2026届高三英语二轮高效复习讲义阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题——去芜存菁，速抓文章主旨（Word版附解析）

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考法(一) 标题归纳题——文章主线定标题
标题归纳题是对考生宏观阅读能力的终极检验，要求考生穿透细节迷雾，精准把握文章核心思想和作者核心论点。这类题目不是简单考查词句理解，而是测试考生能否从整体上为文章选择最贴切的标题。
While safety imprvements might have been made t ur streets in recent years，transprt studies als shw declines in pedestrian (行人) mbility，especially amng yung children.Many parents say there’s t much traffic n the rads fr their children t walk safely t schl，s they pack them int the car instead.
Dutch authrs Thalia Verkade and Marc te Brömmelstret are bthered by facts like these.In their new bk Mvement： Hw t Take Back Our Streets and Transfrm Our Lives，they call fr a rethink f ur streets and the rle they play in ur lives.
Life n city streets started t change decades ag.Whle neighburhds were destryed t make way fr new rad netwrks and kids had t play elsewhere.Sme cmmunities fught back.Mst famusly，a Canadian jurnalist wh had mved her family t Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign t stp the destructin f her lcal park.Describing her alarm at its prpsed replacement with an expressway，Jane Jacbs called n her mayr (市长) t champin “New Yrk as a decent place t live，and nt just rush thrugh.” Similar campaigns ccurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well.
Althugh these campaigns were widespread，the reality is that the majrity f the western cities were cmpletely redesigned arund the needs f the mtr car.The number f cars n rads has been increasing rapidly.In Australia we nw have ver twenty millin cars fr just ver twenty-six millin peple，amng the highest rate f car wnership in the wrld.
We invest a lt in rads that help us rush thrugh，but we fail t accunt fr the true csts.D we really recgnise what it csts us as a sciety when children can’t mve safely arund ur cmmunities？ The authrs f Mvement have it right： it’s time t think differently abut that street utside yur frnt dr.
31.What can be a suitable title fr the text？
A.Why the Rush？ B.What’s Next？
C.Where t Stay？D.Wh t Blame？
自主解答 A
【技法图解】
1.运用4种方法解题
2.结合3大特点解题
3.排除3种错误选项
【解题应用】
本题可以根据关键词法解题。文中反复出现的关键词是rush thrugh，help us rush thrugh。故文章的核心是批判当前的城市规划和交通方式(以车为主)让人们“匆匆而过”(rush thrugh)，只追求通行效率(help us rush thrugh)，却忽视了这种“匆忙”(rush)带来的社会成本(如儿童失去安全活动的空间，活动能力下降)。作者呼吁重新思考街道的作用，让城市成为生活的地方，而不仅仅是通道。A项“Why the Rush？”(我们为何要如此匆忙？)直接点明了文章质疑的核心——这种追求速度、忽视生活质量的“匆忙”是否有必要？它是否值得付出如此高的社会代价？
考法(二) 文章大意题——整体理解定主旨
文章大意题主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解，要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力。考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上，通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动，概括出全文主旨。
We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd.Hwever，mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table.While farmer’s markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney，Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
BMF is an indr garden system.It can be set up fr a family.Additinally，it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital，restaurant r schl.The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
Specifically，it’s a farm that relies n new technlgy.By cnnecting thrugh the Clud，BMF is remtely mnitred.Als，there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time.Because the system is autmated，it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants.Rather than watering rws f sil，the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant.After harvest，users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
Mrever，having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad.In additin，there’s n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives.Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk.Inside the ffice，they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste，carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，” said a BMF emplyee.
31.What des the text mainly talk abut？
A.BMF’s majr strengths.
B.BMF’s general management.
C.BMF’s glbal influence.
D.BMF’s technical standards.
自主解答 A
【技法图解】
1.“体裁法”定主旨
2.“串线法”定主旨
【解题应用】
本题可以采用“串线法”定主旨。各段落的核心句共同构成了文章主旨。
综上所述，文章从各个方面凸显了BMF的优势。A项“BMF’s majr strengths.(BMF的主要优点。)”是最佳选项。
考法(三) 段落大意题——首尾兼顾定段意
段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解，要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息，然后对比选项，选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。解段落大意题时，可以采用“首尾兼顾法”。通常根据段落的组织模式快速找出段落主题句，从而归纳段落大意。
[2]Farber，a graduate f Clrad State University，started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief.Then he tried acupuncture，an ancient Chinese practice，and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments.What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients.S，after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years，he began ffering them t pets.
[3]Leigh Tindale’s dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin.After Charlie had a heart attack，Tindale says，she was prepared t put him t sleep，but Farber’s treatments eased her dg’s suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths.And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse，Nappy，“mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
26.What des Paragraph 3 mainly talk abut？
A.Steps f a chirpractic treatment.
B.The cmplexity f veterinarians’ wrk.
C.Examples f rare animal diseases.
D.The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
自主解答 D
【技法图解】
利用“段落组织模式”解题
【解题应用】
该段无单一主旨句，由两个并列的例子构成。通过列举狗和马两个成功治愈的案例，来证明Farber的替代疗法(Hlistic Medicine整体医学)的疗效。
匹配选项：D项“The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.(整体医学的有效性。)”hlistic medicine (整体医学) 是对Farber所用疗法(针灸、脊柱矫正等替代疗法)的恰当归类。该选项完美总结了本段的论证目的。
A
(2025·杭州市高三年级教学质量检测)When Alexander Fleming returned t his lab in 1928，he fund a bacteria culture he had grwn was infected by fungus (霉菌)，killing any clnies it tuched.Rather than simply starting ver，Fleming switched his fcus t the fungus.He identified the bacteria-killing substance，which he called “penicillin”，and seemingly at a single strke，created the new field f antibitics (抗生素).
That’s hw mst peple see innvatin：A flash f brilliance.Then eureka！ A new wrld is brn.The truth，hwever，is messier.It wasn’t until 1943 that penicillin came int widespread use.
T put Fleming’s discvery in cntext，cnsider Ignaz Semmelweis，wh pineered hand washing in maternity wards (产房)，significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scrn instead f fame.That was because in the 1850s，his ideas cnflicted with the ppular miasma thery，which attributed disease t “bad air”.After his death in 1865，germ thery was accepted，paving the way fr Fleming’s later wrk.
Fleming was a gifted bilgist but a pr cmmunicatr.When he published his results in 1929，few tk ntice.In 1935，Hward Flrey and Ernst Chain discvered Fleming’s paper，understd its imprtance，and develped methds t prduce penicillin in quantity.By 1943，with Wrld War Ⅱ raging，the War Prductin Bard enlisted 21 cmpanies t mass-prduce penicillin，saving cuntless lives and ushering in the new age f antibitics.Fleming，Flrey and Chain received the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin wes much f its success t gvernment supprt.Fr many ther grundbreaking innvatins like the Internet and GPS，their innvatrs，while carving their wn path，are ften uncertain f where the pprtunity lies until they team up with ther visinaries and crpratins，wh might have the resurces t fast-track their ideas.S，lk at any significant innvatin and the myth f the lne genius and the “eureka mment” breaks dwn.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章以Alexander Fleming 发明青霉素为例，阐述了创新并非是简单的灵光一现，而是一个复杂的过程。
1.What are the first tw paragraphs mainly abut？
A.An accunt f a lab stry.
B.Redefinitin f a traditinal view.
C.Crrectin f a ppular miscnceptin.
D.An analysis f a scientific phenmenn.
C [主旨大意题。前两段先讲述了Alexander Fleming发现青霉素的故事，接着讲述绝大多数人们认为创新是灵光一闪，指出这是对创新的普遍误解，实际上青霉素从发现到广泛应用并非如此简单。所以前两段重点在于纠正这种普遍误解。故选C项。]
2.What is the message cnveyed in Paragraph 3？
A.Great minds think alike.
B.The early bird catches the wrm.
C.Luck’s gt yur back when it cmes t success.
D.Early wrk is a stepping stne t later breakthrughs.
D [段落大意题。第三段讲述了Ignaz Semmelweis倡导洗手以减少产褥热。虽然当时他的想法受到鄙视，但他的工作为Fleming后来的工作奠定了基础。这体现了早期工作对后来突破的重要性。故选D项。]
3.What des the underlined part “ushering in” in Paragraph 4 mean？
A.Delaying.B.Intrducing.
C.Predicting.D.Transfrming.
B [词句猜测题。画线部分所在句提到21个公司量产青霉素，拯救了无数生命，并且“ushering in the new age f antibitics”。结合语境和选项可知，此处的意思是开启了抗生素的新时代，而不是“延迟、预测或转变”抗生素的新时代。故选B项。]
4.Which f the fllwing can be the best title？
A.Great Innvatins： Individuals Are True Heres
B.Frm Failure t Success： the Stry f Penicillin
C.The Lne Genius： Fleming’s Discvery f Penicillin
D.The Lng Rad t Penicillin： Hw Innvatin Happens
D [主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了青霉素从发现到广泛应用的漫长过程，并以青霉素为例，说明了创新并非是绝大部分人认为的天才的灵光一现，而是众多因素共同作用的结果，是个复杂的过程。故选D项。]
B
(2025·济南市高三模拟)Imagine waking up ne mrning t find yur smartphne missing.Yu can n lnger get guided t wrk，rder yur cffee，r cnnect with friends.Fr mst f us，it is a nightmare (噩梦).But it shuld nt be exactly far-fetched.
Despite being mre digitally cnnected than ever，we are lnelier and mre anxius.Anxiety rates increased by 25％ glbally.Depressin nw affects ver 280 millin peple wrldwide.All f this is due t ur grwing dependence n scial media and smart technlgies designed t ffer quick relief but ften at the expense f deep，meaningful engagement，which may further cause ur lss f smething easy t be ignred.
While these cnveniences ffer shrt-term relief，they may weaken ur thinking skills.Fr example，GPS has undeniably transfrmed hw we travel.But a 2020 study fund that frequent GPS users struggle mre with self-guided navigatin.Over time，thse wh depended mre n GPS shwed a sharp decline in spacial memry and prblem-slving skills.Hwever，reducing dependence n these cnveniences can lead t discmfrt.In seeking cmfrt tday，we might be trading away sme discmfrt.
That is the prblem： the very discmfrt we avid is ften what strengthens us.Viewing stress，a kind f discmfrt，as a challenge rather than a threat leads t better utcmes.Research shws that mild stress can enhance adaptability.Neurscience (神经科学) reveals that neurplasticity—the brain’s ability t frm new cnnectins—is enhanced thrugh challenging experiences.This adaptability is crucial fr develping resilience (适应力)，a prcess fueled by bth mental challenges and active effrt.
But this desn’t mean we shuld reject cmfrt entirely； it’s t balance it with intentinal discmfrt.Think f it as “micrdsing hardship”—a series f small，manageable difficulties that keep ur mental and emtinal muscles strng，such as writing with a pen，r washing dishes by hand.These small acts are enugh t reawaken the resilience we’ve buried under layers f ease.S，the next time yu feel the pull f ease，pause.Ask yurself：Is this mmentary cmfrt helping me grw r is it keeping me stuck？Chsing discmfrt isn’t easy，but smetimes，it’s wrth it.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。文章通过指出数字便利会给人们带来思维能力被削弱等潜在负面影响，说明了不适感可以给人们带来好处，并提倡通过“微剂量困难”来增强心理和情感韧性。
5.What des the underlined wrd “far-fetched” in Paragraph 1 prbably mean？
A.Pssible t change.
B.Certain t functin.
C.Unlikely t be settled.
D.Unable t be accepted.
D [词句猜测题。画线词前面讲到对我们大多数人来说，这(离开智能手机)是一场噩梦。根据画线词所在句中的But 可知，此处表转折，与上文意思相反，表示但这并非无法接受。故选D项。]
6.What may digital cnveniences cause accrding t the text？
A.The fast but wrthless relief.
B.The meaningful engagement.
C.The lss f thinking capacity.
D.The lack f necessary cmfrt.
C [细节理解题。根据第三段首句“While these cnveniences ffer shrt-term relief，they may weaken ur thinking skills.”(虽然这些便利提供了短期的解脱，但它们可能会削弱我们的思维能力)可知，数字便利可能导致思考能力的下降及丧失。故选C项。]
7.Which is a real-life applicatin f “micrdsing hardship”？
A.Taking the stairs instead f the lift.
B.Ordering take-ut fd after wrk.
C.Explring a new city by using GPS.
D.Writing an email using vice-t-text.
A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Think f it as ‘ micrdsing hardship’—a series f washing dishes by hand”(把它想象成“微剂量困难”——一系列小的、可以处理的困难，这些困难能让我们的心理和情绪肌肉保持强壮，如用笔写字，或者用手洗碗)可知，采取“微剂量困难”的实际行动是做一些小的、可以处理的困难的事情。A项“走楼梯而不是乘电梯”符合，故选A项。]
8.What can be a suitable title fr the text？
A.GPS： the Invisible Cst f Cnvenience
B.Stress： the Main Cause f Brain Damage
C.Discmfrt： a Hidden Surce f Resilience
D.Smartphnes： Barriers t Human Prgress
C [主旨大意题。通读全文尤其是第四段中的“That is the prblem： the very discmfrt we avid is ften what strengthens us.”(那就是问题所在：我们避免的不适往往正是让我们变得坚强的东西)可知，文章主要以数字便利带来的潜在负面影响为切入点，讲述了不适感可以通过让我们经历挑战来增强我们的适应力。因此C项最符合文章的主旨。故选C项。]
(六)主旨大意题专练1(标题归纳题)
A
(2025·太原高三年级模拟考试)Many peple encurage cmpetitin and fcus n success.“ Giving up” is frwned upn.We are verjyed at stries f peple wh persevered and succeeded.Friends and clleagues always encurage yu t keep trying.“If at first yu dn’t succeed，try，try again.” “Fllw yur dream！ Winners never quit！”
Perseverance is indeed imprtant，t a limit.Hwever，never take it t far.Fr ne thing，gals and dreams might be beynd reach.Stries f achieving childhd dreams thrugh perseverance might be uplifting，but they suffer frm “selectin bias”.Put simply，they are nt infrmative，because nbdy tells stries abut the many peple wh persevered but failed after wasting a gd part f their lives.It is indeed frustrating if yu fllw an unrealistic dream.Fr anther，every rad taken means anther rad is nt taken.An unrealistic gal means missing ut n ther pprtunities.What if everybdy with the childhd dream f becming an astrnaut persistently kept trying frever？ Winners always wisely chse what t quit and what t pursue.
Recent studies have shwn that being able t give up sme gals and dreams and redirect yur energy tward mre reasnable nes is imprtant fr mental well-being and leads t higher quality f life in the lng term.The psychlgical term is “gal disengagement”.If yu are currently devting t much time and effrt t an unattainable gal，here are sme hints that might help.
First，d nt tie a gal t yur identity.Nbdy can be defined by a single gal r interest.Besides，disengage frm a gal but keep sme f the effrt.It’s called “turning it int a hbby”.Few stamp and cin cllectrs desire t becme prfessinals，yet many enjy cllecting.Last and mst imprtant，d nt think f giving up as a failure，but as a chice.Yur time is limited.Try new activities，rediscver previus interests，and revise yur ambitins.Be hnest with yurself abut yur chances，and chse the gals that best suit yu.And remember that，when yu give up a gal，yu d nt fail.Yu make a chice t free up yur time fr ther pssibilities.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。坚持不懈固然重要，但不能过度，因为有些目标可能遥不可及，坚持不切实际的目标意味着错过其他机会。研究表明，能够放弃一些目标并将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康和提高生活质量很重要。
1.What result may “selectin bias” bring t peple？
A.Setting self-limitatin.
B.Giving up mre easily.
C.Misjudging the situatin.
D.Ignring successful stries.
C [推理判断题。根据题干中的“selectin bias”将答案定位在第二段。第二段的“Stries f achieving childhd dreams thrugh perseverance might be is indeed frustrating if yu fllw an unrealistic dream”讲通过坚持不懈实现童年梦想的故事可能会令人振奋，但这存在“选择偏倚”；简单来说，这些故事并没有提供有用的信息，因为没人会讲述许多人浪费了生命中相当一部分时间去坚持却最终失败的故事，如果你追随一个不切实际的梦想，那确实会令人沮丧。这意味着“选择偏倚”会让人们只看到成功的故事，从而错误判断形势，认为只要坚持就能成功，故选C。]
2.Hw can peple benefit frm “gal disengagement”？
A.By mtivating their desire fr success.
B.By gaining a sense f self-satisfactin.
C.By telling easy gals frm difficult gals.
D.By saving energy t fcus n practical gals.
D [细节理解题。根据题干中的“gal disengagement”将答案定位在第三段。第三段前两句讲最近的研究表明，能够放弃一些目标和梦想，将精力转向更合理的目标对心理健康很重要，从长远来看会带来更高质量的生活，这在心理学上叫“目标脱离”。所以人们通过节省精力专注实际目标从“目标脱离”中受益，故选D。]
3.Which f the fllwing may the authr agree with？
A.Accepting failure with ease des make sense.
B.One can make a hbby ut f an unattainable gal.
C.Turn t prfessinals when realizing persnal gals.
D.Chsing a gal is mre challenging than realizing it.
B [观点态度题。第四段的“disengage frm a gal but keep sme f the effrt.It’s called ‘turning it int a hbby’”讲从一个目标中脱离出来，但仍保留一些努力，这被称为“把它变成一种爱好”，接着作者以集邮者和钱币收藏者为例来进行说明。所以作者可能同意一个人可以把无法实现的目标变成一种爱好，故选B。]
4.Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text？
A.Identity Crisis：Be True t Yurself
B.Gals r Hbbies：Make Yur Chice
C.Never Say Never：The Key t Success
D.Winners D Quit：Be Wise Abut Yur Gals
D [主旨大意题。文章开篇提到人们鼓励竞争和坚持，接着指出坚持要有限度，过度坚持不切实际的目标会带来问题，然后说明“目标脱离”的重要性，并给出相关建议。所以文章主要讨论的是要明智地对待目标，懂得放弃不切实际的目标，故D项“成功者会放弃：明智地对待你的目标”最适合作本文标题。]
B
(2025·武汉高中毕业生四月调研)Heidi Tait，c-funder f Tangara Blue Fundatin，an rganizatin cmmitted t beach cleaning，was puzzled when she and her teammates started finding strange tire-shaped capsules washed ashre alng the Cape Yrk cast，near Australia’s nrtheastern tip.But Tait eventually cnnected with Satlink—a Spanish satellite cmmunicatins cmpany.Satlink’s CPS-enabled buys (浮标)，the nes the beach cleaners kept finding，help cmmercial fishers track their nets，lines etc.Tait had a brainwave that wuld see the buys nt just recycled but reused.
Fr mre than a decade，bat crews wrking farther west，in Australia’s Gulf f Carpentaria，had been telling Tait abut hw abandned fishing nets were circling the gulf，hurting sea creatures.These s-called ghst (幽灵) nets had either brken free frm cmmercial fishing bats and gtten lst，r were cut lse by fishers after getting caught n rcks.Weighing a few tnnes each，the nets that bat crews had chanced upn in the gulf were ften t big fr them t pull ut f the water.They’d typically reprt the finds t the authrities，but by the time anyne with an apprpriately equipped bat culd head ut t get ne，the mass f messy rpe had ften gne frm sight.
Hwever，nce ne f the GPS-enabled buys is attached，it sends its lcatin every few hurs t a website，which lets Tangara Blue Fundatin mnitr the nets’ mvements and warns the rganizatin f danger.S far，the reused GPS trackers have helped Tangara Blue Fundatin recver three ghst nets frm Australian waters.
Tangara Blue Fundatin’s idea t track ghst nets isn’t entirely new； researchers with the Cmmnwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisatin (CSIRO)，Australia’s natinal science agency，suggested it a decade ag.Taking the idea n bard，the authrities tried using battery-pwered trackers t mnitr a few ghst nets.Tangara Blue Fundatin’s apprach differs in that its recycled buys are slar-pwered and require less upkeep.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。Tangara Blue Fundatin组织将原本被冲到岸上的带有全球定位系统功能的浮标回收再利用，用其来追踪幽灵渔网，从而保护海洋生物。
5.What were the tire-shaped capsules riginally used fr？
A.Remving beach waste.
B.Recycling vehicle tires.
C.Lcating fishing equipment.
D.Strengthening satellite signals.
C [细节理解题。文章第一段首句提到Tait和她的队友们在海岸上发现了一些奇怪的、轮胎形状的小塑料容器，接着Tait联系了西班牙卫星通信公司Satlink，得知这些小塑料容器是Satlink的产品，即带有全球定位系统功能的浮标。根据第一段的“Satlink’s GPS-enabled buys(浮标) cmmercial fishers track their nets，lines etc”可知，这些浮标帮助商业渔民追踪他们的渔网、鱼线等设备，故选C。选项中的Lcating对应文中的track，“fishing equipment”对应文中的“their nets，lines etc”。]
6.What des the authr intend t d in Paragraph 2？
A.Illustrate a future pssibility.
B.Describe a technical prcess.
C.Present a practical slutin.
D.Frame a prblem cntext.
D [推理判断题。第二段主要讲在澳大利亚的卡奔塔利亚湾，废弃的渔网，即幽灵渔网，在海湾中转圈，伤害海洋生物，而且这些渔网太大以至于船员们无法将其从水中拉出，在报告给官方后，等有人带着合适设备的船去打捞时，渔网往往又不见了。作者在第二段描述了幽灵渔网造成的问题以及处理这些问题所面临的困境，也就是构建了一个问题背景，故选D。]
7.Hw d Tangara Blue Fundatin’s buys utperfrm earlier trackers？
A.They need less maintenance.
B.They mnitr brader regins.
C.They receive gvernment funding.
D.They prvide precise tracking data.
A [细节理解题。最后一段讲官方早期使用的追踪器是电池供电的。再根据最后一段的“Tangara Blue Fundatin’s apprach differs in that its recycled buys are slar-pwered and require less upkeep”可知，Tangara Blue Fundatin使用的浮标与早期追踪器的不同之处在于这些回收的浮标是太阳能供电的，且需要更少的维护。故选A。选项中的 maintenance与文中的upkeep是同义词。]
8.What is the best title fr the text？
A.Turning Waste int Treasure： A Fix t Ghst Nets
B.Fighting Threats： The Hidden Harm f Ghst Nets
C.Financing Change： Innvative Ocean Cleanup Plans
D.Prtecting Seas frm Waste： An Activist f Cnservatin
A [主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Tangara Blue Fundatin 组织使用回收的带有全球定位系统功能的浮标追踪幽灵渔网，故A项“变废为宝：解决幽灵渔网的方法”最适合作本文标题。]
C
(2025·石家庄普通高中毕业质检)King Shahryar，betrayed (背叛) by his wife，decides t marry a new wman each night and have her killed by mrning t ensure he is never betrayed again.Scheherazade vlunteers t marry the king.Each evening，she begins an engaging stry but stps at dawn，leaving him eager fr mre.Night after night，she keeps him attracted with new tales，and ver 1，001 nights，the king falls in lve with her and abandns his cruel ways.
This ancient tale frm One Thusand and One Nights highlights strytelling’s impact.Our recent research shws that strng strytelling skills can dramatically imprve smene’s well-being.
At its cre，strytelling helps peple find meaning frm life’s chas.Studies shw we shape ur identities by turning experiences int persnal stries.Skilled strytellers excel at tw key skills： They need t cnnect events lgically and they must learn t see the wrld thrugh the eyes f their characters，understanding the “why” f what drives peple.Applying these tw skills t their wn lives，skillful strytellers use the first t identify and pursue what gives their life meaning，while the secnd develps a mindset that priritizes the “why” behind their actins ver just the “hw”.
T illustrate this pint，we cnducted studies with 800 participants.We measured strytelling ability thrugh self-reprts，friend evaluatins and expert reviews n lab experiments where each participant tld ne stry abut himself and the ther with three given randm wrds.In additin t these assessments f strytelling skills，we asked participants questins t get a sense f hw meaningful they fund life and whether they apprached decisins with a “why” mindset rather than a “hw” mindset.
Results cnsistently linked strytelling skills t strnger life meaning and gal clarity.Persnality als mattered： Peple pen t new experiences cllected mre interesting life stries，while shy peple used strytelling t balance ut their limited scial interactin.
A strng “why” mindset cnnects with reduced stress and extended life.Strytelling als builds scial cnnectins.By helping peple express their purpse and build relatinships，stries may indirectly strengthen bth mental and physical health.
Strytelling wrkshps，nw ppular glbally，may d mre than teach cmmunicatin—they culd help participants redefine their life’s directin.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。本文通过《一千零一夜》中的一个古老故事引出对讲故事的影响力的阐述。最近的研究表明，强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感，帮助人们从生活的混乱中找到意义，并建立社交联系。
9.Why des the authr mentin Scheherazade’s stries in the first paragraph？
A.T shw Scheherazade’s cleverness.
B.T entertain readers with a classic tale.
C.T intrduce the tpic f strytelling.
D.T cmpare ancient and mdern stries.
C [推理判断题。文章第一段讲述了Scheherazade的故事，接着第二段首句讲这个来自《一千零一夜》的古老故事突显了讲故事的影响力，然后说最近的研究表明，强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感，下文围绕此研究结果具体阐述了讲故事的影响力。由此可推知，作者在第一段提到Scheherazade的故事是为了引出讲故事这个话题，故选C。]
10.What des the “why” mindset primarily fcus n？
A.Cmpleting daily tasks efficiently.
B.Aviding stressful situatins.
C.Memrizing randm life events.
D.Understanding life’s purpse.
D [推理判断题。第三段介绍了熟练的讲故事者擅长的两大关键技能，即逻辑连贯地串联起各个事件、通过故事中人物的视角理解驱动人们行动背后的“为什么”；讲故事者将其运用到自己的生活中，形成一种优先考虑行动背后的“为什么”而非仅仅“如何做”的思维模式。再结合第五段的“Results cnsistently linked strytelling skills t strnger life meaning and gal clarity”可知，讲故事的技能与更强的生活意义感和更清晰的目标感相关联。由此可知，“为什么”思维模式主要关注理解行动背后的原因，即生活的意义和目标，故选D。]
11.What were participants asked t d in the lab experiment？
A.Share persnal interests in a grup.
B.Tell a stry with wrds prvided.
C.Reflect n the “why” behind their actins.
D.Cnnect events int a meaningful stry.
B [细节理解题。根据第四段的“each participant tld ne stry abut himself and the ther with three given randm wrds”可知，在实验室实验中，每位参与者要讲一个关于自己的故事，另一个故事则要用随机给出的三个单词来讲述。由此可知，参与者被要求用给定的单词讲一个故事，故选B。]
12.Which can be the best title fr the text？
A.Scheherazade’s Survival in an Ancient Tale
B.Hw Peple’s Strytelling Abilities Develp
C.Living a Meaningful Life thrugh Strytelling
D.Why Shy Peple Attend Strytelling Wrkshps
C [主旨大意题。文章开篇用Scheherazade的故事引出本文话题——讲故事的影响力，表明强大的讲故事能力能显著提升一个人的幸福感；第三段从理论层面阐述讲故事的两大关键技能及其帮助人们从生活的混乱中找到意义的核心作用；第四段介绍研究过程和方法；第五段呈现研究结果，即讲故事的技能与更强的生活意义和更清晰的目标相关；第六段进一步阐述讲故事的其他积极影响；第七段总结讲故事讲习班的价值。由此可知，本文主要强调了讲故事帮助人们找到生活的意义，提升人们的幸福感。故C项“通过讲故事过有意义的生活”最适合作本文的标题。]
(七)主旨大意题专练2(文章大意题＋段落大意题)
A
(2025·武汉高中毕业生调研考试)A crn plant knws hw t find water in sil with the very tips f its rts，but sme varieties，including many used fr develping high-utput crn in the U.S.，appear t have lst part f that ability，accrding t a Stanfrd-led study.With climate change increasing drughts，the findings hld ptential fr develping mre drught-resistant varieties f crn.
The study，published in the jurnal Science，uncvers genetic mechanisms (遗传机制) behind rt “hydrpatterning”，r hw plant rts branch tward water and avid dry spaces in sil.In particular，the researchers discvered that ethylene，a plant hrmne (激素) knwn t help bananas ripen，als influences hw rts grw t seek water.
Fr this study，the researchers develped a new，simplified way t study water sensitivity in rts.They fund crn varieties adapted t ht and wet regins like Mexic were very gd at making new rt branches tward water and aviding dry areas.In cntrast，the varieties adapted t mderate regins f Nrth America frequently grew rts randmly withut distinguishing between dry and wet areas in the sil.
“Interestingly，the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are als making deeper rt systems，” said lead authr Jhannes Scharwies.“One idea is that if the plant desn’t waste time grwing rt branches int places where it desn’t find any water and nutrients，then it has mre energy t grw deeper dwn where water is mre likely.”
Genetic analyses reveal tw plant hrmnes，auxin and ethylene，play a rle in hw crn rts respnd t water.While auxin was already knwn t help cntrl this prcess，ethylene’s invlvement was a new discvery.In experiments with thale cress—a mdel plant ften used in research—the researchers fund auxin signaling prmtes rt branch develpment tward water，while ethylene stps branching when the rt is expsed t air.
Further research is needed t better understand the interactin f these genetic pathways befre crn varieties can be develped with mre drught-resistant rt systems，but the findings highlight the significance f studying these lcalized respnses at rt tips，researchers said.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦福大学主导的一项研究揭示了植物根系如何通过遗传机制寻找水分。研究发现，乙烯和生长素这两种植物激素在玉米根系对水分的反应中起作用。这些发现为培育更具抗旱性的玉米品种提供了潜力。
1.What is the primary fcus f the Stanfrd-led study？
A.Drught-resistant crn varieties.
B.Ethylene’s effect n fruit ripening.
C.Genetic regulatin f rt branching.
D.Impact f climate change n plant rts.
C [细节理解题。根据第二段的“The genetic mechanisms(遗传机制)behind rt‘hydrpatterning’，r hw plant rts branch tward water and avid dry spaces in sil”可知，这项研究揭示了根系“向水性模式”背后的遗传机制，即植物根系如何朝着水分生长并避开土壤中的干燥区域。故研究的主要焦点是根系分支的遗传调控，故选C。]
2.What can be inferred frm Jhannes Scharwies’ remarks？
A.Plant hrmnes make a big difference t rt grwth.
B.Nutrients guarantee better water-seeking rt systems.
C.Rt branching cnserves energy fr higher prductin.
D.Strnger hydrpatterning is linked t greater rt depth.
D [推理判断题。根据第四段的“Interestingly，the plants that are better at sensing where the water is are als making deeper rt systems”可知，Jhannes Scharwies说那些更善于感知水源位置的植物，其根系系统也更深。由此可知，植物根系的“向水性模式”越强大，其根越深，故选D。]
3.What des Paragraph 5 mainly talk abut？
A.Mdel plants in research.
B.Hrmnes’ rle in rt grwth.
C.Genetic analysis methds.
D.Findings f previus research.
B [主旨大意题。第五段首句是本段的主旨句，即基因分析显示，两种植物激素——生长素和乙烯——在玉米根系对水分的反应中发挥着作用，接着分别介绍两种植物激素所发挥的不同作用。所以第五段主要讲激素在根系生长中的作用，故选B。]
4.What des the last paragraph suggest future research d？
A.Priritize develpment f new crn varieties.
B.Wrk ut the mechanisms f genetic interactins.
C.Cncentrate merely n lcalized rt respnses.
D.Expand practical applicatins f hydrpatterning.
B [细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Further research is needed t better understand the interactin f these genetic pathways befre crn varieties can be develped with mre drught-resistant rt systems”可知，在培育出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种之前，人们还需要进一步研究，以更好地了解这些遗传神经通路之间的相互作用。由此可知，未来的研究应该弄清楚遗传相互作用的机制，然后才能开发出更具抗旱性根系的玉米品种，故选B。]
B
(2025·郑州高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was arund 5 years ld.He nticed a cuple f caterpillars (毛虫) in his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars can disguise (伪装) themselves t stay safe in ptentially dangerus surrundings.Frm there，he started t learn mre abut caterpillars and butterflies.
Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial rle in ur ecsystems.They’re very lw n the fd web，s they supprt a lt f different species that rely n them.They’re an indicatr species fr the health f the envirnment.Once they disappear，everything else is sn t fllw.
Jurman’s gal is t transfrm the landscape f Flrida’s Brward Cunty by turning a weedy suburb int a lively butterfly reserve at a time when insect ppulatins are decreasing quickly wrldwide.Jurman believes that every flwer planted is a ptential hme and surce f fd fr caterpillars and butterflies.He eventually develped a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different plants that butterflies prefer.He has already raised and released mre than 5，000 butterflies frm his garden.
Jurman als launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign t educate peple abut butterflies and invite them t jin his cause f prtecting butterflies.He said that a lt f peple are surprised t learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate，largely because the decline has been s gradual.This phenmenn helps t explain why peple are unwilling t take meaningful actins t save the envirnment.
In 2018，Jurman helped t build a butterfly garden at his high schl.The garden has had a regenerative effect n the surrunding envirnment—birds，native lizards，and ther insects have returned in great numbers.Other schls have been inspired t start gardens.“I dn’t knw if we can ever reach the pint that we were nce at with butterflies，but I think that if everyne gets invlved and starts their wn garden，they can make their wn impact，” Jurman said.
[语篇解读]本文是记叙文。本文主要讲述了Duncan Jurman在保护蝴蝶方面的努力，包括发起“让蝴蝶回归”的运动，在他的后院开发了一个蝴蝶友好型的花园，在他学校建立蝴蝶花园等。他还呼吁人们都参与到蝴蝶保护中来。
5.What des Paragraph 2 mainly talk abut？
A.The fd chain f insects.
B.The cmpetitin between species.
C.The ptential danger t butterflies.
D.The vital rle f butterflies in nature.
D [主旨大意题。根据第二段内容可知，首句“Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial rle in ur ecsystems”(Jurman认为蝴蝶在我们的生态系统中扮演着至关重要的角色)为段落主旨句，后面内容(蝴蝶在食物网的位置很低，所以它们养活了很多依赖它们的不同物种。它们是环境健康的指示物种。一旦它们消失，其他的东西很快就会跟着消失)都是对这一句话的解释。所以本段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自然中的重要角色，故选D项。]
6.Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden？
A.T teach peple abut butterflies.
B.T study butterflies’ favrite plants.
C.T increase the number f butterflies.
D.T imprve the beauty f his backyard.
C [推理判断题。根据第三段可知Jurman的目标是改变佛罗里达州布劳沃德县的景观，在全世界昆虫数量迅速减少的时候，把杂草丛生的郊区变成一个令人兴奋的蝴蝶保护区。他最终在他的后院创建了一个蝴蝶友好型的花园。他已经在自己的花园里饲养并放飞了5 000多只蝴蝶。所以可以推测他创建蝴蝶友好型的花园是为了增加蝴蝶数量，故选C项。]
7.Which shws the phenmenn mentined in the text？
A.Peple’s unawareness f envirnmental changes.
B.The impact f human activities n insect habitats.
C.The rapid decline f butterfly ppulatins wrldwide.
D.The prcess f transfrming natural landscapes int reserves.
A [推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，Jurman说许多人发现昆虫数量正以惊人速度减少时是很惊讶的，主要是因为下降是逐渐的，这种现象帮助解释为什么人们不愿意采取重大行动保护环境。所以推断文中提到的现象是人们没有注意到自然环境的变化。故选A项。]
8.What can be inferred frm Jurman’s wrds in the last paragraph？
A.Mre gardens are built t increase the number f ther insects.
B.Jurman is pessimistic abut the future f the butterfly ppulatin.
C.It’s impssible t restre butterflies’ ppulatin t their previus levels.
D.Peple’s jint effrts can have a great impact n the butterfly ppulatin.
D [推理判断题。根据最后一段Jurman说的话(我不知道我们是否能达到我们曾经对蝴蝶的保护程度，但我认为，如果每个人都参与进来，开始自己的花园，他们就能产生自己的影响)可推知，人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶种群产生很大的影响。故选D项。]
C
(2025·郑州高中毕业年级第二次质量预测)Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gld crwns (人造冠)，scientists are explring hw gld can be used t repair damaged parts f the brain.
Scientists at Linköping University in Sweden said that a “brain f gld” might just be what we need t fight nervus system diseases.The plan is t put gld electrdes (电极) int the affected part f the brain.They will act as “telephne peratrs” between nerve cells and electrnic medical devices，enabling cmmunicatin s that the nervus system can functin nrmally.
Treatment plans that invlve cnnecting medical devices t the brain already exist.Hwever，the electrdes used are usually made f hard metals，while the brain is like a jelly that “shakes” at the bdy’s slightest mvement.
“As the bdy is cnstantly in mtin，achieving clse cntact between smething that is hard and smething that is sft and breakable becmes a prblem，” explained Klas Tybrandt，ne f the scientists.
This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gld nanwires” (金纳米线).As the name suggests，these are lng，extremely thin gld threads—1，000 times thinner than human hair.By putting them int rubber，the scientists have successfully created electrdes that are sft enugh t cnnect cmfrtably with the human brain.
Gld can be made int structures as small as nanwires.Accrding t Live Science，gld can be stretched，pressed r even rlled int all kinds f shapes withut breaking.What’s mre，gld desn’t react with ther chemicals in the human brain，making it a safe chice.Once placed in the brain，gld nanwires can last fr at least three years，which is lnger than many materials currently in use.
[语篇解读]本文是说明文。瑞典科学家研发了新材料“金纳米线”来探索黄金在人类神经系统治疗方面的潜在应用。用这种新材料产生的金电极治疗大脑的方法解决了传统电极材料的硬度难题，更安全、长效。
9.What rle will gld electrdes play in treating nervus system diseases？
A.Replacing damaged nerve cells.
B.Serving as a cmmunicatin link.
C.Activating different brain regins.
D.Prtecting the brain’s unaffected parts.
B [细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“They will act as ‘telephne peratrs’ cmmunicatin s that the nervus system can functin nrmally”可知，金电极将充当神经细胞和电子医疗设备之间的“电话接线员”，使沟通成为可能，这样神经系统就能够正常运作。所以金电极充当了沟通连接物，故选B。]
10.What can we learn abut gld nanwires？
A.They are harder than rubber.
B.They are as thin as human hair.
C.They can be placed int the brain.
D.They are in the final stage f develpment.
C [细节理解题。第二段讲到方案是把金电极置于大脑的受影响区域；再根据第五段可知，瑞典科学家正在使用一种名为“金纳米线”的新材料，通过将其置于橡胶中，科学家成功创造出了足够柔软的电极(即第二段中的金电极)，可以舒适地与人类大脑连接。所以可知“金纳米线”可以被放入大脑中。故选C项。]
11.Why is gld a safe chice fr use in the brain？
A.It can be stretched by the brain.
B.It can be made int varius shapes.
C.It is being used t create sft electrdes.
D.It has n negative impact n the brain’s functins.
D [细节理解题。根据第六段中的“gld desn’t react with ther chemicals in the human brain，making it a safe chice”可知，黄金不会与人脑中的其他化学物质发生反应，因此它是一个安全的选择，故选D项。]
12.What is the main idea f the passage？
A.The unique prperties f gld nanwires.
B.The histry f gld use in the medical field.
C.The current applicatins f gld in the brain.
D.The ptential use f gld in nervus system treatment.
D [主旨大意题。第一段引出话题——科学家们正在探索如何利用黄金来修复大脑受损的部分；第二段讲述黄金修复大脑的原理；第三、四段讲述现有治疗方案的弊端及寻找新方案的必要性；第五段讲述新材料“金纳米线”及其工作原理；第六段讲述黄金这种材料的优势。所以本文主要讲述了黄金在人类神经系统治疗方面的潜在应用。故选D。]
专家说考情
名师说对策
特点一：考查核心从“概括内容”到“提炼观点/梳理脉络”
传统主旨题侧重总结内容，新高考更重提炼作者的核心观点或梳理文章发展脉络，正确答案是对作者思想转变、论证过程或情感升华的高度浓缩，而非事实的简单陈列。
特点二：考查形式从“文章关于什么”到“作者为何而写”
写作意图类题目增多，要求考生不止读懂表层信息，更需洞察深层意图(如知识科普、警示、倡导变革等)，核心在于识别文章语气与态度。
特点三：干扰项设置从“明显无关”到“以偏概全”
主旨题干扰项多为文中重要细节或阶段性观点，看似有理却难覆全文，考生若局限局部则易落入陷阱。
第一步：关注“首尾”与“转折”，快速勾勒文章骨架
文章骨架多藏于关键处，阅读时需格外留意首段引出话题、提出问题的“龙头”，末段总结观点、发出呼吁的“凤尾”，各段常为中心句的首句，以及But、Hwever、Yet、Althugh等强转折词后作者真正想强调的核心信息，快速串联这些关键点便能在心中形成清晰的文章结构图。
第二步：淡化“细节”，提炼“高频词”与“核心逻辑”
做主旨题需刻意练习忽略细节，不过多纠缠人名、数据或例子，而应关注反复出现的高频核心词，厘清其逻辑关系，思考作者如何通过这些核心词推进论述或展开故事情节，这一核心逻辑链便是文章主线。
第三步：比对选项，运用“覆盖原则”进行终极筛选
做主旨题时，需将提炼的主旨与选项逐一比对，用“覆盖原则”检验：看选项能否概括文章每一部分，同时用排除法剔除仅概括某段或细节的片面选项、范围远超文章范畴的宽泛选项，以及与原文相悖或未提及的事实错误(无中生有)选项。
2025·全国一卷阅读C
2024·新课标Ⅱ卷阅读C
引出优势(Para.1)
Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.
便捷优势(Para.2)
little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply...
技术优势(Para.3)
reduces the amunt f water needed...
环保优势(Para.4)
need fr pesticides...
理念优势 (Para.5)
BMF emplyees live ut sustainability...
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读B选段
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：identify v.确认，认出，鉴定；找到，发现 Para.2：innvatin n.(新事物、思想或方法的)创造，创新，改革；新思想，新方法 Para.5：grundbreaking adj.开创性的，创新的，革新的
B篇
Para.2：relief n.(不快过后的)宽慰，轻松，解脱 engagement n.(与……的)密切关系；(对……的)了解 Para.3：transfrm v.使改变，使转换 Para.4：reveal v.揭示，显示，透露 enhance v.提高，增强，增进 crucial adj.至关重要的，关键性的
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.3：significant adj.有重大意义的，显著的；意味深长的→significantly adv.有重大意义地，显著地，明显地→significance n.(尤指对将来有影响的)重要性，意义；意思，含义
B篇
Para.2：depress v.使抑郁，使沮丧，使消沉，使失去信心→depressin n.抑郁，沮丧，消沉
Para.4：adapt v.适应(新情况)→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的→adaptability n.适应性
Para.5：intend v.打算，想要→intentin n.打算，目的→intentinal adj.故意的，有意的，存心的
熟词
生义
A篇
culture(Para.1)常用义：n.文化，文明→文章义：n.培养物，培养细胞，培养菌
B篇
fuel(Para.4)常用义：n.燃料→文章义：v.增加，加强，刺激
核心
短语
A篇
Para.1：switch ne’s fcus t 把某人的注意力转移到 at a single strke一下子 Para.2：cme int use 开始被使用 Para.3：cnflict with 冲突 把……归因于……，认为……是由于…… Para.5：team up with...与……合作，与……协作
B篇
Para.1：cnnect with(与某人)建立良好关系，沟通 Para.2：at the expense f 以……为代价
核心
单词
A篇
Para.2：bias n.偏见，成见，偏心 unrealistic adj.不现实的，不切实际的 pursue v.追求，致力于，执行；继续探讨(或追究、从事) Para.4：revise v.改变，修正；(考试前)温习，复习
B篇
Para.1：track v.跟踪，追踪 Para.2：abandned adj.被离弃的，被遗弃的，被抛弃的
Para.3：attach v.系，绑，贴，固定，连接，附上
C篇
Para.1：abandn v.放弃，中止；抛弃，遗弃(某人)；离弃，逃离(某地方、交通工具等)
Para.2：highlight v.突出，强调 identity n.身份；(区别人或群体的)特性；(两件事物的)相同，一致 pursue v.追求，继续进行 Para.5：cnsistently adv.一致地 clarity n.清楚，清晰，明确
核心
短语
A篇
Para.2：put simply简单地说 Para.3：in the lng term长期来看
B篇
Para.1：be cmmitted t 致力于…… Para.2：break free frm sth./sb.逃脱……，挣脱……
chance upn/n 偶然发现，碰巧遇到 Para.4：take sth.n bard 接受，采纳(建议、想法等)
C篇
Para.1：at dawn 在黎明 Para.3：把……运用到…… Para.5：balance ut 抵消，相抵
熟词
生义
B篇
wash (Para.1)常用义：v.洗，洗涤 文章义：v.冲击，冲刷，冲向
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.1：cmpete v.竞争，对抗；参加比赛(或竞赛)→cmpetitin n.竞争，角逐；比赛，竞赛→cmpetitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的 persevere v.坚持，孜孜以求→Para.2：perseverance n.不屈不挠，坚持不懈 frustrate v.使懊丧，使懊恼，使沮丧→frustrated adj.懊丧的，懊恼的，沮丧的→frustrating adj.令人懊丧的，令人懊恼的，令人沮丧的
B篇
Para.2：apprpriate adj.恰当的，合适的→apprpriately adv.恰当地，合适地
C篇
Para.1：engage v.参加，参与；吸引；雇用，聘请→engaging adj.动人的，迷人的→engagement n.参加，从事，卷入；约会，约定，安排；订婚，婚约 Para.3：pririty n.优先事项，最重要的事，首要事情；优先，优先权，重点→priritize v.优先处理；按重要性排列，划分优先顺序
核心
单词
A篇
Para.1：drught-resistant adj.抗旱的 Para.2：uncver v.发现，揭露 Para.3：distinguish v.区分，辨别，分清 Para.4：nutrient n.养分，营养物 Para.6：highlight v.突出，强调
B篇
Para.2：ecsystem n.生态系统 Para.3：transfrm v.使改变外观(或性质)，使改观 reserve n.(动植物)保护区；自然保护区 release v.释放，放出，放走 Para.4：campaign n.(有计划的)活动，运动 phenmenn n.现象 Para.5：impact n.影响
C篇
Para.2：functin v.起作用，正常工作，运转 Para.3：invlve v.包含，需要，使成为必然部分(或结果) Para.4：mtin n.运动，移动，动 Para.6：stretch v.拉长，拽宽，撑大，抻松
核心
短语
A篇
Para.3：in cntrast相比之下
B篇
Para.2：play a rle in 在……中扮演角色/发挥作用 rely n依靠，依赖 Para.5：have an effect n 对……有影响
词缀
变形
A篇
Para.3：simple adj.简单的，简易的，容易的→simplify v.使简易，使简单，简化→simplificatin n.简化 Para.4：sense v.感觉到，意识到n.(对某事物的)感觉；理解力，判断力；感官→sensitive adj.敏感的；善解人意的→Para.3：sensitivity n.敏感性；灵敏度 Para.5：invlve v.包含，需要；涉及，影响→invlvement n.参与，介入，卷入；投入，沉迷
B篇
Para.1：ptential adj.潜在的，可能的→ptentially adv.可能地 Para.5：inspire v.鼓舞，激励；赋……以灵感，给……以启示→inspired adj.品质优秀的，能力卓越的，借助于灵感创作的