高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷17 纯空格 冠词、介词、代词、连词的功能判断 导学案含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷17 纯空格 冠词、介词、代词、连词的功能判断 导学案含答案，共13页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
语法填空中，纯空格题（无提示词）通常考查四类词：冠词、介词、代词、连词。解题时需根据空格在句中的位置、前后词的搭配以及逻辑关系来判断。近三年高考真题中，纯空格题约占语法填空总题数的40%，主要考查基本功能而非特殊用法。
一、冠词 (a/an/the)
解题关键： 看名词是否可数、单复数、是否特指、是否有修饰语、是否固定搭配。
二、介词 (in/n/at/fr/f/abut/with/withut/by/frm...)
解题关键： 注意固定搭配（动词+介词、形容词+介词、名词+介词）和上下文的语义逻辑。
三、代词 (人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词、it的用法)
解题关键： 指代一致（性别、单复数），在句中的成分（主/宾/所有格），固定句型（it ）。
四、连词 (并列连词和从属连词)
解题关键： 分析前后句的逻辑关系（因果、转折、并列、条件、让步、时间、目的等）；从句类型（名词性从句看成分，状语从句看意义）。
五、解题三步法
① 分析句子结构：确定缺什么成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语，还是连接两个句子）。
② 判断词类：根据缺失的功能确定可能需要的词类（冠/介/代/连）。
③ 结合语境和搭配：选择符合语义和固定搭配的具体词。
题型：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词（每空一词）。
专项突破·语法填空
Passage 1 (主题：屠呦呦的故事)
Tu Yuyu is 1.________ well-knwn Chinese scientist. She was brn 2.________ Ningb, Zhejiang Prvince, in 1930. 3.________ 1951, she was admitted t Peking University, 4.________ she studied pharmacy. After graduatin, she devted herself 5.________ traditinal Chinese medicine research. In 1969, she became head f 6.________ prject t find a cure fr malaria. Her team examined ver 2,000 ancient Chinese medical texts. Finally, 7.________ tk them 191 experiments t successfully extract artemisinin. 8.________ discvery earned her the Nbel Prize in Physilgy r Medicine in 2015. She is the first Chinese wman 9.________ win a Nbel Prize. Her stry shws that perseverance and dedicatin lead 10.________ great achievements.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
Passage 2 (主题：线上学习的利弊)
Online learning has becme increasingly ppular. 11.________ ffers flexibility that traditinal classrms cannt prvide. Students can learn at 12.________ wn pace and schedule. 13.________, it als has challenges. Fr example, sme students struggle with self-discipline 14.________ they have n teacher watching them. 15.________ is imprtant fr learners t set a rutine. Many platfrms prvide interactive tls 16.________ make learning engaging. 17.________ additin, students can access resurces frm all ver 18.________ wrld. Hwever, nt everyne has reliable internet access, 19.________ creates inequality. Despite these issues, nline educatin will likely cntinue t grw 20.________ the future.
11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________ 15.________ 16.________ 17.________ 18.________ 19.________ 20.________
Passage 3 (主题：一次难忘的旅行)
Last summer, I went n 21.________ unfrgettable trip t Zhangjiajie. The scenery there is abslutely breathtaking. 22.________ first day, we visited the famus Avatar Muntain. 23.________ tk us abut tw hurs t hike t the tp. 24.________ the way, we saw many mnkeys playing 25.________ the trees. The view frm the tp was wrth 26.________ effrt. We stayed there fr three days, and 27.________ day we discvered smething new. On 28.________ last day, we tk a bat ride n Bafeng Lake. 29.________ water was s clear that we culd see the fish swimming. I will never frget 30.________ beautiful experience.
21.________ 22.________ 23.________ 24.________ 25.________ 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________
Passage 4 (主题：健康的生活方式)
Staying healthy requires mre than just exercise. 31.________ is essential t eat a balanced diet. Make sure t include plenty f fruits and vegetables 32.________ yur meals. 33.________, drinking enugh water is crucial. Many peple dn't realize 34.________ imprtant sleep is fr verall health. Adults need seven t nine hurs 35.________ sleep per night. 36.________ yu dn't get enugh rest, yur immune system weakens. Stress is 37.________ anther factr that affects health. Find healthy ways t relax, such as reading 38.________ listening t music. Remember, small changes can lead 39.________ big imprvements. 40.________ all, cnsistency is key.
31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________ 36.________ 37.________ 38.________ 39.________ 40.________
Passage 5 (主题：人工智能的发展)
Artificial intelligence is rapidly changing ur wrld. 41.________, nt everyne understands what AI really is. In simple terms, AI refers 42.________ machines that can perfrm tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include learning, reasning, and prblem-slving. 43.________ example, AI pwers virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa. 44.________ are als used in healthcare t diagnse diseases. Hwever, sme peple wrry 45.________ AI might replace human jbs. While 46.________ is true that sme jbs will disappear, new nes will als be created. 47.________ key is t adapt and learn new skills. Gvernments and cmpanies must wrk tgether 48.________ ensure that AI benefits everyne. 49.________ we apprach this technlgy wisely, it can greatly imprve ur lives. The future 50.________ AI is full f pssibilities.
41.________ 42.________ 43.________ 44.________ 45.________ 46.________ 47.________ 48.________ 49.________ 50.________
Passage 6 (主题：环境保护)
Envirnmental prtectin is ne f the biggest challenges 51.________ ur time. Climate change, pllutin, and lss f bidiversity threaten 52.________ planet. Many cuntries have taken steps t address these issues. 53.________ instance, the Paris Agreement aims t limit glbal warming. Individuals can als make 54.________ difference. Simple actins like recycling, reducing energy cnsumptin, and using public transprtatin all help. 55.________, we need cllective actin t create lasting change. It's imprtant 56.________ educate yung peple abut envirnmental issues. 57.________ they are the nes wh will inherit the earth. Gvernments shuld invest 58.________ renewable energy surces such as slar and wind pwer. 59.________ everyne des their part, we can build a mre sustainable future. The time t act is nw, nt 60.________ later.
51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
? 参考答案与解析（含词类分析）
Passage 1
1. a —— 泛指“一位著名的科学家”，well-knwn以辅音音素开头，用a。
2. in —— 地点介词，宁波是大地点，用in。
3. In —— 年份前用in。
4. where —— 定语从句，先行词Peking University，从句缺地点状语，用where。
5. t —— 固定搭配 devte neself t (致力于)，t为介词。
6. a —— 泛指“一个项目”，prject以辅音开头，用a。
7. it —— 固定句型 it takes sb time t d sth。
8. The —— 特指前面提到的青蒿素的发现，用the。
9. t —— 不定式作定语，修饰the first Chinese wman (序数词后常用不定式)。
10. t —— 固定搭配 lead t (导致)。
Passage 2
11. It —— 指代Online learning，用it。
12. their —— 指代students，形容词性物主代词。
13. Hwever —— 前后转折，用hwever（注意首字母大写）。
14. because —— 因果关系，解释原因。
15. It —— 形式主语，真正主语是t set a rutine。
16. that/which —— 定语从句，先行词tls，关系词作主语。
17. In —— 固定搭配 in additin (此外)。
18. the —— 固定搭配 all ver the wrld (全世界)。
19. which —— 非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，用which。
20. in —— 固定搭配 in the future (在未来)。
Passage 3
21. an —— 泛指，unfrgettable以元音音素开头，用an。
22. On —— 具体某一天用n，On the first day。
23. It —— 固定句型 It tk us time t d。
24. On —— 固定搭配 n the way (在路上)。
25. in —— 在树上（外来物用in the tree）。
26. the —— 特指前面的努力，the effrt。
27. each/every —— 每天，each day 或 every day。
28. the —— 特指最后一天，the last day。
29. The —— 特指湖里的水。
30. this/that —— 指代这次经历，用this/that均可。
Passage 4
31. It —— 形式主语，真正主语是t eat a balanced diet。
32. in —— 在餐中，in yur meals。
33. Als/Mrever —— 递进关系。
34. hw —— 宾语从句，hw imprtant (多么重要)。
35. f —— 所属关系，hurs f sleep。
36. If/When —— 条件或时间状语从句。
37. yet/even —— 强调“另一个”，yet anther 或 even anther。
38. r —— 选择关系。
39. t —— lead t 导致。
40. Abve —— abve all (最重要的是)。
Passage 5
41. Hwever —— 转折，前文说AI改变世界，后文说不是所有人都理解。
42. t —— refer t 指的是。
43. Fr —— fr example 例如。
44. They —— 指代AI systems。
45. that —— 宾语从句，wrry that。
46. it —— 形式主语，true that...。
47. The —— 特指关键因素，the key。
48. t —— 不定式表目的，wrk tgether t ensure。
49. If —— 条件状语从句。
50. f —— 所属关系，the future f AI。
Passage 6
51. f —— 所属，challenges f ur time。
52. the —— 特指地球，the planet。
53. Fr —— fr instance 例如。
54. a —— make a difference 有影响。
55. Hwever —— 转折，个人行动重要，但集体行动更关键。
56. t —— 不定式作主语，It's imprtant t educate。
57. Because/As/Since —— 原因状语从句。
58. in —— invest in 投资于。
59. If —— 条件状语从句。
60. much —— nt much later (不久以后)，也可填t但不太合适，填much表示“不是很久以后”。
教学使用建议： 建议学生先通读全文把握大意，再逐句分析结构，确定空格的功能（缺主语/宾语/定语/状语/连接词等）。重点关注固定搭配和上下文逻辑关系，积累常见介词短语和连词用法。教师可引导学生总结每篇中的考点分布，强化纯空格题的解题思维。
冠词
基本用法
常见考点
不定冠词 a/an
泛指“一个”，初次提及，表示类别
a + 辅音音素开头的词；an + 元音音素开头的词；固定搭配（a lt f, as a result）
定冠词 the
特指，双方都知道，上文提及，独一无二，序数词/最高级前
the same, the nly, play the pian, by the way
零冠词
复数名词表泛指，抽象名词/物质名词表泛指，季节/月份/星期/节假日，球类/三餐/学科
at nn, in spring, g t schl, have breakfast
介词
主要用法
常见考点
时间介词
in (年/月/季节), n (具体某天/星期), at (时刻), fr (持续), since (自从), by (截止), during (在…期间)
in 2024, n Mnday, at 5 'clck, fr tw hurs
地点介词
in (大地点), at (小地点/点), n (表面), abve/belw, ver/under, between/amng
in China, at the bus stp, n the table
方式介词
by (通过某种方式), with (用具体工具), in (用某种语言)
by bus, with a pen, in English
其他介词
f (所属), fr (目的/对象), abut (关于), frm (来自), with (伴随), withut (没有)
a friend f mine, gd fr health, differ frm
代词类型
功能
常见考点
人称代词
主格作主语，宾格作宾语
I, yu, he, she, it, we, they (主格); me, yu, him, her, it, us, them (宾格)
物主代词
形容词性物主代词+名词；名词性物主代词单独使用
my/mine, yur/yurs, his/his, her/hers, its/its, ur/urs, their/theirs
反身代词
强调或表示动作回到主语
myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves
指示代词
this/that (单数), these/thse (复数)
This is my bk. Thse are her pens.
不定代词
sme, any, n, nne, all, bth, either, neither, each, every, ther, anther, much, many, few, little, etc.
sme用于肯定，any用于否定/疑问；两者用bth/either/neither，三者以上用all/any/nne
it
指代物、时间、距离、天气，作形式主语/宾语，用于强调句型
It's raining. It takes time. I find it easy.
连词类型
功能
常见词
并列连词
连接并列的词、短语或句子
and (顺承), but/yet (转折), r (选择/否则), s (因果), fr (原因), while (对比)
从属连词
引导名词性从句/状语从句
that, whether/if, because, since, as, althugh, thugh, when, while, as sn as, until, unless, s that, in rder that, ,