2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义阅读理解第三讲词句猜测题——顺藤摸瓜，破解词句密码（Word版附解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义阅读理解第三讲词句猜测题——顺藤摸瓜，破解词句密码（Word版附解析），共4页。学案主要包含了技法图解，解题应用等内容，欢迎下载使用。
技巧(一) 利用逻辑关系猜测词义
阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义，对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。答题时要留意逻辑关系词，分析句子间的逻辑关系。
In this “bk f bks”，artwrks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these cnnectins between different eras and cultures.We see scenes f children learning t read at hme r at schl，with the bk as a fcus fr relatins between the generatins.Adults are prtrayed (描绘) alne in many settings and pses—absrbed in a vlume，deep in thught r lst in a mment f leisure.These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag，but they recrd mments we can all relate t.
30.What d the underlined wrds “relate t” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A.Understand. B.Paint.
C.Seize.D.Transfrm.
自主解答 A
【技法图解】
【解题应用】
依据画线词所在句中的but可判断，画线词所在分句与上一分句形成转折关系。根据画线词上文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds f years ag”可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些我们都能理解的时刻。
技巧(二) 利用解释关系猜测词义
在做阅读理解题目时，利用解释关系猜测词义是一种快速有效的方法之一。答题时要关注下定义、举例、定语(从句)、同位语(从句)等语法手段，以及表示解释性的标点符号。
As a new unit started，I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice.This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting.Fr the next tw assignments，a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp，I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis.The results were staggering.The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries，10 t 20 pages each，with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
26.What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Mixed. B.Amazing.
C.Similar.D.Disturbing.
自主解答 B
【技法图解】
【解题应用】
画线词后的句子“The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries，10 t 20 pages each，with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.(学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事。)”是对staggering的解释，故staggering意为“令人震惊的、惊人的”，此处指学生练习后效果显著。
技巧(三) 利用构词法猜测词义
利用构词法再结合语境猜测，不用阅读上下文便能够猜出词义，这样事半功倍。所以建议考生在做题时，遇到可以利用构词法的题目，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。
The gal f this bk is t make the case fr digital minimalism，including a detailed explratin f what it asks and why it wrks，and then t teach yu hw t adpt this philsphy if yu decide it’s right fr yu.
...
Part ne cncludes by intrducing my suggested methd fr adpting this philsphy：the digital declutter.This prcess requires yu t step away frm ptinal nline activities fr thirty days.At the end f the thirty days，yu will then add back a small number f carefully chsen nline activities that yu believe will prvide massive benefits t the things yu value.
29.What des the underlined wrd “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A.Clear-up.B.Add-n.
C.Check-in.D.Take-ver.
自主解答 A
【技法图解】
【解题应用】
单词“declutter”含有前缀de-，前缀de-表示“除去”“取消”“离开”以及“否定”“非”等意思。结合语境，根据画线词后面的“step away frm”可知，画线词表示“清除，清理”。
技巧(四) 利用“就近原则”解代词指代题
代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词或指示代词的指代对象。解答这类题目的时候，可以利用“就近原则”，结合语境找出语义相关的名词、词组或句子等。
[4]There are up t 30 students at any given time in H’s class.She generally wrks with their regular teachers t get lessns and tests being used at their hme schls.Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.“I feel like it is a disservice t the kids，” H says.“They think their teachers dn’t care abut their schlwrk.”
26.What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in paragraph 4？
A.Offering regular lessns.
B.Paying extra attentin.
C.Assigning n schlwrk.
D.Shwing n sympathy.
自主解答 C
【技法图解】
【解题应用】
根据代词指代的特点，顺着画线词往前找。it 前面的句子是“Sme teachers dn’t give the kids any assignments； they express sympathy instead.”这句话描述了一些老师的两种行为：①不布置作业；②表达同情。it 指代的应该是这两种行为之一，或者整个情况。将 it 所在句子“I feel like it is a disservice t the kids”与前文联系起来理解。故it在此特指 dn’t give the kids any assignments这种行为。
A
(2025·郑州市高中毕业年级质量预测)The Chinese animated (动画的) mvie Ne Zha 2 has becme the highest-earning animated mvie f all time glbally since shws hw big and successful China’s mvie industry can be，accrding t China Daily.
Masses f amazing visuals and exciting experiences are key reasns fr Ne Zha 2’s success.The mvie has a huge challenge fr any single studi.Instead f ne cmpany，138 Chinese animatin studis and ver 4，000 prfessinals wrked tgether t create the mvie，including well-knwn giants and smaller studis，Beijing Daily reprted.
The Red Whale Studi frm Suzhu wrked n a quarter f the prductin f Ne Zha 2，making itself the biggest cmpany invlved in making the mvie.The beautiful scenes in the mvie，like fish swimming in the waves，were created by 160 peple wh wrked day and night fr 26 mnths，accrding t the fficial WeChat accunt f the Suzhu gvernment.
Directr Yang Yu，better knwn as Jiazi，explained that while internatinal teams were initially cnsidered fr special effects，the results didn’t meet the standards.“Even tp studis frm internatinal teams may use less experienced emplyees，” he tld CCTV.Instead，he decided t let dmestic teams refine the effects，ensuring the prject was in expert hands.
One standut example is the wrk with Fantawild Animatin，a film cmpany based in Shenzhen.They were respnsible fr creating the attractive waterfall in the frest fight scene.Waterfalls are massive in size and have cmplex and ever-changing flw patterns.T make the waterfall lk realistic，the team used advanced physics simulatin (模拟) techniques with 50 high-perfrmance wrkstatins t d the necessary prcessing.The team wrked hard t ensure that the final effect was grand and cnsistent with the style f the waterfalls.
In the mvie，Ne Zha says，“If there’s n path ahead，I will create ne.”Als，138 Chinese animatin cmpanies have cme tgether t shape the future f Chinese animatin，shwing the strength and creativity f the industry.
[语篇解读]本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍了《哪吒2》的巨大成功和其背后的制作情况，它是由138家中国动画公司一起制作的，这展现了中国动画行业的力量与创新。
1.What can be knwn abut Ne Zha 2 frm the passage？
A.It features a large number f visual effects.
B.It was prduced by a Chinese mvie cmpany.
C.It has wn a gd reputatin in verseas markets.
D.It has becme the mst prfitable Chinese mvie ever.
A [细节理解题。根据第二段首句可知，《哪吒2》成功的主要原因是大量惊人的视觉效果和激动人心的观影体验，故A项“它具有大量的视觉效果”符合题意。]
2.What des the underlined wrd “refine” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Replace.B.Imprve.
C.Create.D.Increase.
B [词句猜测题。上文提到导演杨宇解释说，虽然最初考虑了让国际团队来制作特效，但结果并不符合标准。根据画线词所在句中的Instead可推知，此处表示跟上文相反的情况，应该是说取而代之的是他决定让国内团队改进效果，让效果符合标准。所以画线单词与imprve 意义相近，故选B。]
3.What des the example f Fantawild Animatin suggest？
A.The challenges f creating a realistic waterfall.
B.The limitatin f traditinal animatin techniques.
C.The imprtance f wrking clsely with internatinal teams.
D.The effrts f dmestic teams t meet the mvie’s high standards.
D [推理判断题。根据第五段可知方特动漫负责在森林打斗场景中创造迷人的瀑布。瀑布规模巨大，水流模式复杂多变。为了让瀑布看起来更真实，团队使用了先进的物理模拟技术和50个高性能工作站来进行必要的处理。团队努力工作，以确保最终的效果是宏伟的，并与瀑布的风格一致。这个案例说明了国内团队为达到电影的高标准所做的努力，故选D项。]
4.What des the authr shw abut Chinese animatin cmpanies by Ne Zha’s line？
A.Their success depends n market trends.
B.They are eager t expand int verseas markets.
C.They are determined t vercme challenges and innvate.
D.Their strength and creativity result frm Chinese animatin.
C [推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，该电影对于任何一家单一的制作公司来说都是一个巨大的挑战，它并非由一家公司独自完成，而是由138家中国动画工作室以及4 000多名专业人士共同协作完成的。因此作者通过哪吒的台词“若前方无路，我便踏出一条路”展示了中国动画公司的产业协作意识和突破创新精神，故C项(他们决心克服挑战，勇于创新)符合题意。]
B
(2025·济南市高三模拟)Wildlife phtgrapher Ing Arndt discvered his first enrmus ant mund (蚁丘) as a child explring the frest with his father near their hme almst 50 years ag.They were bird-watching and came arund a bend in a thickly wded area when there it was： a five-ft-tall mund，standing upward like a large stalagmite (石笋).Arndt wanted t investigate mre clsely，but a very particular smell suggested he rethink that.The air felt thick and sharp，discmfrting his nse.“All my life，” he says，“I culd remember the smell.”
Several years later，Arndt mved t the cuntryside.He cntinued his fascinatin with the munds and their armies f tiny engineers.Outfitted with a high-reslutin camera，he began phtgraphing the munds and sharing his imagery with researchers fr a scientific perspective.It turned ut the mund makers were indeed special.They were red wd ants—ne f the smallest f all s-called keystne species.Keystne species such as elephants and sharks are watched clsely because their behavirs affect s many aspects f the ecsystem that if they disappeared，it wuld struggle t adapt.Researchers als explained the smell frm the mund.As the insects build a nest，they generate frmic acid (蚁酸)，the rigin f the smell，which helps t fight against enemies.
But in recent decades，the ppulatin f ants has been declining as the frests have fallen victim t lgging，urbanizatin，and wildfires，as well as drught and higher temperatures that have becme mre frequent with climate change.This has led several cuntries acrss the ants’ range，including Germany，t enlist them as a prtected species by law.
Tday Arndt’s phts put n display that as scial insects，these small ants nt nly frm cmplex scieties，but als chabitate with a wide variety f species，creating a mass f cexisting relatinships acrss a variety f plant and animal species.They are als a reminder that by prtecting these unnticed creatures，we are actually prtecting urselves.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。Arndt 通过对红木蚁的研究，强调了这些微小物种在自然界中的重要性。
5.Hw was Arndt’s first encunter with the ant mund？
A.It reminded him f a bad experience.
B.It left him an unfrgettable memry.
C.It arused his enthusiasm fr nature.
D.It inspired him t prtect the frests.
B [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“‘All my life，’ he says，‘I culd remember the smell.’”可知，Arndt对蚁丘的气味印象深刻，这次经历给他留下了难忘的记忆。故选B项。]
6.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t？
A.The wded area.
B.The mund maker.
C.The keystne species.
D.The entire ecsystem.
D [词句猜测题。根据it所在的句子可知，大象和鲨鱼等关键物种的行为影响生态系统的许多方面，以至于如果它们消失，整个生态系统将会很难适应。所以，画线代词it指的是上文提到的生态系统。故选D项。]
7.What cntributed t the decrease in the number f ants？
A.Their wrsened habitats.
B.Their changing behavir.
C.Their severe cmpetitin.
D.Their limited ppulatin.
A [细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，但近几十年来，由于森林遭到伐木、城市化、野火以及干旱和高温的影响，蚂蚁的数量持续下降，所以可知，蚂蚁数量的减少是由于森林砍伐、城市化、野火、干旱和气温升高等因素导致的栖息地恶化而引起的。故选A项。]
8.What is the text mainly intended t tell us？
A.Massive lives exist n the earth.
B.Tiny species cunt it nature.
C.Scial creatures live in grups.
D.Little ants are master architects.
B [主旨大意题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段中的“They are als a reminder that by prtecting these unnticed creatures，we are actually prtecting urselves.”可知，文章通过讲述Arndt对红木蚁的研究，说明了它们是关键物种之一，对生态系统的许多方面产生影响，强调了这些微小的物种在生态系统中的重要性。故选B项。]
(四)词句猜测题专练1(词义猜测题)
A
(2025·长春高三质量检测)An alarming phenmenn has sprung up ver the past few years：Many students are arriving at cllege unprepared t read entire bks.Many students are verwhelmed at the thught f reading multiple bks in a semester.They shut dwn when they’re faced with ideas they dn’t understand.
Why is this happening？The attractin f smartphnes and scial media came up，and it appears that many middle and high schls are teaching fewer full bks.But ne pssible cause that I nd t is a change in values，nt ability.The prblem des nt appear t be that kids these days are incurius r uninterested in reading.Instead，yung peple might be respnding t a cultural message：Bks just aren’t that imprtant.
I nce spke with 33 prfessrs at sme tp universities，wh didn’t think their students were lazy.It is nt unusual that their students’ schedules are crwded with activities that are less abut persnal develpment and mre relevant t future emplyment.“There are t many demands n their time t devte themselves fully t wrks f literature that might take 20 hurs t cnsume，”said James Shapir，an English prfessr at Clumbia.
In 1971，37％ students said that a cre bjective f their cllege years was t becme well-ff financially.73％ said it was t develp a meaningful philsphy f life.By 2015，thse numbers had almst reversed (颠倒).Experts and parents alike have emphasized preprfessinal curses but dwnplayed the imprtance f humanistic study.
Hwever sciety changes，there is n denying that reading is f significance.If we’ve shifted what we hld in esteem (推崇)，it is reasnable that we culd，as a sciety，shift back.The respnsibility desn’t lie nly in Generatin Z.Everyne wh’s upset abut the change has a rle t play in reversing it.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。本文指出近几年来出现很多大学生没有准备好阅读整本书的现象，其原因可能包括智能手机和社交媒体的吸引、很多中学和高中教授的整本书的减少以及价值观的变化等。
1.Accrding t the authr，what is the cause f the phenmenn？
A.Many distractins frm digital devices.
B.Inadequate preparatins fr cllege life.
C.A misguided belief in reading full bks.
D.Disqualificatins f secndary schl teachers.
C [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“But ne pssible cause that I nd t is a change in values，nt just aren’t that imprtant”可知，作者认为，一个可能的原因是价值观的变化，问题似乎并不在于如今的孩子们没有好奇心或者对阅读不感兴趣。相反，年轻人可能是在回应一种文化信息：书籍并不是那么重要。所以可推知，作者认为出现这种现象的原因是人们对阅读整本书这件事的观点是错误的。故C项正确。]
2.What can be inferred frm James Shapir’s wrds？
A.Schls shuld ffer time management curses.
B.Students are ccupied with their wrks f literature.
C.Reading literary pieces is beynd students’ available time.
D.Prfessrs believe emplyment is mre related t persnal grwth.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段中的“‘There are t many demands n their time t devte themselves fully t wrks f literature that might take 20 hurs t cnsume，’said James Shapir”可知，James Shapir认为学生们的时间被太多事情占据，无法全身心投入到可能需要20个小时来阅读的文学作品中。所以可推测阅读文学作品超出了学生们可利用的时间。故C项正确。]
3.What des the underlined wrd “dwnplayed” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Highlighted.B.Underestimated.
C.Recgnized.D.Misunderstd.
B [词句猜测题。根据该词所在句“Experts and parents alike have emphasized preprfessinal curses but dwnplayed the imprtance f humanistic study”可知，专家和家长都强调职前课程，but表示转折，所以dwnplay应该与emphasize意思相反，emphasize是“强调”，所以dwnplay意思是“贬低”。故B项正确。highlight “突出，强调”；recgnize“认可”；misunderstand “误解”。]
4.What is the authr’s purpse f writing the last paragraph？
A.T restate an pinin.
B.T stir up a debate.
C.T issue an annuncement.
D.T put frward a prpsal.
D [写作意图题。根据最后一段可知，作者先强调了阅读的重要性，然后指出如果我们已经改变了我们所推崇的东西，那么作为一个社会，我们也有理由转变回来，并且改变现状的责任不只在于Z世代，每个对这种变化感到不安的人都可以在扭转现状这件事中发挥作用。这表明作者是在呼吁大家共同努力，重视阅读，所以作者写最后一段的目的是提出一个建议。故选D项。]
B
(2025·石家庄普通高中毕业教学质量检测)A third f the Arctic’s tundra(北极冻原)，frests and wetlands have becme a surce f carbn emissins(排放)，a new study has fund，as glbal heating ends thusands f years f carbn strage.
Fr thusands f years，Arctic land ecsystems have acted as a deep-freeze，hlding ptential emissins in the tundra.But ecsystems in the regin are releasing mre CO2 int the atmsphere with rising temperatures，a study published in Nature Climate Change cncluded.
Mre than 30％ f the regin is a surce f CO2，accrding t the analysis，rising t 40％ when emissins frm wildfires are included.By using data frm 200 study sites between 1990 and 2020，the research demnstrates hw the Arctic’s tundra，frests and wetlands are being transfrmed by rapid warming.
The shift is ccurring despite the Arctic becming greener.“In ne place where I wrk in Alaska，when the tundra unfreezes，the plants that absrb CO2 grw mre，s yu can smetimes get an uptick in carbn strage，”Sue Natalia，the lead researcher said.“But the tundra cntinues t unfreeze and the micrbes(微生物)take ver.Yu can visually see the changes in the landscape.”
There is a grwing cncern abut the natural prcesses that regulate the Earth’s climate，which are being affected by rising temperatures.Tgether，the planet’s ceans，frests，sils and ther natural carbn sinks absrb abut half f all human emissins，but there are signs that these sinks are under stress.
The Arctic ecsystem has been gathering carbn fr thusands f years，helping cl the atmsphere.In a warming wrld，the researchers say，its carbn cycle is beginning t change and needs better mnitring.Dr Anna Virkkala，the authr f the study，said，“The carbn in the Arctic sil is clse t half f the Earth’s sil carbn pl，much mre than in the atmsphere.This huge pl shuld ideally stay in the grund.But nw，rising temperatures are speeding the breakdwn f plant and animal remains，which releases stred carbn back int the air as greenhuse gases like CO2，creating a cycle that fuels even mre warming.”
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。一项研究表明，因全球变暖，三分之一的北极冻原、森林和湿地变为碳排放源。多年以来北极生态系统扮演着储存碳的“深冷冻柜”角色，现因升温释放更多二氧化碳。人们需要更好地监测北极的碳循环变化。
5.What’s the main reasn fr the release f carbn frm Arctic sils？
A.Tundra defrsting.B.Wildfire erupting.
C.Tree ver-cutting.D.Wetland disappearing.
A [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Fr thusands f years，Arctic land ecsystems have acted as a deep- ecsystems in the regin are releasing mre CO2 int the atmsphere with rising temperatures”以及第四段中的“But the tundra cntinues t unfreeze and the micrbes(微生物)take ver”可知，北极的陆地生态系统在过去几千年中一直是碳储存的“深冷冻柜”，但随着全球变暖，这些生态系统正在释放更多的二氧化碳；冻原仍在持续解冻，微生物开始占据主导地位。故可推知冻原解冻是北极土壤中碳释放的主要原因。故选A。]
6.What des the underlined wrd“uptick”in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Bst.B.Lss.
C.Limit.D.Release.
A [词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“when the tundra unfreezes，the plants that absrb CO2 grw mre，s yu can smetimes get an uptick in carbn strage”并结合常识可知，当冻原解冻时，吸收二氧化碳的植物生长得更多，所以在这种情况下碳储存量应该是有所增加。故选A。bst“增长，提高”。]
7.What can we infer abut the Arctic’s sil carbn pl accrding t Dr Anna Virkkala？
A.It has less carbn than the air.
B.It ught t be stred in the tundra.
C.It can break dwn rganic matter.
D.It is less affected by glbal warming.
B [推理判断题。根据第六段中Anna Virkkala博士说的话“The carbn in the Arctic sil is clse t half f the Earth’s sil carbn pl，much mre than in the atmsphere.This huge pl shuld ideally stay in the grund”可知，Anna Virkkala认为北极土壤中的碳库巨大，理想情况下应该留在地下，也就是应该被储存在冻原中。故选B。]
8.What is the main idea f the text？
A.Arctic greening cuts carbn emissins.
B.Mre carbn is being released in Arctic.
C.Arctic carbn strage is grwing rapidly.
D.Extreme climate makes Arctic uninhabitable.
B [主旨大意题。文章开篇就指出三分之一的北极冻原、森林和湿地已成为碳排放源，接着阐述了随着全球变暖，北极生态系统的变化导致更多碳被释放，虽然北极绿化状况有改善，但整体上北极还是在释放更多碳，所以文章主要是在说北极正在释放更多的碳。故选B。]
C
(2025·武汉高中毕业生调研考试)A challenge f teaching mathematics rather than，say，histry is that the hmewrk is a lt harder t cme up with.After all，“Was Henry Ⅷ a gd king？” is a reasnable questin t ask either a classrm f nine-year-lds r a lecture theatre f pstgraduates.But “slve this quadratic equatin(二次方程)”wuld leave the classrm nnplussed and the lecture theatre unimpressed.Maths is learned by ding and designing a prblem that is easy enugh t be accessible，yet hard enugh t be satisfying.It is a big headache in itself.
Partly fr this reasn，bks that successfully cmmunicate hw mathematicians think，but are aimed at thse nt already in the field，are bth valuable and rare.Nw Sir David Spiegelhalter，prfessr f statistics at the University f Cambridge，has added t the categry with The Art f Uncertainty.His new bk will appeal t many mre than just mathematicians，fr its tpic is universal：hw t analyse chance，uncertainty and risk.
If a new virus is running wild and the majrity f deaths are amng thse wh have received a newer vaccine (疫苗)，is that evidence that the vaccinatin prgram is harmful？ Hw much f tp ftball teams’ perfrmance cmes dwn t luck rather than skill？Prfessr Spiegelhalter’s explratin f such questins is delightful.First，he uses them t illustrate brader ideas abut hw prbability and statistics wrk.S a discussin f vaccine safety prceeds t Bayes’s therem，a prcedure fr imprving ne’s judgment f prbabilities as new evidence cmes t light.The jy f Prfessr Spiegelhalter’s apprach is that he reaches this deep truth thrugh nthing mre than sme intuitive (直觉的) assumptins and very simple maths.
Mst imprtant，thugh，is Prfessr Spiegelhalter’s skill at cmmunicating these ideas.Much f prbability and statistics can g against ur intuitin，and the maths behind it is ften fearsme.But this is nt a difficult bk t read r understand.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了剑桥大学教授David Spiegelhalter的《不确定性的艺术》一书，这本书通过直觉假设和简单数学，向非专业人士传达概率和统计学的概念，使复杂的数学变得易于理解。
9.What des the underlined wrd“nnplussed”in Paragraph 1 prbably mean？
A.Impressed.B.Inspired.
C.Cnfused.D.Amused.
C [词句猜测题。根据语境和常识可知，解这个二次方程会让课堂上的孩子不知所措，让讲堂上的听众印象平平。因此，nnplussed在这里的意思是“非常困惑的”，故选C。]
10.What is the biggest selling pint f The Art f Uncertainty accrding t the authr？
A.It casts light n maths thughts.
B.It cvers varius tpics.
C.It makes sense t rdinary peple.
D.It satisfies maths prfessinals
C [细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His new bk will appeal t many mre than just mathematicians，fr its tpic is universal： hw t analyse chance，uncertainty and risk”可知，《不确定性的艺术》将吸引的不仅仅是数学家，因为它的主题是普遍的：如何分析机会、不确定性和风险。这表明这本书对普通人来说也易于理解。]
11.Why des the authr mentin Bayes’s therem in Paragraph 3？
A.T prve the reliability f intuitins.
B.T reveal the bk’s academic nature.
C.T underline the deep truth f judgement.
D.T demnstrate Spiegelhalter’s writing apprach.
D [写作意图题。根据第三段内容尤其是其中的“The jy f Prfessr Spiegelhalter’s intuitive (直觉的) assumptins and very simple maths”可知，Bayes要根据新证据的出现而改进概率判断，而Spiegelhalter教授方法的美妙之处在于，他通过一些直觉假设和非常简单的数学就达到了这个深刻的真理。所以作者在第三段中提及Bayes定理是为了展现Spiegelhalter教授不同的达到深刻真理的方法，故选D。]
12.What is the text mainly abut？
A.A master f maths teaching.
B.A bk n intuitive assumptins.
C.A discussin f risk management.
D.A guide t understanding prbability.
D [主旨大意题。结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了Spiegelhalter教授的书《不确定性的艺术》，这本书通过简单的方法帮助读者理解概率和统计学的概念。因此，文章主要讲的是理解概率的指南。]
(五)词句猜测题专练2(短语猜测题＋代词指代题)
A
(2025·成都高中毕业班第二次诊断性检测)A hneybee’s life depends n it successfully harvesting frm flwers t make hney.Deciding which flwer is mst likely t ffer nectar(花蜜)is incredibly difficult.In new research published recently，ur team reprts hw bees make these cmplex decisins.
We challenged bees with a field f artificial flwers，each f which ffered a tiny drp f sugar syrup.Different-clred“flwers”varied in their likelihd f ffering sugar.We put tiny，harmless paint marks n the back f each bee，and filmed every visit a bee made t the flwer array.We then used cmputer visin and machine learning t autmatically draw and study the rute n which bees flew thrugh.Frm this infrmatin，we fund bees very quickly learned t identify the mst rewarding flwers.They quickly assessed whether t accept r reject a flwer，but surprisingly they made crrect decisins within 0.6 secnds while incrrect decisins tk them 1.2 secnds n average.
The results and what we expected are ples apart.Usually in animals，an accurate decisin takes lnger than an inaccurate decisin.This is called the speed-accuracy trade-ff，which happens because determining whether a decisin is right r wrng usually depends n hw much evidence we have t make that decisin.Mre evidence means a mre accurate decisin，but gathering evidence takes time.S accurate decisins are usually slw and inaccurate decisins are faster.But bees nly accepted a flwer if，at a glance，they were sure it was rewarding.If they had any uncertainty，they rejected it.They might have missed sme rewarding flwers，but they successfully fcused their effrts nly n the flwers with the best chance and best evidence f prviding them with sugar.
The nly ther animals knwn t beat the speed-accuracy trade-ff are humans and primates.It’s indeed amazing that bees seemed t be breaking this bundary.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。研究发现蜜蜂可以快速识别最有可能提供花蜜的花朵，且其做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快。
1.Hw did researchers get the result f the experiment？
A.By bserving bees in the wild.
B.By analyzing bees’ flight paths.
C.By testing bees in different clrs.
D.By cmparing bees’ fd preference.
B [细节理解题。根据第二段的“We then used cmputer very quickly learned t identify the mst rewarding flwers”可知，研究人员利用计算机视觉和机器学习自动绘制并研究蜜蜂飞行的路线，从这些信息中，研究人员发现蜜蜂能非常迅速地学会识别那些回报最丰厚的花朵。由此可知，研究人员是通过分析蜜蜂的飞行路线得出实验结果的，故选B。]
2.What did the research find abut bees？
A.They culd tell artificial flwers immediately.
B.They perfrmed better in certain clred flwers.
C.They made right chices faster than the wrng nes.
D.They made mre crrect decisins than ther species.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“they made crrect decisins within 0.6 secnds while incrrect decisins tk them 1.2 secnds n average”可知，蜜蜂做出正确决定的平均用时为0.6秒，而做出错误决定的平均用时为1.2秒。由此可知，蜜蜂做出正确选择的速度比做出错误选择的速度要快，故选C。]
3.What des the underlined phrase “ples apart” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A.Cntrary.B.Reasnable.
C.Essential.D.Cnfusing.
A [词句猜测题。第二段尾句讲研究结果表明蜜蜂做出正确决定的速度比做出错误决定的速度要快。第三段的“Usually in animals，an accurate decisin takes lnger than an inaccurate decisin”讲通常情况下，对动物而言，做出准确决定比做出不准确决定所花费的时间要长。由此可推知，研究结果与人们的预期大相径庭，故画线短语的含义与A项“相反的”意思最为接近。]
4.Why d bees beat the speed-accuracy trade-ff？
A.They ignre uncertainties.
B.They gather evidence very fast.
C.They stay n the right track while flying.
D.They adpt a special decisin-making mechanism.
D [推理判断题。根据第三段的“This is called the speed-accuracy trade- decisins are usually slw and inaccurate decisins are faster”可知，根据速度—准确性权衡，判断一个决策是对还是错，通常取决于在做出该决策时掌握的证据量，证据越多，决定就越准确，但收集证据需要时间，所以，准确的决定通常比较慢，而不准确的决定则更快。而第三段的“bees nly accepted a them with sugar”讲蜜蜂只有在一眼就能确定某朵花会有回报时才会接受它，如果它们有任何不确定，它们就会拒绝这朵花；虽然它们可能会错过一些有回报的花朵，但它们成功地将精力只集中在那些最有可能且最有迹象能为它们提供糖分的花朵上。由此可知，蜜蜂采用的决策机制与速度—准确性权衡决策机制不同，故选D。]
B
(2025·甘肃一诊暨高三月考)In a typical residential area f Hng Kng(HK)，the basketball curts at Kennedy Twn Playgrund (KTP) are surprisingly busy—nt with players，but with turists.Lcated n a hill，the curts prvide great views f the Hng Kng skyline，making them an unexpected attractin.
This trend began with a ht pst n the scial media platfrm Xiahngshu，turning the playgrund int a unique spt fr pht pprtunities.The pst received ver 13，000 likes and 15，000 saves，illustrating the cncept f “planting grass”.
“Planting grass”，r zhngca，refers t recmmending prducts r experiences t make thers interested in trying them.This phenmenn has becme a key driver f turism and cmmerce，creating what’s nw called the “grass planting ecnmy”，which means recmmendatin-based business mdels.In Fujian，the ppularity f a flk traditin knwn as zanhuawei has turned Quanzhu int a vibrant cultural destinatin.Similarly，Jingdezhen in Jiangxi，famus fr its prcelain art，has becme ppular amng yung travelers due t “planting grass” psts.
The charm f this mdel cmes frm hw real it feels： Millins f users act as city ambassadrs，sharing persnal recmmendatins.Different frm traditinal turs，the trips described in these psts feature the hidden charm f the cities and build meaningful cnnectins with lcal culture，bsting turism，accrding t Xinhua.
This phenmenn is nt limited t Chinese scial media，hwever.Glbally，platfrms have als driven recmmendatin-based marketing.Data analysis cmpany DataReprtal revealed that in 2023，62.2 percent f a scial media platfrm users fllwed r researched brands thrugh the platfrm，highlighting its influence n purchasing behavir.
While “planting grass” can help the ecnmy grw，it als carries sme risks.Fllwing trends withut cautin may lead t vercrwding and danger.In Hng Kng，21 ppular lcatins recmmended n scial media ften attract turists wh crwd narrw sidewalks，blcking lcals—particularly the elderly—frm passing thrugh.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章介绍了“种草”这一概念，并阐述了“种草”现象成为旅游和商业的关键驱动力，形成了“种草经济”。但“种草”也存在风险，如可能导致热门地点过度拥挤，给当地居民生活带来不便等。
5.What makes the basketball curts at KTP ppular with turists？
A.Interesting activities.
B.The histrical significance.
C.Great views f the HK skyline.
D.Varius shpping malls.
C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Lcated n a hill，the curts prvide great views f the Hng Kng skyline，making them an unexpected attractin”可知，坚尼地城游乐场的篮球场位于山上，能看到香港天际线的美景，这使得篮球场受到游客欢迎，故选C。]
6.Why des the authr mentin Quanzhu and Jingdezhen？
A.T give reasns.
B.T give examples.
C.T make cmparisns.
D.T make advertisements.
B [推理判断题。文章第三段先阐述了“种草”现象成为旅游和商业的主要推动力，催生了“种草经济”。然后提到泉州因一种民间传统“簪花围”(在“种草”影响下)的流行成为了充满活力的文化旅游胜地；景德镇则凭借自身闻名的瓷器艺术，在“种草”贴的传播下，受到年轻游客的青睐。这两个城市的例子，均是在说明“种草”现象对旅游和商业的推动作用。故选B。]
7.What des the underlined term “city ambassadrs” in Paragraph 4 refer t？
A.Celebrities prmting a city.
B.Travel agents specializing in city turs.
C.Users sharing their wn recmmendatins.
D.Officials representing a city’s gvernment.
C [词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Millins f users act as city ambassadrs，sharing persnal recmmendatins”可知，数以百万计的用户扮演着“city ambassadrs”的角色，分享着个人推荐内容，故选C。]
8.Hw is the text structured？
A.Prblem—Cause—Impact—Slutin.
B.Cause—Effect—Example—Cnclusin.
C.Intrductin—Benefit—Prblem—Cause.
D.Phenmenn—Definitin—Impact—Prblem.
D [文章结构题。第一段：现象引入——以香港坚尼地城游乐场的篮球场为例，为下文对“种草”现象的探讨做铺垫。第二段：概念定义——通过介绍小红书上关于该篮球场的热门帖子数据，引出“种草”这一概念。第三、四段：影响阐述——阐述“种草”现象对旅游和商业的积极影响。第六段：风险提醒——“种草”带来的诸如人群拥挤等问题。所以文章的结构是“现象—定义—影响—风险/问题”。故选D。]
C
(2023·武汉七校联考)Chat Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer(ChatGPT)，created by OpenAI，an AI research cmpany，is a natural language prcessing tl driven by AI technlgy that allws yu t have human-like cnversatins with a chatbt.The language mdel can answer questins，and assist yu with tasks such as cmpsing emails，essays，and cde.
ChatGPT is pwered by a large language mdel，r LLM，meaning it’s prgrammed t understand human language and generate respnses based n a large amunt f data.What makes ChatGPT s impressive is its ability t lg cntext frm users’ earlier messages in a thread and use it t frm respnses later in the cnversatin.
Accrding t an analysis by Swiss bank UBS，ChatGPT is the fastest grwing app f all time.In January，nly tw mnths after its launch，the UBS analysis estimated that ChatGPT wuld have 100 millin active users.Fr cmparisn，it tk nine mnths fr TikTk t reach 100 millin.
Despite lking very impressive，ChatGPT still has limitatins.Instead f asking fr clarificatin n ambiguus (模棱两可的) questins，the mdel just takes a guess at what yur questin means.“The primary prblem is that the answers that ChatGPT prduces have a high rate f being incrrect，” says a Stack Overflw mderatr in a pst.Critics argue that these tls are just very gd at putting wrds int an rder that makes sense frm a statistical pint f view，but they cannt understand the meaning r knw whether the statements it makes are crrect.Anther majr limitatin is that ChatGPT’s data is limited t 2021.
ChatGPT is an advanced chatbt that has the ptential t make peple’s lives easier and t assist with everyday tiring tasks，such as writing an email r having t navigate the web fr answers.Hwever，there are certain technical details that have t be figured ut befre it’s widely used t prevent negative utcmes such as the spread f misinfrmatin.In general，this AI mdel relies n lts f training and fine-tuning t reach a level f ideal perfrmance.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文，主要介绍了一款新型的智能聊天工具的特点、上市后所获得的成绩以及其存在的局限性。
9.What can we learn abut ChatGPT frm the first paragraph？
A.What its ptential market is.
B.It is develped jintly by tw cmpanies.
C.Why it enjys great ppularity.
D.It is a cnversatinal AI tl.
D [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Chat Generative Pre-trained Transfrmer(ChatGPT) a natural language prcessing tl driven by AI technlgy that allws yu t have human-like cnversatins with a chatbt.”可知，ChatGPT是一款可以让你与聊天机器人进行对话的智能聊天工具。故D项正确。]
10.What des the underlined wrd “it” in Paragraph 2 refer t？
A.Cntext.B.ChatGPT’s ability.
C.A thread.D.LLM.
A [代词指代题。根据第二段中的“What makes ChatGPT s impressive is its ability t lg cntext frm users’ earlier messages in a thread and use it t frm respnses later in the cnversatin.”可知，该聊天工具能够记录用户发送的一系列消息的语境。由此可推知，it指代该聊天工具所记录的信息的语境。故A项正确。]
11.What is a limitatin f ChatGPT？
A.Lw efficiency.
B.Disrdered wrds.
C.Pr accuracy.
D.Frequent crashes.
C [细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The primary prblem is that the answers that ChatGPT prduces have a high rate f being incrrect.”可知，该聊天工具的错误率很高，即其局限性是准确性差。故C项正确。]
12.What is the authr’s attitude t ChatGPT？
A.Unclear.B.Objective.
C.Dubtful.D.Satisfied.
B [观点态度题。通读全文可知，本文作者介绍了该聊天工具的特色及优点，同时也介绍了其存在的缺陷，故作者对待该聊天工具的态度是客观的。故B项正确。]
专家说考情
名师说对策
特点一：线索隐藏于“逻辑关系”，而非“孤立定义”
正确答案线索不再是简单同义词或反义词，而是藏于上下文因果、转折等逻辑关系中，考生需分析句内或句间逻辑链方能准确推断词义。
特点二：考查词汇趋向“熟词生义”或“精准语境义”
命题者常考查熟词生义或需结合上下文确定精准含义的词汇，要求考生不依赖词汇“第一反应”，需深入语境判断。
特点三：干扰项设置具有“强迷惑性”，常利用“字面义”或“片面义”
干扰项设计巧妙，常借词汇字面理解、孤立近义词或片面信息解释来混淆视听。
第一步：返回原文，利用“标点”和“逻辑词”定位线索区
找到画线词后需迅速扫描其上下文寻找线索，尤其关注破折号、冒号、括号后的解释说明，以及逻辑连词and、r、but、because、fr example 等提示信息。
第二步：运用“四大黄金法则”推断词义
找到逻辑关系后，可运用定义解释法(如借助破折号、同位语、定语从句的直接解释)、对比反差法(通过 but、while 等词从反义或对比关系反向推断)、并列类比法(依据 and 等词从并列关系中把握与并列成分感情色彩和方向一致的含义)、因果例证法(通过分析前因后果或具体例子)进行推断。
第三步：代入验证，确保“语境通顺”
将推断词义或所选选项代入原文替换画线部分通读句子，这是排除强干扰项、确保准确的最后安检。
2023·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读C选段
2025·全国一卷阅读B选段
2023·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C选段
2025·全国二卷阅读B选段
核心
单词
A篇
Para.3：prductin n.生产，制造，制作 Para.4：initially adv.开始，最初，起初 standard n.标准，水平；规格，规范 dmestic adj.本国的，国内的 Para.5：cmplex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的 advanced adj.先进的
B篇
Para.1：investigate v.调查，侦查(某事) Para.2：perspective n.态度，观点，思考方法 s-called adj.所谓的 ecsystem n.生态系统 generate v.产生，引起 Para.4：display v.显示，显露；表现
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.2：prfessin n.行业，职业→prfessinal n.专门人员，专业人士，专家 adj.职业的，专业的→prfessinally adv.娴熟地，老练地，内行地
B篇
Para.1：cmfrt v.安慰，抚慰→discmfrt v.使不舒服，使不安，使尴尬 Para.2：fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住→fascinatin n.入迷，着迷；魅力，极大的吸引力 Para.3：urban adj.城市的，都市的，城镇的→urbanize v.使城市化→urbanizatin n.城市化
核心
短语
A篇
Para.2：masses f 大量的 Para.5：be respnsible fr 对……负责 be cnsistent with与……一致
B篇
Para.2： armies f 大批的，大量的 Para.3 ： fall victim t成为……的牺牲品/受害者
熟词
生义
B篇
utfit(Para.2)常用义：n.全套服装→文章义：v.装备，配置设备
核心
单词
A篇
Para.3：schedule n.工作计划，日程安排 Para.4：bjective n.目标，目的 emphasize v.强调，重视，着重 humanistic adj.人文主义的
B篇
Para.1：strage n.贮存，贮藏(空间) Para.2：ptential adj.潜在的 release v.释放，放出，放走
Para.3：demnstrate v.证明，证实，论证，说明 transfrm v.使改变外观(或性质)，使改观 Para.4：unfreeze v.(使)解冻，化冻，融化 Para.5：regulate v.调节，控制(速度、压力、温度等) Para.6：breakdwn n.分解
C篇
Para.3：illustrate v.(用示例、图画等)说明，解释 prceed v.继续做；接着做，继而做 prcedure n.程序 apprach n.(待人接物或思考问题的)方式，方法，态度
核心
短语
A篇
Para.1：spring up冒出，涌出；突然生长或出现 be verwhelmed at...对……感到不知所措 Para.2：cme up出现；被提及，被讨论 Para.3：be crwded with挤满，充满
B篇
Para.2：act as充当；担任 Para.4：take ver接替，取代
C篇
Para.1：cme up with想出，提出 Para.2：be aimed at目的是，旨在 appeal t吸引 Para.3：run wild失控 cme dwn t归结为 cme t light暴露，真相大白 nthing mre than只不过
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.2：attractin n.吸引力，有吸引力的特征(或品质、人)→attract v.吸引；引起……的注意 incurius adj.不感兴趣的，不好奇的，漫不经心的→curius adj.好奇的，求知欲强的→curisity n.好奇心，求知欲 Para.3：relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的→relevance n.相关性
C篇
Para.1：impress v.使钦佩，使敬仰，给……留下深刻的好印象→impressed adj.(对……)钦佩，敬仰，有深刻的好印象→unimpressed adj.印象平平的，无深刻印象的 access v.到达，进入，使用→accessible adj.容易理解的，易懂的；可到达的，可接近的，可进入的，可使用的，可见到的
Para.3：assume v.假定，假设，认为→assumptin n.假定，假设
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：cmplex adj.复杂的，难懂的，费解的 Para.2：likelihd n.可能，可能性 identify v.确认，认出，鉴定；找到，发现 assess v.评估，评定(性质、质量)；估算，估定，核定(数量、价值) reject v.拒绝接受，不予考虑 Para.3：evidence n.证据，证明 Para.4：bundary n.边界，界限，分界线
B篇
Para.1：residential adj.住宅区的；家庭的，住宅的 Para.3：cmmerce n.商业 vibrant adj.充满活力的 Para.5：reveal v.揭示，揭露 purchase v.购买 Para.6：cautin n.小心，谨慎 blck v.阻塞；阻碍
C篇
Para.1：prper adj.合适的，恰当的 Para.4：reject v.拒绝
核心
短语
A篇
Para.3：be ples apart(两人或两事物)截然相反，大相径庭 at a glance看一眼(便知道)
C篇
Para.3：feel guilty fr ding sth.因做某事而感到内疚
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.1：credible adj.可信的，可靠的→incredible adj.不可相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的→incredibly adv.难以置信地；极端地，非常地 Para.3：accurate adj.精确的，准确的；正确无误的→inaccurate adj.不精确的，不准确的，有错误的→accuracy n.正确，准确；准确性，精确度 Para.4：amaze v.使大为惊奇，使惊愕→amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的，(尤指)令人惊喜(或惊羡、惊叹)的→amazed adj.大为惊奇→amazement n.吃惊，惊奇
B篇
Para.1：expect v.预料，预期；期望→expected adj.预料的，预期的→unexpected adj.想不到的，意外的，突然的 Para.3：recmmend v.推荐→recmmendatin n.推荐；建议