高考英语二轮-阅读七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）教师版

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）教师版，共12页。
目录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 15
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
真题专区：练真题，明方向，补漏洞，提能力
真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
【答案】35. G36. C37. D38. F39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了拥有“刺猬”型思维方式和“狐狸”型思维方式的两类人对于个人和企业建立信誉度的优劣势。
35.根据上文“Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes.(拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人倾向于给出肯定的答案，G项中They 指代上文中的Hedgehg，G项“他们明确地站在一边或另一边，并全力支持自己的立场”说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人往往有明确的立场，承接上文，符合语境。故选G。
36.根据上文“They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. (他们专注于一件事并把它做得很好。他们知道自己擅长什么)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备优点，他们可以专注于一件事并知道自己擅长什么。C项“因此，他们的优势是（头脑）清楚和自信”进一步说明拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的优点，承接上文，符合语境。故选C。
37.根据下文“He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins. (他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情与他们的预测不相符时他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认自己错了)”可知，此处介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人的缺点。D项“但是，把注意力集中在一件大事上可能会有不利的一面”引出下文，介绍拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人具备缺点，符合语境。故选D。
38.根据上文“The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. (“狐狸”型思维方式的人的优势在于，他们更有可能从更广泛的来源中寻找新信息，并且对不确定性和新信息感到舒适)”和下文“They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. (他们试图将其纳入自己的观点，而不是将其排除在自己的思维之外)”可知，此处介绍拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人处理事情的方式。F项“当某件事与他们的观点相矛盾时，他们不会把它当作例外”承上启下，符合语境。故选F。
39.根据上文“The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. (这个问题可以用“像狐狸的刺猬”风格来回答)”和下文“The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. (成为拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人还是拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人的选择是一种错误的权衡)”可知，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的人和拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人各有优势。A项“换句话说，两者都有其明显的优势”承上启下，符合语境。故选A。
真题演练02（2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 1
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 2
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. 4 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
5 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
1. D 2. F 3. G 4. B 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何选择高校提供了一些建议。
1. 根据空前内容“It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin.(对于美国的学生和他们的家人来说，这是一年中既快乐又紧张的时刻，因为他们要决定去哪里上大学。家庭经常求助于排名系统来帮助做决定。)”可知，美国的学生和家人们在决定去哪儿上大学时，经常求助于排名系统。而根据下文第三段“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. (最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”可推断出，本文主要讲述的是排名方面出现的问题。选项D“Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.(然而，排名忽略了一个关键因素：教学质量。)”延续上文内容，指出大学排名存在的问题；而根据下文内容也可以推断，排名中存在的问题是教学质量被忽略。故选D。
2. 根据空前内容“When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings.(作为一名研究高等教育的学者，当我与一些家庭交谈时，他们常常惊讶地发现，优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名。)”可知，大学排名中优秀的教学水平并没有被纳入排名让人们觉得很惊讶。选项F“They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.(更让他们惊讶的是，大学竟然低估了教学的价值。)”延续上文内容，指的都是大学排名忽略教学质量。其中“mre surprised”和上文的“surprised”保持一致。故选F。
3. 空前内容“Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities.(最新的研究表明，排名较低的大学的课程在教学方面的平均得分高于排名较高的大学的课程。)”以及空后内容“The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.(考虑到高质量教学与学生成功之间的联系，排名中没有优秀教学令人惊讶。优质教学是衡量大学成绩的最重要因素之一。)”讲述的都是大学排名中没有考虑到教学。选项G“In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.(事实上，大学经常把重点从教学转移到其他排名因素上。)”与上下文内容相一致，故选G。
4. 根据空前内容“Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding.(然而，排名只是高等教育中对教学重视程度较低的一个原因。管理者通常不会将卓越的教学视为增加入学率或资金的一种方式。)”可知，上文分析了教学不被纳入排名的原因，该空应该讲其后果。选项B“Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.(因此，它在招聘或晋升中不受重视。)”是上文内容的延续，正因为管理人员通常不把卓越的教学视为增加入学率或增加资金的一种方式，所以教学在招聘和晋升中不受重视。故选B。
5. 根据下文内容“Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.(尽管如此，在拥有高质量教学的学校获得更多资源、更高排名和增加入学人数之前，不会有太大变化。从长远来看，大学、学校排名组织和其他机构应该努力使教学成为使命的一个有价值的核心部分。)”可知，此处算是站在大学的角度，提出如何把教学当成他们的首要核心任务。根据“Nevertheless”可知，空处内容和下文内容存在转折关系。选项E“Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.(在最近，努力改进教学水平的现象已经出现了。)”与下文形成转折，旨在说明，促使教学成为核心任务的艰巨性和重要性。故选E。
真题演练03（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 6 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
7 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 8 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 9 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C. It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D. Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E. If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F. There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G. This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
6. G 7. B 8. D 9. F 10. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式来让自己有一个健康的身体。
6. 根据空前“Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出下文，而且G项中的ther diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
7. 根据空后“We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
8. 根据空前“Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses.(健康是在特定时间内我们身体的状态。我们可能没有任何疾病，但身体仍然虚弱，随时会被病毒攻击。)”可知我们的身体虽然没有生病，但也很虚弱，随时会生病，根据空后“This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy.(这并不一定意味着我们不健康。)”可知生病并不一定表明我们是不健康的。空处承上启下，所以空处应该举例说明我们的身体在虚弱的情况下会生病这样一种状况，D项“Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.(例如，我们可能很容易感冒。)”举例说明我们的身体会在虚弱的情况下生病，承接上文，引出下文，而且空后的This指代D项的we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily这种情况，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
9. 根据空前“It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness.(对每个人来说，花些时间在健康和健身方面是很重要的。)”可知我们应该花时间去健身，根据空后“Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style.(例如，我们必须每天锻炼，不管我们的年龄和工作方式。)”可知我们应该每天坚持锻炼，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是我们应该通过哪些活动来进行锻炼，F项“There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.(在我们的生活中有一些活动是每个人都应该做的。)”承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
10. 根据空前“We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases.(我们每天至少应该有6到8个小时的睡眠。它有助于改善我们的免疫系统，保护我们抵抗疾病。)”可知我们应该保障充足的睡眠，根据空后“This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.(这反过来又给了我们健康和健身的新目标。)”可知充足的睡眠会对我们的健康和健身目标很有好处，空处承上启下，所以空处应该继续讲充足的睡眠的好处，C项“It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.(它也帮助我们保持冷静和放松我们的大脑。)”进一步讲了充足的睡眠对于我们的好处，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文语境。故选C项。
真题演练04（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple. 11 The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued. Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes.
12 Hwever，fr the same reasn，music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain，music，peple say，can lwer stress and anxiety levels. This，f curse，can lead t less pain.
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed. 13 While the validity f the idea is still being assessed，the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure. Similarly, accrding t researchers，listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels， thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety.
When it cmes t heart health，there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music， but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health. In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure. 14 On the ther hand，when the music slwed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit.
15 But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable.
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems.
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud.
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep.
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.
11. F 12. B 13. D 14. G 15. E
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
11. 空格后说“The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
12. 空格后说“Hwever，fr the same reasn，music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），Hwever表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
13. 空格前说“Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep中的sleep和ging t bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
14. 空格前说“In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
15. 空格后说“But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
真题演练05（2020·北京·高考真题）Many peple think that psitive thinking is mstly abut keeping ne's head in the sand and ignring daily prblems, trying t lk ptimistic. In reality it has mre t d with the way an individual talks t himself. Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself. 16 Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue. Peple wh regularly practise psitive thinking tend t slve prblems mre effectively. They are less expsed t stress caused by external factrs. They tend t believe in themselves and in what they d.
17 Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships. 18 Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety. Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress. 19
In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem. 20
Thinking in a psitive, self-encuraging way brings abut many benefits t ne's physical and mental health.
A. It desn't cause any severe emtinal discmfrt, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-cnfidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps ne t remain clear-headed and cnfident in difficult situatins.
D. Psitive thinking has several beneficial effects n the bdy and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviur and habits change as well.
F. They ften ffer a real alternative t the cmmn and regular way f thinking.
G. They ften feel discuraged lng befre trying t slve the prblem, even if small.
16. B 17. D 18. C 19. G 20. A
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了积极思考对人产生的各种益处，同时将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，分析两种人的差异。积极思维是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。
16. 根据上文“Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself.(自我对话是一个人持续不断的想法，他常常对一些事件、现象、人，甚至是他自己都没有意识和不确定)”以及后文“Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue.(同时，积极的思考可以帮助停止消极的自我对话，开始形成对一个问题的积极的观点)”由此可知，上文对自我对话进行了定义，后文则提到了积极的思考可以有助于停止消极的自我对话，可知本句是在说明消极的自我对话对人的不良影响。后文中negative self-talks可对应到B选项中Negative self-talk。故B选项“消极的自言自语会损害自信，降低自尊”符合语境，故选B。
17. 根据后文“Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships.(积极思考的人寿命更长，抑郁和焦虑率更低，身心更健康，死于心脏问题的风险更低。积极的思考也有助于一个人处理问题和困难的能力)”由此可知，后文提到了积极思考对人的益处，后文中Peple wh think psitively以及Psitive thinking可对应到D选项中Psitive thinking。故D选项“积极思考对身心有几个有益的影响”符合语境，故选D。
18. 根据后文“Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety.(例如，研究人员发现，当危机伴随着强烈的情绪时，比如自然灾害，积极的思考可以为抑郁和焦虑提供一种缓冲)”可知，后文举出的例子说明了积极思考可以让一个人在面临危机时，保持冷静。故C选项“它帮助一个人在困难的情况下保持头脑清醒和自信”符合语境，故选C。
19. 根据上文“Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress.(积极思考的、有韧性的人倾向于把每一个问题都看作是一个挑战，一个改进的机会，或者一个个人成长的机会。相反，悲观主义者倾向于将问题视为额外压力的来源)可知，上文在将积极思考者与悲观主义者相比较，本句应承接上文，进一步解释说明悲观主义者在解决问题时一些性格特点。上文Pessimists可对应到G选项中They。故G选项“他们常常在试图解决问题之前就感到气馁，即使是很小的问题”符合语境，故选G。
20. 根据上文“In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem. (总之，积极思考是应对困难时期和提高个人生活质量的强大而有效的工具。当一个人拒绝注意到一个问题时，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系)”可知，本句承接上文进一步说明一个人拒绝注意到问题的影响，它与无知的乐观主义没有任何关系，也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适。故A选项“它也不会引起任何严重的情绪不适”符合语境，故选A。
真题演练06（2019·北京·高考真题）Much f the wrk in tday’s wrld is accmplished(完成) in teams. Mst peple believe the best way t build a great team is t gather a grup f the mst talented individuals. 21 Cmpanies spend millins hiring tp business peple. Is their mney well spent?
22 They fcused n ftball, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. Fr ftball and basketball, adding talented players t a team prves a gd methd, but nly up t the pint where 70% f the players are tp talent; abve that level, the team’s perfrmance begins t decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additinal individual talent keeps imprving the team’s perfrmance.
T explain this phenmenn, the researchers explred the degree t which a gd perfrmance by a team requires its members t crdinate(协调) their actins. 23 In baseball, the perfrmance f individual players is less dependent n teammates. They cnclude that when task interdependence is high, team perfrmance will suffer when there is t much talent, while individual talent will have psitive effects n team perfrmance when task interdependence is lwer. If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team’s perfrmance. Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, “There is n I in TEAM.” 24
Anther pssibility is that when there is a lt f talent n a team, sme players may make less effrt. Just as in a game f tug-f-war(拔河比赛), whenever a persn is added, everyne else pulls the rpe with less frce.
25 An A-team may require a balance--nt just A players, but a few generus B players as well.
A. It’s nt a simple matter t determine the nature f talent.
B. Sprts team wners spend millins f dllars attracting tp talent.
C. The grup interactin and its effect drew the researchers’ attentin.
D. Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the rle f talent in the sprts wrld.
F. Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball frm ftball and basketball.
21. B 22. E 23. G 24. D 25. F
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章主要讲了建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。
21. 上文说“大多数人相信建立一个伟大团队的最好方法就是聚集一群最有天赋的个人”。下文说“公司花费数百万雇佣顶级商业人士。”该空承上启下，也是在举例，B选项“运动队老板花费数百万美元吸引顶尖人才。”切题，故选B。
22. 下文说“他们专注于足球、篮球和棒球。结果有好有坏。”这些都属于体育方面，该空引出下文，E选项“最近的几项研究调查了体育世界中人才的作用。”切题，故选E。
23. 上文说“为了解释这一现象，研究人员探索了一场好的表现要求队员们协调他们行动的程度”，下文说明了研究结果，该空承上启下，G选项“这项任务的相互依赖性使棒球区别于足球和篮球。”切题，故选G。
24. 上文说了“一个球星为了个人得分，而影响团队的表现”，该空承接上文，D选项“球星显然没有遵守运动员精神的基本原则”切题，故选D。
25. 下文说“一支一流球队可能需要一种平衡——不仅仅是最好球员，也需要一些有雅量的普通球员。”该空引出下文，F选项“建立一支最佳阵容球队比简单地雇佣最优秀的人才要复杂得多。”切题，故选F。
真题演练07（2018·北京·高考真题）Why D We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes f anger are varius. Knwing these causes can make us examine ur behavir, and crrect bad habits. The main reasns we get angry are triggering（触发）events, persnality traits（特征）, and ur assessment f situatins. 26
Triggering events fr anger are s many that t describe them all wuld take hundreds f pages. Hwever, here are sme examples: being cut ff in traffic, a deadline appraching, experiencing physical pain, and much mre. 27 The reasn why smene is triggered by smething and thers are nt is ften due t ne’s persnal histry and psychlgical traits.
Each persn, n matter wh they are, has psychlgical imbalances. Peple wh have persnality traits that cnnect with cmpetitiveness and lw upset tlerance are much mre likely t get angry. 28 Als, smetimes pre-anger des nt have t d with a lasting cnditin, but rather a temprary state befre a triggering event has ccurred.
29 Smetimes even rutine ccurrences becme surces f pre-anger, r anger itself. Smetimes ignrance and negative (消极的) utlks n situatins can create anger.
30 Hwever, anger can easily turn vilent, and it is best t knw the reasns fr anger t appear in rder t prevent its presence. With these main reasns in mind, we can evaluate ur level f anger thrughut the day and prevent cases f utbursts by cmprehending the reasns fr ur feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpint n situatins can create anger within us as well.
B. But sme types f situatins can help us t get rid f the ccurrence f anger.
C. Anger is rarely lked upn as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised t reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strng feeling and maybe peple think that they have reasns t feel angry.
E. Having these persnality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the backgrund f yur mind.
F. Understanding these reasns will cntrl ur wn anger if we are willing t evaluate urselves with a critical eye.
G. Nt everyne acts the same in respnse t events, and that is why what triggers ne persn may r may nt trigger anther.
26. F 27. G 28. E 29. A 30. D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章分析了导致人们生气的三个原因并指出如何防止愤怒爆发。
26. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到导致人们生气的三个主要原因： triggering（触发）events，persnality traits（特征），ur assessment f situatins，下面的几段具体分析了这三个原因与生气的关系。故该句应该起承上启下的作用，故F选项（如果我们愿意用批判性的目光来评估自己的话，那么了解这些原因将会控制我们的愤怒。）承上启下，故选F。
27. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。该空前面两句提到引发愤怒的事件很多，例如：堵车，截止日期临近，身体疼痛等。下一句提到：某件事会激发一个人的怒气，但其他人却不会为此而生气的原因是由于个人的历史和心理特征。该空承上启下，应当提到某件事会使某些人生气，但不会使别人生气这个现象，故G选项（人们对这些事情的反应不一样，这就导致使一个人生气的事情可能会让另一个人生气，也可能不会让另一个人生气。）承上启下，故选G。
28. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。上一句提到：每个人都有自己的心里不平衡的地方。那些比较好强，气量比较小的人更容易生气。下一句提到：而且，有时候，pre-anger并不一定是一种持久的状态，而是一种触发事件发生前的暂时状态。该空承上启下，既要提到上一句中的那些性格特征，又要提到下一句中的pre-anger，故Having these persnality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the backgrund f yur mind. （拥有这些个性特征意味着愤怒之前的状态，愤怒就在你的大脑背景中。）承上启下，故选E。
29. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：有时候，甚至常规性的事件也会变成pre-anger或恼怒的来源。有时候对这些情况的无知和负面观点会产生愤怒。该空位于段首，引出下文，故A选项（我们的对情况的态度和看法也会在我们内心产生愤怒。）是本段的主题句，概括全段内容，故选A。
30. 考查上下文理解和逻辑推理能力。下一句提到：但是生气很容易转变为暴力，所以最好了解一下愤怒的原因来阻止它的存在。该句和上一句之间是转折关系，结合剩余选项可知，D选项（愤怒是一种特别强烈的感情，或许人们认为他们有理由生气。）和下文构成转折关系，故选D。
点睛：七选五解题策略之一：词语复现
词语复现包括原词复现和同反义词复现，及正确选项和空格前后句子有相同的词或同反义词相互呼应。抓住这些复现线索，题目自然迎刃而解。在第一小题中，空前的the main reasns和G选项中的these reasns属于原词复现。第二小题空前文提到的trigger，G选项中的trigger，和空后一句中的trigger也属于原词复现。
真题演练08（2017·北京·高考真题）Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. 31
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. 32 We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing (加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Supprt is grwing fr a thery that sleep evlved s that cnnectins between neurns(神经元) in the brain can be weakened vernight, making rm fr fresh memries t frm the next day. 33
Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. 34 The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
If Tnni’s thery is right, it wuld explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin — ur brains may have smaller rm fr new experiences.
Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time even thugh the synapses becme thinner. The team discvered that sme synapses seem t be prtected and stayed the same size. 35 “Yu keep what matters,” Tnni says.
A. We shuld als try t sleep well the night befre.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant memries.
C. Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
D. The prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with memries.
E. That’s why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,” says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the idea.
G. Tnni’s team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
31. C 32. E 33. F 34. G 35. B
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了人和动物为什么需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。
31. 根据前一句When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep,they die within a mnth.当实验室的老鼠不允许睡觉时，一个月他们就死了，因此推断C项“同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病”，人和动物对应起来，死和生病形成对应，故选C。
32. 前一句提到的睡觉有助于帮助我们加强新的记忆，因此推断学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后逻辑关系很顺畅，因果联系，故选E。
33. 该空为段尾句，是对该段前面内容的总结，同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象，选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接. 也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间，按照研究人员Tnni的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"。故选F。
34. 根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项有关键词synapses，mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。
35. 该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯. 该空前面一句里出现了prtect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与选项B里的preserve和imprtant呼应. 也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来。前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
真题演练09（2016·北京·高考真题）The Science f Risk-Seeking
Smetimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is wrth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth taking. 36 Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us. Why? Experts say it may have t d with hw ur brains wrk?
The reasn why any f us take any risks al all might have t d with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, r explring. 37 As the quality f risk-taking was passed frm ne generatin t the next, humans ended up with a sense f adventure and a tlerance fr risk.
S why aren’t we all jumping ut f airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ag, t much risk-taking culd get ne killed. A few daring survived, thugh, alng with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans develped a range f character types that still exists tday. S maybe yu lve car racing, r maybe yu hate it. 38
N matter where yu are n the risk-seeking range, scientists say that yur willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years. 39 T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences. New experiences ften mean taking sme risks, s yur brain raises yur tlerance fr risk as well.
40 Fr the risk-seekers a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.
As experts cntinue t study the science f risk-seeking, we’ll cntinue t hit the muntains, the waves r the shallw end f the pl.
A. It all depends n yur character.
B. Thse are the risks yu shuld jump t take.
C. Being better at thse things meant a greater chance f survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped peple survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when yu start t mve away frm yur family and int the bigger wrld.
F. Hwever, we are nt all using the same reference standard t weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests ur brains wrk differently when we face a nervus situatin.
36. F 37. C 38. A 39. E 40. G
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们喜欢冒险的来源和科学依据，人们都喜欢冒险，因为风险也意味着回报，生活中人们喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事，这和人的大脑有关.
36. 根据前文because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth tasking.当我们衡量风险和回报时，风险值得去冒。根据后文Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us.有些人喜欢做一些让别人意外和害怕的事。也就是说衡量风险的标准每个人都可能不一样. 故F选项 “然而，我们并不是都使用相同的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”与上文为转折关系，且承接下文。故选F。
37. 根据前文Risk-takers were better at hunting，fighting，r explring. 喜欢冒险的人表现更优秀，这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去。故C选项“这意味着他们有更大的机会生存下去”承接上文。故选C。
38. 根据前文S maybe yu lve car racing，r maybe yu hate it. 也许你喜欢赛车，也许你不喜欢，这要依据你的性格。故A选项“这要依据你的性格”承接上文。故选A。
39. 根据前文scientists say that yur Willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years.科学家们指出冒险的意愿在年轻时会不断强烈。根据下文T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences.为了帮你实现那些，大脑会不断增加你对新的经历的渴望。而这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候。故E选项“这些是在你离开家庭，走进一个更大的世界的时候”承接上下文。故选E。
40. 根据下文Fr the risk-seekers a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.不同的人的大脑在处理快乐和恐惧时表现也会不一样。故前面应该是说大脑的不同反应。故G选项“新的大脑研究表明，当我们面对紧张的情况时，我们的大脑会以不同的方式工作” 承接下文。故选G。
真题演练10（2015·北京·高考真题）This Way t Dreamland Daydreaming means peple think abut smething pleasant, especially when this makes them frget what they shuld be ding. Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them. They can seem frgetful and clumsy. 41 They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things.
But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry. 42 Can yu imagine what kind f wrld we wuld have withut such ideas and inventins? S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver tree rts r therwise lking like a fl? First, understand that sme pprtunities(机会) fr daydreaming are better than thers.
Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams. 43 And if yu want t imprve yur chances f having a creative idea while yu’re daydreaming, try t d it while yu are invlved in anther task—preferably smething simple, like taking a shwer r walking, r even making meaningless drawings.
It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncentrate. “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep. 44 Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away. 45 Always remember that yur best ideas might cme when yur head is actually in the cluds.
A. Having interesting things t think abut als helps.
B. They stare ff int space and wander by themselves.
C. Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes.
D. At ne time, daydreaming was thught t be a cause f sme mental illnesses.
E. It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are ften very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard t understand.
G. Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne.
41. B 42. C 43. E 44. A 45. G
【导语】本文属于说明文.本文介绍了白日做梦的概念，解释了为什么白日做梦者常常被认为粗神经，但也是某些创意和成就的背后推手。文章提出了一些有助于白日做梦的方法，以及如何避免在需要专注的时候白日做梦。最后强调，创意有时出其不意而又不可预测。
41. 根据前文“ Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them. They can seem frgetful and clumsy. (白日梦者的坏名声是他们对周围发生的事情一无所知。他们看起来健忘、笨拙。)”可知，此处强调白日梦者因为对周围发生的一切一无所知，所以看起来健忘、笨拙。B选项“They stare ff int space and wander by themselves.(他们凝视着填空，独自踱步。)”与前文承接，指出白日梦者同样因为眼神放空，来回独自踱步而导致他们坏名声。同时该选项与后文“They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things. (他们惹恼了我们，因为他们似乎忽略了我们，错过了重要的事情。)”构成并列，都在讲述白日梦者的坏名声来源，B选项符合语境，故选B。
42. 根据前文“But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry. (但是，人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。)”可知，此处与前文构成转折关系，强调白日梦者们取得的巨大成绩即人类历史上一些最伟大的想法和成就也是由白日梦者产生的。后文应对此进行具体说明。C选项“Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes.(没有白日梦者们，我们就不会有相对论、可乐和便利贴。)”承接前文，指出人类历史中，白日梦者们做出的成绩，符合文意。故选C。
43. 根据上句“Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams. (感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。)”可知，此处强调感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。后文应该解释为什么感觉安全和放松会帮助你进入白日梦。E选项“It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive.(它包括缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注。)”选项中的it指代前句的动名词短语feeling safe and relaxed即缓慢、稳定的自我控制呼吸，帮助人们保持冷静和专注，由此会帮助你进入白日梦，符合语境。故选E。
44. 根据前文“It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncentrate. “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep.(同样重要的是，知道如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦。“正念”，集中注意力，是一些人用来避免入睡的工具。)”可知，此处强调的是如何在你真正需要集中注意力的时候避免做白日梦，如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦，集中注意力是一种方式。
考查逻辑关系。本段主要讲如何避免不合时宜的白日做梦。A选项“Having interesting things t think abut als helps.( 有有趣的事情可以思考也有帮助。)”可知，思考感兴趣的事情也可以帮助避免不合时宜的白日梦。此处的als与前文构成并列关系，符合语境。故选A。
45. 根据前文“Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away(最后，你永远不知道当你的大脑慢慢移动时，会有什么绝妙的想法出现)”可知，此处强调你确定不了自己大脑在运转时会有怎样的想法出现，后文应该强调对此问题如何解决。G选项“Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne.( 因此，当你处于白日梦状态时，在身边放一个笔记本或录音机是个好主意。)”承接前文，指出应该带一个本子随时记，随时记录自己的想法。该选项符合语境。故选G。
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
（23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fictin writers create imaginary wrlds. 1 S it’s imprtant fr yu t be familiar with the scientific principles and inventins that are related t yur creatin. Fr example, if yu’re writing abut human living n a planet with zer gravity, then yu need t knw the effects f zer gravity n the human bdy.
Then yu have t figure ut the exact rules f yur imaginary wrlds. And yu have t fllw them. If humans are able t breathe underwater in Chapter 1, yur character can’t drwn in a swimming pl in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing t pretend alng with yu. If yu start ut with an rdinary detective nvel and then thrw in smene breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin. 3
Part f yur preparatry wrk fr the nvel is t map ut its wrlds in great detail. Yu shuld decide the fllwing issues: the histry f the wrld, the gegraphy, what pssibilities it ffers, hw everything wrks in this new reality, and hw all f these factrs affect the way yur characters think, feel, and react t things. Yu dn’t have t tell yur readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This als allws yu t wrk ut lgical prblems and cntradictins befre yu start writing.
5 Yu are inviting readers t visit a new wrld. They will want t be able t see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether yur nvel is abut a wrld withut disease r an undiscvered planet, help yur readers feel like they’re actually there.
A．The issue here is maintaining yur readers’ trust.
B．Yur characters must be based n imaginatin nly.
C．When yu are writing, remember t make it feel real.
D．Instead, yu nly need t fllw the rules all the way.
E．The same thing happens if yu change the rules halfway.
F．But yu have t let readers knw enugh t understand what’s ging n.
G．The way things wrk in yur imaginary wrlds will be based n actual science.
【答案】1．G 2．A 3．E 4．F 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章为科幻作家提供了关于科幻作品创作的注意事项。
1．前文“Science fictin writers create imaginary wrlds. (科幻作家创造想象的世界。)”提到科幻作家的想象世界，后文“S it’s imprtant fr yu t be familiar with the scientific principles and inventins that are related t yur creatin. (所以熟悉与你的创作相关的科学原理和发明是很重要的。)”指出熟悉科学原理和发明很重要，因此G项“The way things wrk in yur imaginary wrlds will be based n actual science. (在你想象的世界中，事物的工作方式将基于实际的科学。)”符合语境，指出想象的世界也基于科学来运作，承上启下，其中的imaginary wrlds在前文有同词复现，science与后文的scientific呼应。故选G。
2．前文“If humans are able t breathe underwater in Chapter 1, yur character can’t drwn in a swimming pl in Chapter 3. (如果人类能够在第一章中在水下呼吸，那么你的角色就不能在第三章中淹死在游泳池中。)”以具体的例子说明科幻世界要遵循设定，后文“That means the reader is willing t pretend alng with yu. (这意味着读者愿意假装和你在一起。)”进一步解释前一句的内容，与读者的信任相关，因此A项“The issue here is maintaining yur readers’ trust. (这里的问题是如何维持读者的信任。)”符合语境，指出关键是维持读者的信任，承上启下，其中的maintaining yur readers’ trust是后文That的指代对象，readers在后文有同词复现。故选A。
3．前文“If yu start ut with an rdinary detective nvel and then thrw in smene breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin. (如果你从一本普通的侦探小说开始，然后在第六章加入一个在水下呼吸的人，你会把读者从他们的想象中拉出来。)”举出具体的不遵循设定的写作情况，指出其负面影响，因此E项“The same thing happens if yu change the rules halfway. (如果你中途改变规则，也会发生同样的事情。)”符合语境，举出中途改变规则的情况，和前文是并列关系，其中的The same thing指代前文的yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin。故选E。
4．前文“Yu dn’t have t tell yur readers all the rules in the first chapter. (你不必在第一章就告诉你的读者所有的规则。)”提醒不必在开始就呈现所有规则，因此F项“But yu have t let readers knw enugh t understand what’s ging n. (但你必须让读者知道足够的信息，以便理解发生了什么。)”符合语境，提醒要给出足够的信息，和前文是转折关系。故选F。
5．根据后文“Yu are inviting readers t visit a new wrld. They will want t be able t see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether yur nvel is abut a wrld withut disease r an undiscvered planet, help yur readers feel like they’re actually there. (你在邀请读者去参观一个新的世界。他们希望能够看到、听到、感觉到、闻到甚至品尝到它是什么样子的。无论你的小说是关于一个没有疾病的世界还是一个未被发现的星球，让你的读者觉得他们真的在那里。)”可知，本段主要建议科幻世界要让读者有身临其境的感觉，空处位于段首，应该与为读者创造真实的感觉相关，因此C项“When yu are writing, remember t make it feel real. (当你在写作时，记得让它感觉真实。)”符合语境，契合后文内容。故选C。
（23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. 6 , Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds.
Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. 7 . It was this trait f prductive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
8 . They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. 9 . In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd. Meanwhile, it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. 10 .
A．T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk.
B．The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C．Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D．Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia, and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E．The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl
F．They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday.
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．A 9．E 10．G
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章探讨了关于鸡与鸡蛋的经典问题，并通过介绍一项新的考古研究成果，阐述了家鸡驯化史中关于鸡蛋生产的重要发现，以及这些发现对理解家鸡起源和传播的意义。
6．由下文的“Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds. (考古学方法的最新进展揭示了许多曾经被认为是早期鸡的证据的骨头发现，实际上属于野生鸟类，)”可知，下文则提到了关于鸡的考古新发现，说明对于鸡如何起源和传播的故事并不清晰。因此，C选项“Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear (然而，它们如何起源并在古代世界中传播的故事仍很大程度上不清楚)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选C。
7．由上文的“Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. (现在，在一份新的出版物中，一个由考古学家、历史学家和生物分子科学家组成的国际团队提出了最早的明确证据，证明养鸡是为了产蛋。研究人员从12个考古遗址收集了大约1500年的蛋壳碎片，研究人员表明，从公元前400年到公元1000年，鸡在中亚被广泛饲养，并可能沿着古丝绸之路传播。)”可知，科学家发现大量的蛋壳，本空继续谈论这些蛋壳的发现的意义。B选项“The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn. (大量蛋壳进一步表明，这些鸟是在淡季产卵的。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选B。
8．根据下文的“They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (他们从丝绸之路中亚主要走廊沿线的遗址收集了数以万计的蛋壳碎片。然后，他们使用一种称为ZMS的生物分子分析方法来确定卵子的来源。这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，下文谈论了团队做的工作，故本空也与团队做的工作有关。A选项“T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk (为了得出这些结论，团队做了大量工作)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选A。
9．根据上文的“The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. (这些壳碎片被鉴定为鸡，以及它们在每个地点的丰度，使研究人员得出了一个重要的结论。)”可知，本空要阐述这一结论，根据下文的“In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). (在野外，这种鸟每年筑巢一次，通常每窝产六个蛋)”可知，这种鸟下蛋更多，E选项“The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl (这些鸟一定比它们的野生祖先红原鸡更频繁地下蛋)”是对研究结果的直接阐述，能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
10．根据上文的“Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. (总的来说，这项新研究为古老的鸡生蛋还是蛋生鸡之谜提供了答案。)”可知，最后一个空格要求总结全文，总结研究的核心发现。G选项“As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday. (正如中亚的证据所表明的那样，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡。)”既回应了文章开头的问题，也总结了研究的核心发现，大量产蛋的能力使鸡成为我们今天所知道的鸡，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
（23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. 11
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. 12 Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
13 If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. 14 S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. 15 Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A．Pain is nt fun t feel.
B．Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C．Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D．Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival.
E．All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F．It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G．Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
【答案】11．F 12．E 13．D 14．G 15．A
【导语】本文体裁为说明文。文章通过日常生活中的例子解释了疼痛的感觉机制、疼痛对人类生存的重要作用及其有时与实际伤害无关的现象，旨在向读者普及关于疼痛的生物学知识及其对身体健康的意义。
11．由上文“Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bar e arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. (想象一下：你在烤饼干。当你把平底锅从烤箱里拿出来的时候，你的手臂不小心碰到了它。哎哟！你为什么感到疼痛？你的大脑是如何感知疼痛的？我们可能不喜欢疼痛，但我们的身体需要它作为一种警告系统。)”可知，接下来的句子会进一步阐述疼痛作为一种警告系统的功能。因此，选项F“It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng (这是大脑的一项重要功能，它告诉我们的身体何时出了问题)”承接了上文的“警告系统”，符合题意。故选F。
12．由上文“There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. (我们的皮肤和身体中有一些特殊的受体细胞，它们对某些刺激很敏感。这些细胞被称为“伤害感受器”。当伤害感受器受到疼痛刺激时，它会向大脑发送信息。大脑处理这些信息，然后感觉疼痛。)”可知，上文描述了疼痛信号如何从皮肤的受体细胞发送到大脑并被感知的过程，紧接着应该继续讨论这一过程。因此，选项E“All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive (所有这些信号发送和处理的速度都快于我们的感知速度)”解释了为什么疼痛感觉似乎是即时发生的，能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
13．由下文“If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal. (如果我们受伤了，疼痛会提醒我们休息，让伤口愈合。如果我们站得离火太近，疼痛会告诉我们走开。感觉不到疼痛是很危险的。有些人能感觉到触摸之类的感觉，但他们感觉不到疼痛。如果感觉不到疼痛，当他们需要休息或治疗时，他们就无法倾听自己身体的声音。)”可知，本空之后的内容讲述的是疼痛的实际作用，比如提醒我们休息和避免进一步伤害。因此，这里需要一个过渡句来引出疼痛的正面意义。选项D“Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival (尽管疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉，但它对人类生存是必要的)”既承认了疼痛的负面特性，又引出了其必要性，能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
14．由上文“On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. (另一方面，大脑有时在对身体没有任何实际伤害的情况下处理疼痛。这里有一个著名的故事：一个人踩到了钉子。它穿过了他的鞋底，他感到非常痛苦。当医生脱掉他的鞋子时，他们发现钉子在他的脚趾之间！它根本没有进到他的脚里)”可知，这个故事的例子说明了即使没有实际受伤，大脑也可能感知到疼痛。因此，需要一个选项来解释这种现象。选项G“Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm (然而，视觉信息欺骗了他的大脑，使其认为有理由警觉)”很好地解释了为何在没有实际伤害的情况下，这个人仍然感到疼痛，因为大脑根据错误的信息做出了反应，能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
15．由上文“Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. (没有疼痛，我们可能不知道什么时候需要休息。我们可能不知道我们是否有伤害自己的危险。)”和下文“Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival! (然而，它是人类生命和生存的重要组成部分！)”可知，本空需要一个总结性的句子，重申疼痛虽不愉快，但对于人类生存的重要性。选项A“Pain is nt fun t feel (感受疼痛并不有趣)”自然而然地引向了全文的结论，即疼痛作为一种必要的预警机制对于生存的价值，能承接上文，并于下文构成转折，符合题意。故选A。
（23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Sme peple think that success is nly fr thse with talent r wh grw up in the right family. Others believe that success mstly cmes dwn t luck. I’m nt ging t say luck, talent, and circumstances dn’t cme int play because they d. Sme peple are brn int the right family while thers are brn with great intelligence. 16
Hwever, t succeed in life, yu need t set a gal. 17 T get really gd at smething, yu need t spend at least 10,000 hurs studying and practicing. T becme great at certain things, it’ll require even mre time. Mst peple wn’t put in that time. If yu dn’t enjy what yu d, it will feel like unbearable pain. Yu will likely quit befre yu becme gd at it. 18
When yu see peple with great skills r wh have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part f their life t get there at a huge cst. 19 But thinking that way des yu n gd, and yu’re prbably wrng.
20 Yu must almst reach the pint f addictin and keep at it fr a lng perid f time. If yu’re nt willing t put in the time and wrk, dn’t expect any rewards. Cnsistent, hard wrk wn’t guarantee the level f success yu want. But it will guarantee yu becme really gd at whatever yu dedicate yurself t.
A．That’s just hw life is.
B．One cannt succeed withut time.
C．And then, yu need t make it practical.
D．Successful peple like t shw their great skills and talent.
E．It’s easy t think they gt lucky r were brn with rare talent.
F．This is a big reasn why many successful peple advise yu t d smething yu lve.
G．Whatever yu d, if yu want t becme great at it, yu need t wrk day in and day ut.
【答案】16．A 17．C 18．F 19．E 20．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了成功的关键在于设定目标，投入大量时间和努力并坚持不懈。
16．上文“I’m nt ging t say luck, talent, and circumstances dn’t cme int play because they d. Sme peple are brn int the right family while thers are brn with great intelligence.(我不会说运气、天赋和环境不会发挥作用，因为它们的确会发挥作用。有些人出生在合适的家庭，而另一些人天生就很聪明)”说明实际上运气、天赋和环境的确会发挥作用，A项“生活就是这样。”承接上文，并引出下文内容“Hwever, t succeed in life, yu need t set a gal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”，A项符合题意。故选A。
17．上文“Hwever, t succeed in life, yu need t set a gal.(然而，要想在生活中取得成功，你需要设定一个目标)”说明你需要设定目标，C项中it指代上文提及的gal，C项“然后，你需要让它变得实用。”进一步说明设定目标后需要采取的做法，承接上文，符合题意。故选C。
18．上文“If yu dn’t enjy what yu d, it will feel like unbearable pain. Yu will likely quit befre yu becme gd at it.(如果你不喜欢你所做的事情，那将是难以忍受的痛苦。你可能会在擅长之前就放弃)”说明如果你不喜欢自己所做的事情，将会产生不好的结果，所以要做自己喜欢做的事，F项中smething yu lve是关键词汇，F项“这就是为什么许多成功人士建议你做自己喜欢的事情的一个重要原因。”承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
19．上文“When yu see peple with great skills r wh have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part f their life t get there at a huge cst.(当你看到那些拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人时，请记住，他们付出了巨大的代价，付出了生命中的很大一部分)”介绍拥有高超技能或取得成功的人们事实上是付出了代价的，E项中they指代上文中拥有高超技能或取得巨大成功的人，E项“人们很容易认为他们很幸运，或者天生就有罕见的天赋。”承接上文，并与下文“But thinking that way des yu n gd, and yu’re prbably wrng.(但那样想对你没有好处，而且你可能错了)”构成转折关系，符合题意。故选E。
20．下文“Yu must almst reach the pint f addictin and keep at it fr a lng perid f time. If yu’re nt willing t put in the time and wrk, dn’t expect any rewards. Cnsistent, hard wrk wn’t guarantee the level f success yu want. But it will guarantee yu becme really gd at whatever yu dedicate yurself t.(你必须几乎达到上瘾的程度，并保持很长一段时间。如果你不愿意投入时间和工作，不要指望任何回报。持续的努力工作并不能保证你想要的成功水平。但这将保证你真正擅长你所致力于的任何事情)”说明你应该坚持不懈地做事，G项“无论你做什么，如果你想变得很棒，你需要日复一日地工作。”与下文语意一致，符合题意。故选G。
（23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Fd has always been a universal language that brings peple tgether. It has the pwer t bridge cultural gaps and fster understanding between natins. 21
Actually, culinary diplmacy is nt a new cncept. It has been practiced fr centuries, with ancient civilizatins using fd as a means f establishing diplmatic relatins. Tday, it has develped int a mre frmalized practice, with gvernments recgnizing its ptential t build bridges and prmte peace.
22 Fd is deeply rted in culture, and by sharing traditinal dishes, cuntries can shwcase their unique heritage and traditins. Thrugh fd, peple can gain a deeper understanding f a natin’s histry, values, and way f life. This exchange f culinary traditins can lead t a greater appreciatin and respect fr different cultures.
Culinary diplmacy als prvides a platfrm fr dialgue between natins. 23 These gatherings create pprtunities fr peple t engage in meaningful cnversatins. By breaking bread tgether, peple can find cmmn grund and establish cnnectins that g beynd plitical differences.
Furthermre, culinary diplmacy can have ecnmic benefits fr cuntries. By prmting their lcal cuisine, natins can attract turists and bst their culinary turism industry. 24 Additinally, culinary diplmacy can enhance a cuntry’s sft pwer, as its cuisine becmes a symbl f its cultural richness and diversity.
In recent years, several cuntries have embraced culinary diplmacy as a means f prmting their natinal cuisine and culture. Peru, fr example, has successfully used culinary diplmacy t prmte its cuisine. 25 Peru has taken advantage f this by hsting internatinal fd events and establishing culinary schls t train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in turism and internatinal recgnitin.
Culinary diplmacy plays a crucial rle in fstering cultural exchange and prmting dialgue between natins. As the wrld becmes mre intercnnected, it will cntinue t be a pwerful tl in prmting peace and fstering glbal understanding.
A．Culinary diplmacy can prmte trade, turism and cperatin.
B．This generates prfit and creates jb pprtunities fr lcal peple.
C．One f the key rles f culinary diplmacy is fstering cultural exchange.
D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has becme a glbal hit.
E．Internatinal fd festivals and events bring fd enthusiasts wrldwide tgether.
F．As the saying ges, “The easiest way t win hearts and minds is thrugh stmach.”
G．This is where culinary diplmacy cmes in, using fd t prmte cultural exchange.
【答案】21．G 22．C 23．E 24．B 25．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了烹饪外交对促进文化交流和增进国家了解的作用。
21．上句“It has the pwer t bridge cultural gaps and fster understanding between natins.(它有能力弥合文化差距，促进国家之间的理解。)”讲述了食物能够消除文化差距，增进国家间的理解，下一段第一句“Actually, culinary diplmacy is nt a new cncept.(事实上，烹饪外交并不是一个新概念。)”提到了烹饪外交，由此可知，空处应承上启下，引出下文的烹饪外交，G项“这就是烹饪外交的用武之地，利用食物促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选G。
22．根据下文“Fd is deeply rted in culture, and by sharing traditinal dishes, cuntries can shwcase their unique heritage and traditins. Thrugh fd, peple can gain a deeper understanding f a natin’s histry, values, and way f life. This exchange f culinary traditins can lead t a greater appreciatin and respect fr different cultures.(食物深深植根于文化，通过分享传统菜肴，各国可以展示其独特的遗产和传统。通过食物，人们可以更深入地了解一个国家的历史、价值观和生活方式。这种烹饪传统的交流可以使人们更加欣赏和尊重不同的文化。)”可知，下文讲述了食物文化交流的意义，空处应引出下文内容，C项“烹饪外交的关键作用之一是促进文化交流。”符合题意。故选C。
23．根据前文“Culinary diplmacy als prvides a platfrm fr dialgue between natins.(烹饪外交也为各国之间的对话提供了一个平台。)”和后文“These gatherings create pprtunities fr peple t engage in meaningful cnversatins.(这些聚会为人们创造了进行有意义对话的机会。)”可知，空处应和platfrm和gatherings有关，E项“国际美食节和活动将世界各地的美食爱好者聚集在一起。”符合题意。故选E。
24．前文“Furthermre, culinary diplmacy can have ecnmic benefits fr cuntries. By prmting their lcal cuisine, natins can attract turists and bst their culinary turism industry.(此外，烹饪外交可以为各国带来经济利益。通过推广当地美食，各国可以吸引游客，促进烹饪旅游业的发展。)”讲述了烹饪外交可以带来经济利益，推广当地美食可以促进烹饪旅游业的发展，结合空后一句“Additinally, culinary diplmacy can enhance a cuntry’s sft pwer, as its cuisine becmes a symbl f its cultural richness and diversity.(此外，烹饪外交可以增强一个国家的软实力，因为它的美食成为其文化丰富性和多样性的象征。)”可知，后文讲述了烹饪外交的可以增强国家软实力的另一层好处，由此可知，空处应承接上文，进一步讲述烹饪外交产生的经济好处，B项“这为当地人创造了利润和就业机会。”符合题意。故选B。
25．前文“Peru, fr example, has successfully used culinary diplmacy t prmte its cuisine.(例如，秘鲁成功地利用烹饪外交来推广其美食。)”讲述了秘鲁利用烹饪外交推广美食，空处应进一步讲述推广美食的影响，D项“其丰富的烹饪传统，如酸橘汁腌鱼等菜肴，已成为全球热门。”符合题意。故选D。
（23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select ur utfits each day, we may nt always realize the influence ur clthing chices have n ur md, behavir, and even hw thers understand us.
26 Studies have shwn that dressing well can significantly affect hw we feel abut urselves and ur abilities. When we wear utfits that make us feel cnfident and cmfrtable, we are mre likely t make a psitive impressin n thers.
Our clthing chices are like a persnal canvas (画布). 27 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress r a bld graphic tee, ur clthes becme a reflectin f wh we are. Fashin is a pwerful tl that helps us cmmunicate with the wrld and frm cnnectins with like-minded individuals.
Have yu ever nticed hw wearing a particular utfit can change yur md?
28 Fr instance, bright clrs and cheerful patterns can uplift ur spirits and bring a sense f happiness. 29 The link between clrs and emtins plays a vital rle in shaping ur utlk n the day.
Clthes we wear can als influence ur behavir and cgnitive prcesses. Fr example, wearing frmal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time t fcus and be prductive, while mre relaxed clthing might encurage a mre casual apprach. 30
S, the next time yu dress up, remember the huge influence yur utfit can have, and embrace the pprtunity t express yurself thrugh the art f fashin.
A．Clthing can give rise t varius emtinal respnses.
B．Crrect clthes cnveys that yu are interested in the jb.
C．On the ther hand, wearing darker might create a feeling f seriusness.
D．Thus, the right utfit can give us cnfidence needed t cnquer the day ahead.
E．It allws us t express ur beliefs, interests, and emtins withut saying a single wrd.
F．Chsing the right fr specific ccasins can, therefre, enhance ur perfrmance and efficiency.
G．The phrase “dress fr success” hlds true when it cmes t the impact f clthes n self-cnfidence.
【答案】26．G 27．E 28．A 29．C 30．F
【导语】本文属于说明文，主要讨论了服装选择对个人情绪、行为以及他人印象的影响。
26．由上文“As we carefully select ur utfits each day, we may nt always realize the influence ur clthing chices have n ur md, behavir, and even hw thers understand us. (当我们每天仔细挑选服装时，我们可能并不总是意识到我们的服装选择对我们的情绪、行为甚至别人如何理解我们的影响。)”和下文的“Studies have shwn that dressing well can significantly affect hw we feel abut urselves and ur abilities. When we wear utfits that make us feel cnfident and cmfrtable, we are mre likely t make a psitive impressin n thers. (研究表明，穿着得体可以显著影响我们对自己和能力的感觉。当我们穿着让我们感到自信和舒适的服装时，我们更有可能给别人留下积极的印象。)”可知，我们的着装选择对自我感觉和能力的影响可知，这里需要一个总结性的话语来概括这种正面影响，尤其是关于自信方面。因此，G选项“The phrase “dress fr success” hlds true when it cmes t the impact f clthes n self-cnfidence.(“穿着成功”这一说法在衣服对自信心的影响方面是千真万确的）能承上启下，强调了正确着装对于提升自信的作用。故选G。
27．根据下文的“Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress r a bld graphic tee, ur clthes becme a reflectin f wh we are. Fashin is a pwerful tl that helps us cmmunicate with the wrld and frm cnnectins with like-minded individuals. (无论是复古风格的连衣裙还是大胆的图案t恤，我们的衣服都能反映出我们是谁。时尚是一个强大的工具，它帮助我们与世界交流，并与志同道合的人建立联系。)”可知，下文讨论的是衣物作为个人表达的媒介，需要一个句子说明服装如何无声地传达个人的内在。E选项“It allws us t express ur beliefs, interests, and emtins withut saying a single wrd. (它使我们无需说一句话就能表达我们的信念、兴趣和情感。)”能引起下文，强调了服装是一种非言语的表达方式。故选E。
28．由下文的“Fr instance, bright clrs and cheerful patterns can uplift ur spirits and bring a sense f happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，此处需要一个句子引出服装与情绪之间的关系，特别是服装如何能够改变我们的心情。A选项“Clthing can give rise t varius emtinal respnses. (服装可以引发各种情绪反应。)”能引起下文，直接指出了服装与情绪反应之间的关联。故选A。
29．由上文的“Fr instance, bright clrs and cheerful patterns can uplift ur spirits and bring a sense f happiness. (例如，明亮的颜色和欢快的图案可以提升我们的精神，带来一种幸福感。)”可知，上文提到了明亮颜色和欢快图案对提升心情的作用，接下来应该继续讨论颜色对情绪的具体影响。C选项“On the ther hand, wearing darker might create a feeling f seriusness. (另一方面，穿深色可能会产生一种严肃感。)”与前文形成对比，补充说明了不同色彩对情绪的不同影响。故选C。
30．由上文的“Clthes we wear can als influence ur behavir and cgnitive prcesses. Fr example, wearing frmal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time t fcus and be prductive, while mre relaxed clthing might encurage a mre casual apprach. (我们穿的衣服也会影响我们的行为和认知过程。例如，穿正式的商务套装可能会向大脑发出信号，告诉你是时候集中精力工作了，而更轻松的衣服可能会鼓励你更随意。)”可知，此处需要一个句子总结服装如何影响我们的行为和认知过程，并且与上文中的“正式商务装”和“休闲装”的例子相呼应。F选项“Chsing the right fr specific ccasins can, therefre, enhance ur perfrmance and efficiency. (因此，为特定场合选择合适的着装可以提高我们的表现和效率。)”强调了恰当着装对提升个人效能的重要性，能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
（23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive persn, r HSP, is a term cined by psychlgist Elaine Arn. Accrding t research, in every five peple, there’s ne HSP. 31 HSPs have strng self-cnsciusness; they may struggle t adapt t new circumstances, demnstrate seemingly inapprpriate emtinal respnses in scial situatins, and easily becme uncmfrtable in respnse t light, sund r certain physical sensatins. 32
The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) pwer”. Usually, peple assciate “insensitivity” with smething bad, but insensitivity des nt equal dullness. 33 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and dwntime in life and firmly mving twards ne’s wn directin. It is the “means and wisdm t win a better life”, as a Japanese authr writes in the bk The Pwer f Insensitivity. Accrding t him, the wrld will be better if we fcus n the majr gals and stay insensitive t anything else.
34 One f the imprtant reasns is that behind insensitivity is strng self-awareness r self-cnfidence. Knwing yurself is difficult, but knwing yurself crrectly is undubtedly an excellent ability. One f the qualities shared by many successful peple is: they all clearly knw where their strengths are, what they want, and what directin t g.
T practice insensitivity, the first step is t avid verthinking. Resist the urge t veranalyze situatins, and redirect yur fcus twards actinable steps within yur cntrl. Secndly, dn’t pay t much attentin t the ups and dwns f life at the mment. Rather, yu shuld be lking frward. Additinally, set clear bundaries. 35 Remember nt t get t invlved in ther peple’s business and set limits that keep yu safe frm utside pressures.
As a unique wisdm f life, the pwer f insensitivity gives cmpletely new inspiratin t mdern peple. Once yu becme a bit “blunt” and slw dwn the pace, yu will feel mre cmfrtable.
A．Everyne can btain the ability t be insensitive.
B．That’s where the need t be insensitive cmes frm.
C．It emphasizes determinatin when it cmes t difficulties.
D．Avid fcusing t much n what thers are ding r thinking.
E．Regarding relatinships, learn t view the prblem as tw parts.
F．Being a highly sensitive persn can cme with many challenges.
G．Why can insensitivity allw a persn t better adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment?
【答案】31．F 32．B 33．C 34．G 35．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章的主旨是讨论高度敏感人群（HSP）的特点以及不敏感性的力量。
31．根据前文“Highly sensitive persn, r HSP, is a term cined by psychlgist Elaine Arn. Accrding t research, in every five peple, there’s ne HSP. (高敏感者，简称HSP，是心理学家伊莱恩·阿伦创造的一个术语。根据研究，每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群。)”以及后文“HSPs have strng self-cnsciusness; they may struggle t adapt t new circumstances, demnstrate seemingly inapprpriate emtinal respnses in scial situatins, and easily becme uncmfrtable in respnse t light, sund r certain physical sensatins. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，前文提出每五个人中就有一个高敏感人群，后文描述了HSP的一些特点，如强烈的自我意识、难以适应新环境、在社交场合表现出看似不适当的情绪反应等。故设空处应该对这些挑战进行总结概括。F选项“Being a highly sensitive persn can cme with many challenges.(作为一个高度敏感的人会面临许多挑战。)” 对前文内容的总结，符合语境。故选F。
32．根据前文“HSPs have strng self-cnsciusness; they may struggle t adapt t new circumstances, demnstrate seemingly inapprpriate emtinal respnses in scial situatins, and easily becme uncmfrtable in respnse t light, sund r certain physical sensatins. (高敏感人群自我意识强;他们可能难以适应新环境，在社交场合表现出看似不恰当的情绪反应，并且很容易对光线、声音或某些身体感觉做出不舒服的反应。)”可知，HSP人群面临着诸多挑战。B选项“That’s where the need t be insensitive cmes frm.( 这就是需要不敏感性的原因所在)”与前文关于HSP面临的挑战相呼应，指出“不敏感性”是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，同时引出了下文对不敏感性的讨论。故选B。
33．根据前文“The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) pwer”. Usually, peple assciate “insensitivity” with smething bad, but insensitivity des nt equal dullness. (不敏感的力量可以解释为“迟钝的力量”。通常，人们把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起，但不敏感并不等于迟钝。)”可知，此处提到不敏感性被视为一种“迟钝的力量”，人们通常把“不敏感”和不好的事情联系在一起。而“迟钝的力量”即不敏感性是解决HSP人群面临挑战的措施，因此后文应该对其真正的含义进行解释。C选项“It emphasizes determinatin when it cmes t difficulties.(当遇到困难时，它强调决心)”强调当遇到困难时，“不敏感性”强调的是决心，与后文的“That is, calmly facing the setbacks and dwntime in life and firmly mving twards ne’s wn directin. (就是坦然面对生活中的挫折和停歇，坚定地朝着自己的方向前进。)”在面对生活中的挫折和低谷时，能够冷静地面对并坚定地走向自己的方向相呼应。C选项中的it指代前文的The pwer f insensitivity，与前后文形成呼应，符合语境。故选C。
34．根据后文“ One f the imprtant reasns is that behind insensitivity is strng self-awareness r self-cnfidence. (一个重要的原因是，不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。)”可知，此处强调不敏感的背后是强烈的自我意识或自信。G选项“Why can insensitivity allw a persn t better adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment?( 为什么不敏感性可以让一个人在竞争环境中更好地适应？)”是一个引导句，引出了下文对“不敏感性”在竞争环境中的作用的讨论。后文提到了不敏感性背后的原因之一是强大的自我意识或自信，这与G选项中的问题相呼应。故选G。
35．根据前文“Additinally, set clear bundaries. (另外，设定清晰的界限。)”可知，此处强调与他人设定清晰的界限。D选项“Avid fcusing t much n what thers are ding r thinking.( 避免过分关注别人在做什么或想什么)”与前文提到的“设置明确的界限”相呼应。这里建议人们不要过于关注他人的事务，设置界限以保护自己免受外界压力的影响。这与D选项中的建议相符。故选D。
（23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If yu are asked t describe yur relatinship with yur phne, what wuld yu say? 36 Fr thse f us wh use digital technlgy with regularity, we will unavidably think we have verdne it.
But are we really addicted t ur screens? Fr the vast majrity f users, the answer is n because there’s n frmal set f criteria fr digital addictin. 37 This test was given t arund 800 peple, using criteria previusly adpted in many ther studies. The team fund that 69% f the participants culd be diagnsed with an addictin t spending time with their friends.
38 Instead, the team was shwing hw easy it is t create what appears t be a data-driven measure f an addictive behavir, which actually is a nrmal part f everyday life. The idea f being addicted t ffline friendships is ridiculus, but that is what is happening in the digital technlgy research literature. We are stuck with researchers cmbining peple’s enjyment f an activity with the idea that it has the ptential t becme addictive. 39
It is true that we can develp bad relatinships with the technlgy we use, but an emerging line f research says we need t view ur relatinships with digital technlgy in terms f habits, nt in terms f prblematic use. 40 Whether they have psitive r negative effects n ur well-being depends nt just n the type f habit, but n the cntext in which it ccurs, hw frequently it ccurs and what ther factrs might be cntributing t it. Thinking abut ur technlgy use in terms f habit ffers us a much wider range f ptins. Rather than getting rid f technlgy altgether, we can seek ur digital experience that prmte psitive effects while minimizing negative impacts.
A．Many f us are likely t develp bad habits.
B．Habits, like checking ur phnes, are neutral.
C．Fr many, the wrd “addicted” wuld spring t mind.
D．This leads ultimately t the belief that the activity is naturally bad.
E．Obviusly, the aim wasn’t t fuel a new mral panic abut scializing.
F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shws psitive effects f digital use.
G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques t d an ffline-friend addictin questinnaire.
【答案】36．C 37．G 38．E 39．D 40．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了我们与手机等数字技术的关系。
36．根据上文“If yu are asked t describe yur relatinship with yur phne, what wuld yu say?(如果让你描述一下你和手机的关系，你会怎么说？)”和下文“Fr thse f us wh use digital technlgy with regularity, we will unavidably think we have verdne it.(对于我们这些经常使用数字技术的人来说，我们不可避免地会认为我们过度使用了)”可知，对于上文问题的回答应该是上瘾，C项中的“addicted”和下文中的“verdne”对应。C项：Fr many, the wrd “addicted” wuld spring t mind.(对许多人来说，“上瘾”这个词会跃入脑海)符合语境。故选C。
37．根据上文“But are we really addicted t ur screens? Fr the vast majrity f users, the answer is n because there’s n frmal set f criteria fr digital addictin.(但我们真的对屏幕上瘾了吗？对于绝大多数用户来说，答案是否定的，因为目前还没有关于数字成瘾的正式标准)”和下文“This test was given t arund 800 peple, using criteria previusly adpted in many ther studies.(这项测试对大约800人进行了测试，使用了许多其他研究中采用的标准)”可知，空处提到了一项测试，解释说明上文提出的观点。G项：Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques t d an ffline-friend addictin questinnaire.(早在2020年，一个团队就使用标准技术做了一份离线朋友成瘾调查问卷)符合语境。故选G。
38．根据上文“The team fund that 69% f the participants culd be diagnsed with an addictin t spending time with their friends.(研究小组发现，69%的参与者可能被诊断为与朋友共度时光成瘾)”可知，研究团队发现69%的参与者可以被诊断为过度沉迷于与朋友相处的时间，但这里并不是要引发对社交的新道德恐慌。E项：Obviusly, the aim wasn’t t fuel a new mral panic abut scializing.(很明显，这样做的目的并不是要在社交方面引发新的道德恐慌)正好解释了这一点，它表明这项研究的真正目的并不是要制造恐慌，而是有其他更深的含义或目的，符合语境。故选E。
39．根据上文“We are stuck with researchers cmbining peple’s enjyment f an activity with the idea that it has the ptential t becme addictive.(研究人员将人们对一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法结合起来，这让我们陷入了困境)”可知，上文提到研究人员提出的一项活动的享受与它有可能上瘾的想法，对于我们的认知产生了不好的影响，空处承接上文，指出后果。D项：This leads ultimately t the belief that the activity is naturally bad.(这最终导致人们相信这种活动自然是不好的)符合语境。故选D。
40．根据上文“It is true that we can develp bad relatinships with the technlgy we use, but an emerging line f research says we need t view ur relatinships with digital technlgy in terms f habits, nt in terms f prblematic use.(的确，我们可以与我们所使用的技术建立不好的关系，但一项新的研究表明，我们需要从习惯的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系，而不是从有问题的使用角度)”和下文“Whether they have psitive r negative effects n ur well-being depends nt just n the type f habit, but n the cntext in which it ccurs, hw frequently it ccurs and what ther factrs might be cntributing t it.(它们对我们的幸福感有积极还是消极的影响，这不仅取决于习惯的类型，还取决于它发生的背景，发生的频率以及其他可能导致它的因素)”可知，上文提到我们应该以习惯而不是问题使用的角度来看待我们与数字技术的关系。下文进一步解释了习惯对我们福祉的影响取决于多种因素。B项：Habits, like checking ur phnes, are neutral.(像看手机这样的习惯是中性的)强调了习惯的中立性，并引出了后文对习惯影响的详细讨论，符合语境。故选B。
（23-24高三上·北京东城·期末）The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. 41 Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
42 That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. 43 And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
44 Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. 45 And ur gustatry (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A．Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B．These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C．We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D．It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E．Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F．Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G．After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
【答案】41．E 42．A 43．G 44．B 45．D
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍舒适食物的科学。
41．根据上文“Certain fds always give us much pleasure. (某些食物总是给我们带来很多快乐。)”可知，这里提到某些食物给我们带来了快乐，接下来可以解释它的原因。选项E“它们的味道和营养成分会影响我们的感受。”和上文意思一致。故选E。
42．根据下文“That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d. (这就是为什么我们的大脑会通过释放一种增强情绪的化学物质来奖励我们吃任何东西。但任何吃过苹果派的人都知道，甜食会让我们感觉特别好。一项研究发现，与对甜味不太敏感的人相比，对甜味特别敏感的人对含糖食物的大脑奖励反应更强。)”可知，这一段介绍吃东西对我们的好处。选项A“食物对我们的生存至关重要。”和下文意思一致。故选A。
43．根据上文“Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. (然而，有些食物在情感上特别令人满意，原因与它们的味道或营养成分无关。)”可知，这里说明人们对不同的食物有不同的反应。选项G“毕竟，不同的文化有不同的安慰食品。”和上文意思一致。故选G。
44．根据下文“Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache. (有时，当你吃的食物让你想起你想念的亲人时，你可能会感到难过。我们也可能会避免吃那些与糟糕经历有关的食物。我从8岁起就没有吃过农家奶酪，因为这是我胃疼得从床上滚下来之前最后吃的东西。)”可知，这一段介绍的是有的食物会让人想到糟糕的经历，和上一段正好相反。选项B“这些关联也可以反过来。”和下文意思一致。故选B。
45．根据上文“In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. (除了过去的记忆，我们吃食物的环境也很重要。)”可知，这里提到我们吃食物的环境也很重要，接下来要解释重要的原因。选项D“它决定了我们此刻有多喜欢它们。”和上文意思一致。故选D。
（23-24高三上·北京顺义·期末）Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding. 46
The prcess f flw was discvered and cined by the Hungarian-American psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin. 47
One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity. 48 If yur skill level ges beynd the activity, bredm will set in, which will break the state f flw.
49 One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.
Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节). When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general. 50 Thrugh the prcess f flw, a persn chses t fcus n a task and gain a sense f autnmy ver time, bdy, and mind.
Hwever, pushing yurself t find the flw state can backfire. In fact, trying t hard r wndering whether yu are in this state in itself ges against flw. We lse the balance between tensin and skill level if we cncentrate t much n the task.
A．Even the uncertainties f life fall away.
B．Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.
C．Ask yurself if a certain task will fulfill a gal f yurs.
D．Flw can smetimes be viewed as a frerunner fr peak perfrmance.
E．He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.
F．As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.
G．It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.
【答案】46．G 47．E 48．F 49．B 50．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了关于Flw状态的定义、发现者、达到这种状态的关键点、可以帮助达到这种状态的活动以及它在情感调节方面的应用。
46．根据上文内容“Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity—frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding.(心流是一种认知状态，一个人完全沉浸在一种活动中——从绘画、写作到瑜伽和冲浪)”可知，上文主要介绍了心流的概念。选项G“It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.(它包括高度集中注意力、创造性投入以及时间和自我意识的丧失)”是上文内容的自然延续，继续介绍了心流的相关内容。故选G。
47．根据上文内容“In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin.(20世纪60年代，Csikszentmihalyi对创作过程进行了研究，发现当艺术家处于心流状态时，他们会严格地坚持自己的任务，无论饥饿还是疲惫)”可知，上文主要介绍了Csikszentmihalyi的发现，他发现了艺术家处于心流状态时会严格坚持自己的任务。选项E“He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.(他还发现艺术家会强调过程而不是最终结果)”中的“als”延续上文内容，指的是Csikszentmihalyi还发现艺术家会强调过程，与上文内容一致。故选E。
48．根据上文“One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity.(Csikszentmihalyi关于心流的关键观点之一是，一个人需要把自己从舒适区推出来刺激它。因为这是一个动态状态，一个人必须不断调整技能水平、挑战和活动所需的复杂性)”可知，心流是一种动态的状态。选项F“As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.(当你练习一项技能时，你的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而改变)”与上文内容一致，指的是练习技能时，技能的熟练程度会随着心流的感觉而变化。故选F。
49．空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.(一个人可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。我们也可以在许多日常任务和遭遇中获得心流状态体验。然而，看电视和玩电子游戏却不在其中)”可知，我们每个人都可以通过思考运动、舞蹈和绘画等活动来进入心流状态。选项B“Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.(人们可能没有意识到，但是任何人都可以找到心流)”与下文内容一致，指的是每个人都可以进入心流状态。故选B。
50．根据空前内容“Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节) .When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general.(心流也可以成为更好的情绪调节工具。当一个人处于心流状态时，就很少需要对自己或整个世界产生怀疑或焦虑)”指的是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。当一个人处于心流状态时，就不会对世界产生怀疑或焦虑。选项A“Even the uncertainties f life fall away.(甚至生活中的不确定性也消失了)”延续上文内容，指的仍然是心流状态可以帮助我们调节情绪。故选A
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）Studies abut sleep and emplyee behavir typically fcus n varius activities that ccur within the bdy during sleep, and their impact n daytime cgnitin. New research adpts a different methd. 51
The researchers cnducted three studies invlving thusands f dreams recalled by emplyees. The first study asked participants upn awakening t rate the degree f awe (敬畏) and wnder brught by their dreams and t write dwn their biggest wrk prblem. 52 Anther ne they answered was whether they envisined anything gd arising frm the difficult wrk situatin—a measure f resilience, which meant the ability t becme strng and happy again after tughness. Thse wh fund psitive meaning in dreams reprted higher levels f awe. 53
In the secnd study, participants wh recalled a dream likewise reprted its psitive r negative meaning, and then wrte descriptins f the dream and what they tk t be its causes and meaning. After wrk they answered questins abut their resilience and prgress n the day’s tasks. 54 The third study tracked similar measures amng emplyees wh participated daily fr tw weeks, and it lked at hw naturally curius each persn was. It fund similar results abut awe and shwed that it raised resilience and prductivity far mre in the naturally curius.
55 Awe can help peple deal mre effectively with challenges and prgress tward gals. “Our research reveals hw awe can be brught abut at a time that has a critical impact n daily wrk utcmes,” the researchers write. “Emplyees culd use dream jurnals and simple practices t ‘guide’ their nighttime visins, thus increasing their dds f having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”
A．A psitive dream brings a sense f sudden insight, giving rise t awe.
B．The increased awe was als prved t be assciated with greater resilience.
C．In fact, dreaming may help imprve prblem-slving skills in daily rutine.
D．Here, t, gd dreams bsted awe and resilience, fueling prgress n wrk gals.
E．Researchers acknwledge that dreams may invlve cntent related t waking experiences.
F．It finds that remembering a gd dream can help peple make prgress in the day’s tasks.
G．They then answered the questin abut whether they thught the dream was psitive r negative.
【答案】51．F 52．G 53．B 54．D 55．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展，解释了研究开展的经过和发现。
51．根据上文“Studies abut sleep and emplyee behavir typically fcus n varius activities that ccur within the bdy during sleep, and their impact n daytime cgnitin. New research adpts a different methd.(关于睡眠和员工行为的研究通常集中在睡眠期间身体内发生的各种活动，以及它们对白天认知的影响。新的研究采用了不同的方法)”可知，本句为过渡句，呈上说明新的研究的不同之处，同时启示后文研究的具体发现。故F选项“研究发现，记住一个好梦可以帮助人们在一天的工作中取得进展”符合语境，故选F。
52．根据上文“The researchers cnducted three studies invlving thusands f dreams recalled by emplyees. The first study asked participants upn awakening t rate the degree f awe (敬畏) and wnder brught by their dreams and t write dwn their biggest wrk prblem.(研究人员进行了三项研究，涉及数千名员工回忆的梦境。第一项研究要求参与者在醒来时对梦境带来的敬畏和惊奇程度进行评分，并写下他们最大的工作问题)”可知，上文提到要求写下最大的工作问题，以及对梦境进行评分，可推测本句继续说明研究的进展，G选项中They 指代上文emplyees。故G选项“然后他们回答了关于他们认为这个梦是积极的还是消极的问题”符合语境，故选G。
53．根据上文“Anther ne they answered was whether they envisined anything gd arising frm the difficult wrk situatin—a measure f resilience, which meant the ability t becme strng and happy again after tughness. Thse wh fund psitive meaning in dreams reprted higher levels f awe.(他们回答的另一个问题是，他们是否设想从困难的工作环境中产生任何好处——这是一种衡量韧性的方法，它意味着在经历磨难后再次变得强大和快乐的能力。那些在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏)”可知，上文提到“在梦中发现积极意义的人报告了更高程度的敬畏”，本句为本段最后一句，故承接上文，说明增强的敬畏感的作用。故B选项“增强的敬畏感也被证明与更强的适应力有关”符合语境，故选B。
54．根据上文“In the secnd study, participants wh recalled a dream likewise reprted its psitive r negative meaning, and then wrte descriptins f the dream and what they tk t be its causes and meaning. After wrk they answered questins abut their resilience and prgress n the day’s tasks.(在第二项研究中，回忆梦境的参与者同样报告了梦境的积极或消极意义，然后写下对梦境的描述，以及他们认为梦境的原因和意义。下班后，他们回答了关于他们的适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题)”以及后文“The third study tracked similar measures amng emplyees wh participated daily fr tw weeks, and it lked at hw naturally curius each persn was. It fund similar results abut awe and shwed that it raised resilience and prductivity far mre in the naturally curius.(第三项研究对每天参与的员工进行了为期两周的跟踪调查，观察每个人天生的好奇心有多强。研究发现，敬畏也有类似的结果，并表明，在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力)”可知，上文提到回答关于适应能力和完成一天任务的进度的问题，且后文提到了第三项研究有相似的结果，指出在天生好奇的人身上，敬畏更能提高适应力和生产力，推测本句与做梦与增强个人能力相关，故D选项“在这里，好梦也能增强敬畏和韧性，促进工作目标的实现”符合语境，故选D。
55．根据后文“Awe can help peple deal mre effectively with challenges and prgress tward gals. “Our research reveals hw awe can be brught abut at a time that has a critical impact n daily wrk utcmes,” the researchers write. “Emplyees culd use dream jurnals and simple practices t ‘guide’ their nighttime visins, thus increasing their dds f having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”(敬畏可以帮助人们更有效地应对挑战，朝着目标前进。研究人员写道:“我们的研究揭示了敬畏是如何在对日常工作结果产生关键影响的时候产生的。员工可以用梦境日记和简单的练习来‘引导’他们的夜间梦境，从而增加他们做有意义的、令人敬畏的梦的几率。”)”可知，后文解释了敬畏的作用，以及建议练习梦境，本句为本段首句，主要引出产生敬畏的来源是积极的梦境。故A选项“一个积极的梦带来一种突然的洞察力，产生敬畏”符合语境，故选A。
（2024·北京东城·二模）Scrates, Galile, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in cmmn? They all practiced deliberate dubt and used it as a tl t imprve their thinking and generate creative ideas.
56 It is abut suspending ur certainty and letting g f ur precnceived (先入为主的) ntins in rder t explre new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain f smething, we tend t stp lking fr alternative explanatins r pssibilities. 57 Dubt can, f curse, be unsettling, but it can als result in a greater understanding f a subject and inspire fresh thughts and insights.
58 But it desn’t mean we shuld use it all the time. While deliberate dubt can be a valuable tl fr generating creative ideas and explring cmplex prblems, it can als be cunterprductive if it is nt practiced in the right way.
It’s imprtant t keep in mind that deliberate dubt is nt cnstant dubt. If we’re cntinuusly dubting ur wn ideas, we’ll be less likely t pursue them and see them thrugh t cmpletin. 59 We spend s much time dubting everything and end up nt ding anything.
60 We can becme self-critical and unsure f ur abilities, which can undermine ur self-esteem. As a result, we may be t afraid t try new things r take risks.
T avid these traps, it’s imprtant t strike a balance between dubt and certainty, and t use dubt as a tl t stimulate creative thinking and explratin, rather than as a means f undermining urselves r thers.
A．Deliberate dubt can als lead t a lack f cnfidence.
B．But when we dubt, we’re frced t cnsider ther perspectives.
C．In this case, deliberate dubt can prevent us frm making decisins.
D．When practiced all the time, deliberate dubt can lead t a different belief.
E．By turning dubt int a deliberate prcess, we pen urselves t new pssibilities.
F．Deliberate dubt is the practice f actively questining ur beliefs and assumptins.
G．Deliberate dubt can help us t develp a mre pen-minded apprach t the wrld.
【答案】56．F 57．B 58．G 59．C 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了刻意怀疑的积极作用和消极作用。
56．根据下文“It is abut suspending ur certainty and letting g f ur precnceived (先入为主的) ntins in rder t explre new ideas and perspectives.”（它是关于暂停我们的确定性，放弃我们先入为主的观念，以探索新的想法和观点。）可知，下文是对上文“刻意怀疑”定义的具体解释。故F选项“刻意怀疑是积极质疑我们的信念和假设的行为。”切题。故选F项。
57．根据上文“When we’re certain f smething, we tend t stp lking fr alternative explanatins r pssibilities.”（当我们确定某事时，我们倾向于停止寻找其他解释或可能性）可知，选项与上文为转折关系且说明怀疑时的做法。故B选项“但当我们怀疑时，我们被迫考虑其他观点。”切题。故选B项。
58．根据下文“While deliberate dubt can be a valuable tl fr generating creative ideas and explring cmplex prblems, it can als be cunterprductive if it is nt practiced in the right way.”（虽然刻意怀疑可以成为产生创造性想法和探索复杂问题的宝贵工具，但如果不以正确的方式进行怀疑，也可能适得其反。）可知，选项承接下文说明的是刻意怀疑的作用。故G选项“刻意怀疑可以帮助我们以更开放的态度看待世界。”切题。故选G项。
59．根据上文“If we’re cntinuusly dubting ur wn ideas, we’ll be less likely t pursue them and see them thrugh t cmpletin.”（如果我们一直怀疑自己的想法，我们就不太可能去追求它们，把它们完成。）可知，选项承接上文都在说明刻意怀疑的阻碍作用。故C选项“在这种情况下，刻意怀疑可以阻止我们做出决定。”切题。故选C项。
60．根据下文“We can becme self-critical and unsure f ur abilities, which can undermine ur self-esteem. As a result, we may be t afraid t try new things r take risks.”（我们会变得自我批评，不确定自己的能力，这会损害我们的自尊。因此，我们可能太害怕尝试新事物或承担风险。）可知，本段在说刻意怀疑对自信产生不良的影响。故A选项“刻意的怀疑也会导致缺乏自信。”切题。故选A项。
（2024·北京西城·二模）Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 61 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 62 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 63
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 64 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
65 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
A．If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
B．They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
C．If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
D．They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
E．Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
F．Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
G．Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
【答案】61．C 62．B 63．D 64．E 65．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一本关于如何更好地写作的书。
61．上文“D yu check yur text messages befre sending?(你发短信前检查过吗？)”提出一个问题：你发短信前检查过吗？结合下文“If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.(如果不，你可能更喜欢快速完成任务，即使它们并不完美)”可知，空处是描述肯定的情况，C项“如果你检查，你可能喜欢把最简单的信息变得完美”符合语境，故选C。
62．上文“Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts.(人们每天都会收到很多信息，从电子邮件到短信)”提到，人们每天都会收到很多信息，结合下文“Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.(几乎每个人每天都会多次决定要读什么、略读什么或忽略什么)”可知，人们会对社交媒体平台收到的很多信息感到困惑，B项“他们也会对社交媒体平台感到困惑”符合语境，故选B。
63．根据上文“Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%).(例如，他们给数千名学校董事会成员发了一封电子邮件，要求他们参加一项调查。他们把邮件缩短了，从127个单词缩短到49个单词，得到了两倍的回复(从2.7%增加到4.8%))”可知，缩短邮件得到了两倍的回复，D项“他们发现，较长的信息会让人们认为完成任务需要更长的时间”对上文进一步阐释，故选D。
64．根据上文“It’s nt just abut wrd cunt.(这不仅仅是字数的问题)”和下文“Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect.(减少选项的数量也有同样的效果)”可知，本段是描述缩短邮件得到更多回复的原因，E项“将信息集中在一个想法上，或者尽可能少，有助于确保它们被阅读、记住并采取行动”符合语境，故选E。
65．空处是段首主题句，根据下文“It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.(快速发送信息并寄希望于最好的结果可能是诱人的。但是花时间为读者写作是有好处的。如果你发送了一条匆忙的信息，而读者却忽略了它，那就好像你根本没有发送它一样)”可知，本段是说要花点时间写信息，匆忙的信息得不到好的效果，A项“如果每个人都是忙碌的读者，那么每个人也都是忙碌的作家”适合作为本段主题句，故选A。
（2024·北京通州·模拟预测）Befre yu head ut t a fun event where there will be many peple, yu shuld be aware f the dangers f a crwd crush (拥挤的人群), whse pssibility adds up during the festivals r n sme celebrating ccasins.
Thugh the risk f crwd crush is rare, it can be deadly when it happens. Crwd crush ccurs when many peple are packed tgether and begin t fall ver ne anther. In the past, such instances have caused hrrible injury and even death. 66
Befre attending a crwded event, lk up a map f the venue. 67 Once yu arrive, chsing the right spt can be crucial. Avid the middle r frnt; instead, pick the back r edges f a crwd. It s als imprtant t trust yur feelings. Stay aware t see if yu feel packed in at any pint. The mre crwded the event becmes, the sner yu may need t mve t a safe place.
68 The mst imprtant thing yu can d is stay n yur feet. T d this, spread yur feet apart and bend yur knees a little. Als make sure t mve with the flw f the crwd. Trying t mve against a crwd f peple will nly end in disaster.
Helping thers is anther great way t keep everyne safe. Once ne persn falls dwn, mre peple tend t fall ver them. 69
A cmmn cause f death in a crwd crush isn’t being crushed but rather lsing air. It’s best t hld ut yur arms in frnt f yur chest. 70 It als prtects yur chest and lungs frm being crushed n the grund shuld yu fall.
There is usually fun where the crwds are, s enjy yurself. But meanwhile, it is als imprtant t remember t stay alert and take care f yur family members when yu sense the smell f danger.
A．If yu d end up in a crush, here’s hw yu can stay safe.
B．This allws space between yu and the persn in frnt f yu.
C．S if yur neighbr in the crwd falls t the grund, help them up.
D．Seeking fr a safer place takes sme time and is smetimes challenging.
E．T avid such an utcme, it’s best t escape the crush befre it happens.
F．The shrtage f air means less xygen, which will lead t serius cnsequences.
G．This will give yu an idea f the surrundings—pay special attentin t any exits.
【答案】66．E 67．G 68．A 69．C 70．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述如何在拥挤的人群中保持安全。
66．上文“In the past, such instances have caused hrrible injury and even death. (在过去，这类事件已经造成了可怕的伤害，甚至是死亡。)”因此，我们需要避免这类事故，故E选项“为了避免这样的结果，最好在挤压发生之前逃离它”表明下文引出如何避免这些事故，保证安全。故选E。
67．上文“Befre attending a crwded event, lk up a map f the venue.(在参加拥挤的活动之前，先查一下场地的地图)”说明要先查阅地图，故G选项“这将让你了解周围的环境——特别注意任何出口。”说明查阅地图的目的，符合题意。故选G。
68．根据下文“Als make sure t mve with the flw f the crwd. (也要确保随着人群的流动而移动。)”可知，此段主要讲的是如何在人群中保持安全，观察前后段的句子结构可知，此段用的也是总分结构，故开头句应该概括本段主旨，故A选项“如果你最后陷入人潮，以下是你保持安全的方法。”符合题意。故选A。
69．上文“Helping thers is anther great way t keep everyne safe. Once ne persn falls dwn, mre peple tend t fall ver them.(帮助他人是另一个保护所有人安全的好方法。一旦一个人摔倒了，更多的人就会摔倒。)”可知，本段讲的是帮助他人可以使所有人保持安全，故C选项“所以，如果你在人群中的邻居倒在地上，帮助他们站起来。”符合题意。故选C。
70．根据上文“It’s best t hld ut yur arms in frnt f yur chest.(最好把胳膊放在胸前。)”可知，这样做可以增加你和前面的人的空间，不会因为挨的太近失去空气，窒息而死。故B选项“这让你和你面前的人之间留出了空间。”表明这样做的益处，符合题意。故选B。
（2024·北京大兴·三模）The nly wrds yu need t say after receiving a cmpliment (赞美) are “thank yu”. But yu knw that's easier said than dne.
There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments. 71 It's a three step prcess. First, believe what peple tell yu. If yu're still having a hard time taking the cmpliment, duble check. And if it's still hard t accept then yu'll have t check yurself.
72 Fr example, if yu're six feet tall and I say, “Ww, yu're tall! ” I'm being hnest. I'm five ft nine, s plenty f peple are tall cmpared t me. I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. Just like if I say City f Gd is a great mvie, I'm nt saying yu have t think it's a great mvie.
Yu have t listen carefully t cmpliments. It's nt always bvius if yu're being cmplimented fr smething nly thers can bserve. If yu are five ft six inches tall, and weigh seventy punds, I wuld say yu are slim. But if yu are cmparing yurself t smene wh is shrter, and weighs five punds less than yu, yu might call yurself plump. In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. 73
If yu're still struggling t accept a cmpliment, yu dn't just have t take smene at their wrd. It can be hard t accept an pinin when it's the ppsite f yurs, s call in reinfrcements. Ask smene else what they think. 74 Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh.
75 If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.
A．They will be the tie breaker.
B．Yu can check with smene else instead.
C．The causes are cmplicated but the path t accepting cmpliments is simpler.
D．Hw hnest are yu with yur friends and family when they ask fr yur pinin?
E．When smene is trying t pay yu a cmpliment, they are speaking subjectively.
F．When smene pays yu a cmpliment, they are speaking abut smething that is bservable.
G．Similarly, when I call yu smart r funny, I'm cmmenting based n my definitin f smart r funny, that's hw I see yu.
【答案】71．C 72．E 73．F 74．A 75．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，短文介绍了很难接受赞美的原因有很多。原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单。短文介绍了三个接受赞美途径的方法。
71．根据上文“There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments.”（你很难接受赞美的原因有很多）以及下文“It's a three step prcess.”（这需要三个步骤）可知，选项承上启下。reasns呼应causes。the path呼应three step prcess。故C选项“原因很复杂，但接受赞美的途径更简单”切题。故选C项。
72．根据下文“I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. ”（我主观地表示，从我较矮的角度来看，你很高。我并不是说每个人都会同意我的观点）可知，对你的赞扬是出于主观的看法。故E选项“当有人试图赞美你时，他们是在主观地说”切题，为本段的主旨句。故选E项。
73．根据上文“In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. ”（在这个极端的例子中，外部视角比内部视角更准确）可知，选项承接上文说明赞美来自外部视角。故F选项“当有人称赞你时，他们说的是可以观察到的事情”切题。故选F项。
74．根据上文“Ask smene else what they think.”（问问别人的想法）以及下文“Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh. ”（如果两个不够的话，你可以再问两个、三个或四个人）可知，选项承接上下文说明别人会帮助你做出正确的判断。故A选项“他们将是是否相信的关键”切题。故选A项。
75．根据下文“If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.”（如果你在自己的观点上误导或欺骗别人，那么你很难相信别人的赞美是真诚的也就不足为奇了。对周围的人更诚实，你会发现更容易相信别人对你的评价。）可知，本段与诚实话题有关。故D选项“当你的朋友和家人征求你的意见时，你对他们有多诚实？”切题。故选D项。
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a prblem. 76 But shyness blcks sme peple frm being as cmfrtable r sciable as they’d like t be. Sme peple want t feel less shy s they can have mre fun scializing and being themselves arund thers. Here are sme tips fr vercming shy feelings.
77
Practice scial behavirs like eye cntact, cnfident bdy language, intrductins, small talk, asking questins, and invitatins with the peple yu feel mst cmfrtable arund. Smile. Build yur cnfidence this way. Then branch ut t d this with new friends, t.
Think f sme cnversatin starters.
Often, the hardest part f talking t smene new is getting started. Think f cnversatin peners, like intrducing yurself, giving a cmpliment, r asking a questin. 78
Give yurself a chance.
Give yurself a chance t practice scializing with new peple, and get t knw them slwly. Peple wh are shy ften wrry abut failing r hw thers will judge them. 79 If self-criticism plays a rle fr yu, ask yurself whether yu’d be this critical f yur best friend. Chances are yu’d be much mre accepting. S treat yurself like yur wn best friend. Encurage yurself instead f expecting t fail.
Develp yur cnfidence.
Because shy peple can be verly cncerned with ther peple’s reactins, they dn’t want t rck the bat. It can mean they are less likely t be cnfident. Being cnfident means speaking up fr yurself when yu shuld, asking fr what yu want r need, r telling ther peple when they’re stepping n yur tes.
Mst f all, be yurself. It’s OK t try ut different cnversatinal appraches yu see thers using. 80 Being the real yu — and daring t let yurself be nticed — is what attracts friends.
A．But say and d what fits yur style.
B．Write dwn what yu want t say befrehand.
C．Start small with peple yu knw.
D．Wrries and feelings like these can keep yu frm trying.
E．It’s perfectly OK t take time t warm up t new peple and situatins.
F．Find grup activities where yu can be with peple wh share yur interests.
G．Being ready with a cnversatin starter makes it easier t apprach smene.
【答案】76．E 77．C 78．G 79．D 80．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了如何克服害羞情绪的方法，通过提出具体的建议来帮助读者更好地与他人社交。
76．根据前文“Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a prblem.(害羞并不一定是个问题)”可知，E项“It’s perfectly OK t take time t warm up t new peple and situatins.(花点时间来熟悉新朋友和新环境是完全可以的)”是对前句的进一步说明，并和后句“But shyness blcks sme peple frm being as cmfrtable r sciable as they’d like t be.(但是害羞会阻碍一些人像他们想要的那样舒适或社交)”构成转折关系，符合文意。故选E项。
77．分析设空，为本段小标题，根据后文“Practice scial behavirs like eye cntact, cnfident bdy language, intrductins, small talk, asking questins, and invitatins with the peple yu feel mst cmfrtable arund. Smile. Build yur cnfidence this way. Then branch ut t d this with new friends, t.(练习一些社交行为，比如眼神交流、自信的肢体语言、自我介绍、闲聊、问问题、邀请你感觉最舒服的人。微笑。用这种方法建立自信。然后拓展范围，结交新朋友)”可知，本段讲述了从小事做起，并邀请你感觉最舒服的人，所以C项“Start small with peple yu knw.(从小事以及你熟悉的人开始)”符合本段主题，为本段小标题。故选C项。
78．分析设空，位于段尾，是对前文的总结，根据前文“Often, the hardest part f talking t smene new is getting started. Think f cnversatin peners, like intrducing yurself, giving a cmpliment, r asking a questin.(通常，与陌生人交谈最难的部分是开始。想想开场白，比如自我介绍、赞美或问一个问题)”可知，G项“Being ready with a cnversatin starter makes it easier t apprach smene.(准备好开场白会让你更容易接近别人)”是对前文的总结，其中cnversatin starter为同词复现。故选G项。
79．根据前文“Give yurself a chance t practice scializing with new peple, and get t knw them slwly. Peple wh are shy ften wrry abut failing r hw thers will judge them.(给自己一个机会练习与陌生人交往，慢慢了解他们。害羞的人经常担心失败或别人会如何评价他们)”可知，D项“Wrries and feelings like these can keep yu frm trying.(像这样的担忧和感觉会阻止你去尝试)”是对前句的进一步说明，符合文意。故选D项。
80．根据前文“Mst f all, be yurself. It’s OK t try ut different cnversatinal appraches yu see thers using.(最重要的是，做你自己。你可以尝试别人使用的不同的对话方式)”以及后文“Being the real yu—and daring t let yurself be nticed—is what attracts friends.(做真实的自己——敢于让自己被人注意——是吸引朋友的法宝)”可知，本段主要讲述了做真实的自己，所以A项“But say and d what fits yur style.(但是说和做适合你的风格)”和前文构成转折，并引出下文，符合本段主题。故选A项。
（2024·北京丰台·二模）At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy. 81 But are we hardwired (本能的) fr it?
Accrding t Michael Inzlicht, a scial psychlgist at the University f Trnt, we’re lazy and als, we’re nt.
All humans, given equal ptins, will take the easy way ut. Des it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 82 We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt. A study published in the jurnal Neurpsychlgia fund that ur brains may be hardwired fr laziness. Even thugh we knw the benefits f exercise, we stay glued t the cuch.
83 We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (进化的) purpse t it. But that wuld make sense. After all, befre we were able t g t the grcery stre, calries were much mre directly linked t effrt. Every calrie we burned meant mre hunting, fishing, r gathering.
But there are the times when humans are the ppsite f lazy and d very difficult things fr n apparent reasn. Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt. 84 Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht. 85
S, in that sense, effrt is wrth the effrt. While humans are ecnmically aware f effrt mst f the time, “in sme cases, the effrt itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.
A．Think abut things like running a marathn.
B．It’s nt cmpletely clear why humans behave this way.
C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way f laziness.
D．We similarly lve t space ut, ur brain tired f fcusing.
E．But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.
F．Sme peple wh appear t be lazy are suffering frm much mre serius prblems.
G．Likewise, we might get a sense f pleasure r mastery frm ding a crsswrd puzzle.
【答案】81．C 82．E 83．B 84．A 85．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。人类有时是懒惰的，最小化付出的努力，同时最大化努力所得到的回报，但是有时候也会毫无理由地做一些非常困难的事情，比如马拉松和填字游戏。文章对此进行了介绍。
81．根据前文“At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy.(在一天结束的时候，我们大多数人发现自己躺在沙发上，眼睛盯着电视或智能手机，尽我们所能来节省能量。)”可知，此处是指人类在偷懒这方面很有天赋，所以选项C“看来我们人类在懒惰方面是有天赋的。”切合文意。故选C。
82．根据后文“We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt.(我们总是最小化我们的努力，同时最大化我们的努力所得到的回报。)”可知，此处是指我们会使自己的努力最经济，所以选项E“But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.(但这肯定意味着我们的努力是经济的。)”切合文意。故选E。
83．根据后文“We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (进化的) purpse t it.(我们不能确定这是否有进化的目的。)”可知，此处是指目前并不清楚人类为什么会懒惰，所以选项B“目前还不完全清楚为什么人类会有这种行为。”切合文意。故选B。
84．根据后文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。)”和前文“Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt.(有些回报只来自于大量的努力。)”可知，此处是用马拉松来对前文进行举例说明，所以选项A“想想跑马拉松这样的事情。”切合文意。故选A。
85．根据前文“Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht.(跑这么远可能会造成更多的伤害，比如应力性骨折、背部疼痛等等。但我们还是会这样做，因为付出努力会让我们感觉良好，Inzlicht说。)”可知，此处是举出像马拉松这样的类似的例子，所以选项G“同样地，我们可能会从做填字游戏中获得愉悦感或精通感。”切合文意。故选G。
（2024·北京顺义·二模）When fighting sugar dependence, aviding added sugar in the diet is key, which sunds simple — right? It certainly des, but things becme a bit mre cmplicated nce we intrduce alternative sweeteners int the mix.
86 Many peple think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be gd t g, but this isn’t necessarily the case.
Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 87 Fr example, Stevia is a ppular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up t 200 times sweeter than sugar and prvides fewer calries. Mn k fruit is anther example that is free frm calries, sweeter than table sugar, and gained frm the juice f mnk fruit. 88 Sugar alchls prvide fewer calries than regular sugar because they are nt fully absrbed by the bdy.
Nw that we knw sme f the cmmn types f alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive int the prblem with them. Research in animals has shwn that remving calries frm fds that taste sweet can interrupt the ability t cntrl energy intake. 89 If we cnsume high amunts f alternative sweeteners, it may heighten ur preference fr sweetness, resulting in the veruse f sugar-sweetened fds and drinks.
The ther interesting thing abut alternative sweeteners is that ur brains dn’t recgnize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 90 Whenever a fd tastes sweet, a message is sent t the brain that cmmunicates we are tasting a sweet fd — which can further feed int the sugar dependence cycle.
S what d I recmmend? In rder t fully put a definite end t sugar dependence, reducing yur intake f alternative sweeteners shuld be the gal.
A．The taste prfile f alternative sweeteners varies.
B．We can’t frget abut the ever-s-ppular sugar alchls.
C．There are cuntless alternative sweeteners n the market.
D．Our brain senses smething sweet and thinks it is real sugar.
E．They may help reduce the calrie cntent f gd-tasting fds and drinks.
F．Artificial sweeteners may als cause ne’s bdy t prefer sweeter-tasting fds.
G．Alternative sweeteners are referred t as “lw-calrie” r “n-calrie” sweeteners.
【答案】86．G 87．C 88．B 89．F 90．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了在对抗糖依赖时，避免在饮食中添加糖以及替代甜味剂。
86．根据下文“Many peple think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be gd t g, but this isn’t necessarily the case. (许多人认为，如果他们用替代甜味剂代替饮食中的糖，那就很好了，但事实并非如此。)”可知此处讲述了有关替代甜味剂的内容，许多人认为如果他们用替代甜味剂代替饮食中的糖，就很好，所以选项G“替代甜味剂被称为“低热量”或“无热量”甜味剂。”符合语境，故选G。
87．根据上文“Alterative sweeteners are everywhere.(替代甜味剂无处不在。)”结合下文的两个例子“Stevia”和“Mnk fruit”可知此处说明市场上有很多替代甜味剂，所以选项C“市场上有无数的替代甜味剂。”符合语境，故选C。
88．根据上文的两个例子“Stevia”和“Mnk fruit”以及下文“Sugar alchls prvide fewer calries than regular sugar because they are nt fully absrbed by the bdy. (糖醇提供的卡路里比普通糖少，因为它们没有被身体完全吸收。)”可知又给出了一个例子“Sugar alchls”，所以选项B“我们不能忘记一直很受欢迎的糖醇。”符合语境，故选B。
89．根据下文“If we cnsume high amunts f alternative sweeteners, it may heighten ur preference fr sweetness, resulting in the veruse f sugar-sweetened fds and drinks.(如果我们摄入大量的替代甜味剂，它可能会增强我们对甜味的偏好，导致过度使用含糖的食物和饮料。)”可知此处说明人造甜味剂对人体的影响，让你更喜欢甜的食物，摄入更多的糖，所以选项F“人造甜味剂也可能使人的身体更喜欢味道更甜的食物。”符合语境，故选F。
90．根据上文“The ther interesting thing abut alternative sweeteners is that ur brains dn’t recgnize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. (替代甜味剂的另一个有趣之处在于，我们的大脑不会将其识别为“假”糖。)”可知大脑会觉得替代甜味剂是真正的糖，所以选项D“我们的大脑感觉到甜的东西，认为那是真正的糖。”符合语境，故选D。
（2024·北京东城·一模）Tday, what we have, is an always-in-yur-pcket, 24/7 news cycle. When yu pen a news app, yu’ll ntice a brief mment when the “ld news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”. 91 It’s endless, but yu had better keep up.
Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. 92 Thus, while ur attentin can watch hurs f vides, ur lng-term learning prcesses can’t.
93 We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.
In shrt, yur brain is nt as gd as yu think it is. Yu are a human being wh can nly take in s much a day. Understanding the nise bttleneck allws us t fix it. S, here are three tips t get yu ging:
Clear yur cntent-set up a new accunt n scial media and fllw nly accunts r peple that yu think are really valuable.
Single-task — yu dn’t need t rid the phne but d rid the distractins. 94 Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is fr shw; single-tasking is fr prs.
Accept yur limits — yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact. 95 Yu’re getting mre ut f thse few than that “super-prductive” persn n scial media wh says they read five bks a week. After all, it’s better t have a little remembered than a lt frgtten.
A．Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.
B．Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.
C．Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.
D．Breaking thrugh the nise bttleneck is a legendary idea.
E．The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.
F．Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use infrmatin.
G．Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.
【答案】91．C 92．G 93．E 94．A 95．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是如何克服“噪音瓶颈”。
91．空前“In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”.(转眼间，几小时前的古代史被下一条“突发新闻”一扫而光。)”说明旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替，C选项“Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.(每一秒钟，你都会看到新的信息。)”说明每一秒都会有新的信息出现，和空前的“旧的新闻会很快被新的新闻代替”表达的意思相一致，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选C。
92．空前“Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up.(研究人员向这个世界介绍了“噪音瓶颈”这个短语。噪音瓶颈是指我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上。)”解释说明什么是“噪音瓶颈”，空格处应该继续解释这个短语，G选项“Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.(我们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上。)”说明了我们的大脑资源有限，分散在许多功能上，和空前所说的“我们被太多的信息或噪音淹没，以至于我们的认知能力无法跟上”表达意思一致，因此承接上文，因此承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
93．空后“We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.(我们拿着手机看电视，购物时听音乐。然而，人类大脑可能存在根植于认知结构的结构性限制，导致同时执行两项任务时速度变慢。)”说明我们同时干两件事情会导致执行两项任务时速度变慢，说明多任务处理是很糟的，E选项“The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.(由于现代人沉迷于多任务处理，情况变得更糟。)”说明许多人沉迷于多任务，和后文人们拿着手机看电视这种现代人的习惯相承接，因此E选项引起下文，符合语境，故选E。
94．空后“Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.”(你可以说：“我只会在晚饭后看这本杂志。”)”说明这是在给自己一点时间上的限制，A选项“Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.(如果有帮助的话，给自己一个时间限制。)”说明要给自己一点时间限制，因此引起下文，符合语境，故选A。
95．空前“Accept yur limits—yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact.(接受你的局限——你不可能读到所有的新闻。接受你只能选择两三个，并接受这个事实。)”说明要接受自己的局限，也就是不要责怪自己办不到一些事情，B选项“Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.(不要责怪自己没有效率。)”说明了不要责怪自己，和前面的接受自己的局限性表达一致，因此B选项承接上文，符合语境，故选B。
（2024·北京西城·一模）Mst f us are actually terrible at giving gifts. Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S. 96 Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.
Stp trying t make yur gifts s delightful. 97 We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clcks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns ut, recipients ften want things that are far mre practical — things they can actually use.
98 Just give peple what they ask fr. A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal. 99
Hw can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emtinal as we desire? Humans lve t feel cnnected. And ne way we d that is by sharing interests with thers. S if yu want t learn hw t give better gifts, put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby. 100 And because yu picked smething yu share, they will feel mre cnnected t yu and appreciate yur gift mre.
A．S hw d we get less terrible?
B．Surprise is verrated — we’re happier t get what we ask fr.
C．S what's the mst practical gift yu can give that peple might actually be grateful fr?
D．The lng-term pleasure f the receiver may nt be bserved and therefre is discunted.
E．Once yu’ve fund a shared interest, g and find a useful gift related t this interest.
F．What recipients care abut is hw much value they’re ging t get frm the gift ver a lnger time perid.
G．Research has shwn that givers are cnsumed by the mment f unwrapping a gift even mre than the gift itself.
【答案】96．A 97．G 98．C 99．B 100．E
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了三种提高送礼技巧的方法。
96．上文“Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S.(在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回)”提到，在美国，每年大约有价值700亿美元的礼物被退回，下文“Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.(这里有三种方法可以提高你在节日期间送礼物的技巧)”提到有三种方法可以改善上述问题，故A项“那么，我们如何才能不那么糟糕呢？”承上启下，符合语境，故选A。
97．根据下文“We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins.(我们想从给予中获得某些东西：那些快乐的表情。那些惊呼)”可知，此处是描述送礼者的心理，G项“研究表明，送礼者更喜欢拆开礼物那一刻的感觉，而不是礼物本身”符合语境，故选G。
98．根据下文“Just give peple what they ask fr.(送人们他们想要的东西就好)”以及“It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal.(结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够有个性)”可知，送给人们他们想要的东西就好，收到意外的礼物会让人觉得不够体贴，不够有个性，所以本段是说如何送最适合的礼物，C项“那么，你能给别人的最实用的礼物是什么呢？”符合语境，故选C。
99．根据上文“A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal.(一项研究调查了亚马逊的愿望清单，以确定人们是更喜欢清单上的礼物，还是那些完全出乎意料的礼物。结果发现，那些收到不在清单上的礼物的人会认为这些礼物不够体贴、不够私人)”可知，人们收到不在清单上的礼物时会认为这些礼物不够体贴，即人们喜欢收到清单上的礼物，而不是惊喜，B项“‘惊喜’这个因素被高估了——我们更乐于得到我们相要的东西”符合语境，故选B。
100．上文“put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby.(设身处地为收礼者着想，试着想一些你们共同拥有的东西。也许是对一项运动、喝酒或对其他爱好的热爱)”提到，站在收礼物的人的角度去想一些共同的爱好，结合下文“And because yu picked smething yu share(因为你选择了你们共有的东西)”可知，空处是说找到共同的爱好后选择与之相关的礼物，E项“一旦你们找到了共同的兴趣，就去找一份与这个兴趣相关的有用的礼物”符合语境，故选E。