2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习教材单元复习练习 022-选择性必修 第二册-UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教用）

这是一份2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习教材单元复习练习 022-选择性必修 第二册-UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教用），共11页。
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
（主题：人与社会——对社会有突出贡献的人物）
教材回顾·自主学习
Chlera is a disease caused by germs, which can cause severe diarrhea, dehydratin, and even death. As a yung dctr, Jhn Snw felt 1. （frustrate） at first, but he was determined t defeat “King Chlera” nce and fr all. There were then tw cntradictry theries t explain hw chlera spread. Snw subscribed 2. the thery that chlera was caused by 3. infectin frm germs in fd r water, but he needed 4. （prve）. When chlera brke 5. in Lndn in 1854, Snw began t investigate. He discvered that there were multiple deaths in sme husehlds near the water pump in Brad Street. This shwed there was a link between the cases f chlera 6. the water. Snw suspected that the water pump was 7. （blame）, s he had the handle f the water pump 8. （remve）. Thanks t Snw's 9. （intervene）, peple began t drink pure water instead f raw water. Thus, there was a substantial decrease in the threat f chlera. Mrever, in his use f maps and statistics, Snw 10. （transfrm） the way scientists study diseases. Therefre, Snw is cnsidered the father f mdern epidemilgy.
[答案]
1．frustrated
2．t
3．an
4．prf
5．ut
6．and
7．t blame
8．remved
9．interventin
10．transfrmed
词句精讲·核心突破
1 blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
· sth. 因某事责备……
be t blame fr sth. 对某事负有责任
blame sth. n sb./sth. 把某事归咎于某人/某事
·put/lay/place the blame （fr sth.）n sb. 把（……的责任）推给某人
take/accept/bear the blame fr sth. 为某事承担责任
① Never frm the habit f blaming the wrld _ _ _ _ yur failure, r yu will be a lser.
[答案]fr
② Parents wh have an addictin t their mbile phnes are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （blame） fr their prly behaved children, a recent research claims.
[答案]t blame
③ Lts f peple find it hard t rise early in the mrning and put the blame _ _ _ _ the alarm clck.
[答案]n
④ I was blamed fr the failure f the perfrmance, and I felt seized by a burst f sadness.
→_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , I felt seized by a burst f sadness.（过去分词短语作状语）
[答案]Blamed fr the failure f the perfrmance
⑤ 当你和朋友发生分歧时，你最好多和他们交流，设身处地为他们想想，而不是指责他们。（建议信）
When having disagreements with yur friends, yu had better cmmunicate mre with them and put yurself in their place, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]instead f blaming them
2 decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低
·a decrease in... 在……方面的减少
n the decrease 在减少
·decrease （frm...） t...（从……）减少到……（表示减少后的量）
decrease by... 减少了/降低……（表示减少的量）
decrease in... 在……方面减少/减小/降低
语段填空
The ppulatin f this area has decreased ①_ _ _ _ 10 millin ②_ _ _ _ 9 millin in the last three years. That is t say, the ppulatin has decreased ③_ _ _ _ 10%.
[答案]frm； t； by
完成句子
④ 幸运的是，闯红灯的人数正在减少。
Frtunately, the number f peple ging thrugh a red light _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]is n the decrease
⑤ 为了减少垃圾的数量和保护环境，政府呼吁人们回收利用旧材料。（环境保护）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,the gvernment appeals peple t recycle used materials.
[答案]T decrease the amunt f rubbish and prtect the envirnment
3 defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解→defence/defense n.防御，保卫；辩护 defensive adj.防御的，保护的；戒备的
· （ding）... 保护……免受……
defend neself frm/against sth. 保护自己不受……;对……为自己辩护
·in defence/defense f 保卫；为……辩护
in ne's defence/defense 为某人辩护
① It is crucial t install pwerful sftware t defend yur cmputer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ viruses.
[答案]frm/against
② She stepped back, appearing surprised, and put up her hands as if in _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （defend）.
[答案]defence/defense
③ 看到这条凶猛的蛇，那位母亲像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。（动作描写）
Seeing the fierce snake, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ like an arrw.
[答案]that mther rushed t defend her sn
4 abve all 最重要的是；尤其是
·all in all 总而言之
after all 毕竟，终究
first f all 首先
in all 总共
（nt） at all 一点也（不），根本（不）
用all的相关短语完成语段（不重复使用）
① If yu want t speak English well, yu shuld _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ listen t it as ften as pssible.
[答案]first f all
② Bb thught he culdn't g t the party because he had t write a reprt, but he went _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .
[答案]after all
③ Lking back, Diana wes her achievements t the gal she set, the educatin she received frm the cllege, and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , the effrts she made.
[答案]abve all
④ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , the art class in the park left a deep impressin n everyne.
[答案]All in all
5 Under Qian's leadership, China develped the Dngfeng missiles, fllwed by the first generatin f Lng March rckets.在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出了第一代“长征”系列火箭。
句型公式：过去分词（短语）作伴随状语
·过去分词（短语）作伴随状语，表示主语所处的状态，可位于句首或句尾。
·过去分词（短语）作状语还可表示时间、原因、条件、结果等。
① 身边围绕着一群学生，老师走进了实验室。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,the teacher went int the lab.
[答案]Surrunded by a grup f students
② 在老师的指导下，男孩处理了这个问题，眼睛里闪烁着兴奋的光芒。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,the by handled theprblem, with excitementshining in his eyes.
[答案]Guided by his teacher
③ 如果再多给我几分钟，我会完成全部工作的。
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,I culd finish all the wrk.
[答案]Given a few mre minutes
④ 被他所做的事感动，我无法控制自己，感激的泪水顺着我的脸颊流下来。（情绪描写）
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ,I culdn't cntain myself,tears f gratitude flwing dwn my cheeks.
[答案]Affected/Struck/Mved by what he had dne
基础达标·巩固训练
一、核心知识训练
1．[2025·全国二]Our study shwed that there was a 30% decrease _ _ _ _ sick leave fr peple wh were in plant-rich wrkplaces.
[答案]in
2．[2025·全国一]Still, the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （finding） shw a ptential path frward fr reducing micrplastic expsure—a task that's becming increasingly difficult.
[答案]findings
3．[2025·全国一]I had been s fcused n keeping the party under cntrl _ _ _ _ I failed t cnsider hw imprtant Tby was t my brther during this difficult time.
[答案]that
4．[2024·新课标Ⅰ]Peple ften link their memry f what they've read _ _ _ _ hw far int the bk it was r where it was n the page.
[答案]t
5．[2024·新课标Ⅰ]If he seems a little _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （defend）, it might be because even sme f his cwrkers ccasinally laugh at his unusual methds.
[答案]defensive
6．[2023·新课标Ⅱ]Thugh sme are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （initial） scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
[答案]initially
7．[2023·全国乙改编]The Chinese cach transfrmed Duglas _ _ _ _ ne f the best gymnasts in the wrld.
[答案]int
8．_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （inspire） by him, I was determined t stick t my aim regardless f any difficulties.
[答案]Inspired
二、一词多义/熟词生义
1．从方框中选择下列句子中加黑词汇的汉语意思。
（1） handle
① [2022·全国甲]The way yu handle chpsticks is imprtant t avid annying yur cmpanins._ _ _ _
② He had a real gift fr handling chres, sheltering me frm unpleasant repair jbs._ _ _ _
③ Driving a car is nt just handling cntrls but judging speed and distance._ _ _ _
④ If yu want t pen the dr, yu have t turn the handle._ _ _ _
（2） raw
① This infrmatin is nly raw data and will need further analysis._ _ _ _
② We shuld prduce fewer things frm raw materials, the supply f which is grwing smaller and smaller._ _ _ _
③ What we have experienced has taught us t lead a healthy life such as drinking pure r biled water and aviding raw fds._ _ _ _
（3） subscribe t
① This is the nursing hme the utstanding and patritic scientist subscribed t generusly in the past._ _ _ _
② Many scientists subscribe t the view that it is human beings' activities that have resulted in glbal warming._ _ _ _
③ I subscribed t the magazine New Scientist t keep up with advances in science._ _ _ _
[答案]
① D
② A
③ B
④ C
（2） ① C
② A
③ B
（3） ① C
② B
③ A
2．阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的词性和汉语意思。
① As we all knw, the heart pumps bld arund the bdy._ _ _ _ _ _
② While plice suspected that he had sme cnnectin with the rbbery, they culdn't find slid evidence._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
③ I am srry that I didn't accmpany yu t the market yesterday, fr it was my turn t be n the night shift._ _ _ _ _ _
④ He read thrugh the papers and made an abstract f their cntents._ _ _ _ _ _
[答案]
① v.输送
② adj.可靠的；确凿的
③ n.轮班
④ n.摘要
写作提能·综合运用
一、应用文写作（英语演讲比赛，通知）
假设你是学生会主席李华，你校拟举办以“科技强国，筑梦有我（Building a technlgical pwer, starting with yu and me）”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请用英语写一则通知发表在校英文网站上。内容包括：
（1）活动目的；
（2）活动时间、地点及注意事项；
（3）号召学生积极参与。
Ntice
Our schl is arranging an English speech cmpetitin with the theme f “Building a technlgical pwer, starting with yu and me”, aiming t mtivate us t 1. （为建设更强大的国家贡献力量）.
The cmpetitin will be held in the schl cnference hall at 1:30 pm next weekend. Speeches shuld be n lnger than 5 minutes and 2. （最重要的是）, they must be riginal and 3. （与主题一致）. Participants are expected t 4. （自信生动地发表演讲）, with gd prnunciatin and apprpriate use f gestures.
Students are welcme t actively participate in this cmpetitin. 5. （没有比这更好的机会来展示你的绝佳想法了）.
Lking frward t yur enthusiastic participatin!
The Students' Unin
[答案]
1．cntribute t building a strnger cuntry
2．abve all
3．cnsistent with the theme
4．deliver their speeches cnfidently and vividly
5．There is n better pprtunity t shwcase yur utstanding ideas
二、读后续写
人物描写
[答案]a curageus and kind-hearted teacher； remains ptimistic and hpeful； diligent and respnsible； is always willing t help the students in need； Her patient guidance； is gd at cmmunicating with pepleA.vt.处理 B.vt.操纵 C.n.把手 D.vt.（用手）触，碰，拿
A.adj.未经加工的 B.adj.生的，未煮过的
C.adj.未经分析的；原始的
A.订阅 B.赞成；同意 C.向……捐款
语料积累
勇敢的：brave/curageus/fearless
善良的：kind/nice/kind-hearted
乐观的：ptimistic/psitive/hpeful/cheerful
诚实的：hnest/truthful/sincere
勤奋的：hard-wrking/diligent
可靠的：respnsible/dependable/reliable
有耐心的：patient
自信的：cnfident/self-assured/sure f neself
be cnfident in 对……充满信心
be willing t help ... 乐于帮助……
be gd at cmmunicating with peple 善于与人交流
be brad-minded and able t tlerate thers 心胸宽广，能包容他人
be mature and cautius in behavir 老成持重
语料运用
Ms. Wang is 1._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （一位勇敢善良的教师） wh has taught in rural schls fr ver 20 years. Despite pr wrking cnditins, she 2._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （保持乐观且充满希望）, believing educatin can change children's life.
As a teacher, she is 3._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （勤奋负责）, ften walking miles t students' hmes. She 4._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （总是乐于帮助有需要的学生）.5._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （她的耐心指导） has helped hundreds f children succeed. What makes her special is that she 6._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ （善于与人沟通）, helping bridge the gap between schl and cmmunity.