高考英语二轮-阅读理解之七选五（题型专练）（北京高考真题+各区模拟）（学生版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之七选五（题型专练）（北京高考真题+各区模拟）（学生版），共20页。
TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc220948630" I. 考情透视 PAGEREF _Tc220948630 \h 2
\l "_Tc220948631" II.解题技巧 PAGEREF _Tc220948631 \h 2
\l "_Tc220948632" III. 真题汇编 PAGEREF _Tc220948632 \h 3
\l "_Tc220948633" 2025东城期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948633 \h 3
\l "_Tc220948634" 2025西城期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948634 \h 4
\l "_Tc220948635" 2025朝阳期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948635 \h 5
\l "_Tc220948636" 2025海淀期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948636 \h 6
\l "_Tc220948637" 2025丰台期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948637 \h 7
\l "_Tc220948638" 2025石景山期末 PAGEREF _Tc220948638 \h 8
\l "_Tc220948639" 2025东城一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948639 \h 8
\l "_Tc220948640" 2025西城一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948640 \h 9
\l "_Tc220948641" 2025朝阳一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948641 \h 10
\l "_Tc220948642" 2025海淀一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948642 \h 11
\l "_Tc220948643" 2025丰台一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948643 \h 12
\l "_Tc220948644" 2025石景山一模 PAGEREF _Tc220948644 \h 13
\l "_Tc220948645" 2025东城二模 PAGEREF _Tc220948645 \h 14
\l "_Tc220948646" 2025西城二模 PAGEREF _Tc220948646 \h 14
\l "_Tc220948647" 2025朝阳二模 PAGEREF _Tc220948647 \h 15
\l "_Tc220948648" 2025海淀二模 PAGEREF _Tc220948648 \h 16
\l "_Tc220948649" 2025丰台二模 PAGEREF _Tc220948649 \h 17
I. 考情透视
信息还原七选五也叫补全阅读题，常见短文体裁为说明文和议论文，这两种文体结构清晰，层次分明，通常考查主题句概括、过渡句、总结句等。
2020 - 2025年北京卷信息还原（七选五）考点题量统计
命题意图：
一是考查学生的阅读理解能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读文章的过程中，理解文章的主旨大意，把握文章的逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子填入空白处。
二是考查学生的逻辑思维能力：七选五题型要求学生在阅读过程中，运用逻辑思维分析文章的结构和内容，从而推断出正确的句子顺序。
三是考查学生的语言运用能力：七选五题型中的句子往往包含一定的词汇和语法难度，学生需要具备一定的词汇量和语法知识才能正确理解和选择句子。
四是考查学生的答题技巧策略：七选五题型要求学生在有限的时间内，快速地阅读文章，理解文章的主旨大意和逻辑结构，从而准确地选择出符合文章逻辑和语义的句子
II.解题技巧
七选五解题流程与逻辑关系词梳理
步骤1：快速浏览标题、首段以及每段首、尾句
目的：了解文章主旨、段落大意和篇章结构
步骤2：分析选项、找出核心词
快速浏览选项
圈出体现上下文逻辑关系的关键词及句子中的关键词：代词、连词、数词、名词等
步骤3：根据设空处的位置采用不同的技巧
观察设空处的位置
比对选项和设空处前后的关键词和表示逻辑关系的词
把最容易的题先做出来，再逐一还原每个空格
分位置技巧：
设空处在段首（主题句/过渡句）：
①总结段落主题
②阅读设空处前1—2句和后1—2句，锁定关键词
③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落主题
设空处在段中（过渡句/细节句）：
①根据设空处前后的核心词、逻辑关系（并列、递进、因果、转折等）及段落主题判断出正确选项
设空处在段尾（细节句/过渡句/总结句）：
①概括段落大意并比对选项
②阅读设空处附近内容，锁定关键词
③比对选项中的核心词和语义是否符合语境或段落大意
步骤4：验证答案
操作：将选项代入原文，复核还原后的文章在逻辑和内容上是否连贯、一致
表示逻辑关系的词
并列与递进关系：and, als, in the first place, similarly, , furthermre, mrever, what's mre, besides, in additin, nt als...
转折与让步关系：but, hwever, yet, nevertheless, thugh, althugh, despite, in spite f, in any case, at any rate
比较与对比关系：like, , just as, n the cntrary, cnversely, ppsitely, whereas, while
因果关系：because (f), due t, since, wing t, as, nw that, as a result (f), s, therefre, as a cnsequence, cnsequently, thus
例证关系：fr example, fr instance, such as
表示总结：t sum up, in brief, in shrt, in cnclusin, all in all, in a wrd
条件关系：if, unless, as lng as, s lng as, prvided (that), in case, n cnditin that
III. 真题汇编
2025东城期末
While cmpliments (赞扬) may seem simple, they can have a large impact n yu and the peple arund yu, creating a ripple f psitivity. Hwever, giving cmpliments requires skills and knwledge.
Mst cmpliments in ur culture fllw a very predictable pattern. ___35___ Abut tw-thirds f cmpliments in the US are made using just five adjectives: nice gd, beautiful, pretty, and great. In additin, abut 80% f cmpliments fllw three frmats. S if I liked a bk yu wrte and wanted t say smething psitive abut it, my cmpliment wuld prbably fllw ne f these basic patterns: “Yur bk is great,” “I lve yur bk,” r “That is a terrific bk.”
___36___ . Fr example, in 2011 a schlar shwed that wmen in unstructured settings bth give and receive far mre cmpliments than men. Abut three-quarters f wmen’s cmpliments t ther wmen in an unstructured, infrmal setting invlve appearance. In a gal-riented, frmal setting, 68% f praise statements are abut perfrmance. ___37___
Whether the cmpliment is effective depends n whether it is believable, apprpriate, and unqualified. ___38___ If yu tell me my hair lks gd, I will dismiss it and suspect yur mtives, because I have little hair. Mre generally, peple with lw self-esteem dn’t usually receive cmpliments well. As researchers have shwn, in peple with high self-esteem, a cmpliment stimulates parts f the brain respnsible fr self-referential thinking. This ccurs significantly less fr peple wh have lw self-esteem.
Even if a cmpliment agrees with ne’s self-cnceptin, schlars cncluded, it must meet three criteria t be accepted by its bject. ___39___ It must be sincere. And it must ccur in the apprpriate cntext.
A. It must fllw the basic patterns.
B. The praise must cme frm a persn with credibility t give it.
C. What we chse t cmpliment depends n gender differences.
D. A gd cmpliment must nt cnflict with its recipient’s self-cnceptin.
E. If peple have negative view f a persn, they wuld resist his cmpliments.
F. In cntrast, men are mre likely t cmpliment ne anther n perfrmance in all settings.
G. They are generally directed tward anther persn’s appearance, perfrmance, r pssessins.
2025西城期末
What fd d yu lve? What fd d yu hate? If yu ask arund, yu’ll sn see there’s n right r wrng answer—it’s all a questin f taste. ____35____ Rather, scientists have discvered that taste is influenced by ur genes and DNA.
Our scientific understanding f taste began just 25 years ag with the discvery f taste receptrs—cells lcated n the tngue’s surface. ____36____ What tastes sweet t me might taste sur r salty t smene else, and this is because f differences in the receptrs we’re brn with. In ther wrds, taste is partly genetic.
Accrding t Danielle Reed, a researcher at the Mnell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, “When we first started ding genetic studies, we really just limited urselves t lking at a few Eurpeans, peple f Eurpean ancestry. ____37____ We are bradening ur hrizns and studying peple f Asian and African ancestry, and that has really pened up the knwledge that peple are much mre diverse than we ever realized. Taste isn’t a matter f pinin. ____38____”
But if scientists are telling us taste is largely genetic, what abut restaurant critics and wine cnnisseurs—peple whse jb is t tell us what t eat and drink? Are their pinins any better than ur wn? David Kermde, a wine judge fr the Internatinal Wine and Spirits Cmpetitin, admits that while scientists have shwn taste is largely individual and genetic, persnal taste remains subjective. “____39____ But they are encuraged t set thse prejudices aside.”
A. It’s a matter f bilgy.
B. It is actually the number-ne driver fr fd chice.
C. Hwever, individual taste experience is highly subjective.
D. But ur taste, it turns ut, isn’t simply a matter f pinin.
E. Peple all have their wn persnal prejudices in whatever aspect f life they want t g int.
F. And s, ur understanding f the brad diversity f humans n the planet was extremely limited.
G. Fr researchers in scial sciences, taste is a brader cncept related t traditin, gegraphy, culture, as well as scial relatins.
2025朝阳期末
Are yu struggling with lw self-esteem (自尊)? If s, yu may have been tld t repeat phrases such as “I’m a lvable persn”. ___35___ Hwever, when psychlgists tested the effects f such psitive self-talk, they fund “txic psitivity” — the phenmenn that a frced ptimistic interpretatin f ur experiences alngside the bttling up f negative emtins can d real damage.
___36___ Beginning in the industrial revlutin, sciecnmic gals arund prductivity and efficiency cntributed t a culture where emtins, especially paralyzing nes like sadness, were seen as handbrakes t ecnmic utput. If smene was struggling, they were advised t have mre faith rather than encuraged t explre the rt causes. Science als takes sme blame. Histrically, psychlgists didn’t cnsider emtins as justified phenmena t study, s there was little understanding f their significant impact n mental health.
It isn’t surprising that we want t believe things will turn ut better if we have psitive attitude. After all, there is a grwing bdy f research indicating that an ptimistic utlk n life des have benefits, such as prmting physical health, bsting energy, and reducing stress. It als isn’t surprising that we label certain emtins, like anger, guilt, fear, and bitterness, as bad because they d feel unpleasant. ___37___
Nevertheless, it is becming apparent that psitivity has its limits. In 2021, a meta-analysis with mre than 217, 000 participants investigated the link between ptimism, pessimism and mrtality. It fund that an ptimistic utlk was indeed assciated with the lwer risk f death, hwever, bth unrealistic ptimism and pessimism were linked t a higher risk f death. ___38___
Hw can we escape txic psitivity? Susan Davis frm Harvard Medical Schl emphasizes the imprtance f allwing urselves t sit with uncmfrtable emtins. ___39___ The key t managing emtins des nt lie in judging neself fr feeling negative emtins, but simply experiencing them, knwing that they will pass.
A. We need t accept them as a nrmal part f human experience.
B. Our tendency t avid the darker aspects f human experience isn’t new.
C. When we experience them, we can becme cnsumed, disturbed r inactive.
D. Neglecting negative emtins is als fund t be harmful t ur mental health.
E. They urge us t inject a bit f psitive emtin int ur day t gain the benefits.
F Psitive chants like this are set t bst a persn’s md and feelings f self-wrth.
G. We are mre likely t perceive nrmal emtins as mental prblems needing treatment.
2025海淀期末
Imagine yu’ve been wrking fr hurs befre a deadline, but yu feel like yu’re getting nwhere. Yu’re starting t feel really anxius. At this pint, yu might start t blame yurself fr having this emtin. Nw yu have tw emtins: feeling anxius abut getting wrk dne and feeling frustrated that yu are anxius. When the secnd emtin gets layered n tp f the first emtin, yu ften feel wrse and are even less likely t reach yur gals. Yu may nw be wndering if it is pssible t make the secnd emtin less likely. ____35____.
Many peple have heard f “mindfulness”. It is ften assciated with ding a meditatin (冥想) practice, but its essence is t be mre aware and accepting f yur present-mment experience. ____36____ Acceptance can limit judgmental thughts and unhelpful secndary emtins.
Let me explain. Picture yurself in a challenging situatin like the scenari described abve and yu feel anxiety arising. Instead f getting upset at yurself fr having this emtin, yu bring yur awareness t the experience f the emtin and accept it. Yu might feel that this anxiety is nt fun t experience. ____37____ With this attitude f acceptance, and stepping away frm the tendency t fight against the emtin, yu are less likely t get stuck in a lp f judgmental thughts that might trigger mre unwanted emtins.
____38____ But evidence suggests that it wrks. That is prbably because accepting yurselves, including yur emtins, relieves pressure. Yu stp adding fuel t the emtinal fire when yu release judgmental thughts abut yur emtins. ____39____ Fr instance, yu culd turn dwn the vlume n the initial emtin, perhaps by seeing the situatin frm a new perspective r asking smene fr supprt.
A. Thankfully, research suggests that the answer is yes.
B. Yu can’t be prductive even when yu have mre inner space.
C. Then yu may questin if yu are feeling anxius abut getting wrk dne.
D Yet yu knw yu can breathe it thrugh and that it is just a passing emtin.
E. Smetimes the experience includes an unpleasant emtin yu dn’t want t feel.
F. It might sund unreasnable that embracing an unpleasant emtin can be a gd thing.
G. Yu als create mre inner space t determine whether yu can d smething that helps.
2025丰台期末
Hesitatin as intuitin (直觉)
Yu’ve thught abut it. Yu’ve made yur decisin and then.….yu hesitate. Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate. ____35____
Our culture values ding. We’re cnstantly urged t “g fr it.” But what if hesitatin is nt a sign f weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. If yu ntice yurself hesitating, it might mean a part f yu isn’t quite sure. Hesitatin can be the bdy’s way f alerting us t verlked details r cncealed infrmatin that culd be crucial t ur chice.
Since hesitatin can carry such significance, it becmes essential t understand the nature f the signals ur bdies send. Althugh distinguishing between intuitin and fear r anxiety is nt easy, when we cultivate the habit f self-awareness and understand ur fears, we can begin t decipher (辨认) the messages behind ur hesitatin. Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins. ____37____ Therefre, by integrating ur emtins and physical sensatins int the decisin-making prcess, we access a mre cmprehensive understanding.
T make mre infrmed decisins, we can emply specific strategies. One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait. ____38____ Anther interesting way t lk at making a decisin is t walk up t the dr f it. Take actin as if yu had already made the decisin. And befre it’s t late, ntice hw it feels t walk that path. That may give yu mre infrmatin than thinking ever culd.
____39____ By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.
A. It’s easy t miss intuitive signals when we are mving frm thinking minds.
B They wrk within fixed framewrks that might nt match the cmplex reality.
C. While ur minds are undubtedly pwerful, ur bdies als hld a wealth f wisdm.
D. In nature, the key t effective decisin-making lies in seeing hesitatin as a help.
E. Check back in with the decisin yu thught yu made and see if anything differs.
F. Hesitatin means yur intuitin is trying t speak t yu frm deep inner place.
G. This hesitatin is cmmn yet ften verlked in ur decisin-making prcess.
2025石景山期末
Time r Mney?
Wuld yu rather have a higher salary r the freedm t wrk frm anywhere in the wrld? Accrding t a survey, seven ut f ten surveyed readers wuld cnsider accepting a lwer salary fr mre perks (额外收入) and benefits — ne in ten wuld definitely d s. ____35____.
Fr tday’s wrkfrce, especially Gen Zs and millennials (千禧一代), perks extend far beynd the traditinal benefits package. They are putting a lt f fcus n wrk-life balance, career advancement, and the cmpany’s culture and values. Amng all, a flexible wrk arrangement tps the list f thse values. ____36____. The ability t cntrl when and where they wrk nt nly bsts prductivity but als helps prevent burnut. This shift enfrces cmpanies t demnstrate that they value utcmes and results ver rigid schedules. In return, emplyees feel trusted, valued, and empwered, perfrming at their best when given the flexibility t balance their persnal and prfessinal lives.
____37____. Fr wmen, especially wrking mthers, unclear bundaries between hme and wrk can make them feel like they are always wrking, which increases the risk f burnut. Mrever, remte wrk can intensify (增强) the challenges assciated with career advancement, as fewer in-persn interactins can lead t being verlked r sidelined. ____38____. This belief culd negatively affect their chances fr prmtins and leadership pprtunities.
Lking ahead, flexible wrk arrangements are here t stay and will likely cntinue t evlve. ____39____. Organizatins shuld ensure equitable pprtunities cnsistent with flexible wrk mdels, such as ffering persnalized arrangements instead f ne-size-fits-all slutins.
A. This is where cmpany plicies can play a crucial rle.
B. Emplyers invest a lt in creating attractive wrk envirnments.
C. It prvides the independence and freedm yunger emplyees seek.
D. While flexible wrk arrangements ffer benefits, they als have drawbacks.
E. Flexibility and wrk-life balance nw utweigh financial rewards fr many.
F. But what are these perks and hw are cmpanies adapting t meet these expectatins?
G. Furthermre, thse wh prefer flexibility are ften seen as less cmmitted t their careers.
2025东城一模
Vice ntes are a highly divisive medium f cmmunicatin. There are thse, like me, wh enjy bth leaving and listening t them; and then there are thse wh dislike them and feel very strngly abut that. 35 A pll fund that 62%f Americans have sent vice ntes, and abut 30%cmmunicate this way n a regular basis. But even the vice nte lvers amng us have ur limits. All f us knw a vice nte bre. And it is time t establish sme grund rules.
The first rule :nly ever leave vice ntes fr smene that yu are cnfident likes yu. 36 It is als smewhat self-indulgent(我行我素). While a spt f self-indulgence can be healthy, it is unreasnable t expect smene wh dislikes yu t indulge yu.
Never give cmplicated instructins in a vice nte. 37 If yu end up leaving a lng vice nte that cntains a mixture f key infrmatin and ther bits, fllw it up with a text that gives the ther persn the imprtant stuff, s they're nt frced t listen straight away.
38 Leaving a vice nte that is under 10 secnds lng—unless yu are funny r the ther persn likes yu—is annying. Type it ut instead.
Fllw the ther persn's cues. If they are respnding t yur eight-minute specials with ne-minute vice messages, take the hint. Als, if yur message is lnger than abut fur minutes, yu shuld be pen t the pssibility that the ther persn is ging t take a lng time t listen and respnd. If yur message is upwards f 10 minutes, they might never listen t it. 39
All yu need d, really, is remember t use a bit f cmmn sense. Mdern innvatins need nt negate gd ld-fashined manners.
A. Be at peace with that.
B. Be respnsive and infrmative.
C. Yu need nt keep yur messages t shrt.
D. It seems the haters are lsing the battle, thugh.
E. A vice nte is a demand n smene else's time.
F. It suggests limiting vice ntes t less than tw minutes.
G. These shuld be typed ut s the ther persn can refer back.
2025西城一模
Live perfrmances are ften described as raw, emtinal, and immersive, while studi recrdings are plished and carefully prduced. 35
One f the mst ntable differences with live music is the energy. A live perfrmance brings an atmsphere that cannt be recreated in a studi. When musicians perfrm live, they cnnect directly with their audience. The cheers, clapping, and excitement frm the crwd create a feedback lp (循环) that can enhance the perfrmance. This shared energy makes each live cncert unique and persnal fr everyne there. EQ \L( 36 ) Whether it’s a small, intimate venue r a massive stadium, the space influences hw yu experience the music. Live music is mre than just smething yu hear; it’s smething yu feel.
Anther key aspect f live music is its unpredictability. N tw perfrmances are ever the same. Musicians might imprvise (即兴演奏), change the arrangement f a sng, r even interact with the audience in ways that feel spntaneus and genuine. EQ \L( 37 ) In a live setting, imperfectins can make the music feel mre real. A slight mistake r an unexpected variatin in a sng reminds yu that what yu’re witnessing is unique. It’s a reminder that music isn’t just abut technical perfectin—it’s abut emtin and expressin.
Live music creates a special kind f cnnectin between perfrmers and listeners. Seeing musicians perfrm in real time allws yu t witness their passin and energy firsthand. 38 Fr many peple, live music is abut mre than just the sngs. It’s abut being part f a shared experience, which can make the music feel mre pwerful and memrable.
39 While recrdings ffer a plished, cnsistent way t enjy music, live perfrmances bring energy, authenticity (真实性), and emtinal cnnectin. Bth frms f music have their place, and many peple enjy a mix f the tw.
A. Live music and studi recrdings each have their wn strengths.
B. The physical envirnment als plays a significant rle in creating this energy.
C. Studi recrdings ften rely n advanced technlgy t perfect the sund quality.
D. These mments f authenticity add an extra layer f excitement t the experience.
E. This cntrast isn’t just abut hw the music sunds but als abut hw it feels t experience it.
F. This desn’t mean studi recrdings are less valuable—they ffer a different way t enjy music.
G. The physical presence f the artist, their expressins, and hw they interact with the crwd all cntribute t this emtinal cnnectin.
2025朝阳一模
When I think f my friends, I am mstly filled with lve and warmth: I simply can’t wait t see them again fr their affectin and supprt. 35 In the right md, these individuals can deliver a fun-filled evening, but at the wrng mment, they can drain (耗尽) all my gdwill.
If this sunds familiar, then yu t have frenemies, wh psychlgists call “ambivalent relatinships”. These lve-hate relatinships culd include a friend, a parent, a clleague r even a husband r wife. Their ambivalence can cme in many frms. 36 It culd be a partner lve-bmbing yu ne day, but fiercely critical the next, leaving yu unsure abut their true feelings.
37 At the very least, yu wuld expect them t be better fr us than ur aversive (令人厌恶的) relatinships. Unfrtunately, research suggests things aren’t s simple. A team at the University f Utah asked peple t take a reactin-time test and they fund that rapidly flashing the name f an ambivalent cnnectin n a screen intensified stress respnse f participants. Anther study at Brigham Yung University fund that simply knwing an ambivalent cnnectin was nearby as participants prepared t give a speech was enugh t send their bld pressure rcketing. 38
Cutting ties with ur ambivalent cnnectins isn’t always pssible r desirable if they are deeply mixed int ur scial netwrk. S, what can be dne? Simply being aware f the ambivalent nature f a relatinship might ffer sme prtectin. We can manage ur expectatins and mentally prepare urselves fr the mixed feelings when interacting with frenemies. 39 As imprtantly, be a little mre mindful f any interactins with all ur ties. Shw thers the appreciatin and respect we feel fr them, fr accidental neglect culd be taken as a sign f indifference.
A. It might be a friend wh is ften unavailable when yu need his supprt.
B. We might hpe that in such relatinships, the gd wuld utweigh the bad.
C. In fact, even uncnscius reminders f a frenemy can break ur peace f mind.
D. This allws us t fcus n their gd qualities and shw empathy fr the unpleasant nes.
E. If yu feel smene t negative a presence in yur life, yu may decide t cut ff cntact.
F. A handful, hwever, stimulate quite different emtins—a mixture f eagerness and anxiety.
G. After all, the benefits f scial cnnectin cme frm feeling well understd and supprted.
2025海淀一模
When yu spend time with clse friends, hw d yu feel? Yu may feel like yu belng. Accrding t the Oxfrd dictinary, belnging is defined as a “deep sense f acceptance, inclusin, and identificatin within a grup, place, r cntext.” 35
Since the beginning f human evlutin, peple have cnnected with thers in rder t survive. This desire t frm and grw relatinships is rted in the human brain. 36 In 1943, Abraham Maslw was the first psychlgist t write abut belnging as a human need. His thery, the Hierarchy(等级) f Needs, states that humans must acquire their basic needs, such as physilgical (生理上的) needs and needs related t safety, befre they can begin fulfilling ther higher, mre cmplex needs, like belnging r develping self-esteem.
Anther grundbreaking research abut belnging emerged in 1995.Mark Leary and Ry Baumeister fund that humans have a universal drive t belng, which mtivates their thughts and actins. In fact, this drive is s imprtant that they argued it was a fundamental human need—nt a secndary need in a hierarchy. Their later research explred the cnnectin between self-esteem and belnging. Accrding t their research, self-esteem is nt just abut hw peple feel abut themselves internally. 37
Althugh feeling cnnected t peple is imprtant in many settings, it becmes especially critical in schls.A2020 research analysis fund that students wh d nt feel a sense f belnging at schl are ften searching fr threats in their envirnment that signal whether they are welcme r nt. 38 This, in turn, can cause prer academic perfrmance. It can als discurage students
frm frming deeper relatinships. S, a student's feeling f belnging is vital fr their learning.
39 Researchers will cntinue t analyze hw persnality, culture, and even scial media shape hw cnnected we feel t thers. With this knwledge, peple can create schls and cmmunities where mre peple feel included. That way, we can develp a sciety that is verall healthier, happier, and mre cnnected.
A. They may d things t increase their self-esteem.
B. This stress can use up cgnitive resurces needed fr learning.
C. Belnging is a cmplex thing because it is influenced by many factrs.
D. Over the years, researchers have been explring this subjective feeling.
E. Feeling like yu belng can actually imprve many aspects f yur life.
F. It actually serves as a warning signal that measures hw much peple feel accepted.
G. When yu see yurself well suited t a specific envirnment, yu feel valued and respected.
2025丰台一模
Experts have warned that an bsessin(痴迷) with healthy eating can cause mental health prblems. A survey amng mental health prfessinals fund 90% f thse surveyed, like in previus research, had seen patients with rthrexia nervsa (ON). 35
The survey fund sme patients cut ut fds like fish, meat r dairy, cnsidering them “unclean” . Their fixatin n “pure” fds leads t deficiencies(缺陷) like irn-deficiency anaemia r vitamin B12 deficiency. Fr example, Dr Niket Snpal fund that his patients didn’t cnsume enugh calries, minerals, prtein r carbhydrates. Sme patients even cut ut entire fd grups after the big dinners f hlidays. 36
The term ON was cined in 1997 by Dr. Steven Bratman. He nticed patients’ extreme diets caused malnutritin, anxiety, and even death. 37 It pses a significant challenge. Healthcare prviders may nt be trained t spt the signs easily, and patients might nt be aware their eating habits. As a result, diagnsis and treatment are delayed.
38 Healthcare prviders need t be attentive t identify and deal with ON in patients, prviding supprt such as nutritinal advice, psychlgical aid, and diet-diversity educatin. The public needs t knw the risks f verly strict eating. 39 True well-being cmes frm a healthy relatinship with fd, nt an bsessin with “clean” eating. By taking these steps, we can prevent mental health issues caused by fixating n healthy eating and prmte a culture where fd brings bth nurishment and jy.
A. Despite its risks, ON isn’t fficially recgnised as an eating disrder.
B. Sme nline health cmmunities prvide sme self-treatment methds.
C. ON patients shwed dubled depressin rates cmpared t nn-sufferers.
D. Media and scial platfrms can prmte a mre realistic view f nutritin.
E. Hence, experts warned that a healthy diet shuld nt simply be seen as a surce f restrictin.
F. In light f the findings, the medical cmmunity and the public shuld take a balanced view n healthy eating.
G. Basically, rthrexia is a fixatin n eating nly healthy r pure fds, r what an individual perceives as healthy r pure.
2025石景山一模
The Brain Perceives Unexpected Pain Mre Strngly
Pain perceptin (感知) can vary significantly between individuals and even within the same persn acrss different situatins. In sme cases, an injury r physical illness may lead t strnger pain than expected, while similar injuries at ther times may result in much milder pain. This difference suggests that pain perceptin is nt entirely determined by the physical injury itself. EQ \L( 35 )
EQ \L( 36 ) One is the Estimate Hypthesis (假说), which suggests that the brain estimates the intensity f pain based n predictins it makes abut the injury. The ther is the Surprise Hypthesis, which argues that the brain feels pain as the difference between what it expects and what actually ccurred. This difference, als knwn as the predictin gap, plays a key rle in shaping hw pain is experienced. EQ \L( 37 ) Healthy participants were subjected t painful ht-based stimuli (刺激), while bserving visual signals in a virtual reality setting. These signals were either assciated with painful r nn-painful experiences. Participants were then asked t reprt their pain intensity.
The researchers discvered that pain perceptin becmes mre intense as the predictin gap widens. This phenmenn ccurs when the actual pain is much strnger than the brain’s expectatins. Their findings suggest that the brain strengthens pain perceptin when there is a substantial difference between anticipated and actual pain levels. EQ \L( 38 ) It prvides a mre accurate framewrk fr understanding hw the brain prcesses pain. The study als revealed that unexpected events tend t increase pain, supprting the idea that the difference between expectatin and reality causes pain t feel wrse.
Individuals with persistent pain ften experience uncertain fears and anxieties abut their cnditin. This mismatch between their expectatins and the actual experience f pain can further strengthen hw strngly they perceive the pain. EQ \L( 39 ) Gaining deeper insights int hw the brain prcesses pain culd als cntribute t the develpment f mre effective treatments, ultimately imprving recvery frm persistent pain.
A. This evidence supprts the Surprise Hypthesis.
B. It is als strngly influenced by individual expectatins.
C. In this study, hw the brain perceives pain was examined.
D. In cntrast, the gap will determine the intensity f the pain ne feels.
E. T explain this phenmenn, a new study has intrduced tw main assumptins.
F. The findings highlight the imprtance f psychlgical factrs in pain management.
G. Narrwing this gap between expectatin and reality may play a key rle in reducing pain.
2025 东城二模
After seeing nline advertising fr “Willy’s Cbclate Experience”, peple paid up t £80 each t attend. But it wasn’t as prmised: instead f wndrus creatins and an abundance f chclate, families arrived at a mstly abandned warehuse featuring a sad-lking castle. Later it emerged that the marketing materials were prduced by artificial intelligence. Misleading ads are just ne example f a cmmn prblem in ur digitalised wrld. Yet even as deceptin (欺骗) grws mre cmplicated, cuntermeasures are being develped.
There is an arms race ging n in the digital wrld. ____35____ Understanding that evlutinary cnflict can help us beat thse wh aim t lie t us. Disinfrmatin certainly predates the existence f humans. Cancer cells, fr example, trick the immune system int treating them as a nrmal part f the bdy, causing white bld cells useless against them.
____36____ Cucks lay their eggs in the nests f ther birds. The fster parents are then deceived int raising the yung f thers at the expense f their wn. Mre cmplex are cases where wild tufted capuchin mnkeys may scream as thugh a predatr (捕食者) is nearby t trick their fellw primates int running away frm fd. ____37____
This links t the Red Queen hypthesis, which refers t a case where tw rganisms cmpete t utsmart each ther. ____38____ Cucks cmpete with hst birds. Primates cmpete with each ther. In each cnflict, a new strategy by ne party frces the ther t adapt — r face eliminatin in the cld game f natural selectin.
Disinfrmatin tday is a mre cmplex versin f the false mnkey screams. The gd news is that we knw enugh abut evlutinary thinking t predict which steps bad actrs will take next. ____39____ We have nvel ways t trick it int evlving a weakness that we then take advantage f, a prcess called “evlutinary trapping”. Similarly, we knw smene will try t utfx the tls being develped t cunter deepfakes. We can predict what the next frm f deepfake will lk like, then prevent it.
A. Bdies cmpete with cancers.
B. We d this already with cancer.
C. They then take the fd fr themselves.
D. They becme mre intelligent with each trick.
E. We see disinfrmatin strategies amng animals, t.
F. We need t use ur understanding t make traps f ur wn.
G. But the cmpetitin between deceptin and hnesty is as ld as life n Earth.
2025 西城二模
In ur fast-paced, technlgy-driven wrld, the act f eating has transfrmed frm a mindful practice t an ften hurried and distracted (分心的) activity. Distracted eating, characterized by cnsuming fd while engaging in ther activities such as watching televisin, scrlling thrugh smartphnes, r wrking at a desk, is becming increasingly widespread. ____35____
The cmmn presence f digital devices and the cnstant demands f mdern life have cntributed t the rise f distracted eating. ____36____ Fr instance, ffice wrkers frequently eat lunch while replying t emails, and students snack during nline classes. This behavir is nt limited t any specific age grup.
Distracted eating has several negative effects n physical and mental health. When attentin is divided between eating and anther activity, it becmes challenging t recgnize signals f being full. ____37____ Studies have shwn a crrelatin between distracted eating and an increased intake f calries, cntributing t weight gain and besity.
Eating while distracted can impair digestin. The bdy needs t be in a relaxed state fr prper digestin, but multitasking can create a state f mild stress, affecting the digestive prcess. This can lead t discmfrt, blating, and ther gastrintestinal issues. ____38____ This reduces the verall nutritinal quality f the diet, impacting lng-term health.
The practice f mindful eating, which invlves paying full attentin t the experience f eating, has been linked t imprved mental health utcmes. In cntrast, distracted eating can cntribute t stress and anxiety, as it reduces the enjyment and satisfactin f meals.
____39____ Creating specific areas fr eating, free frm digital devices and wrk related materials helps t establish a clear bundary between mealtime and ther activities. Establishing and fllwing regular meal times can reduce the temptatin t cat while multitasking. This encurages a mre structured apprach t eating. Engage in mindful eating by fcusing n the sensry experience f fd — its taste, texture, and arma. This can enhance the enjyment f meals and imprve satiety recgnitin.
As awareness f the issue grws, it is hped that mre peple will recgnize the benefits f mindful eating and make cnscius (自觉的) effrts t enjy their meals fully and healthily.
A. Addressing distracted eating requires cnscius effrt and lifestyle changes.
B. Over time, this habit may weaken the brain’s ability t assciate fd with satisfactin.
C. Eating in respnse t bredm, rather than genuine hunger, is a frequent cnsequence f such behavir.
D. This shift in eating habits has significant cnsequences fr ur health and well-being.
E. This can lead t vereating, as individuals are less aware f hw much they have cnsumed.
F. Peple are multitasking mre than ever, trying t maximize prductivity by cmbining meal times with ther activities.
G. Distracted eaters may make prer fd chices, chsing cnvenience fds that are ften high in sugar, fat, and salt.
2025 朝阳二模
There is cnsiderable evidence frm studies with adults that vlunteering benefits a persn’s physical and mental health. ____35____ A 2023 analysis suggested that yung peple wh had participated in cmmunity service were mre likely t be in excellent health and stayed calm when faced with challenges.
____36____ It culd be that the children vlunteers were already in great health. But because f an alarming rise in mental health issues amng yung peple, envirnmental health scientists believe this early evidence is prmising enugh t pursue. A 2021 advisry warned that the number f yung peple reprting cnstant feelings f sadness r hpelessness had increased by40 percent ver the previus decade. There are multiple pssible causes, including anxiety ver climate change, the effects f scial media use and unfriendly persnal circumstances.
T address these prblems, researchers pint t the imprtance f “cntributin” as an essential piece f scial and emtinal develpment fr teenagers. Vlunteering is ne gd way yung peple can cntribute. ____37____ In 2022, develpmental psychlgist Parissa Ballard and her clleagues tested vlunteering as an interventin fr nine 14-t-20-year-lds wh had been recently diagnsed with mild t mderate depressin r anxiety. After 30 hurs f vlunteer wrk at cmmunity rganizatins, the average reductin in depressive symptms was 19 percent.
What accunts fr the benefits? Helping thers imprves md and raises cnfidence. It prvides rich grund fr building scial cnnectins. It als changes hw yung peple see themselves. Many teens dn’t feel imprtant. ____38____
There may be a ptential dwnside t vlunteering, hwever. ____39____ “Yung peple have t chse smething that feels meaningful t them,” Ballard says. Adults can help by ffering chices and checking vlunteer pprtunities t be sure that rganizatins are well run and equipped t ffer a gd experience.
A. Admittedly, this finding nly shws cnnectins.
B. Nw scientists are finding similar links in children and teenagers.
C. This imprvement was in cmparisn with yung peple wh did nt vlunteer.
D. The sense f mattering t thers translates really well t their needs t cnnect and belng.
E. Everyne in the study enjyed the wrk and reprted a sense f pride and accmplishment.
F. The experience can be harmful if yung peple feel like they are being frced t participate.
G. Vlunteering gives them a different sense f themselves, a sense f cnfidence and self-value.
2025 海淀二模
Stuffed animals, r plush tys, are a cherished part f childhd fr many. Yet their appeal extends far beynd the early years. Whether it’s a sft lin r a cuddly bunny, these cmfrting cmpanins have a unique place in the hearts f millins. ____35____
One f the primary reasns stuffed animals are s belved is the cmfrt they prvide. Fr children, these sft, huggable tys ften serve as a surce f emtinal security. The act f cuddling a stuffed animal can prvide reassurance and a sense f calm. ____36____ The tactile sensatin f sft fabric and the cmfrting weight f a plush ty can act like a physical cmfrt bject, similar t a security blanket.
Besides, stuffed animals ften becme lyal cmpanins, ffering emtinal supprt. ____37____ The attachment they develp t their stuffed animals is nt just a passing phase. It ften carries lasting emtinal significance well int adulthd.
____38____ Children might “care” fr their tys in ways they see adults caring fr them, develping empathy and nurturing skills. This kind f play helps children understand cmplex emtins like lve, cncern, and respnsibility. This allws them t build emtinal intelligence frm an early age.
Beynd emtinal cmfrt, stuffed animals have been used as tls in therapy. In child psychlgy, therapists ften incrprate stuffed animals t help children express their emtins, fears, and wishes in a nn-threatening way. When a child has difficulty verbalizing cmplex feelings, a stuffed animal can serve as a “vice” fr thse emtins. ____39____ Many find cmfrt in hugging r hlding a plush ty as a way t alleviate stress, anxiety, r even physical pain. A grwing bdy f research suggests hugging a stuffed animal can reduce stress hrmnes, and trigger the release f xytcin, which prmtes feelings f well-being and relaxatin.
A. Why d they hld such a special place in seeking cmfrt?
B. Many children treat them as real friends r family members.
C. But what makes stuffed animals mre than just simple tys?
D. Stuffed animals are als ften used as a frm f rle-playing.
E. It can help children feel safe, especially during times f stress.
F. Cuddling stuffed animals in therapy can keep adults in high spirits.
G. Adults t can benefit frm the therapeutic aspects f stuffed animals.
2025 丰台二模
Much smaller in size than the diameter f an average human hair, nanplastics are invisible t the naked eye. Linked t cardivascular and respiratry diseases in peple, nanplastics cntinue t build up, largely unnticed, in the wrld’s bdies f water. ____35____
Therefre, at is urgent t develp better ways t remve nanplastics frm water. Hwever the challenge remains t develp a cst-effective slutin t get rid f nanplastics while leaving clean water behind. ____36____ Recently, researchers created a cheap liquid-based slutin that remves mre than 98% f these micrscpic plastic particles (颗粒) frm water.
The innvative methd uses water-resistant slvents (溶剂) made frm natural ingredients. It nt nly ffers a practical slutin t the pressing issue f nanplastic pllutin but als paves the way fr further research and develpment in advanced water purificatin technlgies. The strategy uses a small amunt f designer slvent t absrb plastic particles frm a large dume f water. ____37____ Once mixed with water and allwed t reseparate, the slvent flats back t the surface, carrying the nanplastics within its mlecular structure. Currently, the capacity f the slvent is nt well understd. ____38____ Additinally, they will explre methds t recycle the slvent, enabling their reuse multiple times if necessary.
____39____ The slvents are made frm safe, nn-txic cmpnents, and their ability t resist water prevents additinal pllutin f water surces, making them a highly sustainable slutin. Frm a scientific perspective, creating effective remval methds fsters innvatin in filtratin technlgies, prvides insights int nanmaterial behavir, and supprts the develpment f infrmed envirnmental plicies.
A. That’s where a new research cmes in.
B. The cst f prducing the slvent is still t high.
C. Previus methds failed t purify and recycle the small particles.
D. Initially, the slvent sits n the water’s surface the way il flats n water.
E. In future wrk, researchers aim t determine the maximum capacity f the slvent.
F. The new methd ffers multiple advantages that are bth practical and scientifically significant.
G. They can damage water ecsystems and enter the fd chain, threatening wildlife and humans.
2019～2024年北京卷信息还原(七选五)
年份
主题语境
语篇类型
考点题量统计
细节句
主旨句
过渡句
2025
人与自我（聚焦 成年的本质）
议论文
4
1
2024
人与社会(关注培养最大的可信度)
议论文
4
1

2023
人与社会(关注教学质量高的学校)
议论文
2
1
2
2022
人与社会
(健康与健身帮助人们拥有健康的生活)
说明文
4
1

2021
人与社会(音乐对人体健康的影响)
说明文
3
1
1
2020
人与自我(积极思考的好处)
说明文
4
1