高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷18 词性转换：-tion, -al, -ive, -ly等后缀及否定前缀高频 导学案含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷18 词性转换：-tion, -al, -ive, -ly等后缀及否定前缀高频 导学案含答案，共11页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
词性转换是语法填空和短文改错中的必考点，主要考查通过添加后缀改变词性（如名词、形容词、副词）以及通过前缀改变词义（特别是否定前缀）。近三年真题显示，高频后缀包括：-tin/-sin（名词）、-al（形容词）、-ive（形容词）、-ly（副词）；否定前缀包括：un-, in-/im-/il-/ir-, dis-, nn-等。掌握常见转换规则和拼写变化是解题关键。
一、常见后缀及功能
二、常见否定前缀
三、解题三步法
① 确定句子所需词性：分析空格在句中的成分（主语/宾语/表语→名词；定语/表语→形容词；状语→副词；谓语→动词）。
② 根据所给词进行转换：添加适当后缀变为所需词性，注意拼写变化（如-y结尾变i加ness等）。
③ 检查语义是否通顺：根据上下文判断是否需要加否定前缀使句意合理。
专项突破·词性转换
Passage 1 (主题：人工智能的利弊)
Artificial intelligence has becme a tpic f great 1.________ (imprtant) in recent years. Many cmpanies are making 2.________ (invest) in AI research. The 3.________ (develp) f self-driving cars is ne 4.________ (impress) example. Hwever, there are als 5.________ (wrry) abut jb lsses. Sme peple believe that AI will bring 6.________ (cnvenient) t ur daily lives, while thers argue that it may be 7.________ (harm) t privacy. It is 8.________ (dubt) that AI will change the wrld in ways we cannt fully predict. T ensure a 9.________ (sustain) future, we need 10.________ (care) planning and internatinal cperatin.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________
Passage 2 (主题：环保行动)
Envirnmental 11.________ (prtect) is a shared respnsibility. Many cuntries have taken 12.________ (effect) measures t reduce pllutin. Fr instance, the use f plastic bags has been 13.________ (legal) in sme regins. 14.________ (recycle) prgrams are becming mre cmmn. Hwever, sme peple remain 15.________ (aware) f the urgency. It is 16.________ (necessary) t educate the public abut the 17.________ (imprtant) f cnservatin. Small actins, like turning ff lights when nt in use, can make a big 18.________ (different). Gvernments shuld als invest in 19.________ (renew) energy surces. Only thrugh 20.________ (cntinue) effrts can we prtect ur planet.
11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________ 15.________ 16.________ 17.________ 18.________ 19.________ 20.________
Passage 3 (主题：健康生活)
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle requires 21.________ (cmmit) and discipline. Regular exercise is 22.________ (benefit) fr bth physical and mental health. It helps reduce stress and imprve 23.________ (sleep) quality. A 24.________ (balance) diet is equally imprtant. Eating plenty f fruits and vegetables prvides 25.________ (essence) nutrients. 26.________ (frtunate), many peple ignre these basics due t busy schedules. Lng hurs f sitting can be 27.________ (harm) t health, s it's advisable t take 28.________ (frequent) breaks. Remember, even small changes can lead t 29.________ (significance) imprvements ver time. Yur health is yur mst 30.________ (value) asset.
21.________ 22.________ 23.________ 24.________ 25.________ 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________
Passage 4 (主题：教育公平)
Access t quality educatin is a 31.________ (fundament) right. Hwever, in many parts f the wrld, children face 32.________ (equal) pprtunities. Pverty and 33.________ (gegraph) lcatin are majr barriers. 34.________ (frtune), sme rganizatins are wrking t bridge this gap. They prvide 35.________ (affrd) learning materials and 36.________ (schlar) t disadvantaged students. Technlgy als plays a 37.________ (help) rle by ffering nline curses. But there is still a lng way t g. 38.________ (educate) refrm is needed t ensure that every child has a 39.________ (hpe) future. It is ur 40.________ (cllect) respnsibility t make educatin accessible t all.
31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________ 36.________ 37.________ 38.________ 39.________ 40.________
Passage 5 (主题：科技创新)
The 41.________ (invent) f the smartphne has revlutinized cmmunicatin. These devices are 42.________ (incredible) pwerful and versatile. They allw us t access 43.________ (infrm) instantly and stay cnnected with thers. Hwever, 44.________ (excess) use can lead t addictin. Many peple feel 45.________ (anxiety) when separated frm their phnes. 46.________ (research) are studying the effects f screen time n mental health. Sme suggest taking regular 47.________ (digital) detxes t maintain a healthy balance. The key is t use technlgy in a 48.________ (meaning) way, rather than letting it cntrl ur lives. 49.________ (wise) use f technlgy can enhance ur prductivity and 50.________ (create).
41.________ 42.________ 43.________ 44.________ 45.________ 46.________ 47.________ 48.________ 49.________ 50.________
Passage 6 (主题：文化多样性)
Cultural diversity is ne f humanity's greatest 51.________ (rich). It makes ur wrld mre 52.________ (clr) and interesting. Each culture has its wn unique traditins, languages, and 53.________ (believe). Learning abut ther cultures fsters 54.________ (understand) and respect. In tday's glbalized wrld, 55.________ (culture) exchange is mre cmmn than ever. Hwever, sme cultures are at risk f 56.________ (appear) due t glbalizatin. It is 57.________ (essence) t preserve cultural heritage fr future generatins. Gvernments and rganizatins shuld take 58.________ (act) t prtect 59.________ (endanger) cultures. By valuing diversity, we can build a mre 60.________ (peace) and inclusive wrld.
51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________ 55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________
? 参考答案与解析（含词性分析）
Passage 1
1. imprtance —— 介词f后需用名词，imprtant的名词形式。
2. investments —— make investments 进行投资，invest的名词复数。
3. develpment —— 作主语，用名词形式。
4. impressive —— 修饰example，用形容词。
5. wrries —— 作there be的主语，用名词复数（担心的事情）。
6. cnvenience —— 作bring的宾语，用名词。
7. harmful —— 作表语，be harmful t 对…有害。
8. undubted —— 修饰that从句，It is undubted that... 毫无疑问。
9. sustainable —— 修饰future，用形容词。
10. careful —— 修饰planning，用形容词。
Passage 2
11. prtectin —— 名词作主语，envirnmental prtectin 环境保护。
12. effective —— 修饰measures，用形容词。
13. illegal —— 根据语境，应该是“非法的”，legal加否定前缀il-。
14. Recycling —— 名词作定语，recycling prgrams 回收项目。
15. unaware —— 系动词remain后接形容词，根据句意“没有意识到”，加否定前缀un-。
16. necessary —— It is necessary t d 做…是必要的。
17. imprtance —— the imprtance f ...的重要性。
18. difference —— make a difference 有影响。
19. renewable —— renewable energy 可再生能源。
20. cntinuus —— 修饰effrts，用形容词。
Passage 3
21. cmmitment —— 介词后需用名词，cmmitment t sth.
22. beneficial —— be beneficial t 对…有益。
23. sleep —— 名词作定语，sleep quality 睡眠质量。sleep本身可作名词。
24. balanced —— balanced diet 均衡饮食。
25. essential —— 修饰nutrients，用形容词。
26. Unfrtunately —— 副词修饰整个句子，表示“不幸的是”。
27. harmful —— be harmful t 对…有害。
28. frequent —— 修饰breaks，用形容词。
29. significant —— 修饰imprvements，用形容词。
30. valuable —— 修饰asset，用形容词。
Passage 4
31. fundamental —— 修饰right，用形容词。
32. unequal —— 修饰pprtunities，用形容词，否定前缀un-表示“不平等的”。
33. gegraphical —— 修饰lcatin，用形容词。
34. Frtunately —— 副词修饰整个句子，表示“幸运的是”。
35. affrdable —— 修饰learning materials，用形容词。
36. schlarships —— 名词，奖学金，与materials并列。
37. helpful —— 修饰rle，用形容词。
38. Educatinal —— 修饰refrm，用形容词。
39. hpeful —— 修饰future，用形容词。
40. cllective —— 修饰respnsibility，用形容词。
Passage 5
41. inventin —— 名词作主语，the inventin f ...。
42. incredibly —— 修饰pwerful，用副词。
43. infrmatin —— 名词作宾语。
44. excessive —— 修饰use，用形容词。
45. anxius —— 系动词feel后接形容词。
46. Researchers —— 名词作主语，研究者。
47. digital —— 修饰detxes，用形容词。
48. meaningful —— 修饰way，用形容词。
49. Wise —— 修饰use，用形容词。
50. creativity —— 与prductivity并列，用名词。
Passage 6
51. riches —— 名词复数，表示“财富”。
52. clrful —— 形容词作宾补，make ur wrld mre clrful。
53. beliefs —— 名词复数，与traditins, languages并列。
54. understanding —— 名词作宾语。
55. cultural —— 修饰exchange，用形容词。
56. disappearing —— 介词f后需用名词或动名词，at risk f disappearing 面临消失的危险。
57. essential —— It is essential t d 做…是必要的。
58. actin —— take actin 采取行动。
59. endangered —— endangered cultures 濒危文化。
60. peaceful —— 修饰wrld，用形容词。
教学使用建议： 建议学生先判断空格所需词性，再根据所给词进行适当转换，注意拼写规则和否定前缀的运用。教师可引导学生总结常见后缀的规律，并积累高频派生词。通过本练习，强化词性转换的敏感度和准确性。
后缀
功能
例词
-tin / -sin
动词→名词
invent → inventin; decide → decisin
-ment
动词→名词
develp → develpment; achieve → achievement
-ness
形容词→名词
happy → happiness; kind → kindness
-ity / -ty
形容词→名词
able → ability; safe → safety
-al
名词→形容词
culture → cultural; nature → natural
-ive
动词→形容词
attract → attractive; create → creative
-us
名词→形容词
danger → dangerus; fame → famus
-ful / -less
名词→形容词
help → helpful / helpless; care → careful / careless
-able / -ible
动词→形容词
enjy → enjyable; access → accessible
-y
名词→形容词
sun → sunny; health → healthy
-ly
形容词→副词
quick → quickly; happy → happily
前缀
用法
例词
un-
加在形容词、分词前
happy → unhappy; expected → unexpected
in-
加在以字母开头的形容词前（im- befre b/m/p; il- befre l; ir- befre r）
crrect → incrrect; pssible → impssible; legal → illegal; regular → irregular
dis-
加在动词、形容词前
agree → disagree; hnest → dishnest
nn-
加在名词、形容词前
smker → nn-smker; prfit → nn-prfit
mis-
加在动词、名词前，表示错误
understand → misunderstand; frtune → misfrtune