2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破训练课件15-课时作业15 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION

这是一份2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破训练课件15-课时作业15 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION，共57页。PPT课件主要包含了written，and，European，whom，measuring等内容，欢迎下载使用。
课时作业15 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）
A Currently, tens f thusands f caves are knwn glbally, but many f the wrld’s caves still remain unexplred. “Caving is the last realm where true, pure explratin is pssible,” says Phil Shrt, a cave explrer. “And in caves, treasures can be fund, new species, and new cures fr disease,” adds Shrt. Sme caves are reprted t have their wn weather system. Sme cntain the secrets f human evlutin, and f the life that came befre us. Sme are ht spts f bidiversity.
Entmlgist Lenidas-Rmans Davranglu at Oxfrd University trekked t the Cyclps Muntains in the Papuan regin f Indnesia. In a previusly unknwn cave system, his team discvered a “treasure trve” f undergrund species, including blind spiders, blind harvestmen and a whip scrpin （鞭尾蝎）—all new t science. Fr mre than 20 years, gemicrbilgist Hazel Bartn has been studying micrscpic life, fund deep undergrund, that can survive extreme starvatin. Her research is furthering ur understanding f what the ability t phtsynthesise （进行光合作用） might tell us abut the pssibility f life in uter space.
“A kilmetre frm the entrance, there’s still phtsynthesis,” says Bartn, “but it’s pushed int the near-infrared wavelength （近红外波长）. There are stars that nly emit in thse wavelengths. S, this culd help us understand hw life is pssible n ther planets,” she says. Cave explratin, says Bartn, is the clsest yu can cme t being an astrnaut withut ging t space. “Yu’re the first persn t see smething. 10,000 years frm nw, the ftprints I made in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexic, r the Tepui Caves f Venezuela, culd still be there.”
“Nwadays, it’s hard t impress peple,” says Shrt, “but in caves yu can see smething different every time.”#1.8
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在洞穴探索中的发现及洞穴探索的意义。
1. What des the underlined wrd “realm” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?( )
A. A srt f extreme sprts.B. A new kind f micrscpic life.C. An area f activity r knwledge.D. The prcess f species’ evlutin.
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线词后为where引导的定语从句，说明画线词表示的是地点，结合定语从句的内容可知，人们可能会在那里发现宝藏、新物种，甚至是治疗疾病的新方法。由此推知，画线词意为“活动或知识的领域”。故选C。
2. What can be learned frm the text?( )
A. Caves are extremely difficult t access.B. Phtsynthesis desn’t happen in the cave.C. Phil Shrt develped new skills fr explratin.D. Hazel Bartn’s research enriched science knwledge.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第五、六段内容可知，Hazel Bartn在洞穴探险的过程中研究了关于微生物耐饥饿性、光合作用的能力可能揭示的关于外太空存在生命可能性等课题，这丰富了这些领域的知识。故选D。
3. What is the advantage f cave explratin accrding t Bartn?( )
A. It helps scientists get pineering discveries.B. It sets peple free frm heavy wrking pressure.C. It brings fame and recgnitin t scientists.D. It prvides a mre cmfrtable wrking envirnment.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第七段Hazel Bartn说的话“Yu’re the first persn t see smething. 10,000 years frm nw, the ftprints I made in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexic, r the Tepui Caves f Venezuela, culd still be there.”可推断，Bartn认为洞穴探索的优势是帮助科学家获得开创性发现。故选A。
4. Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?( )
A. Cave Explratin Is Getting Mre DangerusB. Cave Explratin Cntributes t AstrnmyC. Scientists Are Explring the Deep Dark EarthD. Unexplred Caves Wrldwide Are Still There
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段以及文中科学家们在洞穴探索中的发现可知，文章主要介绍了科学家在洞穴探索中的发现及洞穴探索的意义，所以C项“科学家正在探索深邃黑暗的地球”是本文的最佳标题。
1.explratin n.勘探，勘查，探索 2.bidiversity n.生物多样性3.impress v.使留下印象；使铭记在心；使明白（重要性或严肃性等）4.enhance v.提高，增强，增进
1.ht熟义：adj.热的 生义：adj.热门的2.further熟义：adj.& adv.进一步的/进一步地 生义：v.促进；增进
B（2024·北京，C） The ntin that we live in smene else’s vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis”（模拟假说） returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin—a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive（认知的） functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical（实证的） experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin?” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs（隐喻） that are familiar t us. In Newtn’s era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein’s, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle（粒子） physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.#1.6
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，讨论了哲学家对宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对宇宙争论的看法。
5. What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?( )
A. Make an assumptin.B. Illustrate an argument.C. Give a suggestin.D. Justify a cmparisn.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific this idea t advance scientific knwledge.（不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远不会知道这是否属实。相反，我们可以用这个想法来推进科学知识。）”可推知，作者想通过质疑假说来给出建议。故选C。
6. What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?( )
A. Accepted by.B. Determined by.C. Awakened by.D. Discvered by.
[解析] 词义猜测题。画线短语所在句是一个由that引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是cncepts and wrds，that代替先行词在从句中作主语；根据画线短语前的“If empirical experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds”可知，如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于概念和文字；再根据画线短语后的“ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries”可知，此处表示推理所依赖的这些概念和文字由我们的社会、文化和心理学的历史决定。由此推知，cntingent n意为“取决于，由……决定”。故选B。
7. As fr Kant’s argument, the authr is ___.
A. appreciativeB. dubtfulC. uncncernedD. disapprving
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable.”以及第三、四段内容可知，Kant认为宇宙是由不可知的自在之物构成的。如果接受宇宙是不可知的，我们会对此进行探究，为现实建模，而所有这些模型都是应对未知和做出发现的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，效率越高。故推知，作者对于Kant 的观点是赏识的。故选A。
8. It is implied in this passage that we shuld ___.
A. cmpare the current mdels with the previus nesB. cntinue explring the classical mdels in histryC. stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatinD. turn simulatins f the universe int realities
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“There is n pint in arguing...”以及最后一段中的“ the‘cmputer simulatin’ hugely rewarding exercise.”等信息可推知，争论毫无意义，所以应停止对宇宙是不是模拟这一问题的争论。故选C。
1.irresistible adj.不可抗拒的 2.numerus adj.众多的;许多的3.perceptin n.认知，感知 4.facilitate v.促进，推动5.cmprehensin n.理解力，领悟力；理解练习6.insightful adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的7.rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的
原句：Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin—a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly.分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中的两个关系代词that引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词results和cncept；连词whether引导宾语从句，作动词debate的宾语。译文：搜索“模拟假说”一词，会得到大量有关宇宙是不是计算机模拟的争论结果——这是一个一些科学家实际上非常重视的概念。
Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）
（2025·广东广州月考） Why shuld mankind explre space? Why shuld mney, time and effrts be spent explring and. .1. . smething with s few apparent benefits? Why shuld many resurces be spent n space. .2. . than n cnditins and peple n Earth? These are questins that, understandably, are very ften asked. Perhaps the best answer . .3. . in ur genetic makeup （基因构成） as human beings. What . .4. . ur ancestrs t mve frm the trees int the plains, and n int all . .5. . areas and envirnments? The wider the . .6. .
f a species, the better its chance f . .7. .. Perhaps the best reasn fr explring space is this genetic tendency t . .8. . wherever pssible. Nearly every successful civilizatin has . .9. ., because by ding s, any dangers in surrunding areas can be identified and prepared fr. Withut knwledge, we might be . .10. . destryed by the danger. With knwledge, we can . .11. . its effects. Explratin als allws minerals and ther ptential （潜在的） resurces t be . .12. .. Even if we have n . .13. . need f them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resurces may be mre than physical pssessins. Knwledge r techniques have been . .14. . thrugh
explratin. The techniques may have medical applicatins which can . .15. . the length r quality f ur lives.#5
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索太空的原因，说明探索太空源于人类基因中的探索本能，有助于识别风险、获取资源与知识，从长远看有益于生存和发展。
1. ( ) A. huntingB. researchingC. sendingD. waiting
[解析] 根据空处所在句“mney, time and effrts be spent explring with s few apparent benefits”可推知，此处指人类花费金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究（researching）太空。故选B。
2. ( ) A. ratherB. mreC. lessD. ther
[解析] 根据空处所在句“many resurces be spent n n cnditins and peple n Earth”可知，许多资源被投入到了太空上，而不是地球的环境和人口上。rather than而不是。故选A。
3. ( ) A. gesB. hidesC. fallsD. lies
[解析] 根据空处所在句“the best ur genetic makeup as human beings”可知，最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成。lie in在于。故选D。
4. ( ) A. madeB. ledC. drveD. shwed
[解析] 根据下文中的“this genetic tendency”可推知，此处在询问驱使（drve）人类从在树上生活到进入其他地方生活的动力，并且下文指出这在于人类的基因倾向。故选C。
5. ( ) A. pssibleB. hrribleC. changeableD. reasnable
[解析] 根据空后的“ and envirnments”可推知，此处指可能（pssible）适宜居住的地方和环境。故选A。
6. ( ) A. exchangeB. existenceC. appearanceD. spread
[解析] 该句为“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”结构，表示一个物种扩散（spread）的范围越广，那么它的生存机会就越大。故选D。
7. ( ) A. remvalB. survivalC. arrivalD. refusal
[解析] 见上题解析。
8. ( ) A. manageB. perateC. expandD. cntrl
[解析] 根据空前内容可知，一个物种扩散范围越广，其生存机会就越大，所以人类探索太空最好的理由就是这种向任何可能的地方扩张（expand）的基因趋势。故选C。
9. ( ) A. explredB. remvedC. changedD. survived
[解析] 根据上下文多次提到的“explre space”“explratin”等信息可推知，此处说的是几乎每个成功的文明都有过探索（explred）行为。故选A。
10. ( ) A. surelyB. reallyC. hardlyD. cmpletely
[解析] 根据空后的“destryed by the danger”可推知，没有知识，人类可能会被危险彻底（cmpletely）毁灭。故选D。
11. ( ) A. deepenB. lessenC. lengthenD. strengthen
[解析] 空处所在句与上句“Withut knwledge, we might by the danger.”形成对比，说明没有知识时，人类可能会被危险彻底毁灭；而有知识时，人类可以减轻（lessen）危险的影响。故选B。
12. ( ) A. fundB. wastedC. sentD. used
[解析] 根据空前的“Explratin als allws minerals and ther ptential resurces”可推知，探索使得矿产和其他潜在资源被发现（fund）。故选A。
13. ( ) A. quickB. fullC. muchD. immediate
[解析] 根据空后的“they will perhaps be useful later”可推知，这些资源以后也许会有用，说明人类不是立即（immediate）需要这些资源。故选D。
14. ( ) A. chargedB. cllectedC. acquiredD. cnnected
[解析] 上一句提到这些资源不仅仅是物质资源；本句中“Knwledge r techniques”与物质资源形成对比，说明除了物质资源，我们还可以通过探索获得（acquired）知识和技术。故选C。
15. ( ) A. enlargeB. imprveC. exchangeD. include
[解析] 根据空后的“the length r quality f ur lives”可知，技术在医疗方面的应用有助于延长人类的寿命或提升（imprve）我们的生活质量。故选B。
Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
（2025·河南信阳二模） During the Spring and Autumn Perid and the Warring States Perid, with the develpment f prductin, astrnmy attained many achievements. The Ganshi Star Classic, 1. ________（write） between 375-350 BC, is the earliest astrnmical wrk in the wrld. Gan De and Shi Shen respectively cnducted astrnmical bservatins in their wn aspects 2. _____published their wrks t the wrld. They had 3. ______________（systematic） bserved the mvements f the five planets, namely, gld, wd, water, fire and
systematically
earth, and had 4. ___ grasp f the laws f the mvements f these planets fr the first time. They recrded the names f 800 stars, and determined the psitins f 121. Later 5. ____________（generatin） called the recrds f Gan De and Shi Shen’s determinatin f stars “Ganshi Star Classic”. The Ganshi Star Classic is the earliest star table in the wrld, abut 200 years earlier than the first 6. __________（Eurpe） star table created by a Greek astrnmer. T date, their achievements 7. _____________________（recgnise） internatinally. Shi Shen was referred t 8. ____ ne f the utstanding cntributrs t wrld astrnmy, after 9. _______ the largest crater （环形山） n the
have been recgnised
back f the mn was named. Many later astrnmers use the data in the “Ganshi Star Classic” when 10. ___________（measure） the psitin and mtin f the sun, mn and planets. Therefre, the “Ganshi Star Classic” ccupies an imprtant psitin in the histry f astrnmy in China and the wrld.#1.2
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《甘石星经》的相关信息。
1. ________
[解析] 考查非谓语动词。本句谓语是系动词is，设空处为非谓语动词形式，作后置定语；write与The Ganshi Star Classic之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填written。
[解析] 考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列的谓语，应用并列连词and。
3. ______________
[解析] 考查副词。设空处修饰动词bserved，作状语，用副词形式。故填systematically。
[解析] 考查冠词。此处为have a grasp f...短语，表示“掌握……”。故填a。
5. ____________
[解析] 考查名词。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，generatin为可数名词且空前无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填generatins。
6. __________
[解析] 考查形容词。设空处修饰名词star table，作定语，应用形容词。故填Eurpean。
7. _____________________
[解析] 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。根据句中状语T date“迄今为止”可知，本句用现在完成时；achievements与recgnise之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语achievements为复数，助动词应用have。故填have been recgnised。
[解析] 考查介词。此处为refer 短语的被动形式，表示“……被认为是……”。故填as。