高考英语二轮-阅读七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）学生版

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读七选五10年真题50题+最新模拟100题（技能+真题+模拟）学生版，共12页。
目录
技能专区 1
真题专区 2
模拟专区 15
技能专区：冲刺备考名师提醒，洞悉高考命题规律，提供高效提分干货
一、通读全文，对文章进行快速浏览，寻找主题句，抓住文章结构及文章的写作内容。
在阅读过程中，要注意文章的开始与结束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因为“开门见山”与“结尾总结”的写作方式为常见的写作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主题所在，说明本文将探讨哪些内容，并简要指出文章的写作思路，有时甚至会以提纲的形式进行呈现。首段的末句对于快速掌握文章的主题有重要意义。
二、详读段落，在短时间内，找出每段写作内容关键词，明确各段的主题句或主旨大意。
文章正文部分通常分为若干小段落。各段落会根据整体文章写作主题展开，对文章主体进行的不同方面的描述。找出各个小段落中的关键词，明确其描述内容，为整体试题的解决做好铺垫。阅读各个空的前后句，标记关键词，关键词包括句中的核心名词或名词词组（如带有形容词的名词词组）、专有名词、时间数字、代词、连词等。重点阅读各个问题附近的句子，圈定线索词，然后从选项中寻找相关的特征词，以确定答案。做题时可以采用代入排除法。如果一题做不出或拿不准，可先放过，继续往下读，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。
三、定位选项，明确各备选选项的含义，抓住其关键词语。
根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项填入文中，填写时尤为注意各选项中出现的句子衔接手段及句中的衔接标志词。在定位选项时，要特别注意空格上下段的写作内容，以及空格上段尾句和下段首句的结构和意义。将所选项放入空白处，看看是否与上下文构成语义及逻辑上的直接关系，是否符合该处语境。能否承接前后的写作线索。使文章无论内容还是衔接上都能做到通顺。
四、通读复检，将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点考查逻辑关系和关联结构。
在完成选项定位后，应通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，语义是否连贯合理、各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、具有一致性、合乎逻辑，写作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用语是否恰当贴切，从而判断选择的答案是否正确。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比分析，个别干扰项由于与某个正确选项的内容相近具有很强的干扰性，这时就需要我们认真分析，排除干扰，从而得出正确选项。
五、确定排除，研究多余选项，确定排除理由，最终确定答案。
真题专区：练真题，明方向，补漏洞，提能力
真题演练01（2024·北京·高考真题）If yu want t develp maximum credibility (可信性), is it better t be a hedgehg (刺猬) r a fx? Accrding t Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehg knws ne thing very well, and the fx knws a lt f things.
Is there a clear advantage f ne style ver the ther? Hedgehg thinkers tend t answer yes. ___35___ And they are usually very credible in ding s. Accrding t Jim Hart, the “hedgehg cncept” is ne f the factrs that lead cmpanies t greatness. They fcus n ne thing and d it really well. They figure ut what they are gd at. ___36___ The hedgehg cncept makes perfect sense fr cmpanies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track recrds f thse flks n the Sunday talk shws wh make predictins abut what will happen. He has fund that hedgehgs are nt nly wrng mre ften than fxes, but that they are less likely t recgnise r admit that they are wrng when events d nt match their predictins.
The advantage that fxes have is that they are mre likely t seek ut new infrmatin frm a brader range f surces, and are cmfrtable with uncertainty and new infrmatin. ___38___ They try t include it in their viewpint rather than t exclude it frm their thinking. They als have a clearer estimatin f what they knw and dn’t knw.
S, which is better? The questin can be answered in a fxy hedgehg style. ___39___ The chice between being a hedgehg r a fx is a false trade-ff. The mst effective way t g thrugh life is t try t be that rare mixture knwn as fxy hedgehg.
A. In ther wrds, there are clear advantages fr each.
B. They are mre likely t remember peple’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage f clarity and cnfidence.
D. But there can be a dwnside t cncentratin n ne big thing.
E. Hwever, hedgehgs remain pen t thers’ reactins and inputs.
F. When smething is cntradictry t their view, they dn’t treat it as exceptinal.
G. They cme dwn squarely n ne side r the ther and fully supprt their psitin.
真题演练02（2023·北京·高考真题）It’s a jyful and stressful time f year in the United States fr students and their families as they make decisins abut where t attend cllege. Families ften turn t rankings systems t help make a decisin. 1
When I talk t families as a schlar f higher educatin, they’re ften surprised that teaching excellence is nt cunted in rankings. 2
Emerging research suggests that curses in lwer-ranked universities, n average, scred higher n teaching than curses in higher-ranked universities. 3 The absence f teaching excellence frm the rankings is surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is ne f the mst imprtant predictrs f a wide range f cllege utcmes.
Rankings, hwever, are nly ne reasn why a lw value is placed n teaching in higher educatin. Administratrs ften dn’t view teaching excellence as a way t increase enrlment (注册) r funding. 4 Research shws that the mre time instructrs spend n teaching, the lwer their salary. What is the result? Many instructrs cntinue t teach using traditinal lectures, which lead t lwer success rates.
5 Nevertheless, nt much will change until schls with high-quality teaching are rewarded with mre resurces, higher rankings and increased enrlments. In the lng term, universities, rganisatins that rank schls, and thers shuld wrk t make teaching a valued, cre part f the missin.
What shuld students and their families d? They shuld give strng cnsideratin t universities where high-quality teaching is valued, even thugh the schls may be ranked lwer.
A. Higher educatin has achieved its true ptential.
B. Therefre, it’s nt highly valued in hiring r prmtin.
C. Quality teaching has been an imprtant reputatin-building factr.
D. Hwever, the rankings ignre a critical factr: the quality f teaching.
E. Effrts t imprve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even mre surprised at hw teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities ften shift emphasis frm teaching t ther ranking factrs.
真题演练03（2022·北京·高考真题）Health and fitness help a persn live a gd and healthy life. Often due t varius pressures, we tend t ignre ur health. 6 It is the fitness level f ur bdy that helps us fight these diseases.
7 We need t be fit t have a healthy bdy. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted twards maintaining the fitness f ur bdy. Health is the state f ur bdy at a given time. We may nt have any disease but still have a weak bdy, which is ready t be targeted by viruses. 8 This des nt definitely mean that we are nt healthy. It means the fitness level is nt in accrdance with ur age and the climatic cnditins we live in.
It is imprtant fr everyne t devte sme time t health and fitness. 9 Fr instance, we must exercise daily regardless f ur age and wrking style. There are different levels f exercises fr different age grups and we must d them accrding t ur wn health and age.
Additinally, it is imprtant t relax ur bdy. We shuld have at least six t eight hurs f sleep every day. It helps in imprving ur immune (免疫) system and prtects us against diseases. 10 This, in turn, gives us new gals f health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality f life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated t each ther.
C. It als helps in keeping us calm and relaxes ur mind.
D. Fr instance, we may have a tendency t catch a cld easily.
E. If we keep ur bdy fit, we can enjy life in a better manner.
F. There are sme activities which everyne shuld d in ur life.
G. This makes ur bdy suffer and we will catch ther diseases.
真题演练04（2021·北京·高考真题）Music has lng been cnsidered t be an enjyable pastime fr many peple. 11 The mental health benefits frm music can't be argued. Music culd als be helping yu with many ther health prblems behind the scenes.
12 Hwever，fr the same reasn，music can be very beneficial if ne is in pain. By distracting （分心） the mind frm the pain，music，peple say，can lwer stress and anxiety levels. This，f curse，can lead t less pain.
Many peple enjy relaxing music in the evening prir t ging t bed. 13 While the validity f the idea is still being assessed，the lwered stress can even be tied back t bld pressure. Similarly, accrding t researchers，listening t just 30 minutes f sft music every day may help with healthy bld sugar levels， thrugh the lwering f stress and anxiety.
When it cmes t heart health，there is speculatin （推测） that it's nt the style f music， but rather the temp that makes it s gd fr yur heart health. In ne Eurpean study，participants listened t music as the researchers mnitred their heart rates and bld pressure. 14 On the ther hand，when the music slwed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lwer and the effects n heart rates appeared t fllw suit.
15 But there is a whle range f ther health issues that turning up the radi culd be beneficial fr，which is what makes music s valuable.
A. This feeling can als result in many ther health prblems.
B. Sme experts say that music can be harmful if it is t lud.
C. This idea is a little ff-the-wall but still has scientific backing.
D. They say it can play a big rle in calming the brain enugh t sleep.
E. The implicatins f music n verall well-being are really impressive.
F. It is als highly ppular due t the individualized effects n stress and anxiety.
G. Interestingly，the mre cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were.
真题演练05（2020·北京·高考真题）Many peple think that psitive thinking is mstly abut keeping ne's head in the sand and ignring daily prblems, trying t lk ptimistic. In reality it has mre t d with the way an individual talks t himself. Self-talk is a cnstant stream f thughts f a persn, wh is ften unaware and uncertain f sme events, phenmena, peple, r even the persn himself. 16 Meanwhile, psitive thinking can help t stp negative self-talks and start t frm a psitive view n an issue. Peple wh regularly practise psitive thinking tend t slve prblems mre effectively. They are less expsed t stress caused by external factrs. They tend t believe in themselves and in what they d.
17 Peple wh think psitively demnstrate increased life spans, lwer rates f depressin and anxiety, better physical and psychlgical health, reduced risks f death frm heart prblems. Psitive thinking als cntributes t ne's ability t deal with prblems and hardships. 18 Fr example, researchers have fund that in the case f a crisis accmpanied by strng emtins, such as a natural disaster, psitive thinking can prvide a srt f buffer against depressin and anxiety. Resilient peple wh think psitively tend t treat every prblem as a challenge, a chance fr imprvement f any kind, r as an pprtunity fr persnal grwth. Pessimists, n the cntrary, tend t perceive prblems as a surce f additinal stress. 19
In cnclusin, psitive thinking is a pwerful and effective tl fr dealing with hard times and imprving the quality f ne's life. It desn't have anything t d with ignrant ptimism when an individual refuses t ntice a prblem. 20
Thinking in a psitive, self-encuraging way brings abut many benefits t ne's physical and mental health.
A. It desn't cause any severe emtinal discmfrt, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-cnfidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps ne t remain clear-headed and cnfident in difficult situatins.
D. Psitive thinking has several beneficial effects n the bdy and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviur and habits change as well.
F. They ften ffer a real alternative t the cmmn and regular way f thinking.
G. They ften feel discuraged lng befre trying t slve the prblem, even if small.
真题演练06（2019·北京·高考真题）Much f the wrk in tday’s wrld is accmplished(完成) in teams. Mst peple believe the best way t build a great team is t gather a grup f the mst talented individuals. 21 Cmpanies spend millins hiring tp business peple. Is their mney well spent?
22 They fcused n ftball, basketball and baseball. The results are mixed. Fr ftball and basketball, adding talented players t a team prves a gd methd, but nly up t the pint where 70% f the players are tp talent; abve that level, the team’s perfrmance begins t decline. Interestingly, this trend isn’t evident in baseball, where additinal individual talent keeps imprving the team’s perfrmance.
T explain this phenmenn, the researchers explred the degree t which a gd perfrmance by a team requires its members t crdinate(协调) their actins. 23 In baseball, the perfrmance f individual players is less dependent n teammates. They cnclude that when task interdependence is high, team perfrmance will suffer when there is t much talent, while individual talent will have psitive effects n team perfrmance when task interdependence is lwer. If a basketball star is, fr example, trying t gain a high persnal pint ttal, he may take a sht himself when it wuld be better t pass the ball t a teammate, affecting the team’s perfrmance. Yung children learning t play team sprts are ften tld, “There is n I in TEAM.” 24
Anther pssibility is that when there is a lt f talent n a team, sme players may make less effrt. Just as in a game f tug-f-war(拔河比赛), whenever a persn is added, everyne else pulls the rpe with less frce.
25 An A-team may require a balance--nt just A players, but a few generus B players as well.
A. It’s nt a simple matter t determine the nature f talent.
B. Sprts team wners spend millins f dllars attracting tp talent.
C. The grup interactin and its effect drew the researchers’ attentin.
D. Stars apparently d nt fllw this basic principle f sprtsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the rle f talent in the sprts wrld.
F. Building up a dream team is mre cmplex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball frm ftball and basketball.
真题演练07（2018·北京·高考真题）Why D We Get Angry?
Anger seems simple when we are feeling it, but the causes f anger are varius. Knwing these causes can make us examine ur behavir, and crrect bad habits. The main reasns we get angry are triggering（触发）events, persnality traits（特征）, and ur assessment f situatins. 26
Triggering events fr anger are s many that t describe them all wuld take hundreds f pages. Hwever, here are sme examples: being cut ff in traffic, a deadline appraching, experiencing physical pain, and much mre. 27 The reasn why smene is triggered by smething and thers are nt is ften due t ne’s persnal histry and psychlgical traits.
Each persn, n matter wh they are, has psychlgical imbalances. Peple wh have persnality traits that cnnect with cmpetitiveness and lw upset tlerance are much mre likely t get angry. 28 Als, smetimes pre-anger des nt have t d with a lasting cnditin, but rather a temprary state befre a triggering event has ccurred.
29 Smetimes even rutine ccurrences becme surces f pre-anger, r anger itself. Smetimes ignrance and negative (消极的) utlks n situatins can create anger.
30 Hwever, anger can easily turn vilent, and it is best t knw the reasns fr anger t appear in rder t prevent its presence. With these main reasns in mind, we can evaluate ur level f anger thrughut the day and prevent cases f utbursts by cmprehending the reasns fr ur feelings.
A. Our attitude and viewpint n situatins can create anger within us as well.
B. But sme types f situatins can help us t get rid f the ccurrence f anger.
C. Anger is rarely lked upn as a beneficial character trait, and is usually advised t reduce it.
D. Anger is a particularly strng feeling and maybe peple think that they have reasns t feel angry.
E. Having these persnality traits implies the pre-anger state, where anger is in the backgrund f yur mind.
F. Understanding these reasns will cntrl ur wn anger if we are willing t evaluate urselves with a critical eye.
G. Nt everyne acts the same in respnse t events, and that is why what triggers ne persn may r may nt trigger anther.
真题演练08（2017·北京·高考真题）Every animal sleeps, but the reasn fr this has remained fggy. When lab rats are nt allwed t sleep, they die within a mnth. 31
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memries. 32 We knw that, while awake, fresh memries are recrded by reinfrcing (加强) cnnectins between brain cells, but the memry prcesses that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Supprt is grwing fr a thery that sleep evlved s that cnnectins between neurns(神经元) in the brain can be weakened vernight, making rm fr fresh memries t frm the next day. 33
Nw we have the mst direct evidence yet that he is right. 34 The synapses in the mice taken at the end f a perid f sleep were 18 per cent smaller than thse taken befre sleep, shwing that the cnnectins between neurns weaken while sleeping.
If Tnni’s thery is right, it wuld explain why, when we miss a night’s, we find it harder the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin — ur brains may have smaller rm fr new experiences.
Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time even thugh the synapses becme thinner. The team discvered that sme synapses seem t be prtected and stayed the same size. 35 “Yu keep what matters,” Tnni says.
A. We shuld als try t sleep well the night befre.
B. It’s as if the brain is preserving its mst imprtant memries.
C. Similarly, when peple g fr a few days withut sleeping, they get sick.
D. The prcesses take place t stp ur brains becming laded with memries.
E. That’s why students d better in tests if they get a chance t sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay fr learning,” says Giuli Tnni, wh develped the idea.
G. Tnni’s team measured the size f these cnnectins, r synapses, in the brains f 12 mice.
真题演练09（2016·北京·高考真题）The Science f Risk-Seeking
Smetimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is wrth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems wrth taking. 36 Sme f us enjy activities that wuld surprise and scare the rest f us. Why? Experts say it may have t d with hw ur brains wrk?
The reasn why any f us take any risks al all might have t d with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, r explring. 37 As the quality f risk-taking was passed frm ne generatin t the next, humans ended up with a sense f adventure and a tlerance fr risk.
S why aren’t we all jumping ut f airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ag, t much risk-taking culd get ne killed. A few daring survived, thugh, alng with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans develped a range f character types that still exists tday. S maybe yu lve car racing, r maybe yu hate it. 38
N matter where yu are n the risk-seeking range, scientists say that yur willingness t take risks increases during yur teenage years. 39 T help yu d that, yur brain increases yur hunger fr new experiences. New experiences ften mean taking sme risks, s yur brain raises yur tlerance fr risk as well.
40 Fr the risk-seekers a part f the brain related t pleasure becmes active, while fr the rest f us, a part f the brain related t fear becmes active.
As experts cntinue t study the science f risk-seeking, we’ll cntinue t hit the muntains, the waves r the shallw end f the pl.
A. It all depends n yur character.
B. Thse are the risks yu shuld jump t take.
C. Being better at thse things meant a greater chance f survival.
D. Thus, these well-equipped peple survived because they were the fittest.
E. This is when yu start t mve away frm yur family and int the bigger wrld.
F. Hwever, we are nt all using the same reference standard t weigh risks and rewards.
G. New brain research suggests ur brains wrk differently when we face a nervus situatin.
真题演练10（2015·北京·高考真题）This Way t Dreamland Daydreaming means peple think abut smething pleasant, especially when this makes them frget what they shuld be ding. Daydreamers have a bad reputatin fr being unaware f what’s happening arund them. They can seem frgetful and clumsy. 41 They anny us because they seem t be ignring us and missing the imprtant things.
But daydreamers are als respnsible fr sme f the greatest ideas and achievements in human histry. 42 Can yu imagine what kind f wrld we wuld have withut such ideas and inventins? S hw can yu cme up with brilliant daydreams and avid falling ver tree rts r therwise lking like a fl? First, understand that sme pprtunities(机会) fr daydreaming are better than thers.
Feeling safe and relaxed will help yu t slip int daydreams. 43 And if yu want t imprve yur chances f having a creative idea while yu’re daydreaming, try t d it while yu are invlved in anther task—preferably smething simple, like taking a shwer r walking, r even making meaningless drawings.
It’s als imprtant t knw hw t avid daydreams fr thse times when yu really need t cncentrate. “Mindfulness”, being fcused, is a tl that sme peple use t avid falling asleep. 44 Finally, yu never knw what wnderful idea might strike while yur mind has mved slwly away. 45 Always remember that yur best ideas might cme when yur head is actually in the cluds.
A. Having interesting things t think abut als helps.
B. They stare ff int space and wander by themselves.
C. Withut wandering minds, we wuldn’t have relativity , Cke r Pst-it ntes.
D. At ne time, daydreaming was thught t be a cause f sme mental illnesses.
E. It invlves slw, steady breathing fr self-cntrl that helps peple stay calm and attentive.
F. Daydreams are ften very simple and direct, quite unlike sleep dreams, which may be hard t understand.
G. Therefre, it’s a gd idea t keep a ntebk r vice recrder nearby when yu’re in the daydream zne.
模拟专区：做好题才有好成绩！练速度，补漏洞，强信心！
（23-24高二下·北京通州·期末）Science fictin writers create imaginary wrlds. 1 S it’s imprtant fr yu t be familiar with the scientific principles and inventins that are related t yur creatin. Fr example, if yu’re writing abut human living n a planet with zer gravity, then yu need t knw the effects f zer gravity n the human bdy.
Then yu have t figure ut the exact rules f yur imaginary wrlds. And yu have t fllw them. If humans are able t breathe underwater in Chapter 1, yur character can’t drwn in a swimming pl in Chapter 3. 2 That means the reader is willing t pretend alng with yu. If yu start ut with an rdinary detective nvel and then thrw in smene breathing underwater in the 6th chapter, yu will pull the readers ut f their imaginatin. 3
Part f yur preparatry wrk fr the nvel is t map ut its wrlds in great detail. Yu shuld decide the fllwing issues: the histry f the wrld, the gegraphy, what pssibilities it ffers, hw everything wrks in this new reality, and hw all f these factrs affect the way yur characters think, feel, and react t things. Yu dn’t have t tell yur readers all the rules in the first chapter. 4 This als allws yu t wrk ut lgical prblems and cntradictins befre yu start writing.
5 Yu are inviting readers t visit a new wrld. They will want t be able t see, hear, feel, smell and even taste what it’s like. Whether yur nvel is abut a wrld withut disease r an undiscvered planet, help yur readers feel like they’re actually there.
A．The issue here is maintaining yur readers’ trust.
B．Yur characters must be based n imaginatin nly.
C．When yu are writing, remember t make it feel real.
D．Instead, yu nly need t fllw the rules all the way.
E．The same thing happens if yu change the rules halfway.
F．But yu have t let readers knw enugh t understand what’s ging n.
G．The way things wrk in yur imaginary wrlds will be based n actual science.
（23-24高二下·北京丰台·期末）What Came First, the Chicken r the Egg?
Chickens are ne f the mst ecnmically imprtant animals in the wrld tday. 6 , Recent advancements in archaelgical methdlgies have unveiled that numerus bne discveries, nce believed t be evidence f early chickens, actually belng t wild birds.
Nw, in a new publicatin, an internatinal team f archaelgists, histrians, and bimlecular scientists present the earliest clear evidence fr the raising f chickens fr egg prductin. Using eggshell fragments cllected frm 12 archaelgical sites cvering rughly 1500 years, the researchers shw that chickens were widely raised in Central Asia frm apprximately 400 BCE t 1000 CE and were likely spread alng the ancient Silk Rad. 7 . It was this trait f prductive egg laying, the researchers argue, that made the dmestic chicken s attractive t ancient peples
8 . They cllected tens f thusands f eggshell fragments frm sites lcated alng the main Central Asian crridr f the Silk Rad. They then used a methd f bimlecular analysis called ZMS t identify the surce f the eggs. The identificatin f these shell fragments as chickens, and their abundance at each site, led the researchers t an imprtant cnclusin. 9 . In the wild, this kind f bird nests nce per year and typically lays six eggs per clutch (窝). This is the earliest evidence fr the lss f seasnal egg laying yet identified in the archaelgical recrd. Meanwhile, it is an imprtant clue fr better understanding the mutualistic (共生的) relatinships between humans and animals that resulted in dmesticatin
Taken tgether, the new study suggests an answer t the age-ld riddle f the chicken and the egg. 10 .
A．T reach these cnclusins, the team did a lt f wrk.
B．The abundance f eggshells further suggests that the birds were laying ut f seasn.
C．Yet, the stry f hw they riginated and spread thrughut the ancient wrld remains largely unclear.
D．Research shws chickens were bred thrughut suthern Central Asia, and were spread alng the ancient Silk Rad.
E．The birds must have been laying mre frequently than their wild ancestr, the red jungle fwl
F．They argue that the lss f seasnal egg laying was the main drive fr the spread f dmestic chickens acrss Eurasia and nrtheast Africa
G．As the evidence in Central Asia suggests, the ability t lay a large number f eggs is what made the chicken the chicken we knw tday.
（23-24高二下·北京海淀·期末）Picture this: yu’re baking ckies. As yu lift the pan ut f the ven, yur bare arm accidentally tuches it. Ouch! Why did yu feel pain? And hw is yur brain invlved in sensing pain? We may nt like pain, but ur bdies need it as a warning system. 11
There are special receptr cells in ur skin and bdies that are sensitive t certain stimuli (刺激). These cells are called “nciceptrs”. When a nciceptr gets expsed t a painful stimulus, it sends a message int the brain. The brain prcesses that infrmatin, and then pain is felt. 12 Think abut a time when yu’ve stubbed yur te. There desn’t seem t be a delay between hitting yur te and then feeling pain: it feels like it happens at the same time.
13 If we have an injury, pain alerts us t rest and let the injury heal. If we stand t clse t a fire, pain tells us t mve away. Nt being able t feel pain can be dangerus. Sme peple can feel sensatins like tuch, but they cannt feel pain. Withut feeling pain, they cannt listen t their bdies when they need t rest r heal.
On the ther hand, the brain smetimes prcesses pain where there isn’t any actual injury t the bdy. Here’s a famus stry: a man stepped n a nail. It went thrugh the bttm f his she, and he felt like he was in hrrible pain. When the dctrs remved his she, they fund that the nail was between his tes! It hadn’t gne int his ft at all. 14 S his brain perceived pain t match the experience.
Withut pain, we might nt knw when we culd need t rest. We might nt knw if we were in danger f hurting urselves. 15 Hwever, it is an imprtant part f human life and survival!
A．Pain is nt fun t feel.
B．Pain is a respnse t a stimulus.
C．Our brains use sensry infrmatin t interpret the pain that we feel.
D．Even thugh pain is an unpleasant feeling, it is necessary fr human survival.
E．All f this signal sending and prcessing happens faster than we can perceive.
F．It is an imprtant functin f ur brain, telling ur bdies when smething is wrng.
G．Hwever, the visual infrmatin tricked his brain int thinking that there was cause fr alarm.
（23-24高二下·北京石景山·期末）Sme peple think that success is nly fr thse with talent r wh grw up in the right family. Others believe that success mstly cmes dwn t luck. I’m nt ging t say luck, talent, and circumstances dn’t cme int play because they d. Sme peple are brn int the right family while thers are brn with great intelligence. 16
Hwever, t succeed in life, yu need t set a gal. 17 T get really gd at smething, yu need t spend at least 10,000 hurs studying and practicing. T becme great at certain things, it’ll require even mre time. Mst peple wn’t put in that time. If yu dn’t enjy what yu d, it will feel like unbearable pain. Yu will likely quit befre yu becme gd at it. 18
When yu see peple with great skills r wh have achieved great success, remember they have dedicated a huge part f their life t get there at a huge cst. 19 But thinking that way des yu n gd, and yu’re prbably wrng.
20 Yu must almst reach the pint f addictin and keep at it fr a lng perid f time. If yu’re nt willing t put in the time and wrk, dn’t expect any rewards. Cnsistent, hard wrk wn’t guarantee the level f success yu want. But it will guarantee yu becme really gd at whatever yu dedicate yurself t.
A．That’s just hw life is.
B．One cannt succeed withut time.
C．And then, yu need t make it practical.
D．Successful peple like t shw their great skills and talent.
E．It’s easy t think they gt lucky r were brn with rare talent.
F．This is a big reasn why many successful peple advise yu t d smething yu lve.
G．Whatever yu d, if yu want t becme great at it, yu need t wrk day in and day ut.
（23-24高二下·北京东城·期末）Fd has always been a universal language that brings peple tgether. It has the pwer t bridge cultural gaps and fster understanding between natins. 21
Actually, culinary diplmacy is nt a new cncept. It has been practiced fr centuries, with ancient civilizatins using fd as a means f establishing diplmatic relatins. Tday, it has develped int a mre frmalized practice, with gvernments recgnizing its ptential t build bridges and prmte peace.
22 Fd is deeply rted in culture, and by sharing traditinal dishes, cuntries can shwcase their unique heritage and traditins. Thrugh fd, peple can gain a deeper understanding f a natin’s histry, values, and way f life. This exchange f culinary traditins can lead t a greater appreciatin and respect fr different cultures.
Culinary diplmacy als prvides a platfrm fr dialgue between natins. 23 These gatherings create pprtunities fr peple t engage in meaningful cnversatins. By breaking bread tgether, peple can find cmmn grund and establish cnnectins that g beynd plitical differences.
Furthermre, culinary diplmacy can have ecnmic benefits fr cuntries. By prmting their lcal cuisine, natins can attract turists and bst their culinary turism industry. 24 Additinally, culinary diplmacy can enhance a cuntry’s sft pwer, as its cuisine becmes a symbl f its cultural richness and diversity.
In recent years, several cuntries have embraced culinary diplmacy as a means f prmting their natinal cuisine and culture. Peru, fr example, has successfully used culinary diplmacy t prmte its cuisine. 25 Peru has taken advantage f this by hsting internatinal fd events and establishing culinary schls t train chefs. As a result, Peru has seen a significant increase in turism and internatinal recgnitin.
Culinary diplmacy plays a crucial rle in fstering cultural exchange and prmting dialgue between natins. As the wrld becmes mre intercnnected, it will cntinue t be a pwerful tl in prmting peace and fstering glbal understanding.
A．Culinary diplmacy can prmte trade, turism and cperatin.
B．This generates prfit and creates jb pprtunities fr lcal peple.
C．One f the key rles f culinary diplmacy is fstering cultural exchange.
D．Its rich culinary heritage, with dishes like ceviche, has becme a glbal hit.
E．Internatinal fd festivals and events bring fd enthusiasts wrldwide tgether.
F．As the saying ges, “The easiest way t win hearts and minds is thrugh stmach.”
G．This is where culinary diplmacy cmes in, using fd t prmte cultural exchange.
（23-24高二下·北京昌平·期末）As we carefully select ur utfits each day, we may nt always realize the influence ur clthing chices have n ur md, behavir, and even hw thers understand us.
26 Studies have shwn that dressing well can significantly affect hw we feel abut urselves and ur abilities. When we wear utfits that make us feel cnfident and cmfrtable, we are mre likely t make a psitive impressin n thers.
Our clthing chices are like a persnal canvas (画布). 27 Whether it’s a vintage-inspired dress r a bld graphic tee, ur clthes becme a reflectin f wh we are. Fashin is a pwerful tl that helps us cmmunicate with the wrld and frm cnnectins with like-minded individuals.
Have yu ever nticed hw wearing a particular utfit can change yur md?
28 Fr instance, bright clrs and cheerful patterns can uplift ur spirits and bring a sense f happiness. 29 The link between clrs and emtins plays a vital rle in shaping ur utlk n the day.
Clthes we wear can als influence ur behavir and cgnitive prcesses. Fr example, wearing frmal business suit might signal the brain that it’s time t fcus and be prductive, while mre relaxed clthing might encurage a mre casual apprach. 30
S, the next time yu dress up, remember the huge influence yur utfit can have, and embrace the pprtunity t express yurself thrugh the art f fashin.
A．Clthing can give rise t varius emtinal respnses.
B．Crrect clthes cnveys that yu are interested in the jb.
C．On the ther hand, wearing darker might create a feeling f seriusness.
D．Thus, the right utfit can give us cnfidence needed t cnquer the day ahead.
E．It allws us t express ur beliefs, interests, and emtins withut saying a single wrd.
F．Chsing the right fr specific ccasins can, therefre, enhance ur perfrmance and efficiency.
G．The phrase “dress fr success” hlds true when it cmes t the impact f clthes n self-cnfidence.
（23-24高二下·北京西城·期末）Highly sensitive persn, r HSP, is a term cined by psychlgist Elaine Arn. Accrding t research, in every five peple, there’s ne HSP. 31 HSPs have strng self-cnsciusness; they may struggle t adapt t new circumstances, demnstrate seemingly inapprpriate emtinal respnses in scial situatins, and easily becme uncmfrtable in respnse t light, sund r certain physical sensatins. 32
The pwer f insensitivity can be interpreted as “sluggish (迟缓的) pwer”. Usually, peple assciate “insensitivity” with smething bad, but insensitivity des nt equal dullness. 33 That is, calmly facing the setbacks and dwntime in life and firmly mving twards ne’s wn directin. It is the “means and wisdm t win a better life”, as a Japanese authr writes in the bk The Pwer f Insensitivity. Accrding t him, the wrld will be better if we fcus n the majr gals and stay insensitive t anything else.
34 One f the imprtant reasns is that behind insensitivity is strng self-awareness r self-cnfidence. Knwing yurself is difficult, but knwing yurself crrectly is undubtedly an excellent ability. One f the qualities shared by many successful peple is: they all clearly knw where their strengths are, what they want, and what directin t g.
T practice insensitivity, the first step is t avid verthinking. Resist the urge t veranalyze situatins, and redirect yur fcus twards actinable steps within yur cntrl. Secndly, dn’t pay t much attentin t the ups and dwns f life at the mment. Rather, yu shuld be lking frward. Additinally, set clear bundaries. 35 Remember nt t get t invlved in ther peple’s business and set limits that keep yu safe frm utside pressures.
As a unique wisdm f life, the pwer f insensitivity gives cmpletely new inspiratin t mdern peple. Once yu becme a bit “blunt” and slw dwn the pace, yu will feel mre cmfrtable.
A．Everyne can btain the ability t be insensitive.
B．That’s where the need t be insensitive cmes frm.
C．It emphasizes determinatin when it cmes t difficulties.
D．Avid fcusing t much n what thers are ding r thinking.
E．Regarding relatinships, learn t view the prblem as tw parts.
F．Being a highly sensitive persn can cme with many challenges.
G．Why can insensitivity allw a persn t better adapt in a cmpetitive envirnment?
（23-24高二下·北京朝阳·期末）If yu are asked t describe yur relatinship with yur phne, what wuld yu say? 36 Fr thse f us wh use digital technlgy with regularity, we will unavidably think we have verdne it.
But are we really addicted t ur screens? Fr the vast majrity f users, the answer is n because there’s n frmal set f criteria fr digital addictin. 37 This test was given t arund 800 peple, using criteria previusly adpted in many ther studies. The team fund that 69% f the participants culd be diagnsed with an addictin t spending time with their friends.
38 Instead, the team was shwing hw easy it is t create what appears t be a data-driven measure f an addictive behavir, which actually is a nrmal part f everyday life. The idea f being addicted t ffline friendships is ridiculus, but that is what is happening in the digital technlgy research literature. We are stuck with researchers cmbining peple’s enjyment f an activity with the idea that it has the ptential t becme addictive. 39
It is true that we can develp bad relatinships with the technlgy we use, but an emerging line f research says we need t view ur relatinships with digital technlgy in terms f habits, nt in terms f prblematic use. 40 Whether they have psitive r negative effects n ur well-being depends nt just n the type f habit, but n the cntext in which it ccurs, hw frequently it ccurs and what ther factrs might be cntributing t it. Thinking abut ur technlgy use in terms f habit ffers us a much wider range f ptins. Rather than getting rid f technlgy altgether, we can seek ur digital experience that prmte psitive effects while minimizing negative impacts.
A．Many f us are likely t develp bad habits.
B．Habits, like checking ur phnes, are neutral.
C．Fr many, the wrd “addicted” wuld spring t mind.
D．This leads ultimately t the belief that the activity is naturally bad.
E．Obviusly, the aim wasn’t t fuel a new mral panic abut scializing.
F．A recent study has revealed evidence that shws psitive effects f digital use.
G．Back in 2020, a team used standard techniques t d an ffline-friend addictin questinnaire.
（23-24高三上·北京东城·期末）The Science f Cmfrt Fd
Certain fds always give us much pleasure. 41 Hwever, much f the happiness we get frm ur favrite fds cmes frm the memries they bring t us and the peple we’re with while we enjy them.
42 That’s why ur brains reward us fr eating anything at all by releasing a chemical that enhances md. But as anyne wh’s ever eaten apple pie knws, sweets can make us feel especially nice. One study fund that peple wh are especially sensitive t sweetness have strnger brain-reward respnses t sugary fds than less sweet-sensitive peple d.
Sme fds are especially emtinally satisfying fr reasns that have little t d with their taste r nutritinal cntent, thugh. 43 And many favrite American cmfrt fds—chili, say—are nt particularly sweet r high in carbhydrates (碳水化合物). Often we lve fd because we have fnd memries assciated with it. One dish I cannt live withut at a New Year party is my mm’s Snwy Mashed Ptates, which remind me f hliday jy and past reunins with extended family.
44 Smetimes yu might feel sad when yu eat fds that remind yu f lved nes yu miss. We may als avid fds that we assciate with bad experiences. I haven’t eaten cttage cheese since I was 8 years ld, because it was the last thing I ate befre rlling ff the bed with a terrible stmachache.
In additin t past memries, the cntext in which we eat fds matters, t. 45 And ur gustatry (味觉的) experiences can be heightened by “a sense f cmmunity, a sense f warmth and enjying it tgether”. I appreciate my mum’s ptates even mre tday when I eat them with my husband and tw children.
A．Fd is essential fr ur survival.
B．These assciatins can g the ther way, t.
C．We desire cmfrt fds when we feel lnely.
D．It shapes hw much we enjy them in the mment.
E．Their taste and nutritinal cntent affect hw we feel.
F．Our memry fr smell can be lng-lasting and precise.
G．After all, different cultures have different cmfrt fds.
（23-24高三上·北京顺义·期末）Flw is a cgnitive (认知的) state where ne is cmpletely immersed (沉浸) in an activity — frm painting and writing t yga and surfbarding. 46
The prcess f flw was discvered and cined by the Hungarian-American psychlgist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi. In the 1960s, Csikszentmihalyi studied the creative prcess and fund that, when an artist was in the curse f flw, they wuld insist n their task strictly, regardless f hunger r exhaustin. 47
One f Csikszentmihalyi’s key pints abut flw is that a persn needs t push neself ut f their cmfrt zne t stimulate it. Because it’s a dynamic state, ne has t cnstantly adjust the skill level, challenge, and cmplexity required fr the activity. 48 If yur skill level ges beynd the activity, bredm will set in, which will break the state f flw.
49 One can access flw by thinking f activities like sprts, dancing and painting. We can als have a flw state experience with many f ur day-t-day tasks and encunters. Watching TV and vide gaming, hwever, are nt n that list.
Flw can als be a tl fr better emtin regulatin (调节). When a persn is in a state f flw, there is little need fr dubts r anxieties abut neself r the wrld in general. 50 Thrugh the prcess f flw, a persn chses t fcus n a task and gain a sense f autnmy ver time, bdy, and mind.
Hwever, pushing yurself t find the flw state can backfire. In fact, trying t hard r wndering whether yu are in this state in itself ges against flw. We lse the balance between tensin and skill level if we cncentrate t much n the task.
A．Even the uncertainties f life fall away.
B．Peple may nt realize it but anyne can find flw.
C．Ask yurself if a certain task will fulfill a gal f yurs.
D．Flw can smetimes be viewed as a frerunner fr peak perfrmance.
E．He als fund that the artist wuld highlight the prcess and nt the end result.
F．As yu practice a skill, yur level f mastery will change as will the feeling f flw.
G．It invlves intense fcus, creative engagement and the lss f awareness f time and self.
（2024·北京朝阳·二模）Studies abut sleep and emplyee behavir typically fcus n varius activities that ccur within the bdy during sleep, and their impact n daytime cgnitin. New research adpts a different methd. 51
The researchers cnducted three studies invlving thusands f dreams recalled by emplyees. The first study asked participants upn awakening t rate the degree f awe (敬畏) and wnder brught by their dreams and t write dwn their biggest wrk prblem. 52 Anther ne they answered was whether they envisined anything gd arising frm the difficult wrk situatin—a measure f resilience, which meant the ability t becme strng and happy again after tughness. Thse wh fund psitive meaning in dreams reprted higher levels f awe. 53
In the secnd study, participants wh recalled a dream likewise reprted its psitive r negative meaning, and then wrte descriptins f the dream and what they tk t be its causes and meaning. After wrk they answered questins abut their resilience and prgress n the day’s tasks. 54 The third study tracked similar measures amng emplyees wh participated daily fr tw weeks, and it lked at hw naturally curius each persn was. It fund similar results abut awe and shwed that it raised resilience and prductivity far mre in the naturally curius.
55 Awe can help peple deal mre effectively with challenges and prgress tward gals. “Our research reveals hw awe can be brught abut at a time that has a critical impact n daily wrk utcmes,” the researchers write. “Emplyees culd use dream jurnals and simple practices t ‘guide’ their nighttime visins, thus increasing their dds f having meaningful, awe-inspiring dreams.”
A．A psitive dream brings a sense f sudden insight, giving rise t awe.
B．The increased awe was als prved t be assciated with greater resilience.
C．In fact, dreaming may help imprve prblem-slving skills in daily rutine.
D．Here, t, gd dreams bsted awe and resilience, fueling prgress n wrk gals.
E．Researchers acknwledge that dreams may invlve cntent related t waking experiences.
F．It finds that remembering a gd dream can help peple make prgress in the day’s tasks.
G．They then answered the questin abut whether they thught the dream was psitive r negative.
（2024·北京东城·二模）Scrates, Galile, Marie Curie, Einstein ... What did these great thinkers have in cmmn? They all practiced deliberate dubt and used it as a tl t imprve their thinking and generate creative ideas.
56 It is abut suspending ur certainty and letting g f ur precnceived (先入为主的) ntins in rder t explre new ideas and perspectives. When we’re certain f smething, we tend t stp lking fr alternative explanatins r pssibilities. 57 Dubt can, f curse, be unsettling, but it can als result in a greater understanding f a subject and inspire fresh thughts and insights.
58 But it desn’t mean we shuld use it all the time. While deliberate dubt can be a valuable tl fr generating creative ideas and explring cmplex prblems, it can als be cunterprductive if it is nt practiced in the right way.
It’s imprtant t keep in mind that deliberate dubt is nt cnstant dubt. If we’re cntinuusly dubting ur wn ideas, we’ll be less likely t pursue them and see them thrugh t cmpletin. 59 We spend s much time dubting everything and end up nt ding anything.
60 We can becme self-critical and unsure f ur abilities, which can undermine ur self-esteem. As a result, we may be t afraid t try new things r take risks.
T avid these traps, it’s imprtant t strike a balance between dubt and certainty, and t use dubt as a tl t stimulate creative thinking and explratin, rather than as a means f undermining urselves r thers.
A．Deliberate dubt can als lead t a lack f cnfidence.
B．But when we dubt, we’re frced t cnsider ther perspectives.
C．In this case, deliberate dubt can prevent us frm making decisins.
D．When practiced all the time, deliberate dubt can lead t a different belief.
E．By turning dubt int a deliberate prcess, we pen urselves t new pssibilities.
F．Deliberate dubt is the practice f actively questining ur beliefs and assumptins.
G．Deliberate dubt can help us t develp a mre pen-minded apprach t the wrld.
（2024·北京西城·二模）Want t write better? There’s a new bk that says simple writing is best.
D yu check yur text messages befre sending? 61 If nt, yu might prefer getting things dne fast, even if they’re nt perfect.
This bk argues that it’s imprtant t write carefully, even fr quick messages. Tdd Rgers and Jessica Lasky Fink, frm Harvard, wrte “Writing Fr Busy Readers”. It’s smartly named because everyne’s busy tday. Peple get lts f messages every day, frm emails t texts. 62 Deciding what t read, skim, r ignre happens many times a day fr almst everyne.
The authrs share gd writing tips, like cutting unnecessary wrds and using simple wrds everyne knws. They say it’s imprtant t keep sentences simple. They tested the idea that less is mre. Fr example, they sent an email t thusands f schl-bard members asking them t take a survey. They made the email shrter, frm 127 t 49 wrds, and gt duble the respnses (frm 2.7% t 4.8%). 63
The same is true fr text messages. In anther test, they sent a shrt message asking parents t take a survey. It gt mre respnses than a lnger, mre sympathetic ne. Smetimes, being shrt and clear wrks better than being kind but ignred. It’s nt just what yu say, but hw quickly yu say it that matters.
It’s nt just abut wrd cunt. 64 Reducing the number f ptins has the same effect. Shrt, active sentences with cmmn wrds are best.
Frm psts t nline reviews, fllwing these rules gets mre likes and shares. Serius writers shuld pay attentin t. A study fund that cmpanies using lng sentences and cmplicated wrds were seen as less mral and trustwrthy.
65 It might be tempting t send messages quickly and hpe fr the best. But taking time t write fr yur readers has benefits. If yu send a rushed message that readers ignre, it’s like yu didn’t send it at all.
A．If everyne is a busy reader, everyne is a busy writer t.
B．They can als get puzzled by scial media platfrms.
C．If yu d, yu prbably like making even the simplest messages perfect.
D．They fund that lnger messages make peple think the task will take lnger.
E．Keeping messages t ne idea, r as few as pssible, helps make sure they’re read, remembered, and acted n.
F．Yur gal is t cnvey enugh passin that yur readers think the issue in yur message is wrth caring abut.
G．Explaining the thinking behind yur messages will allw readers t see that yu knw what yu’re talking abut.
（2024·北京通州·模拟预测）Befre yu head ut t a fun event where there will be many peple, yu shuld be aware f the dangers f a crwd crush (拥挤的人群), whse pssibility adds up during the festivals r n sme celebrating ccasins.
Thugh the risk f crwd crush is rare, it can be deadly when it happens. Crwd crush ccurs when many peple are packed tgether and begin t fall ver ne anther. In the past, such instances have caused hrrible injury and even death. 66
Befre attending a crwded event, lk up a map f the venue. 67 Once yu arrive, chsing the right spt can be crucial. Avid the middle r frnt; instead, pick the back r edges f a crwd. It s als imprtant t trust yur feelings. Stay aware t see if yu feel packed in at any pint. The mre crwded the event becmes, the sner yu may need t mve t a safe place.
68 The mst imprtant thing yu can d is stay n yur feet. T d this, spread yur feet apart and bend yur knees a little. Als make sure t mve with the flw f the crwd. Trying t mve against a crwd f peple will nly end in disaster.
Helping thers is anther great way t keep everyne safe. Once ne persn falls dwn, mre peple tend t fall ver them. 69
A cmmn cause f death in a crwd crush isn’t being crushed but rather lsing air. It’s best t hld ut yur arms in frnt f yur chest. 70 It als prtects yur chest and lungs frm being crushed n the grund shuld yu fall.
There is usually fun where the crwds are, s enjy yurself. But meanwhile, it is als imprtant t remember t stay alert and take care f yur family members when yu sense the smell f danger.
A．If yu d end up in a crush, here’s hw yu can stay safe.
B．This allws space between yu and the persn in frnt f yu.
C．S if yur neighbr in the crwd falls t the grund, help them up.
D．Seeking fr a safer place takes sme time and is smetimes challenging.
E．T avid such an utcme, it’s best t escape the crush befre it happens.
F．The shrtage f air means less xygen, which will lead t serius cnsequences.
G．This will give yu an idea f the surrundings—pay special attentin t any exits.
（2024·北京大兴·三模）The nly wrds yu need t say after receiving a cmpliment (赞美) are “thank yu”. But yu knw that's easier said than dne.
There are many reasns why yu have a hard time accepting cmpliments. 71 It's a three step prcess. First, believe what peple tell yu. If yu're still having a hard time taking the cmpliment, duble check. And if it's still hard t accept then yu'll have t check yurself.
72 Fr example, if yu're six feet tall and I say, “Ww, yu're tall! ” I'm being hnest. I'm five ft nine, s plenty f peple are tall cmpared t me. I'm expressing that subjectively, frm my shrter vantage pint, yu are tall. I'm nt saying everyne wuld agree with me. Just like if I say City f Gd is a great mvie, I'm nt saying yu have t think it's a great mvie.
Yu have t listen carefully t cmpliments. It's nt always bvius if yu're being cmplimented fr smething nly thers can bserve. If yu are five ft six inches tall, and weigh seventy punds, I wuld say yu are slim. But if yu are cmparing yurself t smene wh is shrter, and weighs five punds less than yu, yu might call yurself plump. In this extreme example, the utside perspective is mre accurate than the internal ne. 73
If yu're still struggling t accept a cmpliment, yu dn't just have t take smene at their wrd. It can be hard t accept an pinin when it's the ppsite f yurs, s call in reinfrcements. Ask smene else what they think. 74 Yu can ask tw r three r fur mre peple if tw isn't enugh.
75 If yu mislead r lie t peple abut yur pinins, then it's nt surprising that yu have a hard time trusting that peple's cmpliments are genuine. Be mre hnest with peple arund yu, and yu'll find it much easier t believe what peple say abut yu.
A．They will be the tie breaker.
B．Yu can check with smene else instead.
C．The causes are cmplicated but the path t accepting cmpliments is simpler.
D．Hw hnest are yu with yur friends and family when they ask fr yur pinin?
E．When smene is trying t pay yu a cmpliment, they are speaking subjectively.
F．When smene pays yu a cmpliment, they are speaking abut smething that is bservable.
G．Similarly, when I call yu smart r funny, I'm cmmenting based n my definitin f smart r funny, that's hw I see yu.
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）Having a shy style isn’t necessarily a prblem. 76 But shyness blcks sme peple frm being as cmfrtable r sciable as they’d like t be. Sme peple want t feel less shy s they can have mre fun scializing and being themselves arund thers. Here are sme tips fr vercming shy feelings.
77
Practice scial behavirs like eye cntact, cnfident bdy language, intrductins, small talk, asking questins, and invitatins with the peple yu feel mst cmfrtable arund. Smile. Build yur cnfidence this way. Then branch ut t d this with new friends, t.
Think f sme cnversatin starters.
Often, the hardest part f talking t smene new is getting started. Think f cnversatin peners, like intrducing yurself, giving a cmpliment, r asking a questin. 78
Give yurself a chance.
Give yurself a chance t practice scializing with new peple, and get t knw them slwly. Peple wh are shy ften wrry abut failing r hw thers will judge them. 79 If self-criticism plays a rle fr yu, ask yurself whether yu’d be this critical f yur best friend. Chances are yu’d be much mre accepting. S treat yurself like yur wn best friend. Encurage yurself instead f expecting t fail.
Develp yur cnfidence.
Because shy peple can be verly cncerned with ther peple’s reactins, they dn’t want t rck the bat. It can mean they are less likely t be cnfident. Being cnfident means speaking up fr yurself when yu shuld, asking fr what yu want r need, r telling ther peple when they’re stepping n yur tes.
Mst f all, be yurself. It’s OK t try ut different cnversatinal appraches yu see thers using. 80 Being the real yu — and daring t let yurself be nticed — is what attracts friends.
A．But say and d what fits yur style.
B．Write dwn what yu want t say befrehand.
C．Start small with peple yu knw.
D．Wrries and feelings like these can keep yu frm trying.
E．It’s perfectly OK t take time t warm up t new peple and situatins.
F．Find grup activities where yu can be with peple wh share yur interests.
G．Being ready with a cnversatin starter makes it easier t apprach smene.
（2024·北京丰台·二模）At the end f the day, mst f us find urselves n the cuch, eyes glued t the televisin r t ur smartphnes, ding everything we can t cnserve energy. 81 But are we hardwired (本能的) fr it?
Accrding t Michael Inzlicht, a scial psychlgist at the University f Trnt, we’re lazy and als, we’re nt.
All humans, given equal ptins, will take the easy way ut. Des it mean we’re lazy? Maybe. 82 We always minimize ur effrt and, at the same time, maximize the amunt f reward we get fr that effrt. A study published in the jurnal Neurpsychlgia fund that ur brains may be hardwired fr laziness. Even thugh we knw the benefits f exercise, we stay glued t the cuch.
83 We can’t knw fr sure whether there is an evlutinary (进化的) purpse t it. But that wuld make sense. After all, befre we were able t g t the grcery stre, calries were much mre directly linked t effrt. Every calrie we burned meant mre hunting, fishing, r gathering.
But there are the times when humans are the ppsite f lazy and d very difficult things fr n apparent reasn. Sme rewards nly cme frm extensive effrt. 84 Running this far might even cause mre harm than gd in terms f running injuries like stress fractures, back pain and s n. But we d it anyway because putting in the effrt makes us feel gd, says Inzlicht. 85
S, in that sense, effrt is wrth the effrt. While humans are ecnmically aware f effrt mst f the time, “in sme cases, the effrt itself is rewarding,” says Inzlicht.
A．Think abut things like running a marathn.
B．It’s nt cmpletely clear why humans behave this way.
C．It seems that we humans are gifted in the way f laziness.
D．We similarly lve t space ut, ur brain tired f fcusing.
E．But it certainly means that we’re ecnmic with ur effrt.
F．Sme peple wh appear t be lazy are suffering frm much mre serius prblems.
G．Likewise, we might get a sense f pleasure r mastery frm ding a crsswrd puzzle.
（2024·北京顺义·二模）When fighting sugar dependence, aviding added sugar in the diet is key, which sunds simple — right? It certainly des, but things becme a bit mre cmplicated nce we intrduce alternative sweeteners int the mix.
86 Many peple think that if they replace the sugar in their diet with alternative sweeteners, they’ll be gd t g, but this isn’t necessarily the case.
Alternative sweeteners are everywhere. 87 Fr example, Stevia is a ppular sugar substitute (代替者) because it is up t 200 times sweeter than sugar and prvides fewer calries. Mn k fruit is anther example that is free frm calries, sweeter than table sugar, and gained frm the juice f mnk fruit. 88 Sugar alchls prvide fewer calries than regular sugar because they are nt fully absrbed by the bdy.
Nw that we knw sme f the cmmn types f alternative sweeteners, let’s take a deeper dive int the prblem with them. Research in animals has shwn that remving calries frm fds that taste sweet can interrupt the ability t cntrl energy intake. 89 If we cnsume high amunts f alternative sweeteners, it may heighten ur preference fr sweetness, resulting in the veruse f sugar-sweetened fds and drinks.
The ther interesting thing abut alternative sweeteners is that ur brains dn’t recgnize them as “fake (假的)” sugar. 90 Whenever a fd tastes sweet, a message is sent t the brain that cmmunicates we are tasting a sweet fd — which can further feed int the sugar dependence cycle.
S what d I recmmend? In rder t fully put a definite end t sugar dependence, reducing yur intake f alternative sweeteners shuld be the gal.
A．The taste prfile f alternative sweeteners varies.
B．We can’t frget abut the ever-s-ppular sugar alchls.
C．There are cuntless alternative sweeteners n the market.
D．Our brain senses smething sweet and thinks it is real sugar.
E．They may help reduce the calrie cntent f gd-tasting fds and drinks.
F．Artificial sweeteners may als cause ne’s bdy t prefer sweeter-tasting fds.
G．Alternative sweeteners are referred t as “lw-calrie” r “n-calrie” sweeteners.
（2024·北京东城·一模）Tday, what we have, is an always-in-yur-pcket, 24/7 news cycle. When yu pen a news app, yu’ll ntice a brief mment when the “ld news” is still there. In a flash, the ancient histry f a few hurs ag is swept away fr the next “breaking news”. 91 It’s endless, but yu had better keep up.
Researchers intrduce this wrld t the phrase, “nise bttleneck”. A nise bttleneck is where we are verwhelmed with s much infrmatin r nise that ur cgnitive (认知的) abilities can’t keep up. 92 Thus, while ur attentin can watch hurs f vides, ur lng-term learning prcesses can’t.
93 We watch TV hlding ur phnes, and we listen t music while shpping. Hwever, the human brain might have structural limitatin rted in the cgnitive architecture which causes the slwing dwn that ccurs when tw tasks are perfrmed at the same time.
In shrt, yur brain is nt as gd as yu think it is. Yu are a human being wh can nly take in s much a day. Understanding the nise bttleneck allws us t fix it. S, here are three tips t get yu ging:
Clear yur cntent-set up a new accunt n scial media and fllw nly accunts r peple that yu think are really valuable.
Single-task — yu dn’t need t rid the phne but d rid the distractins. 94 Say, “I will nly read this magazine after dinner.” Multitasking is fr shw; single-tasking is fr prs.
Accept yur limits — yu’ll never read all the news. Accept yu can nly chse tw r three and embrace that fact. 95 Yu’re getting mre ut f thse few than that “super-prductive” persn n scial media wh says they read five bks a week. After all, it’s better t have a little remembered than a lt frgtten.
A．Give yurself a time limit r restrictin if it helps.
B．Dn’t beat yurself up that yu’re being unprductive.
C．Every secnd, yu are presented with new infrmatin.
D．Breaking thrugh the nise bttleneck is a legendary idea.
E．The matter is made wrse by ur mdern addictin t multitasking.
F．Multitasking has dramatically changed the way we use infrmatin.
G．Our brains have limited resurces, spread acrss numerus functins.
（2024·北京西城·一模）Mst f us are actually terrible at giving gifts. Abut $70 billin wrth f presents are returned every year in the U. S. 96 Here are three ways t imprve yur gift-giving game arund the hlidays.
Stp trying t make yur gifts s delightful. 97 We want smething frm giving: thse lks f delight. Thse exclamatins. This is why items like hyper-specific kitchen gadgets and fancy vintage clcks all seem like fantastic gifts. But it turns ut, recipients ften want things that are far mre practical — things they can actually use.
98 Just give peple what they ask fr. A study lked at Amazn wish lists t determine if peple were mre appreciative f gifts frm the list versus gifts that were ttal surprises. It turned ut that peple wh gt gifts that weren’t n their list cnsidered them as less thughtful and less persnal. 99
Hw can we create a gift-giving plan that is as emtinal as we desire? Humans lve t feel cnnected. And ne way we d that is by sharing interests with thers. S if yu want t learn hw t give better gifts, put yurself in the recipient’s shes and try t think f smething yu bth share. Maybe it’s the lve fr a sprt, drinking wine, r sme ther hbby. 100 And because yu picked smething yu share, they will feel mre cnnected t yu and appreciate yur gift mre.
A．S hw d we get less terrible?
B．Surprise is verrated — we’re happier t get what we ask fr.
C．S what's the mst practical gift yu can give that peple might actually be grateful fr?
D．The lng-term pleasure f the receiver may nt be bserved and therefre is discunted.
E．Once yu’ve fund a shared interest, g and find a useful gift related t this interest.
F．What recipients care abut is hw much value they’re ging t get frm the gift ver a lnger time perid.
G．Research has shwn that givers are cnsumed by the mment f unwrapping a gift even mre than the gift itself.