes, I walk by his empty house and look at the oak trees that I’d watched him __46__ some twenty-five years ago. They stand tall, __47__ and leafy, melting into the distance. That __48__ me of my own plants that were attended with water poured __49__ throughout the summer. Two years of overprotection ended up with trees __50__ whenever a cold wind blows in.
Every night before I go to bed, I check on my __51__ and I pray that their lives will be easy. But lately, I’ve been thinking that it’s time to __52__ my prayer. I know they are going to come across __53__, and there’s always a cold wind blowing somewhere. __54__ it’s parents’ duty to love, too much love can __55__ them.
36. A. charged B. stared C. yelled D. aimed
37. A. losing B. risking C. taking D. saving
38. A. examples B. theories C. cases D. questions
39. A. basic B. related C. similar D. contrary
40. A. curiosity B. respect C. gratefulness D. fear
41. A. messed up B. put up C. built up D. sped up
42. A. healthier B. weaker C. less D. more
43. A. plant B. feed C. damage D. remove
44. A. dry B. shallow C. thin D. deep
45. A. settled down B. passed away C. came back D. dropped out
46. A. shake B. beat C. cut D. select
47. A. thick B. attractive C. obvious D. reliable
48. A. warned B. convinced C. reminded D. informed
49. A. constantly B. instantly C. hardly D. lately
50. A. rolling B. wiping C. falling D. trembling
51. A. trees B. kids C. doors D. pets
52. A. read B. reject C. review D. repeat
53. A. opportunities B. doubts C. hardships D. aids
54. A. If B. Since C. Except D. Although
55. A. spoil B. educate C. protect D. support

非选择题部分
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is hard to ignore the presence of pork in China. From the north to the south, the meat ___56___ (serve) in everything from dumplings to soup. Every part of the pig is eaten, including ___57___ head, feet, heart, tongue, stomach and tails.
However, experts say only a tiny percent of pork meat ___58___ (produce) are from native Chinese pigs. Foreign pigs grow faster and have more lean meat, ___59___ (promise) better returns than native pigs for farmers. For example, a Chinese pig may take one year to grow to the same weight ___60___ foreign pigs weigh in six months. In the recent decade, of about 72 local pig types in China, at least 31 ___61___ (become) endangered.
The drop ___62___ the number of native pigs has led to unwanted results. Many Chinese cuisines are losing their best cooking materials, such as Jinhua pigs, ___63___ legs are great for making Jinhua ham.
Experts think with their unique meat quality and better resistance to diseases, native pigs may rise in production and ___64___ (popular). They may be especially welcomed in the high-end market, as Chinese ___65___ (family) pay more attention to food quality.

原创。Source:
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/25/business/china-endangered-pigs.html
http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1135696.shtml

第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是学生李华，你发现在上下学期间校门口的道路异常拥堵，请你代表学生会用英语给全校同学写一封倡议信，呼吁学生关注治堵。内容包括：
1. 指出造成拥堵的原因：接送家长众多；个别车辆插队；
2. 提出缓解交通压力的措施。
3. 希望尽快行动。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

原创。

第二节 概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60字左右的概要。
Electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, don’t require fire and deliver nicotine in the form of vapor(烟雾) rather than tar(焦油) and ash. With lab proof of reduced-harm of e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking among US teenagers has decreased in the past few years. Despite that, public health studies have found information about its side effects on adolescents’ smoking habits.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently conducted a year-long survey, which involved 2,530 public high school students who were either non-smokers or e-cigarette smokers. At the start of the school year, 222 of the ninth-graders that took part in it had reported use of e-cigarettes before, while the rest were totally non-smokers. Later, students were repeatedly asked about their use of traditional and electronic cigarettes by the mid-ninth-grade and the start of tenth grade. The survey results showed that, after 12 months, 25.2 percent of e-cigarette users started tobacco smoking, compared to only 9.3 percent of the non-smokers group.
The report suggests that teenagers with electronic cigarette use are more likely than others to start smoking traditional cigarettes in later life. “E-cigarette use is becoming increasingly popular among teens who have never smoked tobacco. Adolescents who enjoy the experience of taking in nicotine via e-cigarettes may tend to try other nicotine products like tobacco as well,” said Adam M. Leventhal, Ph.D., the first author on the study.
After all, the most contributing factor of e-cigarette smoking is nicotine, long accepted as a highly addictive chemical. “Parents and teens should recognize that they do carry a risk of addiction”, said NIDA Director Nora D. Volkow, M.D. “This study confirms that we should continue to carefully watch teen smoking patterns in face of increased popularity of e-cigarettes.” Regular smoking of e-cigarette vapors still causes nicotine harm. “This research also raises concerns that increases in youth e-cigarette use may not help lower the risk of smoking-related illness," Dr. Leventhal suggested.


参考答案
第一部分 听力
1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. B
6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10 . B
11. B 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
16. C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20 . C
听力原文
Text 1
W:
How is the weather outside?
M:
It is as windy and rainy as yesterday. I don’t think it’s time to air the room.
W:
You are right. The windstorm last night just broke two of my house’s windows.
Text 2
W:
What about the house special I’ve ordered?
M:
Let me check, Ma’am. Well, I think it’s ready.
Text 3
W:
Who is this on the photo?
M:
I bet you can’t guess. It’s my wife. She was as old as my daughter is. But now she has just turned fifty.
W:
Wow, so that’s about thirty years ago.
Text 4
M:
I will leave Jason to do my work when I am away.
W:
No worries. The manager has just hired two agents for our project. Simon will cover your part.
M:
That sounds better. So Jason can still travel with me.
Text 5
M:
Our air-conditioner isn’t working. I suppose we should buy a new one. But we are on a tight budget now.
W:
If only you hadn’t bought that Nikon camera!
Text 6
W:
Could you please stop that? I am doing a rather important homework.
M:
I don’t see how it bothers you. This is at school and this classroom is not your home.
W:
The ball just flew over my head and I was almost hit by it!
M:
Come on, Katie. Badminton balls are so light. They won’t hurt. It’s not a big deal.
W:
But we can’t play such sports in the classroom according to school rules.
Text 7
W:
Excuse me. How can I find English textbooks?
M:
I will get it for you from the storage room as you tell me its name and your grade level.
W:
Err... I forget the title of the book. I can only tell by seeing its cover. There’s huge world map with the blue background. I think that’s for Grade 10. It is about world history.
M:
I think I know the one you are looking for. Let me check if it’s available at the moment... Whoops! It’s sold out. I am afraid you have to wait and come by later.
W:
That’s too bad. Would you please reserve me a copy and call me when it is available?
M:
Sure.
Text 8
M:
I heard that you are looking for an apartment. How is it going?
W:
Pff… I am still looking. Nothing satisfying yet.
M:
Well, I do have a recommendation for you. A friend of mine got promoted and she will head to Hong Kong soon.
W:
What is the address?
M:
It is on Lakeview Drive.
W:
So it is within walking distance to my office building. Great! How much is the rent?
M:
The monthly rent is $300.
W:
It’s a bit expensive for me.
M:
But you don’t have to take the bus any more.
W:
Emm… you are right. No more worries about missing buses and being late.
Text 9
M:
Mrs. Watson, I’d be grateful if you could just tell me something about yourself. Have you been running long?
W:
No, not really. I started two years ago to get fit after my daughter was born. I didn’t take it seriously then, but I found myself really enjoying this sport.
M:
So when did you start training for longer runs?
W:
About a year ago, I joined a running club in our town, which made me work at it.
M:
How often do you practice?
W:
Almost on a daily basis. But, you know, sometimes I have to take care of my kids first.
M:
I am curious about how your husband think about it. Is he supportive?
W:
Oh, yes! He is always there to support me. He is glad that I can do more than being housework, and he is proud of me for taking part in marathons all across the country and even getting prizes.
M:
How many prizes have you won so far?
W:
I got three. They all come from half marathon races.
M:
Well, I hope there will be more today. Thank you very much, Mrs. Watson.
Text 10
W: Good morning, everyone. My name is Nancy and I will be your guide today. Now we are going to see the special exhibition of food history. Here we are at the section about chocolate. As we know, chocolate is made from the beans of cacao trees. However, many of us may not know that chocolate used to be a drink rather than a snack during the times of Mayans of South America. Europeans didn’t know this food product until 1528, when the Spanish brought it back from South America and named it chocolate. By the late 1600s it had spread to most countries across Europe. Here on the left you can see wall paintings of chocolate drinks served by Mayans and Spanish back in history.
In the 19th century, it was the British who invented the way of eating chocolate. Later, a Swiss businessman, Daniel Peter, improved the taste of chocolate foods. He came upon the idea of adding something into chocolate, but failed several times. Finally in 1847, he found the perfect match: milk, which made its taste smooth and sweet. If you are interested in this part of the history, you may take a closer look at the photographs of Peter Daniel’s chocolate factory and his advertisements then.
For chocolate lovers, here we also provide a chocolate tasting bar at the end of the exhibition. You can have a taste of various kinds of chocolate foods, bitter or sweet, and buy some back as gifts for your friends.

第二部分 阅读理解
21. C 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. B
26. C 27. D 28. B 29. C 30. C
31. C 32. F 33. G 34. E 35. A

第三部分 语言运用
36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. A
41. A 42. B 43. D 44. D 45. B
46. B 47. A 48. C 49. A 50. D
51. B 52. C 53. C 54. D 55. A
56. is served 57. the 58. production 59. promising 60. that
61. have become 62. in 63. whose 64. popularity 65. families

第四部分 写作
应用文 One Possible Version:
Dear Fellow Students,
Nowadays, a large number of parents drive their kids from and to school during rush hours, causing slow traffic around our school gate. Besides, there are queue-jumpers that block the road. Representing the Student Union, I advocate raising our awareness of such offensive acts, and call your immediate action to ease road traffic. It is advisable to kindly remind parents of driving regulations when necessary. Meanwhile, walking, cycling or taking public transit will be much appreciated. Thank you for your attention.
Best Regards,
Li Hua

概要写作 One Possible Version:
Research reveals that smoking habits can be affected by e-cigarette smoking in teenage. (要点1) According to NIH, a larger percentage of e-cigarette smokers (25.2%) in the survey switched to traditional cigarettes than non-smokers (9.3%) after 12 months. (要点2) The study confirms that adolescents smoking e-cigarettes have greater potential for tobacco smoking in the future. (要点3) Considering increased popularity of e-cigarettes, researchers call on public attention to addicted smoking and related health risks. (要点4)

答案解析
题号
答案
解析
21.
C
细节理解题。
关键句：To provide a proof that the vehicle was reliable and could also master long-distance routes, she intended to drive with the motor from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show what it could do. (Pg2)
Bertha的旅行目的是为了证明Carl的车性能可靠，能够胜任长途旅行。
22.
D
词义猜测题。
Bertha是第一个开车长途旅行的人，因此遇到的问题，例如爬坡、缺油等，都是前所未有的。
23.
A
标题概括题。
Bertha创造了多个第一次（first woman driver, invent brake lining等），因此她的行为是前卫的。
24.
D
细节理解题。
根据第二段内容可知，suspended books是Gentile自己根据“suspended coffee”（发明自二战时期，指买一杯额外咖啡给有需要的人）而创造出的词汇，可以被用来给予有需要的人。
25.
B
推理判断题。
根据第三段内容可知，两天内收集的金属垃圾换来了500欧，够买一整个班级的书，这说明金属垃圾回收的收益相当高。
26.
C
观点态度题。
根据文中Gentile采访时表达的话可知，他希望通过自己的力量带动周围的人热爱阅读同时关心环境保护，这说明他有社会责任感，古道热肠。
27.
D
段落大意题。
关键句：Yet besides a general appreciation that laughter is good for us – “the best medicine” – and is related with humor, we know little about laughter itself.
第一段主要为了突出人类对笑声研究的不足之处，并由此引出下文的声波研究。
28.
B
句意理解题。
根据第二段可知，常规的笑声是由一组音节组成，每个音节之间有一定的停顿，这组音节的首尾音节可有变化，但中间音节都是相同发音。
29.
C
细节理解题。
关键句：Such characteristics of human laughter is partially a result of the physical limitations of our tongue, throat and lungs. It is difficult to laugh with longer notes, such as “haaaa-haaaa-haaaa”, or shorter notes much less than 75 milliseconds. (Pg3)
根据关键句可知，舌头、喉咙和肺等器官的生理功能有限，因此音节的长度不能过长或过短。
30.
C
推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知，猩猩在发出笑声时，每个音节间都必须吸气，而人类则可以呼一口气就完成多个音节。因此猩猩没办法一口气说完一个多音节的词（大部分英文词汇都是多音节的），但四肢能力发达，可以学手语。
31.
C
上文讲到制作粗糙的PPT会使人费解，破坏宣讲效果。C展开描述了这种PPT造成的负面后果。
32.
F
上文讲到现有的PPT模板千篇一律，观众很容易看厌，F项是基于这一个理由得出的结论。
33.
G
上文描述了华丽字体的弊端，尤其不方便让英语非母语国家的人看懂。基于这一点，可以推断这些观众更希望PPT使用他们已经习惯的常规字体。
34.
E
上文讲到，有研究在调查观众可以一时间理解PPT上多少行文字。E项正是讲了这一研究的结果。
35.
A
空格处是整个段落的主旨部分。通过概括下文可以发现，这段给予的建议是文字不要用过多的颜色，反而会造成观众的理解障碍。
36.
C
情节推断：Dr.Gibbs为人和善，所以不会做出冒犯的举动，所以当我们在他的庭院里玩耍也不会向我们大呼小叫。
词义：charge=指控；stare=盯着；yell=大叫；aim=瞄准
37.
D
情节推断：Dr.Gibbs是医生，所以平时都在救治病人，闲暇之余爱好是种树。
38.
B
情节推断：Dr.Gibbs对种树有自己的一套方法，不浇水而且还要打树。
词义：theory=理论；case=事件
39.
D
情节推断：Dr.Gibbs不浇水的行为和常理违背，人们通常认为树苗需要浇水呵护。
词义：similar=相似的；contrary=相反的
40.
A
情节判断：Dr.Gibbs有违常理的种树行为引起了我的好奇，所以我要问他为什么。
词义：curiosity=好奇心；respect=尊重；gratefulness=感激
41.
A
情节判断：根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，浇水会干扰树苗的成长，所以他不浇水。
词义：mess up=干扰；put up=搭建；build up=增进；speed up=加速
42.
B
情节判断：根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，浇水的行为会导致树的后代变得更弱，所以他不浇水。
43.
D
情节推断：根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，浇水的行为会导致树的后代变得更弱，而他种树的目的必然要长大的树强壮。因此，已经生病的树苗要尽快移除。
词义：feed=喂养；damage=损害；remove=移除
44.
D
情节推断：根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，不浇水会让树苗适应少水的环境，自发长出深根，从而吸取土壤下的水。
词义：shallow=浅薄；thin=细瘦的；
45.
B
情节推断：如今已经过了25年，Dr.Gibbs家的屋子也空了，说明Dr.Gibbs已经去世。
词义：settle down=安居；pass away=去世；drop out=开除
46.
B
情节推断：我回忆起25年前Dr.Gibbs当时种树的场景，动作包括浇水和打树。
词义：select=选择
47.
A
情节推断：这些树25年后的今天已经变得高大而强壮，枝繁叶茂。
词义：thick=粗壮；attractive=有魅力的；obvious=明显的；reliable=可靠
48.
C
情节推断：看到Dr.Gibbs家这些强壮的树，我想起了我自己种的植物，它们一直都被我耐心浇灌。
词义：warn=警告；convince=使信服；remind=使想起；inform=告知
49.
A
情节推断：我自己种的树在整个夏天都被浇水，所以根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，它们没有变的强壮，在冬天会显得很脆弱。
词义：constantly=持续地；instantly=即刻；hardly=几乎不；lately=最近
50.
D
情节推断：由于持续的浇水，我种的树比较脆弱，寒风一吹就容易瑟瑟发抖。
词义：roll=滚动；wipe=擦拭；tremble=颤抖
51.
B
情节推断：作为家长，每晚我都会在睡前去看看孩子们，并给他们许愿。
52.
C
情节推断：我曾经给孩子们许的愿是希望他们生活顺风顺水，但现在考虑到Dr.Gibbs的理论，我的愿望要修改了。
词义：reject=拒绝；review=复查；repeat=重复
53.
C
情节推断：根据Dr.Gibbs的理论，我知道孩子们以后的生活中肯定会有寒冬般的困难情况出现，而孩子们需要适应这些。
词义：doubt=怀疑；hardship=困难；aid=帮助
54.
D
情节推断：父母有义务要爱护自己的孩子，但是过分的爱可能会不利于他们的成长。
55.
A
情节推断：父母有义务要爱护自己的孩子，但是过分的爱可能会不利于他们的成长。
词义：spoil=溺爱；educate=教育
56.
is served
语法点：谓语动词。
主语the meat为第三人称单数；根据语义理解需要使用被动语态；根据上下文判断时态为现在时。
57.
the
语法点：冠词。
猪的头只有一个，因此使用定冠词。
58.
production
语法点：词性转换
根据句子成分分析可知填空处要填名词，表示“猪肉产量”。
59.
promising
语法点：非谓语动词
根据句子成分分析可知，此处不能充当谓语，其逻辑主语为foreign pigs；基于语义理解可知，使用主动语态。因此，形态为现在分词。
60.
that
语法点：same用法
根据句意整体理解可知，该处意为“长到同样的重量”，使用the same sth that …。
61.
have become
语法点：谓语动词
主语为72种国产品种中的31种，因此谓语要用第三人称复数；in the recent decade提示此处要用现在完成时；根据句义，使用主动语态。
62.
in
语法点：介词
the drop in sth = 在某方面数量的下降
63.
whose
语法点：从句引导词
填空处之后所引导的从句主语为金华猪的腿肉，和jinhua pigs的关系是从属关系，因此要用引导词whose
64.
popularity
语法点：词性转换
根据句子语义和成分分析，此处应填名词。
65.
families
语法点：名词单复数。
根据句意理解，应是泛指中国家庭，使用名词复数形式。

应用文Marking Rubric
要点包括：
1. 考生根据题干要求，使用倡议信的书信格式
2. 考生根据题干要求，讲明当前的问题：校门口上下学时候交通堵塞
3. 考生根据题干要求，讲明问题的成因：开车家长多；有插队现象
4. 考生根据常识理解，设计解决方案
5. 考生根据题干要求，呼吁尽快行动
分档
要点
语言
1-3
1或2个，书信格式不正确
语言错误很多，只有个别句子正确
4-6
能写出部分要点，书信格式不正确
语言错误很多，影响表达含义
7-9
能写出基本要点
语言有较多错误，但可以理解含义
10-12
能写出全部或大部分要点
语言存在不影响阅读的错误；结构连贯性不够
13-15
能写出全部要点
语言无误且用词精准；行文连贯

概要写作Marking Rubric
内容要点：
1. 研究的主要方面：青少年吸电子烟对抽烟习惯的影响
2. 研究的调查结果：调查中用电子烟的青少年有更大的可能性在一年内开始抽烟草类香烟。
3. 研究的结论：青少年用了电子烟，日后很可能会开始用其他产品的香烟。
4. 研究的启示：公众应当意识到电子烟所带来的烟瘾风，并且可能引发的健康问题。
分档
要点
语言
0-5
1或2个；没有同义转换
语言错误很多，只有个别句子正确
6-10
2或3个；存在3处及以上类似原文
语言错误很多，影响表达含义
11-15
3或4个；存在2处或个别词类似原文
语言有较多错误，但可以理解含义；要点间缺少连贯性；
16-20
能写出全部或大部分要点；存在个别细节表述不准确
语言存在不影响阅读的错误；结构连贯性不够；
21-25
能写出全部要点；同义转换表述无误
语言无误且用词精准；行文连贯





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