2023届高三英语二轮复习语法复习之名词用法课件

这是一份2023届高三英语二轮复习语法复习之名词用法课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了名词的性，名词的数，名词的格，名词的句法功能，高考考点分析，考点三，语篇练习等内容，欢迎下载使用。
一、名词的性 （Gender)
Masculine（阳性）: actr, waiter, master, prince, lad, her 2. Feminine（阴性）: actress, waitress, mastress, princess, lass, herine 3. Neuter（中性）: teacher, wrker, mnkey, sheep, tree, crp
二、名词在句法功能（Functin)
写出下列名词的复数形式1. pliceman child muse tth ft ptat her leaf shelf rf life baby mnkey branch thief msquit2. watch lady fx fly brush tmat inch half kil pian calf passer-by g-between grwn-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant lker-n
一、名词与高考---语法填空：1. (2019-Ⅰ) … leading t a ________(believe) that ppulatins are increasing.2. (2019-Ш) They invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting ____________(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.3. (2018-Ⅰ) … a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all __________ (cause)4. (2018-Ⅱ) This switch has decreased____________ (pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes …5. (2018-Ш) I am a ____________(science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys.
6. (2017-Ⅰ) … has had sme side __________ (effect)7. (2017-Ⅱ) This develpment was nly pssible with the ______ (intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts.8. (2017-Ш) She is determined t carry n with her _________ (educate). She has turned dwn several _________(invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies.改错：1. (2019-Ⅰ) All the ftball player n the playgrund cheered ludly.2. (2019-Ⅱ) I've cnsidered different jb I wuld like t d. 3. (2019-Ш) I wish t have a chain f cafes in many different city.
1、可数名词的单、复数;2、可数与不可数名词的修饰语及转换；3、名词作定语；4、名词的修饰词;5、名词的所有格
nut, prt, theme, chapter, track, factr
grup, team, class, family, audience, crwd, majrity
人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate, Lndn, China, the Great Wall
cattle, peple, (the) plice
xygen, air, hney, butter
pride, justice, pressure, cnfidence
不可数名词 ：无复数；前面不可直接加a,an或名词；表数量用a piece f 之类的结构
一般加s：guy, sectin, material, adult, prcedure, aspect以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es: mass, bx, brush, branch, 但stmach加s辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：strategy, plicy, battery, cmpany, supply
f(e) →ves：加s: rf, prf, belief, chief, safe, chef, giraffef(e) →ves或直接加s: handkerchief, scarf
加s: kangar, bamb, z, pht, pian, studi加es: negr, vlcan, her, ptat, tmatzer （zers或 zeres）
beef（beeves菜牛 、beefs怨言；牢骚）
妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷吓得着了慌，躲进架子保己命，半片树叶遮目光 
wife, husewife，knife, wlf，thief, helf, self, life，half, leaf, laf,
单复同形： →ee：man →men: pliceman, spkesman, spkeswman, Englishman, Frenchman ium/ in→ia: bacterium, medium, criterin其他：phenmenn →phenmena, x →xen, muse →mice, child →children
series, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese, means, species, wrks(工厂), aircraft, spacecraft, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss
tth, ft, gse
penny （pence或 pennies）
“哪国人”复数：中日不变，英法变，其余 -s添后面 
不同国家的人的单复数 名称　　 总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　　　　 中国人　　the Chinese　　　a Chinese　 tw Chinese 瑞士人　　the Swiss　　　　a Swiss　　 tw Swiss日本人　　the Japanese　　 a Japanese　 tw Japanese葡萄牙人 the Prtuguese a Prtuguese tw Prtuguese 澳大利亚人the Australians　an Australian tw Australians　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 俄国人　　the Russians　　 a Russian　　tw Russians 意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　 tw Italians 希腊人　　the Greek　　　 a Greek　　　tw Greeks 法国人　　the French　　　a Frenchman　tw Frenchmen 美国人　　the Americans　 an American　tw Americans 印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 tw Indians 加拿大人　the Canadians　 a Canadian　 tw Canadians 德国人　　the Germans　　a German　　tw Germans 英国人　　the English　　an Englishman　tw Englishmen 瑞典人　　the Swedish　　a Swede　　　tw Swedes
合成名词的复数形式： ①将合成名词中的主体名词变为复数： lker(s)-n, passer(s)-by, mther(s)-in-law Eg. Lkers-n see mre than players. ②将最后一部分变为复数： grwn-up(s), g-between(s) (中间人）， gd-fr-nthing(s) (无用之人） ③含by, girl, lady等的合成的名词： 它们始终为单数，其后的名词则用复数形式。 如： by students, girl friends, lady drivers ④含man或 wman的合成名词： 它们随其后名词单复数的变化而变化。如： a man dctr, tw men dctrs
当局者迷,旁观者清.
名词只能用复数形式的短语：d exercises take ntes take turns make repairs change trains make friends withshake hands withas fllws in rags in dzens
（做操,做练习） (做笔记）（轮流）（搞修理）（改换火车）（交朋友） (握手）（如下）（衣衫褴褛）（成打的）
有些名词单复数形式含义特别:
wds wrks waters clthes custms manners sands spirits feelings gds papers surrundings games frces times lks arms cnditins instructins damages
1. 有些抽象名词在一定语境下，可以用做可数名词，这种现象叫抽象名词具体化。
2. 抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：1）A knwledge f English is a must in internatinal trade.2）Wuld yu like t have a walk (swim, bath, talk) with me?3）It is a waste f time reading such a nvel.
3. 物质名词有前置定语修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。 have breakfast have a wnderful breakfast The rad is cvered with snw. They have a heavy snw every year. Time and tide wait fr n man. We had a wnderful time last night.
4.有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：The by burst int tears at the bad news.The rising waters did a lt f harm t the crps.The stne bridge brke dwn in heavy rains.
prgress advice funinfrmatin furniture wrkbaggage luggage news jewelry weather paper (纸张) equipment truble knwledge hmewrk
有复数形式的不可数名词有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：1)They have smthed away the difficulties.2)Have yu made preparatins fr tmrrw’s meeting?3)Many thanks fr yur kindness.4)N pains, n gains.5)After many failures, they finally succeeded.
名词单复数的特殊情况:
(1) 集体名词只用作复数： plice , cattle , peple ,(2) 集体名词用作不可数名词: clthing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage),(3) 集体名词视具体情况而定单复数： family, class, ppulatin, staff, crew, public, grup, team, party, gvernment, cmmittee, audience(4) 只有复数形式的名词: clthes, trusers, jeans, twins, glasses, cmpasses, scissrs, gds ,thanks, wishes, tears, trps, frces, resurces
(5) 以s结尾但不表示复数: mathematics, physics, plitics, statistics, wds(森林), wrks(工厂)(6) 有没有s结尾意义不同：glass –glasses, clth –clthes, wrk –wrks, water –waters, wd –wds, gd–gds, time –times(时代), paper –papers(论文), green –greens(青菜), custm –custms(海关), light –lights(灯), experience –experiences(经历), arm –arms(武器), irn –irns(镣铐,熨斗), spirit –spirits(酒精,情绪), cmpass(指南针) –cmpasses(圆规), (7) 姓氏后加s并带冠词，表一家人或夫妇俩: the Greens ；the Chengs
(8) 名词单复数形式意义相同的短语：make faces / a face（做鬼脸）have talks / a talk with sb. (与某人交谈）play jkes / a jke n （拿…开玩笑）make cntributins / a cntributin t （为…做贡献）(9)名词单复数意义不同的短语：have a wrd with sb. （与…某人说句话）have wrds with sb. （与…某人吵架）make clth (织布）make clthes （制衣）
给出下列名词的复数形式 pliceman child muse tth ft ptat her leaf shelf rf life baby mnkey branch thief msquit
watch lady fx fly brush tmat inch half kil pian calf passer-by g-between grwn-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant lker-n
girl friends
sisters-in-law
men servants
不可数名词与可数名词的转换
Many peple agree that ____f English is a must in internatinal trade tday. A. a knwledge B. knwledges C. knwledge D. the knwledge
1. 有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。 如，fishes, fruits, teas…2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如, shame/ pity______, beauty_____, pleasure______, success __________, difficulty ______, help ______等。3. 表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或f短语修饰。如: a fine rain________ , a heavy snw ________ , a cllege educatin ___________ a lng time______________
4. 表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea, cffee, drink, beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如tw teas and a cffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5. 有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如： paper glass time exercise experience rm不可数： 纸 玻璃 时间 锻炼 经验 空间/余地可数： ____ ____ ____ ____ _____ ______6. 有些不可数名词，无论在什么情况下也没有复数形式的，即使有形容词修饰也不能加不定冠词的。如 advice, fun, hmewrk, infrmatin, news, prgress, equipment, furniture, baggage/luggage, jewellery, clthing等。
只接可数名词复数：(a) few, several, many, a great /gd many, a large number f, scres f, each, either, neither, anther, these, thse, bth, dzens f等只接不可数名词：much, little(少), a bit f, a great deal f, a large amunt f修饰可数或不可数名词：sme, any, plenty f, lts f, a large quantity f, quantities f , masses f
名词的修饰词
1.Much rare animals are dying ut. （2015全国卷）2.We dn’t need t d s many hmewrk.(2014全国卷）
3.I need______ clth, fr I'm hping t make ______clthes. A. a lt f; many    B. much; much  C. many; many   D. many; a lt 4. We have nly a sfa, a table and a bed in ur new apartment. We need t buy ______ mre furniture. A. any       B. many            C. little             D. sme
做主语（谓语动词前）：His_____________ (achieve) him respect.
动词后：He gave a_________ (describe) f what he had seen.
介词后：We need fd and water fr_________ (survive).
achievements
注意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、不定代词等后要用名词
The ______ is just arund the crner and yu wn’t miss it. A. bicycle’s shp   B. bicycle shp  C. bicycles shp  D. bicycles’s shp2. It tk us quite a lng time t get here. It was _____ jurney. A. three-hur B. a three hur C. a three-hur D. three hurs
考点四 名词作定语
1.一般用单数形式。如 石桥_______________会议室_______________ 早操_________________ 故事书_____________鞋店_______________ 体温_____________2. sprts, sales, clthes, gds, arts, custms等只用复数形式。如 运动会_____________ 海关______________ 营业主任_______________3.数词+名词”作定语,若有连字符，名词用单数；若无连字符，名词用所有格。如： 三个小时谈话 ___________________________________________ 两天假期________________________________________________
a stne bridge
a meeting rm
mrning exercise
(bdy) temperature
a three-hur talk
a three hurs’ talk
a tw-day hliday
a tw days' hliday
a sprts meet
custms huse
a sales manager
考点五：名词的所有格
—I wnder whse bicycle it is. —It might be my________ A. neighbur's     B. dear neighbur  C. neighbur      D. neighburs
有生命的人或动物：a Jim’s cat, the teachers” ffice, Tm and Kate’s teacher时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等： tday’s news, England’s shre
无生命的东西：the cver f the bk, the title f the nvel
a play f Shakespeare’s, a friend f my wife’s
1. ～'s 属格： 原则上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名词： the teacher’s bk; the hrse’s tail 然而，时间、距离、太阳、地球、月亮、江河、 海洋、船只、国家、城市、团体机构等名词也可以用～'s 属格。如： tday’s newspaper; five minutes’ walk the city’s transprtatin2.表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用f, 如 the cver f the bk。但还须注意以下几点：
1） 表示两个或多人共有的，在最后一个名词后加's。如Kate and Mary's rm 2）以s结尾的复数名词后只加撇号不加s。如: teachers' ffice。3）在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词如：the barber's ____________ at the dentist's __________ at my uncle's ____________ at the hairdresser's______
5) smebdy,smene,wh+else所有格加在else 后． 如果这字典不是你的，会是谁的？ If this dictinary isn’t yurs, wh else’s can it be?
考点六：名词的固定搭配
2. 动词+名词+介词
名词的构词法常见的名词后辍：1．具有某种职业或动作的人(1)­an/­ian，表示“……地方的人，精通……的人”。例如：American，美国人，histrian历史学家，plitician政治家，政客，Asian亚洲人，African非洲人，Italian意大利人，physician内科医生。(2)­ant，表示“……的人”。例如：servant，佣人，applicant应征者，assistant助手。(3)­ar，表示“……者”。例如：schlar学者，liar说谎者。(4)­ee，表示“动作承受者”。例如：emplyee雇员，interviewee被面试者，examinee应试人，trainee受训者。(5)­eer，表示“从事……的人”。例如：engineer工程师，vlunteer志愿者。
(6)­er，表示“从事某种职业的人，某地区、地方的人”。例如：bserver观察者，villager村民，banker银行家，Lndner伦敦人，wrker工人，perfrmer表演者，manager经理，teacher老师。(7)­ese，表示“……国人，……地方的人”。例如：Japanese日本人，Chinese中国人，Cantnese广东人等。(8)­ess，表示“女称名词”。例如：actress女演员，hstess女主人。(9)­ist，表示“从事……研究者，信仰……主义者”。例如：pianist钢琴家，cmmunist共产主义者，dentist牙医，artist艺术家。(10)­r，表示“……者”。例如：authr作者，dctr医生，peratr操作员，电话接线员，directr导演，survivr幸存者，instructr指导者。
2．具有抽象名词的含义(1)­acy，表示“性质，状态”。 accuracy精确，privacy隐 私，literacy读写能力，adequacy足够。(2)­age，表示“状态，行为，身份及其结果”。 shrtage短缺，strage储存，marriage婚姻，curage勇气。(3)­al，表示“事物的动作，过程”。 例如：refusal拒绝，arrival到达，survival存活，apprval批准，prpsal提议。(4)­ance/­ence，表示“性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度”。 imprtance重要，diligence勤奋，difference区别，cnvenience方便。(5)­ancy/­ency，表示“性质，状态，行为，过程”。例如：frequency频率，urgency迫切，efficiency效率，tendency趋势。
(6)­bility，表示“性质，状态”。例如： ability能力，disability残疾，pssibility可能性，prbability可能性。(7)­dm，表示“等级，领域，状态”。例如： freedm自由，kingdm国王，wisdm智慧。(8)­in/­sin/­tin/­atin/­itin，表示“行为的过程，结果，状况”。 例如：actin行动，slutin解决方案，cnclusin结论， destructin毁坏，expressin表达，crrectin改正，impressin印象。(9)­ment，表示“行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果等”。例如： treatment对待，治疗，mvement运动，judgement判断。
(10)­ness，表示“性质，状态，程度”。例如： gdness善良，kindness仁慈，tiredness乏味，friendliness友好。(11)­ship，表示“情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”。 例如：hardship困苦，membership成员，friendship友谊，leadership领导。(12)­th，表示“动作，性质，过程，状态”。例如： depth深度，wealth财富，truth真理，length长度，grwth成长，strength力气，长处。(13)­ure，表示“行为，结果”。例如：expsure暴露，pressure压力，failure失败。
Rbts used fr husewrk __1__ (test) ut in sme __2__(family). Tny，ne f the __3__(rbt)，lked like a tall and handsme man with smth black hair，speaking in a deep vice. Larry was ging t be away frm hme. Als，__4__ (curius) drve him t have a try n such a new thing. S he hired a rbt t accmpany his wife Claire. Claire didn’t like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed t it at last. At the first sight f Tny, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tny began t win the __5__(hstess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her hme elegant, giving her a new haircut, changing the make-up she wre and giving her advice n her persnal __6__(dress). Therefre at the party all her guests wh __7____(invite) were filled with __8__(admire) when they saw her huse was cmpletely changed. After the test，the cmpany __9__(be)satisfied with Tny’s reprt and believed it was a __10__ (succeed) because he had successfully made a wman regain her cnfidence and fall in lve with him.
were tested
were invited　
admiratin
一、语法填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1. (2018全国Ⅰ卷)Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study ... that shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all_______ (cause).
由前面的all可知，要用复数形式。
2. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) This trend,…, has had sme unintended side _______ (effect) such as verweight and heart disease…
由前面的修饰语sme可知，effect应用复数effects; 另外，从such as所举的例子verweight and heart disease (肥胖和心脏疾病)也可看出，不止一种副作用(side effects)。
3. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran fr just under seven kilmeters and allwed peple t avid terrible ________(crwd) n the rads…根据常识，不同公路上上下班的人群肯定不是一群人，而是一群一群的人，无数群的人，故填其复数形式crwds。4. (2017全国Ⅲ卷) She has turned dwn several __________ (invitatin) t star at shws in rder t cncentrate n her studies. 由前面的several可知 ,要填其复数形式invitatins。
5. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) The nursery team switches him every few _______ (day) with his sister…由空格前的修饰语few，可知填day的复数形式days。6. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) Recent ________(study) shw that we are far mre prductive…谓语动词为shw，根据主谓一致原则，空格处应填study的复数形式studies。
7. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place fr turists seeking the limestne muntain tps and dark waters f the Li River which are pictured by artists in s many Chinese __________ (painting).
由空格前的修饰语many可知，要填其复数形式paintings。
8. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) While there are amazing stries f instant transfrmatin, fr mst f us the __________ (change) are gradual and require a lt f effrt and wrk.
在句中做主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词；其后的谓语动词是are，根据主谓一致原则，主语也应是复数，故填change的复数形式changes。
9. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)This switch has decreased __________(pllute) in the cuntry’s majr lakes and reservirs and made drinking water safer fr peple.
作动词decreased的宾语，用名词，故填pllutin。
10. (2017全国Ⅱ卷)This develpment was nly pssible with the _____________(intrduce) f electric-pwered engines and lifts. 作介词(with)的宾语或者在冠词the后要用名词，表示“采用，引入”，故填 intrductin。11. (2017全国Ⅲ卷)She is determined t carry n with her ___________ (educate). 作介词(with)的宾语或在形容词性物主代词(her)后，要用名词。
12. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Then, handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu’ll feel a real sense f _____________ (achieve). 在介词(f)后作宾语要用名词，表示“成就”。13. (2016全国Ⅲ卷)Cnfucius influenced the _____________ (develp) f chpsticks. 作influenced的宾语用名词，或者说在the后用名词。
achievement
14. (2018全国Ⅲ卷)My name is Mireya Mayr. I’m a ____________ (science) wh studies animals such as apes and mnkeys. 根据句意及空格前的a可知，此处填名词，表示“科学家”，故填scientist。
15. (2016全国Ⅰ卷) But fr turists like me, pandas are its tp ___________ (attract). 在“形容词性物主代词(its)+形容词(tp)”后应填名词，attractin指“吸引人的事物”。16. (2015全国Ⅱ卷)In additin t their simple beauty, what makes the adbe dwellings admirable is their ________(able) t “air cnditin” a huse withut using electric equipment. 因在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。
1. ( 2018全国Ⅰ卷) Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate huse t raise dzens f chicken.由dzens f (几十，许多)可知，其后的名词用复数。
2. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) ( 2018全国Ⅱ卷) After supper, we wuld play card games f all srt in the sitting rm. 由前面的all可知此处应用名词的复数形式。3. (2018全国Ⅲ卷) The classrm is a place fr learning and that includes learning frm textbks, and mistake as well. 因mistake是可数名词，犯错误应不止一个，故此处应用名词的复数形式。此外，textbks也有提示。
4. (2017全国Ⅰ卷) The instructr kept repeating the wrd, “Speed up!” “Slw dwn!” “Turn left!”根据后面的“Speed up!” “Slw dwn!” “Turn left!”这三句话可知，The instructr不断重复的不是一句而是三句，故将wrd改为复数wrds。
5. (2016全国Ⅲ卷) The teenage year frm 13 t 19 were the mst difficult time fr me. 依据其后的修饰语frm 13 t 19可知，不止一年，故year应当改为复数years。另外，也可依据主谓一致原则，由were可知主语是复数。
6. (2015全国Ⅱ卷) One day, little Tny went t a shpping center with his parent…he turned arund and fund that his parents were missing. … Five minutes later, Tny saw his parents.
因下文两次出现了parents，可见Tny是同父母一起去的，故将parent改为parents。
7. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) Since then—fr all these year—we have been allwing tmates t self-seed where they please. 由修饰语all these可知，其后应接复数名词years。8. (2014全国Ⅱ卷) Fr example, we can d reading fr ne and a half hur and play sprts fr ne hur every day. 由修饰语ne and a half可知，hur应当用其复数hurs才正确。
9. (2013全国Ⅰ卷)He was tall, with brad shulder…根据常识, 肩有左肩和右肩, 因此shulder通常用复数。10. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) When tea gt ppular in Britain, there was a crying need fr gd cup with handles t suit British habits. 因满足英国人习惯的带柄的高质量茶杯, 不止需要一个，而是许许多多，故用复数。
11. (2012全国课标卷) Frm the time I was abut fur until I was abut six, I destryed each f my ty. 因each /ne f后要用复数。因为若不是复数，何来“之一”或“每一”？12. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) Besides, they ften get sme useful infrmatins frm the Internet. 因infrmatin是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
13. (2016全国Ⅱ卷) If we g n a trip abrad, we can braden ur view and gain knwledges we cannt get frm bks. 因knwledge (知识)是不可数名词, 没有复数形式。14. (2015全国Ⅰ卷) The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier… 因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。另外，句中的谓语is getting是单数，根据主谓一致原则，我们也可判断主语应是单数。
15. (2011全国课标卷) …but the nly clthes I had were thse I had n. It felt very strange t travel withut any luggages. 因luggage是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
16. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) When I was little, Friday’s night was ur family game night. 星期名词用于mrning, afternn, evening, night等词前作定语，不需要加所有格。17. (2011全国课标卷) When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lts f clthes. “我终于到达我的朋友”显然不通顺, 应是“到达我的朋友的家”，故改用所有格my friend’s (hme)。
18. (2016全国Ⅰ卷)My uncle tells me that the key t his success is hnest. 由句意“成功的关键是诚实”，故用名词hnesty作表语。比较：He is ______(hnesty). 若译成“他是诚实”，不通，不能用名词作表语；译作“他是诚实的”才通顺，故用形容词作表语。19. (2013全国Ⅱ卷) This made fr the grw in the prcelain industry. 作介词(fr)的宾语要用名词。
20. (2015全国Ⅰ卷)Much rare animals are dying ut. 修饰可数名词复数rare animals，不能用Much，要用Many。21. (2014年全国大纲卷) He says if I decide t d smething, it takes him much times t stp me. 因time作“时间”解是不可数名词，不可数名词是没有复数的。
22. (2014全国Ⅰ卷) The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are s much that we ften share them with ur neighbrs. 指有太多的fruits，代替可数名词复数，不能用much，要用many。另外，由后面的them也可知指复数，不能用much。23. (2014全国Ⅱ卷) We dn’t need t d s many hmewrk. 因hmewrk是不可数名词，不能用many修饰，应用much。
24. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Sme classmates suggest we g t places f interest nearby. I think that it is a gd idea. It des nt cst many, yet we can still learn a lt.
根据句意，这里是指花费许多钱，而钱(mney)是不可数名词，替代不可数名词用much不用many。
考点：名词的用法在语法填空和短文改错中，年年必考。考过的考点有：1. 可数名词大于1时是要用复数形式的。如上述语法填空第1～8题，将括号中所给可数名词的单数形式改为复数形式；短文改错第1～11题，该用复数却用了单数。2. 不可数名词是没有复数形式的。如上述短文改错第12～15题。
3. 名词的句法作用：(1)做动词的宾语，如上述语法填空第9、13题；(2)做介词的宾语，如上述语法填空第11、12题，短文改错第19题；(3)做表语，如上述语法填空第14～16题，短文改错第18题。
4. 名词的所有格，当其后名词是表示家或店铺的huse、hme、shp、stre等时，该名词常被省略。如上述短文改错第17题。星期名词用于mrning、afternn、evening、night等词前做前置定语，不需要用所有格。如上述短文改错第16题。5. 名词的修饰语：(1)修饰或代替可数名词，不能用much，要用many。如上述短文改错第20、22题。(2)修饰或代替不可数名词，不能用many，要用much。如上述短文改错第23、24题。
解法：1. 因为名词前可能有限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词、不定代词ther和anther等)，因此，在限定词后很可能填名词；因名词前是可能有形容词修饰的，因此，在形容词后很可能是填名词。2. 名词在句中可以做主语、宾语、表语等，因此，处于主语的位置，或在及物动词或介词后应当用名词；在译成汉语的“是”后是名词时，用名词作表语，如短文改错第18题“成功的关键是诚实”是名词hnesty做表语。
3. 在several、few、all、many、ne f、each f等后要用复数形式；还可根据主谓一致、上下文信息和常识来判断是用单数还是复数。4. 牢记advice、luggage、hmewrk等常见的不可数名词。它们是没有复数形式的，也不能用many、few等修饰或代替。
1. (2018贵州贵阳)Accrding t _______ (tale) and legends(传说), the beginning f Chinese New Year started with the fight against a mythical beast called Nian (年).
由与之并列的legends可知填tales。
2. (2018广东汕头) Of the several new _________ (feature) iPhne X includes, its wireless charging ability is ne f the mst talked abut.
由前面的several可知用复数。
3. (2018安徽合肥) During the festival, which lasts three r fur days, peple are dressed in their best clthes and participate in a variety f clurful _________ (activity). 由前面的a variety f可知用复数。4. (2018安徽毫州)Thugh tday is a gift, the ___________(memry) f ur families give us the strength t appreciate this “present”. 名词作主语，由谓语动词give可知主语用复数。
5. (2018福建龙岩)Peple ften prefer t stay at hme with their ________(family) at Christmas instead f ging ut t have fun. 前面的Peple是泛指，故应该用复数。6. 2018福建漳州) We didn’t prepare candles r _________ (match). 由与之并列的candles可知用复数。
7. (2018福建泉州)But if smething I dn’t like is rdered, it’s nt a prblem because there are ther _______ (dish) that I can enjy. 因为dish是可数名词，而它又被ther修饰，故用复数。8. (2018安徽蚌埠)When I went t the theatre, there were tw ________(wman) ahead f me in line. 由前面的tw可知用复数。
9. (2018广西贵港) At all levels abut half f the students at Cambridge study arts and humanities, many f whm have gne n t becme utstanding figures in the arts, print and bradcast _______________ (medium).
用复数表示泛指, 注意medium (媒体)的复数形式是media或mediums。
media/medium
10. (2018河北石家庄)At dinner, if half f the fish is eaten up, a guest shuldn’t turn the fish ver by saying “fan”, which is the Chinese wrd fr “turn ver”, which is cnsidered bad luck fr __________ (fisherman) and their bats.
可数名词前没有限定词时要用复数，表泛指。
11. (2018湖北天门市)We usually rely n Hllywd _______ (her) t shw up n ur screens and defeat the bad guys. 可数名词前没有限定词时要用复数，表泛指。12. (2018广东茂名)The cncept ges back t 400 BC and is a cre virtue f Cnfucianism (儒家思想), described in the early _______(wrk) f China’s best-knwn schlars. 因文中wrk作“著作，作品”解，是可数名词，早期作品，用复数。
13. (2018山东淄博期末) Later, when expensive _____ (tea) were sld in certain cafes, wmen were initially nt allwed t enter. 由动词were可知主语是复数形式。注意，虽然tea是不可数名词，但指各种茶时是可数的。14. (2018河南濮阳)A bus ________(driver) main respnsibility is safely transprting passengers. 指公交车“司机的”主要责任，故用所有格。
15. (2018广东惠州) Public ____________ (celebratin) include the Lusheng Festival and water buffal fighting. 根据动词include可知主语是复数形式。16. (2018河北石家庄)The __________ (separate) f the fish bne frm the lwer half f the flesh is usually dne by the hst r hstess. 名词作主语，指鱼骨从鱼肉中的分离。
celebratins
17. (2018安徽蚌埠)I asked her t pay it frward and she expressed her ____________(willing) t d that. 作动词expressed的宾语用名词，或者说在形容词性物主代词后用名词。18. (2018广东揭阳)When the cuple living next dr had a baby, instead f saying ___________ (cngratulate), he expressed his cncern abut his wn sleep. 作动词saying的宾语用名词，cngratulatin常以复数形式出现。
willingness
cngratulatins
19. (2018云南二检)As a __________ (music), Dylan has sld mre than 100 millin recrds, making him ne f the best-selling artists f all time. 在介词as后用表职业的名词。20. (2018甘肃张掖) Grammar and idims may be anther _________ (difficult). 在anther后应接单数可数名词, 故填difficulty。
1. (2018云南昆明) She was nt sure whether she culd affrd the cst f supplying schl bks fr bth f her kid this year. 两个小孩，应用复数。2. (2018陕西榆林) My mther is sixty-five year ld, wh devtes herself t the whle family and us three daughters. 根据前面的sixty-five可知。
3. (2018河北石家庄)I’m als sending yu a few recrd f ur daily cnversatins, frm which yu can hear real American English. 由前面的a few可知用复数。4. (2018四川资阳)My aunt had t let him finish the experiments and he finally succeeded in finishing it. 由下文的finish it可知，用单数。
5. (2018山东枣庄) We all hpe that such kinds f activity can be held again. 根据语境，尤其是kinds可知这里用复数。6. (2018山东德州) The Spring Festival, ne f the mst imprtant festival in China, falls n January 1 in the lunar calendar. 由前面的ne f可知用复数。
7. (2018湖北黄冈)Maybe square dancers need t make sme change. 因为change是可数名词，前面又有sme修饰。8. (2018湖南常德)I tld him many happy mment with my parents. 前面有many修饰，自然用复数。
9. (2018辽宁沈阳)The first thing cming t my mind is t get a driving license, which I think is a must fr mst high schl student in China. 根据前面的mst(大多数的)可知。10. (2018四川遂宁)Hundred f students tk exams fr it, but nly a few were chsen and I was ne f them. 因hundreds f是固定词组，表示“成百上千”。
11. (2018山西吕梁)30 minutes passed, but n bus came. Bth upset and annyed, I decided t g n feet. 因n ft是固定搭配。12. (2018山东日照)I had n chices but t hand it in t the infrmatin center. 因have n chice but t d是固定句型。
13. (2018河南安阳)In my pinin, if we want t reduce accidents, we shuld take actins. 根据固定搭配可知, take actin意为“采取行动”。14. (2018广东东莞) Mm has a full-time jb, but she has t d mst f the husewrks. 因husewrk是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
15. (2018福建南平)Nwadays, as the Internet develps, we have a new way t have funs, find infrmatin and cmmunicate. 因为fun是不可数名词，没有复数形式。16. (2018山东泰安)Nwadays peple are under pressures. 因为pressure是不可数名词，没有复数形式。
17. (2018广东惠州)Smart phnes have s many functins which will distract ur attentins. 因为attentin为不可数名词，没有复数形式。18. (2018山东济宁)Sme friends suggested buying a televisin, which turned ut t be really gd advices. 因advice是不可数名词。
19. (2018河北沧州) As we knw, bks are the surce f knwledges. 因为knwledge是不可数名词。20. (2018福建福州) He set up a lcal swimming club after nticing hw disabled kids struggled t swim in pls fr lack f special equipments. 因equipment是不可数名词。
21. (2018湖南衡阳) Only in this way can we make rapid prgresses in life.由于prgress是不可数名词。22. (2018河南诊调) Wang Li is my best friend. She is a bit shrt and has lng hairs. 因为hair在此处是不可数名词。
23. (2018福建福州) But with my teammates encuragement, I was able t cmmunicate smthly with them. 意思是由于“我的队友们的”鼓励，用名词所有格作定语。24. (2018四川绵阳) My mther had always tld his parents that t much fast fd was harmful, but they ignred my mther advice. 指我“母亲的”建议，用名词所有格。
25. (2018山东德州)T ur happy, peple have realized mst imprtant task is t prtect the envirnment. 名词做介词t的宾语。26. (2018山东潍坊)After all, helping peple in need is a gd way t btain jy and happy. 作动词btain的宾语用名词。
27. (2018安徽芜湖)Abve all, it’s recmmended that yu shuld read sme pems, and learn t appreciate the beautiful f Chinese culture. 名词作动词appreciate的宾语。28. (2018山东寿光) Taking an active part in varius vluntary activities can als be f great beneficial. 名词作f宾语，而f短语作表语。
29. (2018湖北孝感)Having a gd cmmand f English is f great significant t us students. 由f可知用名词，f significance=significant，作表语。30. (2018云南二检)Nw I g swimming several time a week and have started t feel the benefits f regular exercise. 由前面的several可知用复数，time在此意为“次数”。