人教版八年级下册英语 Unit 5 Nature's Temper单元基础卷（含听力+解析）

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人教版八年级下册英语Unit 5单元基础卷 听力原文+答案及解析 一、听力原文 Ⅰ. 短对话理解（每段对话读1遍） M: What were you doing when the rainstorm started, Lily? W: I was waiting for the bus at the bus stop. I got all wet. W: You look wet all over. Why didn’t you use your umbrella? M: I forgot to take it with me this morning. It rained suddenly. M: The weather report says a typhoon is coming. What should we do first? W: I think we should cover the windows to prevent them from breaking. W: Did you hear the weather forecast? We need to store some food and water. M: Yes, I did. A strong typhoon is on the way. M: How did you feel when the earthquake happened? W: I was so scared that I couldn’t move. My mom held me tightly. W: Did you hear the alarm last night? It was so loud. M: Yes, it went off at midnight. I woke up immediately. M: What did our teacher say in the morning? W: She warned us to stay away from the river because of the heavy rain. W: You are late for school again. What happened this time? M: There was a landslide on the road, so the bus was delayed. M: Did you watch the news last night? A terrible flood hit the south of our country. W: Yes, I did. Many people lost their homes. W: What will you bring to the community? They need help after the flood. M: I will bring some food and water for the people there. Ⅱ. 长对话理解（每段对话读2遍） 第一段长对话（回答第11-12小题） W: Tom, where were you when the typhoon hit our city yesterday? M: I was studying in the library. I didn’t know it was coming until the wind became strong. W: Oh, that’s dangerous. How did you get home safely? M: My father drove to the library to pick me up. The road was very wet and slippery. W: I’m glad you got home safely. M: Thank you. I will stay at home next time when a typhoon comes. 第二段长对话（回答第13-15小题） M: Lucy, you look tired. What happened to you last week? W: A flood hit our neighborhood last Wednesday. Our house was covered with water. M: That’s terrible. Did anyone help you? W: Yes, many volunteers came to our neighborhood. They helped us clean the house and bring food. M: What did you learn from this experience? W: I learned that we should stay calm in danger. Panic can’t help us solve problems. M: You’re right. We should also help each other when disasters happen. W: I agree with you. 听力答案： 1-10:B A B B C C D B D A 11-15: C A B C D 二、笔试部分 答案及解析 Ⅰ. 完形填空（15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 【参考答案】16.A 17.B 18.C 19.B 20.D 21.A 22.B 23.B 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B 29.A 30.C 【逐题解析】 16. A. warned（考查动词辨析） 解析：A. warned（警告、告诫）；B. refused（拒绝）；C. allowed（允许）；D. invited（邀请）。暴风雨来临时，老师会“警告”学生待在教室，符合安全场景；其他选项语义不符，故选A。 17. B. calm（考查形容词辨析+上下文逻辑） 解析：A. scared（害怕的）；B. calm（冷静的）；C. angry（生气的）；D. sad（难过的）。前文提到“some students were scared”，but表转折，老师试图让学生“冷静”，且后文提及“staying calm was important”，呼应主题，故选B。 18. C. strongly（考查副词辨析+语境搭配） 解析：A. gently（轻柔地）；B. softly（柔和地）；C. strongly（猛烈地）；D. quietly（安静地）。由“terrible rainstorm”可知，风应该是“猛烈地”吹，与“rain beat heavily”呼应，故选C。 19. B. went out（考查动词短语辨析） 解析：A. went off（（闹钟）响起、水电中断）；B. went out（熄灭、断电）；C. went on（继续）；D. went up（上升）。后文“the classroom became dark”提示“断电”，go out 可表示“（电力）中断、熄灭”，贴合语境；go off 更侧重闹钟响起，故选B。 20. D. taught（考查动词辨析+固定搭配） 解析：D. taught（教）；B. told（告诉）；C. asked（问）；A. advised（建议）。teach sb. how to do sth.（教某人如何做某事）是固定搭配，老师教学生防灾知识，符合语境；tell sb. sth. 不接“how to do”结构，故选D。 21. A. floodwater（考查名词辨析+上下文） 解析：A. floodwater（洪水、积水）；B. snow（雪）；C. sand（沙子）；D. leaves（树叶）。暴风雨会导致“积水”，结合“houses’ roofs were damaged”，只有floodwater符合场景，故选A。 22. B. before（考查介词/连词辨析+逻辑顺序） 解析：A. after（在……之后）；B. before（在……之前）；C. during（在……期间）；D. when（当……时）。储存食物和水是“暴风雨来临前”的准备工作，符合防灾常识，故选B。 23. B. thankfully（考查副词辨析+情感色彩） 解析：A. Unluckily（不幸地）；B. thankfully（庆幸地）；C. Suddenly（突然地）；D. Usually（通常地）。“no one was hurt”（无人受伤）是幸运的事，用thankfully表达庆幸，故选B。 24. B. hard（考查形容词辨析+固定句型） 解析：A. easy（容易的）；B. hard（困难的）；C. interesting（有趣的）；D. boring（无聊的）。固定句型find it + adj. + to do sth.（发现做某事……），老人独自修屋顶很“困难”，所以才需要帮助，故选B。 25. A. While（考查连词辨析+时态搭配） 解析：A. While（当……时，后接进行时）；B. When（当……时，可接任意时态）；C. Until（直到）；D. As soon as（一……就）。后文“we were working”是过去进行时，强调两个动作同时进行，用While更合适，故选A。 26. D. was repairing（考查动词时态） 解析：D. was repairing（过去进行时）；B. repaired（一般过去时）；C. repairs（一般现在时）；A. is repairing（现在进行时）。while连接两个同时进行的动作，后半句“was carrying”是过去进行时，前半句也用过去进行时，故选D。 27. C. supplies（考查名词辨析+语境） 解析：C. supplies（物资、补给品）；B. clothes（衣服）；A. books（书）；D. toys（玩具）。修理屋顶需要“修理物资”，repair supplies 为固定搭配，其他选项与场景无关，故选C。 28. B. how（考查疑问词辨析+固定结构） 解析：A. what（什么）；B. how（如何）；C. where（哪里）；D. who（谁）。固定结构tell sb. how to do sth.（告诉某人如何做某事），老师告诉学生“如何”在工作中保证安全，故选B。 29. A. help（考查动词辨析+文章主旨） 解析：A. help（帮助）；B. hurt（伤害）；C. fight（打架）；D. ignore（忽视）。文章围绕自然灾害中互助展开，此处指“互相帮助”，贴合主旨，故选A。 30. C. bravely（考查副词辨析+语境） 解析：C. bravely（勇敢地）；B. easily（容易地）；A. sadly（难过地）；D. carelessly（粗心地）。面对困难应该“勇敢地”面对，与前文“face natural disasters bravely”呼应，故选C。 Ⅱ. 阅读理解（15小题，每小题2分，共30分） 【参考答案】31.B 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.B 36.D 37.C 38.C 39.A 40.B 41.B 42.D 43.C 44.B 45.C 【逐题解析】 A篇（31-33题） 31. B 解析：细节理解题。由第一段“she noticed something strange. The water became dark and started to move back quickly”可知，Tilly在海滩上发现水变深且快速退去，故选B。 32. C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“Tilly remembered what she had learned in geography class. Her teacher told her that these signs meant a tsunami was coming”可知，她是在地理课上学到的海啸前兆知识，故选C。 33. B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“Thanks to Tilly’s quick thinking and knowledge, hundreds of people were saved”可知，知识可以拯救生命，故选B；A、C、D均与原文不符。 B篇（34-37题） 34. A 解析：细节理解题。由第一段“Typhoons are strong storms that often hit coastal areas. They bring strong winds, heavy rain and big waves”可知，台风带来强风和暴雨，故选A。 35. B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“Before a typhoon comes... Second, we should store enough food, water and emergency supplies”可知，台风来临前应储存足够的食物和水，故选B；A、C、D均为错误做法。 36. D 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“we should cover the windows with wood or plastic to prevent them from breaking”可知，封窗户是为了防止玻璃破碎，故选D。 37. C 解析：主旨大意题。文章第二段讲台风前的准备，第三段讲台风中的注意事项，第四段讲台风后的做法，核心是“如何在台风中保证安全”，故选C。 C篇（38-41题） 38. C 解析：细节理解题。由第一段“The earthquake happened at 3:42 a.m.”可知，地震发生在凌晨，属于早上，故选C。 39. A 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“After the earthquake, the whole city was in ruins”可知，地震后城市变成一片废墟，故选A；B、C、D均与原文不符。 40. B 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“Firefighters, soldiers and volunteers came to help”可知，消防员、士兵和志愿者来帮忙，故选B。 41. B 解析：推理判断题。由最后一段“The earthquake taught people the importance of unity and courage”可知，困难中团结和勇气很重要，故选B；A、C、D均与原文不符。 D篇（42-45题） 42. D 解析：细节理解题。由第一段“They can be caused by many things, such as lightning, human carelessness and high temperatures”可知，闪电和人类的粗心会引发野火，故选D。 43. C 解析：细节理解题。由第二段“If you are in a forest, you should run to an open area, such as a field or a road”可知，森林中发生野火时，应跑到开阔地带，故选C；A、B、D均为危险做法。 44. B 解析：细节理解题。由第三段“Sometimes they also create firebreaks, which are areas without trees or grass, to stop the fire from spreading”可知，消防员通过开辟防火带阻止火势蔓延，故选B。 45. C 解析：主旨大意题。文章第二段讲野火发生时如何自保，第三段讲消防员和志愿者的行动，第四段讲如何预防野火，核心是“教人们预防和应对野火”，故选C。 Ⅲ. 任务型阅读（5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 【参考答案】46.C 47.E 48.A 49.B 50.G 【逐题解析】 46. C. Don’t panic 解析：由下文“But panicking will not help... Take a deep breath and tell yourself to stay calm”可知，本段核心是“不要恐慌”，故选C。 47. E. Learn about the disaster 解析：由下文“learn as much as you can about it. Know what to do before, during and after the disaster”可知，本段核心是“了解灾害”，故选E。 48. A. Stay with others 解析：由下文“If you are with your family or friends, stay together. Talk to each other and support each other”可知，本段核心是“和他人待在一起”，故选A。 49. B. Follow instructions 解析：由下文“Follow the instructions of teachers, parents or rescue workers”可知，本段核心是“听从指示”，故选B。 50. G. Relax after the disaster 解析：由下文“After the disaster, do something to relax”可知，本段核心是“灾后放松”，故选G。 Ⅳ. 词汇部分（25分） A. 选词填空（5小题，每小题1分，共5分） 【参考答案】51.warned 52.preparing 53.beat 54.hid 55.supplied 【逐题解析】 51. warned 解析：由yesterday可知用一般过去时；warn sb. to do sth.（警告某人做某事），符合句意“老师昨天警告我们远离积水区域”。 52. preparing 解析：由are可知用现在进行时；prepare for（为……做准备），符合句意“他们正在储存食物和水，为即将到来的台风做准备”。 53. beat 解析：由last night可知用一般过去时；beat against（拍打），固定搭配，句意“昨晚雨猛烈地拍打窗户”。 54. hid 解析：由heard可知用一般过去时；hide behind（躲在……后面），句意“小男孩听到雷声时，躲到了门后”。 55. supplied 解析：此处描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时；supply sth. to sb.（给某人提供某物），句意“政府给灾区人民提供了食物和水”。 B. 短文填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 【参考答案】56.sudden 57.heavily 58.power 59.supplies 60.calm 61.Thankfully 62.ready 63.warnings 64.help 65.easily 【逐题解析】 56. sudden 解析：all of a sudden（突然），固定短语。 57. heavily 解析：修饰动词blowing，用副词；结合语境，暴风雨中 wind 猛烈地吹，用heavily（猛烈地）。 58. power 解析：turn off the power（关闭电源），固定搭配，符合防灾场景。 59. supplies 解析：emergency supplies（应急物资），固定短语，结合前文“stored”可知，此处指储存的应急物资。 60. calm 解析：keep sb. calm（让某人保持冷静），结合前文“my little sister was scared”，妈妈讲故事让她冷静。 61. Thankfully 解析：修饰整个句子，表达庆幸，句意“幸亏，我们家没有人受伤”；句首首字母大写。 62. ready 解析：be ready for（为……做好准备），固定短语，句意“我们应该始终为自然灾害做好准备”。 63. warnings 解析：由the可知用名词；warning（警告），此处用复数形式warnings，指政府的各种警告。 64. help 解析：and连接并列成分，stay calm 是动词原形，此处也用动词原形help，句意“面对灾害，我们应该保持冷静、互相帮助”。 65. easily 解析：修饰动词短语get through，用副词easily（容易地），句意“只有这样，我们才能容易地度过困难”。 C. 语法填空（10小题，每小题1分，共10分） 【参考答案】66.was walking 67.until 68.staying 69.protect 70.When 71.to help 72.to write 73.staying 74.if 75.to be 【逐题解析】 66. was walking 解析：考查过去进行时。when引导的时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时（saw），主句用过去进行时，强调“正在走路时，看到老人”，结构为was/were + doing，主语I，故填was walking。 67. until 解析：考查连词。句意“我们一起走，直到雨停”，until（直到），引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 68. staying 解析：考查动名词作主语。句意“他说在灾害中保持冷静非常重要”，此处staying calm 作主语，动名词可作主语，故填staying。 69. protect 解析：考查固定搭配。help sb. (to) do sth.（帮助某人做某事），to可省略，故填protect。 70. When 解析：考查连词。句意“当我们面对自然灾害时，我们应该保持冷静”，When（当……时），引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。 71. to help 解析：考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意“我希望将来能用这些知识帮助更多的人”，to help 表目的，故填to help。 72. to write 解析：考查固定搭配。ask sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事），故填to write。 73. staying 解析：考查动名词作介词宾语。on是介词，后接动名词，故填staying。 74. if 解析：考查连词。句意“我认为如果我们一起努力，我们就能减少自然灾害的破坏”，if（如果），引导条件状语从句，符合语境。 75. to be 解析：考查固定搭配。encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事），故填to be。 Ⅴ. 书面表达（20分） 【参考范文】 Dear classmates, Today, I want to talk about how to deal with rainstorms. It’s important to know some tips to keep safe. Before a rainstorm, we should prepare emergency supplies, such as food and water. We should also cover the windows to prevent them from breaking. During the rainstorm, we must stay indoors and turn off the power to avoid accidents. After the rainstorm, we should stay away from flooded roads and be careful when going out. Let’s remember these tips and keep ourselves safe when rainstorms come. Thank you!