鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B精练

这是一份鲁教版（五四学制）（2024）八年级上册（2024）Section B精练，文件包含_Unit4单元知识点梳理_Unit4_知识梳理与易错精讲-教师版docx、_Unit4单元知识点梳理_Unit4_知识梳理与易错精讲-学生版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共37页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、学习目标
1. 能够正确运用动词与课余活动的搭配（cllect stamps, d calligraphy, g skiing, play ftball, write pems）
2. 能够理解并运用短语动词get ver, take up, give up, reduce stress
3. 能够根据语境正确进行词形变化（achievement, instructr, chat, similarity, perfrm）
二、重点
• 动词与活动搭配规则：cllect + 收藏品, d + 文艺活动, g + -ing(户外), play + 球类/乐器, write + 文学作品
• 短语动词的含义和用法：get ver(克服), take up(开始从事), give up(放弃), reduce stress(减轻压力)
• 词形变化：achieve→achievement, instruct→instructr, chat(双写t)→chatting, similar→similarity, perfrm→perfrmance
三、难点
• 动词搭配的系统记忆和灵活运用
• 词形变化中的拼写规则（双写、后缀变化等）
字词与词汇
学习支架
动词搭配归类表
四、知识要点
1. 活动搭配词组
英语中不同的动词与活动有固定搭配：cllect + 收藏品（cllect stamps/cins/pstcards）；d + 文艺学习活动（d calligraphy/exercise/hmewrk）；g + -ing表示户外活动（g skiing/hiking/ice skating/swimming）；play + 球类或乐器（play ftball/tennis/the guitar/the pian）；write + 文学作品（write pems/stries/diaries）。注意：play the flute/guitar中乐器前要加the，球类前不加the。
2. 短语动词
本课核心短语动词：(1) get ver = 克服（困难、恐惧等），如：get ver yur fear；(2) take up = 开始从事（某项活动/爱好），如：take up painting；(3) give up = 放弃，如：Dn't give up!；(4) reduce stress = 减轻压力，如：Hbbies help t reduce stress。注意：get ver和take up为可分短语，宾语为代词时要放在中间：get it ver（×）→get ver it（√）
3. 词形变化与运用
常见词形变化：(1) achieve(v.) → achievement(n.) 加-ment；(2) instruct(v.) → instructr(n.) 加-r表人；(3) chat(v.) → chatting(双写t加-ing)；(4) similar(adj.) → similarity(n.) 去-ar加-ity；(5) perfrm(v.) → perfrmance(n.) 加-ance。规律：动词+ment/ness/tin/ance常变名词；动词+r/er常变表人的名词。
五、典型例题
【例1】
用适当的动词填空：(1) ___ calligraphy is gd fr yur mind.
(2) She likes t ___ stamps.
(3) They ___ ftball every Saturday.
(4) Let's ___ hiking this weekend.
【解答】(1) Ding (2) cllect (3) play (4) g
【点拨】记住动词搭配规则：d + 文艺活动，cllect + 收藏品，play + 球类，g + -ing户外活动。
【例2】
用所给词的正确形式填空：(1) The ___ (instruct) tld us nt t give up.
(2) Her ___ (achieve) made her parents prud.
(3) There is a ___ (similar) between the tw pictures.
【解答】
【点拨】先判断空格需要什么词性，再根据构词法规则变形。
同 步 练 习
★ 基础巩固
1. She likes t ___ stamps frm different cuntries.
A. d B. play
C. cllect D. g
2. Let's g ___ this weekend. The weather is great!
A. calligraphy
B. hiking
C. ftball
D. pems
3. If yu want t start a new hbby, yu can ___ a new activity.
A. give up B. get ver
C. take up D. lk up
4. The teacher tld the students nt t ___ . Keep trying!
A. take up B. give up
C. get ver D. lk up
5. She plays ___ pian and ___ tennis very well.
A. the; the B. /; the
C. the; / D. /; /
6. My hbby is writing ___ (pem). I write ne every week.
7. She wants t take up ___ (paint) as a new hbby.
8. Ding exercise can help ___ (减少) stress.
★★ 能力提升
9. Which cllcatin is INCORRECT?
A. d calligraphy
B. g swimming
C. play calligraphy
D. cllect cins
10. He finally ___ his fear f speaking in public.
A. tk up B. gt ver
C. gave up D. lked up
11. The wrd 'instructr' means a persn wh ___.
A. cllects things
B. teaches r guides
C. gives up
D. perfrms tricks
12. Which wrd has the crrect spelling?
A. acheivement
B. achievement
C. achievment
D. achievment
13. They fund many ___ between Chinese and Japanese characters.
A. similar
B. similarities
C. simples
D. simples
14. He ___ (perfrm) a wnderful dance at the schl shw yesterday.
15. She wants t take ___ skating. She thinks it's exciting.
16. Write 5 sentences abut yur wn hbbies using different verb cllcatins (cllect, d, g, play, write, take up). Each sentence must use a different verb.
★★★ 拓展延伸
17. Read the passage and answer the questins.
18. Fill in the blanks with the crrect wrds.
19. Write a shrt paragraph (60-80 wrds) cmparing tw hbbies. Use at least:
- 3 different verb cllcatins (d/g/play/cllect/write)
- 2 phrase verbs (get ver, take up, give up, reduce stress)
- 1 wrd frm change (e.g., achieve→achievement, instruct→instructr, similar→similarity)
- 1 sentence with find it + adj. + t d
参 考 答 案
第1题：C
【解析】cllect stamps为固定搭配，意为'收集邮票'。
第2题：B
【解析】g后接-ing形式表示户外活动，g hiking为正确搭配。
第3题：C
【解析】take up表示'开始从事（新活动/爱好）'。
第4题：B
【解析】give up意为'放弃'，与后文'继续尝试'呼应。
第5题：C
【解析】乐器前加the（play the pian），球类前不加（play tennis）。
第6题：pems
【解析】write pems为固定搭配，pem用复数表示经常写诗。
第7题：painting
【解析】take up后接名词或动名词，paint的动名词为painting。
第8题：reduce
【解析】reduce stress意为'减轻压力'，help (t) d后接动词原形。
第9题：C
【解析】calligraphy应该与d搭配，不能与play搭配。play用于球类和乐器。
第10题：B
【解析】get ver ne's fear意为'克服恐惧'。
第11题：B
【解析】instructr意为'教练；指导员'，即教或引导他人的人。-r后缀表'做...的人'。
第12题：B
【解析】achievement的正确拼写：achieve + ment，注意achieve中ie的顺序。
第13题：B
【解析】many后接名词复数，similar的名词形式为similarity，复数为similarities。
第14题：perfrmed
【解析】yesterday表明用一般过去时，perfrm的过去式为perfrmed。
第15题：up
【解析】take up表示'开始从事'，take up skating意为开始学滑冰。
第16题：示例：(1) I cllect stickers frm different cities. (2) I d calligraphy every Sunday. (3) I g hiking with my family at the weekend. (4) I play basketball after schl. (5) I write stries in my ntebk.
【解析】每个句子需使用不同的动词搭配，内容合理、语法正确。
第17题：见各小题答案
第18题：(1) similarities (2) cllect (3) stries (4) started (5) achievement (6) t write (7) encurage (8) us
第19题：示例：My brther and I have different hbbies. He takes up painting, and I g swimming. He des calligraphy, t. He finds it relaxing t paint. He started painting last year and gt ver his fear f making mistakes. His instructr encuraged him nt t give up. Nw his paintings give him a sense f achievement. I g swimming t keep fit. Swimming helps me reduce stress. There is a similarity between ur hbbies: bth need patience.
【解析】写作需涵盖所有要求的语言点，内容连贯、语法正确。单词
读音
词性
释义
例句
cllect
/kəˈlekt/
v.
收集
She likes t cllect stamps frm different cuntries.
take up
/teɪk ʌp/
phr.v.
开始从事
I want t take up a new hbby this year.
achievement
/əˈtʃiːvmənt/
n.
成就
Finishing the marathn was a great achievement.
similarity
/ˌsɪməˈlærəti/
n.
相似性
There are many similarities between the tw hbbies.
perfrm
/pəˈfɔːm/
v.
表演；执行
She will perfrm a dance at the schl shw.
动词
搭配规则
示例
cllect
+ 收集品
cllect stamps / cins / pstcards
d
+ 文艺/学习活动
d calligraphy / hmewrk / exercise
g
+ -ing（户外活动）
g skiing / hiking / ice skating / swimming
play
+ 球类/乐器
play ftball / tennis / the guitar / the pian
write
+ 文学作品
write pems / stries / diaries / letters
take up
+ 新爱好/活动
take up painting / a new hbby