2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破练习 022-课时作业22 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教用）

这是一份2027年高考英语人教版一轮复习突破练习 022-课时作业22 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS（教用），共11页。试卷主要包含了5分，共20分），specify v，cnventin n等内容，欢迎下载使用。
分值：50分
Ⅰ.阅读理解（每小题2.5分，共20分）
A
（2026·广东惠州质检）
Scientists frm China have created a truly remarkable rbt hand! Named the “F-TAC Hand”, it was develped by researchers frm Peking University and the Beijing Institute fr General Artificial Intelligence, and their exciting wrk was just published in the famus science jurnal Nature Machine Intelligence n June 9th, 2025.
What makes this rbtic hand s special? It can feel and adjust its grip just like a human hand can. Imagine trying t pick up a ping-png ball with just yur little finger, r hlding bth a baseball and a glf ball in ne hand withut drpping them. The F-TAC Hand can d these things! If it picks up a cup full f water, it autmatically adjusts its hld t keep the cup steady and prevent spills—reacting faster than yu can blink.
The secret lies in its amazing tuch sensrs. Cvering 70% f the hand's surface, these tiny sensrs—packed as densely（密集地） as 10,000 per square centimeter—let the hand feel textures, pressure, and any tiny mvement f the bject it's hlding. Crucially, these sensrs are built right int the hand's structure, s they dn't make the hand stiff r clumsy. A smart cmputer prgram uses this cnstant tuch feedback t instantly decide the best way t grip different bjects, just like ur brains tell ur hands what t d.
Beynd its amazing ability t mimic human tuch, the F-TAC Hand als brings practical slutins t real-wrld prblems in rbtics. It's inspired by hw ur wn hands and nerves wrk. The F-TAC Hand isn't just cl science; it has real uses. It culd lead t much better prsthetic limbs, help rbts perfrm delicate surgery, wrk safely in dangerus places like nuclear plants, r handle cmplex jbs in factries.
Made pssible partly by China's pwerful “Peng Cheng Clud Brain Ⅱ”, this “hand f tuch intelligence” is a big step frward fr China in rbtics and AI. Experts believe it brings us clser t rbts that can truly understand and interact with the physical wrld arund them. The future f rbts just gt a lt mre capable!
1．What d we knw abut the F-TAC Hand grasping bjects?
A．It can adjust its grip t prevent the water in a full cup frm spilling.
B．It must use the entire hand t pick up a ping-png ball.
C．It reacts mre slwly than a human blink when picking up items.
D．It cannt grasp bjects f different sizes at the same time.
2．What can we learn frm the third paragraph?
A．Each sensr cvers an area f 10,000 square centimeters.
B．The sensrs are integrated int the hand's structure t keep it stiff.
C．The AI prgram makes decisins delayed based n tuch feedback.
D．The AI prgram uses real-time tuch feedback t cntrl the grip.
3．What des the underlined wrd “mimic” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Imitate.B．Replace.C．Simplify.D．Enhance.
4．What is the main purpse f the authr in writing this passage?
A．T intrduce the develpment histry f rbtic hands.
B．T cmpare the F-TAC Hand with ther rbtic hands.
C．T criticize the limitatins f previus rbtic hands.
D．T highlight the features and applicatins f the F-TAC Hand.
【答案】1．A
2．D
3．A
4．D
【解析】
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If it picks up a cup full f water, it autmatically adjusts its hld t keep the cup steady and prevent spills—reacting faster than yu can blink.”可知， F-TAC Hand在抓取物体时能够调整其握持力度，以防止装满水的杯子出现溢出的情况。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A smart cmputer prgram uses this cnstant tuch feedback t instantly decide the best way t grip different bjects”可知，该人工智能程序利用实时触觉反馈来控制抓握力度。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“It's inspired by hw ur wn hands and nerves wrk.”以及“human tuch”可知，机器人的设计灵感来源于我们自身的手和神经的工作方式，即模仿了人类的触感。故画线词意思是“模仿”。故选A。
4．推理判断题。本文第一段引入话题“Scientists frm China have created a truly remarkable rbt hand！”，第二、三段主要介绍F-TAC Hand机器人手的“特性”（如传感器、抓握能力），第四段围绕它的“应用”（假肢、手术等）展开。由此推知，作者写本文的目的是突出F-TAC Hand的特性与应用。故选D。
1.autmatically adv.自动地 2.blink v.眨眼睛 3.crucially adv.关键地，至关重要地 4.delicate adj.精致的，精细的，精密的
原文：Cvering 70% f the hand's surface, these tiny sensrs—packed as densely as 10,000 per square centimeter—let the hand feel textures, pressure, and any tiny mvement f the bject it's hlding.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。本句主干为these tiny sensrs let the hand feel textures, pressure, and any tiny mvement f the bject，Cvering 70% f the hand's surface是现在分词短语作状语，packed as densely as 10,000 per square centimeter是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰tiny sensrs，it's hlding是省略关系词that或which的定语从句，修饰bject。
译文：这些微小的传感器覆盖了手部表面的70%，密度高达每平方厘米10，000个，可以使F-TAC Hand感受到所持物体的质地、压力和任何微小的移动。
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国研发的F-TAC Hand机器人手，仿人触觉强且应用前景广。
B
（2023·浙江1月，C）
A machine can nw nt nly beat yu at chess, it can als utperfrm yu in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisc, a sftware prgram called Prject Debater beat its human ppnents, including Na Ovadia, Israel's frmer natinal debating champin.
Brilliant thugh it is, Prject Debater has sme weaknesses. It takes sentences frm its library f dcuments and prebuilt arguments and strings them tgether. This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld make. Such wrinkles will n dubt be irned ut, yet they als pint t a fundamental prblem. As Kristian Hammnd, prfessr f electrical engineering and cmputer science at Nrthwestern University, put it: “There's never a stage at which the system knws what it's talking abut.”
What Hammnd is referring t is the questin f meaning, and meaning is central t what distinguishes the least intelligent f humans frm the mst intelligent f machines. A cmputer wrks with symbls. Its prgram specifies a set f rules t transfrm ne string f symbls int anther. But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, als wrk with symbls. But fr humans, meaning is everything. When we cmmunicate, we cmmunicate meaning. What matters is nt just the utside f a string f symbls, but the inside t, nt just hw they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial interactin, nt f cmputatin, interactin that shapes the cntent f the symbls in ur heads. The rules that assign meaning lie nt just inside ur heads, but als utside, in sciety, in scial memry, scial cnventins and scial relatins. It is this that distinguishes humans frm machines. And that's why， hwever astnishing Prject Debater may seem, the traditin that began with Scrates and Cnfucius will nt end with artificial intelligence.
5．Why des the authr mentin Na Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．T explain the use f a sftware prgram.
B．T shw the cleverness f Prject Debater.
C．T intrduce the designer f Prject Debater.
D．T emphasize the fairness f the cmpetitin.
6．What des the underlined wrd “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Arguments.B．Dubts.C．Errrs.D．Differences.
7．What is Prject Debater unable t d accrding t Hammnd?
A．Create rules.B．Cmprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.D．Identify difficult wrds.
8．What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A．Scial interactin is key t understanding symbls.
B．The human brain has ptential yet t be develped.
C．Ancient philsphers set gd examples fr debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【答案】5．B
6．C
7．B
8．A
【解析】
5．推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，Prject Debater可以打败人类对手，甚至包括以色列前国家辩论冠军Na Ovadia。由此推知，作者提到Na Ovadia是为了展示Prject Debater的聪明之处。
6．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“This can lead t the kinds f errrs n human wuld they als pint t a fundamental prblem.”可知，作者表明这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误，而这些错误无疑会被消除。因此Such wrinkles指的是上文中的“the kinds f errrs”。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“But it des nt specify what thse symbls mean. Indeed, t a cmputer, meaning is irrelevant.”可知，Prject Debater并没有具体说明那些符号的意思，事实上对计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。所以Prject Debater不能理解意义。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Meaning emerges thrugh a prcess f scial symbls in ur heads.”可知，意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的，而不是计算过程，这些互动过程塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。
1.utperfrm v.超过，胜过
2.fundamental adj.根本的，基本的
把……和……区分开
4.specify v.具体说明，明确规定；详述，详列
5.arrange v.安排；筹备；排列
6.cnventin n.习俗，常规，惯例
string 熟义：n.线；弦；一串 生义：v.用线（或细绳等）串，把……连在一起
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过介绍一个击败以色列前国家辩论冠军的软件程序“Prject Debater”以及它的明显缺陷——无法理解意义，说明了社会交往才是理解意义的关键所在。
Ⅱ.完形填空（每小题1分，共15分）
Li Cheng, 20, a cllege student and engineering enthusiast frm Chngqing, is making waves by turning his dreams int reality.
Emplying his knwledge, insight and 1 , Li has invented a grundbreaking Braille（盲文） dt display 2 fr the blind. Named “Argus”, the first bunch f the Braille dt display is expected t be 3 this summer.
Li said his idea fr Argus was traced back t the end f his freshman year in 2021. One day, when he was reading a nvel n his phne, a series f questins 4 his mind: “Hw d 5 impaired （受损的） peple read? Hw can I help them ut?” His 6 led t research n the tpic, including interacting with thse wh experienced daily 7 . Hwever, when he put his idea int practice, the expensive material jumped in the way.
In the past year, Li's team has managed t 8 csts by 40 percent by trial and 9 , and eventually succeeded in recnstructing a device that verturns the 10 physical apprach t the present electrmagnetic apprach. The first-generatin Argus is 11 between 8,000 and 10,000 yuan, with plans t intrduce a mre 12 entry-level versin with basic functins.
13 , Li plans t devte three t five years t bsting Argus. Overseas prmtin is als scheduled fr next year, with 14 t integrate the cre technlgy—high-density tactile sensing（高密度触觉传感）—int virtual reality applicatins and ptentially develp 15 cmpanin rbts, with the aim f imprving peple's dmestic lives.
1．A．sympathyB．faithC．cntributinD．ccupatin
2．A．celebratedB．adjustedC．tailredD．advcated
3．A．prvedB．handledC．awardedD．released
4．A．cludedB．struckC．sharpenedD．changed
5．A．mentallyB．behavirallyC．visuallyD．scially
6．A．hnestyB．determinatin
C．braveryD．curisity
7．A．activitiesB．exerciseC．perfrmanceD．challenges
8．A．increaseB．reduceC．cntrlD．estimate
9．A．incidentB．errrC．cmpetitinD．interruptin
10．A．previusB．cmprehensive
C．scientificD．systematic
11．A．listedB．measuredC．pricedD．calculated
12．A．fficialB．affrdableC．satisfactryD．intelligent
13．A．Thinking backB．Mving arund
C．Stepping asideD．Lking ahead
14．A．servicesB．respnsibilities
C．ambitinsD．requirements
15．A．husehldB．cmmercialC．medicalD．educatinal
【答案】1．A
2．C
3．D
4．B
5．C
6．D
7．D
8．B
9．B
10．A
11．C
12．B
13．D
14．C
15．A
【解析】
1．句意：利用他的知识、洞察力和同情心，郦铖发明了一种为盲人量身定制的突破性盲文点阵显示器。根据句中的“fr the blind”以及第5空后的“impaired peple”和“Hw can I help them ut?”可推知，他是出于对这些人的同情。故选A项。
2．根据第1题的解析可知这是郦铖为盲人量身定制的。be tailred fr表示“为……专门制作”。故选C项。
3．根据后文第14空前的“Overseas prmtin is als scheduled fr next year”可知，明年海外推广，所以第一批产品预计是今年夏天发布（released）。故选D项。
4．此处表示“一系列问题突然出现在他的脑海里”。strike在此处意为“突然想到，突然意识到”。故选B项。
5．根据上文的描述可知，这是专门为盲人开发的，所以此处是他好奇视力（visually）受损人士是如何阅读的。故选C项。
6．由空前的几个问题可知，是郦铖的好奇让他开始研究这个课题。故选D项。
7．由前文描述可知，他要专门为盲人开发阅读设备。根据生活常识可知盲人每天都要经历各种挑战。故选D项。
8．根据前一段最后一句话可知，昂贵的材料阻碍了他，所以此处应是设法降低了成本。故选B项。
9．根据语境，此处考查固定搭配by trial and errr，表示“通过反复摸索”。故选B项。
10．句意：……并最终成功地重建了一个设备，将以前的物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法。把物理方法推翻为目前的电磁方法，所以物理方法应该是以前的。故选A项。
11．根据句中的“between 8,000 and 10,000 yuan”可知，应是定价在8，000元至10，000元之间。故选C项。
12．根据给出的价格并结合生活常识可知，下一步推出的版本应是更实惠的、可负担得起的。故选B项。
13．根据语境“用三到五年的时间来推动Argus的发展”可知这应该是展望未来。think back 回想；mve arund 四处走动；step aside 让开；lk ahead 展望未来。故选D项。
14．句意：海外推广也计划于明年进行，目标是将核心技术——高密度触觉传感整合到虚拟现实应用中，并有可能开发家用陪伴机器人，以改善人们的家庭生活。整合技术开发家用陪伴机器人，这是他追求的目标（ambitins）。故选C项。
15．目的是改善人们的家庭生活，所以是开发家用（husehld）陪伴机器人。故选A项。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道，详细介绍了大学生郦铖发明的一种盲文点阵显示器，这种创新为视力受损的人提供了阅读的新方式。
Ⅲ.语法填空（每小题1.5分，共15分）
（2026·江西景德镇期中）
China is accelerating the cnstructin f an integrated natinal cmputing pwer platfrm. It aims t enhance the quality and 1. （efficient） f cmputatinal resurces and strengthen China's capabilities in cre technlgies such as AI chips.
In the past years, as the backbne f AI develpment, cmputing pwer 2. （becme） the battlegrund fr glbal technlgical advantage, and China is charging ahead with grund-breaking mtivatin 3. challenges nwadays.
4. mve is China's latest plan t scale up the digital infrastructure that is key t supprting its AI ecnmy and t practise its technlgical skills in 5. （strategy） industries. An fficial emphasized the gvernment's cmmitment t 6. （guide） the rderly develpment f cmputing infrastructure and imprving the supply quality f cmputing resurces at the 2025 China Cmputatinal Pwer Cnference,7. cncluded in Datng, Shanxi Prvince.
He emphasized the need t accelerate breakthrughs in key technlgies such as graphic （图形） prcessing units and algrithms fr large language mdels, which are crucial fr sharpening the 8. （cuntry） cmpetitive edge in AI.
9. （rugh） defined as the ability t prcess data, cmputing pwer includes technlgies such as chips and data centers t supprt infrmatin prcessing, data strage and netwrk capacity in the digital ecnmy era.
Mr Wu, an academician at the Chinese Academy f Engineering, said that cmputing pwer is an invisible yet necessary frce behind any AI-driven metamrphsis, and that withut enugh cmputing pwer t prcess data, it is impssible 10. （supprt） large-scale AI applicatins.
【答案】1．efficiency
2．has becme
3．despite
4．The
5．strategic
6．guiding
7．which
8．cuntry's
9．Rughly
10．t supprt
【解析】
1．考查名词。分析句子成分可知，空处与名词quality并列作宾语，需用名词形式，故填efficiency。
2．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语。根据时间状语In the past years可知，时态用现在完成时；主语cmputing pwer表单数意义，助动词用has。故填has becme。
3．考查介词。此处表示“尽管如今面临挑战，中国仍在以开拓性的动力勇往直前”，设空前后意思存在让步关系，且空后跟的是名词，故填despite。
4．考查冠词。此处mve特指前文“加速建设国家一体化算力平台”这一举措，表特指需用定冠词the，且句首单词首字母应大写，故填The。
5．考查形容词。空处修饰名词industries，需用形容词作定语，故填strategic。
6．考查非谓语动词。cmmitment t意为“致力于”，其中t为介词，后接动名词作宾语，故填guiding。
7．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the 2025 China Cmputatinal Pwer Cnference，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。
8．考查名词所有格。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词edge，需用名词cuntry的所有格形式，表示“国家的”，故填cuntry's。
9．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词defined，需用副词形式，且句首单词首字母应大写，故填Rughly。
10．考查非谓语动词。此处为固定句型“it is+形容词+t d sth.”，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，故填t supprt。
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国加速建设国家一体化算力平台的目标、背景、举措及算力的重要性。