高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷16 语法填空——提示词为动词 时态语态主谓一致 + 非谓语三步法 导学案含答案

这是一份高考英语 重难点专项突破练习卷16 语法填空——提示词为动词 时态语态主谓一致 + 非谓语三步法 导学案含答案，共13页。
核【核心知识·深度解读】
语法填空中，给出动词提示词是考查频率最高的类型，占比约60%。解题时需遵循“三步法”：第一步，确定所填词在句中的成分（谓语还是非谓语）；第二步，如果是谓语，确定时态、语态和主谓一致；如果是非谓语，确定其形式（ding/dne/t d）。近三年高考真题显示，谓语动词与非谓语的考查比例约为1:1，且常在同一语篇中交替出现。
一、谓语动词（时态、语态、主谓一致）
语态： 判断主语与动词的关系（主动/被动）。被动语态构成：be + 过去分词。注意不及物动词无被动。
主谓一致： 主语为单数/不可数名词，谓语用单数；主语为复数，谓语用复数。注意定语从句中的谓语与先行词一致，倒装句中谓语与后置主语一致。
二、非谓语动词（三步法）
非谓语解题关键： 1. 找逻辑主语（通常是句子主语或所修饰的名词）；2. 判断主被动；3. 判断与谓语的时间先后（一般/进行/完成）。
三、三步法实战流程
① 定成分：分析句子结构，看缺谓语还是非谓语。
② 定时态/形式：若谓语，根据时间状语和语境确定时态；若非谓语，根据与逻辑主语的关系和时间先后确定形式。
③ 定语态：判断主语与非谓语逻辑主语之间的主动/被动关系。
题型：阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
? 专项突破·语法填空
Passage 1 (主题：一次难忘的旅行)
Last summer, I 1.________ (decide) t visit my grandparents in the cuntryside. I 2.________ (nt see) them fr nearly tw years, s I was excited. On the mrning f my departure, my mther 3.________ (pack) sme hmemade ckies fr me t take alng. While I 4.________ (wait) fr the bus, I suddenly realized that I 5.________ (leave) my phne at hme. I 6.________ (cnsider) ging back, but the bus arrived. During the jurney, I 7.________ (strike) by the beautiful scenery utside the windw. When I finally 8.________ (arrive), my grandparents 9.________ (stand) at the gate, waving. I 10.________ (jump) ff the bus and ran t them. That week, I 11.________ (help) my grandfather with gardening, and my grandmther 12.________ (teach) me hw t bake bread. Every evening, we 13.________ (sit) n the prch and watched the sunset. I 14.________ (feel) a deep sense f peace. Befre I 15.________ (leave), my grandfather gave me a pcket knife that he 16.________ (use) fr decades. “This 17.________ (remind) yu f hme,” he said. Nw, whenever I 18.________ (lk) at it, I 19.________ (think) f thse precius days. I 20.________ (never frget) that summer.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________ 9.________ 10.________ 11.________ 12.________ 13.________ 14.________ 15.________ 16.________ 17.________ 18.________ 19.________ 20.________
Passage 2 (主题：人工智能的进步)
Artificial intelligence 21.________ (becme) an increasingly imprtant part f ur lives. In recent years, many cmpanies 22.________ (invest) heavily in AI research. One f the mst exciting develpments 23.________ (be) the creatin f self-driving cars. These vehicles 24.________ (equip) with sensrs and cameras that allw them 25.________ (navigate) rads withut human input. Hwever, challenges remain. Fr example, the sftware 26.________ (need) t be cnstantly updated t handle new situatins. Engineers 27.________ (wrk) arund the clck t imprve safety. By 2030, it 28.________ (estimate) that millins f self-driving cars 29.________ (hit) the rads. But befre that happens, regulatins 30.________ (must, establish) t ensure they are safe. Sme peple 31.________ (wrry) that autnmus vehicles 32.________ (cause) jb lsses in the transprtatin industry. Others believe that new jbs 33.________ (create) in related fields. Whatever the utcme, ne thing 34.________ (be) certain: AI 35.________ (cntinue) t transfrm ur wrld. As fr me, I 36.________ (lk) frward t the day when I can take a nap while my car 37.________ (drive) me t wrk.
21.________ 22.________ 23.________ 24.________ 25.________ 26.________ 27.________ 28.________ 29.________ 30.________ 31.________ 32.________ 33.________ 34.________ 35.________ 36.________ 37.________
（注：37题共17空，加上前20共37空，还需33空，下接语篇3）
Passage 3 (主题：海洋保护)
Plastic pllutin 38.________ (becme) ne f the mst serius envirnmental prblems. Every year, millins f tns f plastic waste 39.________ (dump) int the ceans. This 40.________ (harm) marine life and ecsystems. Sea turtles, fr instance, ften 41.________ (mistake) plastic bags fr jellyfish and die after 42.________ (swallw) them. T address this crisis, many cuntries 43.________ (take) actin in recent years. Sme 44.________ (ban) single-use plastics, while thers 45.________ (prmte) recycling. Hwever, mre needs 46.________ (d). Individuals can als play a rle by 47.________ (reduce) their plastic cnsumptin. Fr example, when 48.________ (shp), bring yur wn reusable bags. If we all 49.________ (make) an effrt, the situatin 50.________ (imprve). Scientists 51.________ (wrk) n bidegradable alternatives t plastic, and sme 52.________ (shw) prmise. But the best slutin is still 53.________ (use) less plastic in the first place. Let's all d ur part 54.________ (prtect) ur ceans.
38.________ 39.________ 40.________ 41.________ 42.________ 43.________ 44.________ 45.________ 46.________ 47.________ 48.________ 49.________ 50.________ 51.________ 52.________ 53.________ 54.________
Passage 4 (主题：健康生活)
Getting enugh sleep 55.________ (be) essential fr gd health. Adults 56.________ (recmmend) t sleep seven t nine hurs per night. Hwever, many peple 57.________ (struggle) t get enugh rest due t stress r screen time. When yu 58.________ (sleep), yur bdy 59.________ (repair) itself and yur brain 60.________ (prcess) infrmatin. Lack f sleep 61.________ (link) t varius health prblems, including heart disease and depressin. T imprve sleep quality, experts suggest 62.________ (establish) a regular bedtime rutine. Fr instance, avid 63.________ (use) electrnic devices befre bed, as the blue light 64.________ (interfere) with melatnin prductin. Instead, try 65.________ (read) a bk r 66.________ (take) a warm bath. If yu 67.________ (have) truble falling asleep, sme peple find that meditatin 68.________ (help). Remember, gd sleep 69.________ (nt happen) by accident; it requires effrt. S tnight, put away yur phne and 70.________ (give) yurself the rest yu deserve.
55.________ 56.________ 57.________ 58.________ 59.________ 60.________ 61.________ 62.________ 63.________ 64.________ 65.________ 66.________ 67.________ 68.________ 69.________ 70.________
参考答案与解析
Passage 1
1. decided —— 谓语动词，描述去年夏天发生的动作，一般过去时。
2. hadn't seen —— 谓语，“两年没见”发生在去年之前，过去完成时。
3. packed —— 谓语，过去动作。
4. was waiting —— 谓语，过去进行时，表示在等车时意识到。
5. had left —— 谓语，忘记发生在意识到之前，过去的过去。
6. cnsidered —— 谓语，过去动作。
7. was struck —— 谓语，被动（被景色打动），一般过去时。
8. arrived —— 谓语，过去时。
9. were standing —— 谓语，过去进行时，描述到达时他们正站着。
10. jumped —— 谓语，过去时。
11. helped —— 谓语，过去时。
12. taught —— 谓语，过去时。
13. sat —— 谓语，过去时。
14. felt —— 谓语，过去时。
15. left —— 谓语，befre从句中用一般过去时。
16. had used —— 谓语，祖父给之前已经用了数十年，过去完成时。
17. will remind —— 谓语，直接引语中表示将来。
18. lk —— 谓语，whenever引导的时间状语从句，用一般现在时表习惯。
19. think —— 谓语，主句一般现在时。
20. will never frget —— 谓语，表示决心。
Passage 2
21. has becme —— 谓语，in recent years 用现在完成时。
22. have invested —— 谓语，in recent years 完成时。
23. is —— 谓语，一般现在时描述现状。
24. are equipped —— 谓语，一般现在时被动。
25. t navigate —— 非谓语，allw sb t d。
26. needs —— 谓语，一般现在时。
27. are wrking —— 谓语，现在进行时表示当前正在做。
28. is estimated —— 谓语，被动，it is estimated that。
29. will have hit —— 谓语，by 2030 将来完成时。
30. must be established —— 谓语，情态动词被动。
31. wrry —— 谓语，一般现在时。
32. will cause —— 谓语，将来时。
33. will be created —— 谓语，将来被动。
34. is —— 谓语，一般现在时。
35. will cntinue —— 谓语，将来时。
36. lk —— 谓语，一般现在时。
37. is driving —— 谓语，while从句用进行时表主动。
Passage 3
38. has becme —— 谓语，现在完成时，强调已成为。
39. are dumped —— 谓语，一般现在时被动。
40. harms —— 谓语，一般现在时。
41. mistake —— 谓语，一般现在时。
42. swallwing —— 非谓语，after为介词，后跟动名词。
43. have taken —— 谓语，in recent years 现在完成时。
44. have banned —— 谓语，现在完成时。
45. prmte —— 谓语，一般现在时（或与前面并列，也可用现在完成时，但此处用一般现在时更简洁）。
46. t be dne —— 非谓语，need t be dne 需要被做。
47. reducing —— 非谓语，by为介词后跟动名词。
48. shpping —— 非谓语，when shpping 是 when yu are shpping 的省略。
49. make —— 谓语，if从句用一般现在时表将来。
50. will imprve —— 谓语，主句将来时。
51. are wrking —— 谓语，现在进行时。
52. shw —— 谓语，一般现在时。
53. t use —— 非谓语，不定式作表语。
54. t prtect —— 非谓语，不定式表目的。
Passage 4
55. is —— 谓语，动名词作主语，谓语单数。
56. are recmmended —— 谓语，被动，一般现在时。
57. struggle —— 谓语，一般现在时。
58. sleep —— 谓语，状语从句一般现在时。
59. repairs —— 谓语，一般现在时。
60. prcesses —— 谓语，一般现在时。
61. is linked —— 谓语，被动。
62. establishing —— 非谓语，suggest ding。
63. using —— 非谓语，avid ding。
64. interferes —— 谓语，一般现在时。
65. reading —— 非谓语，try ding 尝试做。
66. taking —— 非谓语，与reading并列，同形式。
67. have —— 谓语，if从句一般现在时。
68. helps —— 谓语，一般现在时。
69. desn't happen —— 谓语，否定，一般现在时。
70. give —— 谓语，祈使句，动词原形。
教学使用建议： 建议学生先通读全文，把握大意；然后逐句分析句子结构，确定所填词是谓语还是非谓语；再根据时间状语、上下文逻辑和主被动关系确定具体形式。教师可引导学生总结每篇中的时态标志词和非谓语固定搭配，强化“三步法”意识。
时态
常用时间状语/语境
例句
一般现在时
ften, usually, every day, 客观真理, 现状描述
Water bils at 100℃.
一般过去时
yesterday, last week, in 2000, 过去动作
He arrived an hur ag.
一般将来时
tmrrw, next week, in the future
They will cme sn.
现在进行时
nw, at present, 当前正在发生
Listen! Smene is singing.
过去进行时
at that time, when 从句（过去）
I was reading when he came.
现在完成时
since, already, yet, recently, up t nw
She has finished her wrk.
过去完成时
by then, befre, 过去的过去
He had left befre I arrived.
现在完成进行时
since, fr, 强调持续
They have been waiting fr hurs.
非谓语形式
核心用法
常见考点
t d (不定式)
目的、将来、具体某次、固定搭配
decide t d, want t d, it's adj t d
ding (动名词/现在分词)
习惯、一般性、主动进行、伴随
enjy ding, avid ding, see sb ding
dne (过去分词)
被动、完成、状态
have sth dne, the bk written by...
having dne
主动且发生在谓语之前
Having finished hmewrk, he went ut.
being dne
正在被...
the huse being built nw