2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破练习 015-课时作业15 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（教用）

这是一份2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破练习 015-课时作业15 UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION（教用），共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，共20分），explratin n，impress v，enhance v，cmprehensin n，insightful adj，rewarding adj等内容，欢迎下载使用。
分值：50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）
A
Currently, tens f thusands f caves are knwn glbally, but many f the wrld's caves still remain unexplred.
“Caving is the last realm where true, pure explratin is pssible,” says Phil Shrt, a cave explrer. “And in caves, treasures can be fund, new species, and new cures fr disease,” adds Shrt.
Sme caves are reprted t have their wn weather system. Sme cntain the secrets f human evlutin, and f the life that came befre us. Sme are ht spts f bidiversity.
Entmlgist Lenidas-Rmans Davranglu at Oxfrd University trekked t the Cyclps Muntains in the Papuan regin f Indnesia. In a previusly unknwn cave system, his team discvered a “treasure trve” f undergrund species, including blind spiders, blind harvestmen and a whip scrpin （鞭尾蝎）—all new t science.
Fr mre than 20 years, gemicrbilgist Hazel Bartn has been studying micrscpic life, fund deep undergrund, that can survive extreme starvatin. Her research is furthering ur understanding f what the ability t phtsynthesise （进行光合作用） might tell us abut the pssibility f life in uter space.
“A kilmetre frm the entrance, there's still phtsynthesis,” says Bartn, “but it's pushed int the near-infrared wavelength （近红外波长）. There are stars that nly emit in thse wavelengths. S, this culd help us understand hw life is pssible n ther planets,” she says.
Cave explratin, says Bartn, is the clsest yu can cme t being an astrnaut withut ging t space. “Yu're the first persn t see smething. 10,000 years frm nw, the ftprints I made in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexic, r the Tepui Caves f Venezuela, culd still be there.”
“Nwadays, it's hard t impress peple,” says Shrt, “but in caves yu can see smething different every time.”
1．What des the underlined wrd “realm” in paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．A srt f extreme sprts.
B．A new kind f micrscpic life.
C．An area f activity r knwledge.
D．The prcess f species' evlutin.
2．What can be learned frm the text?
A．Caves are extremely difficult t access.
B．Phtsynthesis desn't happen in the cave.
C．Phil Shrt develped new skills fr explratin.
D．Hazel Bartn's research enriched science knwledge.
3．What is the advantage f cave explratin accrding t Bartn?
A．It helps scientists get pineering discveries.
B．It sets peple free frm heavy wrking pressure.
C．It brings fame and recgnitin t scientists.
D．It prvides a mre cmfrtable wrking envirnment.
4．Which f the fllwing culd be the best title fr the text?
A．Cave Explratin Is Getting Mre Dangerus
B．Cave Explratin Cntributes t Astrnmy
C．Scientists Are Explring the Deep Dark Earth
D．Unexplred Caves Wrldwide Are Still There
【答案】1．C
2．D
3．A
4．C
【解析】
1．词句猜测题。画线词后为where引导的定语从句，说明画线词表示的是地点，结合定语从句的内容可知，人们可能会在那里发现宝藏、新物种，甚至是治疗疾病的新方法。由此推知，画线词意为“活动或知识的领域”。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第五、六段内容可知，Hazel Bartn在洞穴探险的过程中研究了关于微生物耐饥饿性、光合作用的能力可能揭示的关于外太空存在生命可能性等课题，这丰富了这些领域的知识。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第七段Hazel Bartn说的话“Yu're the first persn t see smething. 10,000 years frm nw, the ftprints I made in Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexic, r the Tepui Caves f Venezuela, culd still be there.”可推断，Bartn认为洞穴探索的优势是帮助科学家获得开创性发现。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段以及文中科学家们在洞穴探索中的发现可知，文章主要介绍了科学家在洞穴探索中的发现及洞穴探索的意义，所以C项“科学家正在探索深邃黑暗的地球”是本文的最佳标题。
1.explratin n.勘探，勘查，探索 2.bidiversity n.生物多样性
3.impress v.使留下印象；使铭记在心；使明白（重要性或严肃性等）
4.enhance v.提高，增强，增进
1.ht熟义：adj.热的 生义：adj.热门的
2.further熟义：adj.& adv.进一步的/进一步地 生义：v.促进；增进
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在洞穴探索中的发现及洞穴探索的意义。
B
（2024·北京，C）
The ntin that we live in smene else's vide game is irresistible t many. Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis”（模拟假说） returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin—a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly. Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific questin. We will prbably never knw whether it's true. We can, instead, use this idea t advance scientific knwledge.
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive（认知的） functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical（实证的） experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn't reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
S, if we accept that the universe is unknwable, we als accept we will never knw if we live in a cmputer simulatin. And then, we can shift ur inquiry frm “Is the universe a cmputer simulatin?” t “Can we mdel the universe as a cmputer simulatin?” Mdelling reality is what we d. T facilitate ur cmprehensin f the wrld, we build mdels based n cnceptual metaphrs（隐喻） that are familiar t us. In Newtn's era, we imagined the universe as a clck. In Einstein's, we uncvered the standard mdel f particle（粒子） physics.
Nw that we are in the infrmatin age, we have new cncepts such as the cmputer, infrmatin prcessing, virtual reality, and simulatin. Unsurprisingly, these new cncepts inspire us t build new mdels f the universe. Mdels are nt the reality, hwever. There is n pint in arguing if the universe is a clck, a set f particles r an utput f cmputatin. All these mdels are tls t deal with the unknwn and t make discveries. And the mre tls we have, the mre effective and insightful we can becme.
It can be imagined that cmparable t the prcess f building previus scientific mdels, develping the “cmputer simulatin” metaphr-based mdel will als be a hugely rewarding exercise.
5．What des the authr intend t d by challenging a hypthesis?
A．Make an assumptin.B．Illustrate an argument.
C．Give a suggestin.D．Justify a cmparisn.
6．What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Accepted by. B．Determined by.
C．Awakened by. D．Discvered by.
7．As fr Kant's argument, the authr is _ _ _ _ .
A．appreciativeB．dubtful
C．uncncernedD．disapprving
8．It is implied in this passage that we shuld _ _ _ _ .
A．cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes
B．cntinue explring the classical mdels in histry
C．stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin
D．turn simulatins f the universe int realities
【答案】5．C
6．B
7．A
8．C
【解析】
5．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Unfrtunately, this is nt a scientific this idea t advance scientific knwledge.（不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远不会知道这是否属实。相反，我们可以用这个想法来推进科学知识。）”可推知，作者想通过质疑假说来给出建议。故选C。
6．词义猜测题。画线短语所在句是一个由that引导的限制性定语从句，先行词是cncepts and wrds，that代替先行词在从句中作主语；根据画线短语前的“If empirical experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn't reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds”可知，如果实证经验无法揭示现实，那么推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于概念和文字；再根据画线短语后的“ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries”可知，此处表示推理所依赖的这些概念和文字由我们的社会、文化和心理学的历史决定。由此推知，cntingent n意为“取决于，由……决定”。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable.”以及第三、四段内容可知，Kant认为宇宙是由不可知的自在之物构成的。如果接受宇宙是不可知的，我们会对此进行探究，为现实建模，而所有这些模型都是应对未知和做出发现的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，效率越高。故推知，作者对于Kant 的观点是赏识的。故选A。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“There is n pint in arguing...”以及最后一段中的“ the‘cmputer simulatin’ hugely rewarding exercise.”等信息可推知，争论毫无意义，所以应停止对宇宙是不是模拟这一问题的争论。故选C。
1.irresistible adj.不可抗拒的 2.numerus adj.众多的;许多的
3.perceptin n.认知，感知 4.facilitate v.促进，推动
5.cmprehensin n.理解力，领悟力；理解练习
6.insightful adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
7.rewarding adj.值得做的;有益的
原句：Searching the term “simulatin hypthesis” returns numerus results that debate whether the universe is a cmputer simulatin—a cncept that sme scientists actually take seriusly.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。句中的两个关系代词that引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词results和cncept；连词whether引导宾语从句，作动词debate的宾语。
译文：搜索“模拟假说”一词，会得到大量有关宇宙是不是计算机模拟的争论结果——这是一个一些科学家实际上非常重视的概念。
语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文，讨论了哲学家对宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对宇宙争论的看法。
Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）
（2025·广东广州月考）
Why shuld mankind explre space? Why shuld mney, time and effrts be spent explring and 1 smething with s few apparent benefits? Why shuld many resurces be spent n space 2 than n cnditins and peple n Earth?
These are questins that, understandably, are very ften asked. Perhaps the best answer 3 in ur genetic makeup （基因构成） as human beings. What 4 ur ancestrs t mve frm the trees int the plains, and n int all 5 areas and envirnments? The wider the 6 f a species, the better its chance f 7 . Perhaps the best reasn fr explring space is this genetic tendency t 8 wherever pssible.
Nearly every successful civilizatin has 9 , because by ding s, any dangers in surrunding areas can be identified and prepared fr. Withut knwledge, we might be 10 destryed by the danger. With knwledge, we can 11 its effects.
Explratin als allws minerals and ther ptential （潜在的） resurces t be 12 . Even if we have n 13 need f them, they will perhaps be useful later. Resurces may be mre than physical pssessins. Knwledge r techniques have been 14 thrugh explratin. The techniques may have medical applicatins which can 15 the length r quality f ur lives.
1．A．huntingB．researchingC．sendingD．waiting
2．A．ratherB．mreC．lessD．ther
3．A．gesB．hidesC．fallsD．lies
4．A．madeB．ledC．drveD．shwed
5．A．pssibleB．hrribleC．changeableD．reasnable
6．A．exchangeB．existenceC．appearanceD．spread
7．A．remvalB．survivalC．arrivalD．refusal
8．A．manageB．perateC．expandD．cntrl
9．A．explredB．remvedC．changedD．survived
10．A．surelyB．reallyC．hardlyD．cmpletely
11．A．deepenB．lessenC．lengthenD．strengthen
12．A．fundB．wastedC．sentD．used
13．A．quickB．fullC．muchD．immediate
14．A．chargedB．cllectedC．acquiredD．cnnected
15．A．enlargeB．imprveC．exchangeD．include
【答案】1．B
2．A
3．D
4．C
5．A
6．D
7．B
8．C
9．A
10．D
11．B
12．A
13．D
14．C
15．B
【解析】
1．根据空处所在句“mney, time and effrts be spent explring with s few apparent benefits”可推知，此处指人类花费金钱、时间和精力去探索和研究（researching）太空。故选B。
2．根据空处所在句“many resurces be spent n n cnditins and peple n Earth”可知，许多资源被投入到了太空上，而不是地球的环境和人口上。rather than而不是。故选A。
3．根据空处所在句“the best ur genetic makeup as human beings”可知，最好的答案在于我们作为人类的基因构成。lie in在于。故选D。
4．根据下文中的“this genetic tendency”可推知，此处在询问驱使（drve）人类从在树上生活到进入其他地方生活的动力，并且下文指出这在于人类的基因倾向。故选C。
5．根据空后的“ and envirnments”可推知，此处指可能（pssible）适宜居住的地方和环境。故选A。
6．该句为“the+比较级...，the+比较级...”结构，表示一个物种扩散（spread）的范围越广，那么它的生存机会就越大。故选D。
7．见上题解析。
8．根据空前内容可知，一个物种扩散范围越广，其生存机会就越大，所以人类探索太空最好的理由就是这种向任何可能的地方扩张（expand）的基因趋势。故选C。
9．根据上下文多次提到的“explre space”“explratin”等信息可推知，此处说的是几乎每个成功的文明都有过探索（explred）行为。故选A。
10．根据空后的“destryed by the danger”可推知，没有知识，人类可能会被危险彻底（cmpletely）毁灭。故选D。
11．空处所在句与上句“Withut knwledge, we might by the danger.”形成对比，说明没有知识时，人类可能会被危险彻底毁灭；而有知识时，人类可以减轻（lessen）危险的影响。故选B。
12．根据空前的“Explratin als allws minerals and ther ptential resurces”可推知，探索使得矿产和其他潜在资源被发现（fund）。故选A。
13．根据空后的“they will perhaps be useful later”可推知，这些资源以后也许会有用，说明人类不是立即（immediate）需要这些资源。故选D。
14．上一句提到这些资源不仅仅是物质资源；本句中“Knwledge r techniques”与物质资源形成对比，说明除了物质资源，我们还可以通过探索获得（acquired）知识和技术。故选C。
15．根据空后的“the length r quality f ur lives”可知，技术在医疗方面的应用有助于延长人类的寿命或提升（imprve）我们的生活质量。故选B。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类探索太空的原因，说明探索太空源于人类基因中的探索本能，有助于识别风险、获取资源与知识，从长远看有益于生存和发展。
Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
（2025·河南信阳二模）
During the Spring and Autumn Perid and the Warring States Perid, with the develpment f prductin, astrnmy attained many achievements. The Ganshi Star Classic, 1. （write） between 375-350 BC, is the earliest astrnmical wrk in the wrld.
Gan De and Shi Shen respectively cnducted astrnmical bservatins in their wn aspects 2. published their wrks t the wrld. They had 3. （systematic） bserved the mvements f the five planets, namely, gld, wd, water, fire and earth, and had 4. grasp f the laws f the mvements f these planets fr the first time. They recrded the names f 800 stars, and determined the psitins f 121. Later 5. （generatin） called the recrds f Gan De and Shi Shen's determinatin f stars “Ganshi Star Classic”. The Ganshi Star Classic is the earliest star table in the wrld, abut 200 years earlier than the first 6. （Eurpe） star table created by a Greek astrnmer. T date, their achievements 7. （recgnise） internatinally. Shi Shen was referred t 8. ne f the utstanding cntributrs t wrld astrnmy, after 9. the largest crater （环形山） n the back f the mn was named. Many later astrnmers use the data in the “Ganshi Star Classic” when 10. （measure） the psitin and mtin f the sun, mn and planets. Therefre, the “Ganshi Star Classic” ccupies an imprtant psitin in the histry f astrnmy in China and the wrld.
【答案】1．written
2．and
3．systematically
4．a
5．generatins
6．Eurpean
7．have been recgnised
8．as
9．whm
10．measuring
【解析】
1．考查非谓语动词。本句谓语是系动词is，设空处为非谓语动词形式，作后置定语；write与The Ganshi Star Classic之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填written。
2．考查连词。分析句子结构可知，空处连接两个并列的谓语，应用并列连词and。
3．考查副词。设空处修饰动词bserved，作状语，用副词形式。故填systematically。
4．考查冠词。此处为have a grasp f...短语，表示“掌握……”。故填a。
5．考查名词。设空处作主语，应用名词形式，generatin为可数名词且空前无限定词，应用复数形式表示泛指。故填generatins。
6．考查形容词。设空处修饰名词star table，作定语，应用形容词。故填Eurpean。
7．考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。根据句中状语T date“迄今为止”可知，本句用现在完成时；achievements与recgnise之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语achievements为复数，助动词应用have。故填have been recgnised。
8．考查介词。此处为refer 短语的被动形式，表示“……被认为是……”。故填as。
9．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“ largest crater n the back f the mn was named”在句中作定语从句；关系词位于介词after后，且先行词Shi Shen指人，应用whm。
10．考查非谓语动词。此处为状语从句的省略形式，完整形式为when they are measuring the psitin and mtin f the sun, mn and planets。当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致且从句谓语包含系动词be时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词，保留be动词后的部分。故填measuring。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了《甘石星经》的相关信息。