高考英语二轮-阅读理解主旨大意（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解主旨大意（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版），共41页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc6719" 第一部分 易错点剖析 PAGEREF _Tc6719 \h 1
易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三
\l "_Tc403" 易错01 以偏概全：细节当主旨片面当全面 PAGEREF _Tc403 \h 1
易错02 扩缩范围：选项范围过大或者过小5
\l "_Tc11528" 易错03 主观臆断：脱离原文臆断作者观点11
\l "_Tc8651" 易错04 过度引申：过度推断或延伸原文内容16
\l "_Tc11195" 第二部分 易错点闯关21
闯关01 记叙文段落大意题21
闯关02 说明文段落大意题23
闯关03 说明文文章大意题25
闯关04 议论文文章大意题26
闯关05 记叙文标题概况题29
闯关06 说明文标题概况题31
闯关07 议论文标题概况题33
易错01 以偏概全：细节当主旨片面当全面
易错典题
【例1】（2024·福建漳州10月·一模）
Alng with reviewing research n hw t recver and rebund frm a wide range f hardships, Adam and I present stries f individuals and grups wh have vercme rdinary and extrardinary difficulties. We lk at the steps peple can take t help themselves thrugh tugh times. We explre the psychlgy f recvery and the challenges f regaining cnfidence and rediscvering jy. We cver ways t speak abut pain and cmfrt friends wh are suffering.
30．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The methd they wrte the bk.B．The cntent f their bk.
C．The reasn fr writing the bk.D．The peple the bk cncerns.
30．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Alng with reviewing research n hw t recver and rebund frm a wide range f hardships, Adam and I present stries f individuals and grups wh have vercme rdinary and extrardinary difficulties. We lk at the steps peple can take t help themselves thrugh tugh times. We explre the psychlgy f recvery and the challenges f regaining cnfidence and rediscvering jy. We cver ways t speak abut pain and cmfrt friends wh are suffering.”（除了回顾关于如何从各种各样的困难中恢复和反弹的研究，亚当和我还介绍了克服普通和特殊困难的个人和团体的故事。我们来看看人们可以采取哪些步骤来帮助自己度过难关。我们探索康复的心理学，以及重获信心和重新发现快乐的挑战。我们将介绍谈论痛苦和安慰正在受苦的朋友的方法）可知，最后一段主要介绍了他们书的内容。故选B。
【易错分析】部分考生受段中Adam and I present stries f individuals and grups和We lk at the steps peple can take的影响二误选D选项“这本书所关注的人”。通读全文我们可以发现这只是本段内容一小部分，属于以偏概全。应予以排除。
避错攻略
【方法总结】
定位主旨句：重点阅读首尾段及段落首尾句，把握文章核心。
概括比对：选项若仅对应某段内容或个别例子，则可能片面。
警惕绝对细节：包含具体数字、事例的选项，常是干扰项。
【干货必记】段落大意满分技能点拨
1.题型解读
段落大意题主要考查考生用准确的、简练的语言把一个段落的主要意思明确而完整地表达出来的能力。考生在做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”，即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下的主旨判断，其准确性更高。
每个段落都有一个中心思想，通常会在段落的第一句或最后一句体现，这就是段落主题句。如果没有明显的主题句时，应当根据段落内容概括处段落大意。有时考生还会找错文章对应位置，盲目选词文中相同的词句，而出现文不对题的现象。
2.思维导图
3.识别“以偏概全”特征
◆细节当主旨
标志：选项内容原文中确实提到，但只是一个例子、一个数据或一个分论点。
口诀：只见树木，不见森林。
◆片面当全面
标志：选项只概括了文章某一段落或部分内容，无法覆盖全文（尤其是首尾段）。
口诀：以段代篇，范围缩水。
◆事实当观点
标志：选项陈述了一个文中提及的客观事实，但文章主旨是探讨该事实背后的原因、影响或意义。
口诀：就事论事，缺乏深度。
◆破题三看
一看首尾段：主旨句绝大多数出现在这里；二看段落首句：快速串起文章脉络；三看选项关键词：遇到包含具体细节、绝对化表述（如nly, best, all） 或明显只对应某一段内容的选项，高度警惕！
举一反三
1. (2023全国乙卷阅读理解D篇第32题)
If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things.
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?
A. Hw past events shuld be presented.
B. What humanity is cncerned abut.
C. Whether facts speak luder than wrds.
D. Why written language is reliable.
1．主旨大意题。第一步：阅读题干，找出关键词：What, the first paragraph, mainly abut。第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。根据关键词定位到文章第一段“If yu want t tell the histry f the whle wrld, a histry that des nt privilege ne part f humanity, yu cannt d it thrugh texts alne, because nly sme f the wrld has ever had texts, while mst f the wrld, fr mst f the time, has nt. Writing is ne f humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) scieties recrded their cncerns nt nly in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。第三步：比对选项得出答案A。
2.（25-26高三上·河北·期末）Lari’s innvatin extends beynd shelter. Driven by a grwing passin fr sustainability, Lari has created a prgram t teach pr peple t cnstruct buildings and make ec-friendly materials. Knwledge is shared thrugh DIY vides n her YuTube channel and wrkshps held at training centers. Her designs particularly stress the imprtance f wmen’s needs, creating ver 80,000 smkeless ckstves that wn a UN Wrld habitat Prize and ec-tilets that prvide cleanliness and dignity. These lw-cst, zer-carbn structures demnstrate her cmmitment t architecture that prtects bth peple and the planet.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Lari’s never-ending creativity.
B．The benefits f Lari’s inventins.
C．The applicatin f smkeless ckstves.
D．Lari’s fcus n wmen’s rights.
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段中的“Lari’s innvatin extends beynd shelter. Driven by a grwing passin fr sustainability, Lari has created a prgram t teach pr peple t cnstruct buildings and make ec-friendly materials. (拉里的创新不仅仅体现在避难所的设计上。在对可持续发展的热情日益高涨的推动下，拉里制定了一个项目，教穷人建造房屋和制作环保材料。)”以及后文介绍的她的各类设计成果可知，第四段主要讲述拉里在建筑及相关领域从未停止的创新探索。故选A项。
3.（2026·山东济南·一模）Yet avidance has lng-term csts. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety nw, but can risk serius health issues later. Aviding tugh cnversatins may prevent shrt term cnflict, but will likely trap peple in unsatisfying relatinships. “By repeatedly aviding ppsing views,” researchers warn, “we build avidance habits that can harden int rigid thinking patterns ver time.”
3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The cnsequences f avidance actins.
B．The ways f frming thinking patterns.
C．The reasns f ignring ppsing views.
D．The health csts f ur avidance habits.
3．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Yet avidance has lng-term csts. Skipping health screenings may ease anxiety nw, but can risk serius health issues later. Aviding tugh cnversatins may prevent shrt term cnflict, but will likely trap peple in unsatisfying relatinships. “By repeatedly aviding ppsing views,” researchers warn, “we build avidance habits that can harden int rigid thinking patterns ver time.”(然而，回避是有长期代价的。跳过健康检查现在可能可以缓解焦虑，但以后可能会面临严重的健康问题。回避艰难的对话可能可以避免短期的冲突，但可能会使人们陷入不满意的关系中。研究人员警告说：“通过反复回避相反的观点，我们会养成回避的习惯，随着时间的推移，这些习惯会变成僵化的思维模式。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了信息回避带来的各种后果。故选A项。
易错02 扩缩范围：选项范围过大或者过小
易错典题
【例2】（25-26高三上·湖北武汉·期末）
Our Earth is lcated n the inner edge f a spiral (螺旋的) arm within the Milky Way, but this is nt ur permanent address. When mst dinsaurs went extinct, ur slar system was in a cmpletely different arm! Our galaxy (星系) is in a state f cnstant evlutin.
Thirteen billin years ag, the gas and dust particles (分子) that eventually became ur Milky Way were mving quickly in every directin. Despite the wild mtin f its parts, the galaxy as a whle was spinning abut an axis (轴). While their individual mtins were chatic, the galaxy as a whle acquired all the particles and circled arund a cmmn axis. Meanwhile, frequent crashes slwed the particles, allwing gravity t pull them inward.
S, why is the Milky Way flat? The answer lies in the cnservatin f angular mmentum (动量). In dense (密度大的) bjects like stars, internal pressure and gravity create a sphere. But in a lw-density, high-mmentum system like a yung galaxy, the spinning mtin dminates. T cnserve mmentum, particles culd nt fall directly inward but were frced t rbit, gradually cllapsing int a single, spinning discver billins f years.
The Milky Way’s spiral arms are nt rigid structures, but dynamic squeezing waves. As these waves travel thrugh the galaxy’s disc, they squeeze gas, starting the birth f bright yung star grups that utline the arms. The galaxy’s spin then winds these waves int grand spirals. Our slar system, rbiting faster than the wave pattern, is currently diving deeper int ur lcal arm — a jurney thrugh a single arm takes millins f years.
Recent bservatins even suggest spiral galaxies can hst tw r mre crssing waves travelling at different speeds. The result wuld be that spiral arms last fr tens r hundreds f millins f years befre breaking apart and re-frming. When the Earth frmed 4.5 billin years ag, ur galaxy’s spirals may have lked entirely different than tday. And in abut 5 billin years, the Milky Way will start t cmbine with the Andrmeda galaxy and disturb the cnservatin f angular mmentum, thus creating an egg shape and giving rise t a new time in ur galaxy’s histry.
31．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The evlutin f the Milky Way.
B．The crash between galaxies.
C．The frmatin f the slar system.
D．The characteristics f spiral galaxies.
31．主旨大意题。 根据第一段的“Our galaxy (星系) is in a state f cnstant evlutin.(我们的星系处于不断演化的状态)”以及下文对银河系形成、扁平形状原因、旋臂特点以及未来变化的描述可知，本文主要讲述了银河系的演化过程及其特点。故选A。
【错因分析】选项B仅是细节，范围太小；选项C太阳系和银河系是包含与被包含的关系，范围太小；选项D螺旋型星系特点太偏。
避错攻略
【方法总结】
1.扩大范围:
干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为广泛或夸大。这样的选项可能包含超出原文信息的推测或结论，导致考生误认为这是对文本的总结或解释。例如，原文信息为"Mst peple will experience at least ne incrrect medical diagnsis(诊断) in their lifetime" (大部分人一生中至少会经历一次错误的医疗诊断)，干扰项“B项:Diagnstic errrs happen t everyne in their lifetime”, 用everyne而扩大了范围。
2.缩小范围:
干扰项提供的信息比原文描述的更为狭窄。这种选项可能只强调原文中某个具体细节，而忽略了更广泛的背景或整体内容，使考生误以为这是重点内容。例如，原文为in the wrld,干扰项换为natinal。
【干货必记】主旨大意题满分技能点拨
1.命题特点
文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
2.思维导图
3.答题策略
题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨大意，由此推断段落大意。
题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。
题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ shrt, all in all, in cnclusin, in a wrd等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
举一反三
1.（25-26高二上·广东揭阳·期末）Dlphins and parrts are knwn t address each ther by imitating the sunds they hear ther members f their species make, but nly humans are knwn t address each ther using names they make up. Hwever, this might nt be the case. Wild elephants respnd t individual names in the same way as humans, accrding t new research published in the jurnal Nature Eclgy & Evlutin.
Intending t find ut whether elephants might be using made-up names, t, Michael Pard, a behaviral eclgist at Clrad State University, and his clleagues first identified 469 calls r “rumbles” made by wild African elephants living in Ambseli Natinal Park and Samburu and Buffal Springs Natinal Reserves in Kenya. Each f the vcalizatins (发声) had a knwn caller and a knwn receiver, and an algrithm (算法) was used t predict which f these sunds were ptential names and which elephant they were likely t describe.
Next, the researchers played recrdings f these “names” t different elephants and fund that elephants respnded mre enthusiastically t their wn name than they did t the names f thers. When they heard their names, they apprached the speaker mre quickly and respnded mre vcally. The findings suggest that elephants have specific vcalizatins r names fr each ther, and that they can recgnize these names, even when they ccur ut f cntext.
Name-calling was mre cmmn when animals were cmmunicating ver lng distances, the authrs fund, and als when adults were talking t their babies. The yung were less likely than adults t use names, suggesting that the ability t design and use names is a skill that takes years t learn.
Elephants are intelligent creatures that live in cmplex scial grups. They use sund, sight, scent and tuch t cmmunicate with each ther, and their calls are knwn t cmmunicate a rich stream f infrmatin, including details abut age, sex, emtin and behaviral intentin.
The ability t design and link a sund with the identity f anther animal suggests that elephants have a previusly unappreciated depth f cgnitive ability—they may be capable f abstract thught.
1．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Research shwing elephants may have abstract thught ability.
B．Research shwing wild elephants can use and recgnize made-up names.
C．Research shwing African elephants live in highly cmplex scial grups.
D．Research shwing dlphins and parrts imitate species’ sunds t cmmunicate.
1．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“Hwever, this might nt be the case. Wild elephants respnd t individual names in the same way as humans, accrding t new research published in the jurnal Nature Eclgy & Evlutin.( 然而，实际情况或许并非如此。根据发表在《自然生态与进化》杂志上的最新研究，野生大象对个体名字的反应方式与人类相同。)”可知，全文围绕一项新研究展开，核心内容是：研究人员通过识别大象的叫声、播放录音实验，发现野生大象拥有特定的“名字”，能够识别并对自己的名字做出积极回应，且使用名字的能力随年龄增长而提升。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲的是研究表明野生大象能够使用并识别虚构的名字。故选B项。
2.（2026·河南郑州·一模）When yu lk at the clrful rws f fruits and vegetables in the grcery stre, yu might think yu’re getting all the nutrients yu need. But recent studies shw that tday’s crps have fewer nutrients than what ur grandparents ate decades ag. This decline is alarming and culd affect ur health in the future.
Over the past 70 years, many fruits, vegetables, and grains have lst significant amunts f prtein, calcium, irn, and vitamins. A review in the jurnal Fds in 2024 called this a majr challenge fr future generatins. This is especially imprtant as mre peple are encuraged t eat plant-based diets fr health and envirnmental reasns.
David Mntgmery, a prfessr at the University f Washingtn, warns that this nutrient decline means ur fd is less effective at preventing chrnic (慢性的) diseases. Even if yu eat lts f fresh prduce, what yu’re eating tday is less nutritius than what yur grandparents ate, says Kristie Ebi, an expert in climate change and health.
The prblem lies in mdern farming practices. Methds that increase crp harvest ften harm sil health. Irrigatin, fertilizatin, and harvesting prevent the natural interactins between plants and sil fungi (真菌), reducing nutrient absrptin. Climate change and rising carbn dixide levels als play a rle in lwering nutrient cntent.
A majr study in 2004 fund that 43 garden crps had less prtein, calcium, irn, and vitamin C cmpared t 50 years earlier. Mre recent studies shw similar trends in Australian vegetables and wheat, with significant drps in irn and prtein.
This nutrient decline affects nt just plant-based diets but als meat. Animals nw eat less nutritius grasses and grains, making meat and dairy prducts less nutritius t.
Scientists urge us nt t wrry t much but t pay attentin t hw ur fd is grwn. Mntgmery says understanding the impact f farming practices gives us a new reasn. As the ppulatin grws, we need t prtect and restre ur farmland t ensure healthy fd fr everyne.
2．What is the text mainly abut?
A．The decrease f nutrients in crps.
B．The cnsequence f plant-based diets.
C．The wrsening health cnditins f humans.
D．The big prblems f mdern farming practices.
2．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“But recent studies shw that tday’s crps have fewer nutrients than what ur grandparents ate decades ag. This decline is alarming and culd affect ur health in the future.(但最近的研究表明，如今的农作物所含的营养物质比我们祖父母几十年前吃的要少。这种下降令人担忧，并可能在未来影响我们的健康)”以及全文围绕农作物营养含量下降展开分析原因、影响和建议可知，本文主旨是农作物的营养成分减少这一现象。故选A。
3.（2025·四川眉山·一模）In a pineering achievement, scientists have successfully transfrmed light int a “superslid,” a state f matter that exhibits characteristics f bth slids and liquids in the meantime. This remarkable discvery, published in the jurnal Science, paves the way fr nvel advancements in cndensed-matter (凝聚态物) physics.
A superslid is a unique state f matter gverned by the principles f quantum (量子) mechanics. In this state, particles frm an rganized, crystal structure like a slid, yet they can mve freely and fluidly like a liquid withut stickiness. The lack f stickiness means that superslids can quickly pipe themselves ut f any cntainers.
Ordinary slids are typically static and d nt mve n their wn. Hwever, superslids pssess the ability t change directin and density based n particle interactins while still keeping an rderly netwrk structure. The frmatin f superslids requires extremely lw temperatures, usually clse t abslute zer (minus 459.67 degrees Fahrenheit r minus 273.15 degrees Celsius).
While superslids have been previusly created frm atmic gases, the recent research emplyed a nvel mechanism invlving “plaritn (极化子)” systems. Plaritns are multiple particles frmed by the strng cupling f light and quasiparticles (准粒子) thrugh electrmagnetic interactins. These plaritns can cncentrate int the lwest pssible energy state, similar t certain atmic gases. Namely, light is cmbined with matter, and tgether, they can be cndensed int a superslid.
The study f superslids is crucial because it allws us t bserve the effects f tiny interactins between particles withut the interference f temperature. By examining the behavir and characteristics f superslids, we gain insights int the fundamental ways in which atms and particles are rganized. This knwledge helps us understand the wrld at a basic level.
With further research and develpment, superslids hld great ptential fr varius applicatins. They culd be used in quantum cmputing, supercnductrs, frictinless ils, and ptentially many ther applicatins that we have yet t imagine. The creatin f a superslid frm light represents a significant leap frward in this field.
3．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The imprtance f further research int superslids.
B．The prcess f transfrming light int a superslid.
C．The histry and ptential value f superslid research.
D．The features and ptential applicatins f superslids.
3．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“In a pineering achievement, scientists have successfully transfrmed light int a “superslid,” a state f matter that exhibits characteristics f bth slids and liquids in the meantime.(在一项开创性成就中，科学家成功将光转化为“超固体”——这是一种同时具备固体和液体双重特性的物态。)”、第二段中的“In this state, particles frm an rganized, crystal structure like a slid, yet they can mve freely and fluidly like a liquid withut stickiness.(在这种状态下，粒子像固体一样形成有序的晶体结构，但又能像液体一样自由流动，没有粘性。)”以及最后一段中的“With further research and develpment, superslids hld great ptential fr varius applicatins. They culd be used in quantum cmputing, supercnductrs, frictinless ils, and ptentially many ther applicatins that we have yet t imagine.(随着进一步的研究和发展，超固体在各种应用中具有巨大潜力。它们可用于量子计算、超导体、无摩擦油，以及许多我们尚未想象到的潜在应用。)”可知，文章核心围绕超固体的核心特性和潜在应用价值展开，全面介绍了这一物质状态的关键信息。故选D项。
易错03 主观臆断：脱离原文臆断作者观点
易错典题
【例3】（2025·广东深圳·10月月考）
This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events. Fr instance, in describing rainwater’s flw frm the frest treetps t the sils, the authrs nte that “if several branches efficiently capture and carry strm water t the stem, rainwater inputs t near-stem sils can be mre than100 times greater.” Likewise, water vapr (水蒸气) cluds trapped beneath frest treetp cvers may escape remte detectin, yet be sensitive t scientists n the grund. At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.
31．What des the authr think f the “umbrella science”?
A．It is grundbreaking.
B．Its scientific values are nt nticed.
C．It is insufficient t trace eclgical events.
D．It invlves research methds acrss disciplines.
【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This type f “umbrella science”, they warn, can miss imprtant lcalized events.(他们警告说，这种“保护伞科学”可能会错过重要的局部事件)”以及“At the brader scale, these versights can affect Grund Earth systems mdels, which ften underestimate frest treetp water strage.(在更广泛的范围内，这些疏忽可能会影响地面系统模型，这些模型往往低估了森林树梢的储水量)”可知，作者认为“保护伞科学”在追踪生态事件上是不够的。故选C。
【错因分析】部分考生看到段落中can miss imprtant lcalized events和underestimate表示负面含义就选择B项，实际本段并未否定其科学价值，只是说明其不足。
避错攻略
【方法总结】核心原则：所有主旨结论均来自原文，拒绝“常识延伸”“经验脑补”“逻辑过度推导”.
方法：
1.勾画出选项中的关键词，回到原文中寻找支撑它的多个信息点。如果只有一个细节或例子支持，而全文大部分内容在说别的，那这个选项就很可能是陷阱。
2.问自己：这篇文章是在“介绍一个现象/研究”，还是在 “论证一个观点/推销一个理念”？主旨题常常考的是写作目的。介绍现象是客观的，论证观点是主观的。如果全文都在描述、列举、说明，那么主旨通常是中立的。
【干货必记】避免主观臆断三大策略
在阅读理解或考试中，主旨大意题要求考生通过分析文章的结构、内容、关键词等，准确概括出文章的中心思想，而不能主观臆断。主观臆断往往会导致对文章主旨的误解或错误判断，因为这种判断没有基于文本的实际内容，而是基于考生个人的主观想法或先入为主的观念。
1.圈注关键:
在阅读文章时，使用笔在纸上或心中标记出关键信息，如作者的观点、主题句和支持论据等。这有助于在做题时快速回顾重要内容，确保答案是基于作者的实际陈述而不是自己的理解。
2.回文定位:
在回答问题时，务必回到文章中找到相关段落进行定位。特别是在不确定答案时，通过在原文中找到对应的句子或段落，确保答案与原文信息一致，避免主观臆断。
3.学会质疑:
在解题过程中，养成对每一个选项进行质疑的习惯。问自己:“这个选项与文章的哪部分对应?”只有当你能明确指出选项与文章的内容有关联时，才选择它。通过这种方式，可以有效减少主观臆断的可能性。
举一反三
1.（25-26高三上·陕西咸阳·期末）That art can lift spirit is well knwn, while that it calms the bdy is nvel. Hwever, there is grwing evidence t supprt that pinin.
Earlier this summer, a team f Cambridge psychlgists asked participants t lk at masterwrks by 19th-century pst-impressinists — Van Ggh, Tuluse-Lautrec, Manet and Gauguin — in the gallery. The results were clear: Appreciating artistic beauty helped them escape the “mental trappings f daily life”. This experiment fllwed a study published last year by the Department fr Culture, Media and Sprt, t quantify the imprvements f physical and mental health by taking part in creative activities, as well as the ecnmic gain — estimated t be an average f £1,000 per persn a year, as a result f imprved wrk prductivity and fewer trips t the hspital. And fr the first time in its 202-year histry, The Lancet recently ran a pht essay shwing hw ging t art galleries culd relieve stress and cut heart disease risk, as well as bst the immune system.
1．What message des the authr want t cnvey in the secnd paragraph?
A．Art plays a psitive rle in public health.
B．Art can increase peple’s average incme.
C．Galleries are required t reduce heart disease risk.
D．Galleries shuld cllect pst-impressinists’ masterwrks.
1．主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“Appreciating artistic beauty helped them escape the “mental trappings f daily life”. (欣赏艺术之美帮助他们摆脱了“日常生活的精神桎梏”。)”，以及“t quantify the imprvements f physical and mental health by taking part in creative activities (量化参与创意活动对身心健康的改善作用)”和“hw ging t art galleries culd relieve stress and cut heart disease risk, as well as bst the immune system (去美术馆如何能缓解压力、降低心脏病风险并增强免疫系统)”可知，该段通过多个研究和实验结果，表明欣赏艺术、参与创意活动能改善身心健康、缓解压力、降低患病风险，核心是想传达艺术对公共健康起到积极作用。故选A。
2.（25-26高三上·山东青岛·期末）Seven years ag, cllege senir Jey Rman brke his wrist skatebarding near the University f Texas at Austin. With pr insurance, he wrried abut the high cst f an ambulance, s he called an Uber instead. The driver, Beni Lukumu, helped him int the car and drve him t urgent care, which quickly sent him t the emergency rm (ER).
Learning Rman had n family nearby, Lukumu, wh’d immigrated frm the Cng at 25 and knew the pain f being far frm lved nes, insisted n staying. Despite a busy day f rides, he signed Rman int the ER and sat with him frm 2 t 8 p.m., missing hurs f wrk. “He needed smebdy t be by his side,” Lukumu later said. At the time, Rman was under treatment and recalled, “I remember feeling glad he was there. He has this warm presence, and strangely, it felt like we had knwn each ther frever.”
Unknwn t Lukumu, Rman was in ne f the darkest perids f his life. His brther Jhnny had died f cancer in 2008, and Rman had a hard time with srrw. “After lsing my brther, I just became really lnely. I culd barely take care f myself, let alne thers. I shut dwn and clsed myself ff. I became really cld,” he said.
Lukumu’s kindness became a turning pint. When Rman’s grandmther arrived t take him hme and ffered a reward, Lukumu refused but jined them fr dinner — a gesture that began a friendship lasting ver seven years. “That ne act f kindness helped me see the gd in the wrld again,” Rman said, “Having him spend his entire day with me — a cmplete stranger, ut f the gdness f his heart — helped me put things int perspective. Lukumu abslutely changed my life.”
Tday, Lukumu wrks in the insurance industry in Austin, while Rman is a renewable energy develper. They check in n each ther a cuple f times a year. It all started with a shared ride — an encunter they’re bth still grateful fr.
2．What message des the stry cnvey?
A．Lve and kindness can restre faith in life.
B．Gd luck can change a hpeless situatin.
C．Lng-distance friendship requires regular cntact.
D．Career success cmes frm unexpected encunters.
2．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中Rman所说的话“Having him spend his entire day with me — a cmplete stranger, ut f the gdness f his heart — helped me put things int perspective. Lukumu abslutely changed my life. (有他整日与我相处——一个完全陌生的人，出于他的善心——这让我得以正确看待一切。Lukumu彻底改变了我的人生。)”可知，故事的核心是Lukumu对一个陌生人的无私陪伴，这一善举将正处于人生黑暗期、自我封闭的Rman拉了出来，让他重拾对世界和生活的信心。由此可知，爱与善意可以恢复对生活的信念。故选A项。
3.（25-26高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）Althugh scientists have been trying t make rbts smaller fr almst frty years, creating rbts smaller than a millimeter has been difficult. At such a tiny scale, physics wrks differently, and it has been hard t include advanced cmputing and sensing systems withut lsing perfrmance. As a result, mst micrrbts have nt been able t think, sense, r make decisins n their wn — abilities that are cmmn in larger rbts.
Nw, hwever, a rbt abut the size f a single-celled paramecium (草履虫) has been develped. It can sense, think, and act using its wn built-in systems fr cmputing, sensing, memry, mvement, and cmmunicatin.
This tiny rbt can detect its surrundings, make decisins based n digital instructins, and change its behavir — all within a space t small t see withut a micrscpe. T build it, researchers used methds frm semicnductr manufacturing, creating the rbt’s bdy, mving parts, and electrnic systems all at nce in large numbers. By carefully designing the circuits and parts t wrk well at a very small scale, the team reduced the size f self-cntained, prgrammable rbts by 10,000 times. Putting the cmputing pwer directly n the rbt als cuts cst and energy use t a minimum, which culd help make such rbts widely available in the future.
A key advance was integrating circuits and tiny fabricatin methds suited t self-perating micrrbts. The electrnic system runs n very little pwer — abut 100 nanwatts — and is made using a 55-nanmeter chip technlgy that perates efficiently at lw vltage. This design prevents pwer lss and allws multiple circuits t fit inside a rbt smaller than a millimeter.
If develped further, these rbts culd be prduced affrdably, with an estimated cst f abut ne cent per rbt when made in large quantities. Their ability t perate independently, cmbined with lw cst and simple use, culd make them valuable in many areas — frm studying living rganisms and tiny manufacturing t perfrming micrsurgery and delivering medicine inside the bdy.
3．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Challenges fr Tiny Rbts.B．Semicnductrs and Rbt Making.
C．A New Generatin f Rbts.D．A Breakthrugh f Smart Micrrbt.
3．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段“Nw, hwever, a rbt abut the size f a single-celled paramecium(草履虫)has been develped. It can sense, think, and act using its wn built-in systems fr cmputing, sensing, memry, mvement, and cmmunicatin.(然而现在，一款大小近似单细胞草履虫的机器人已研发成功。它能够借助自身内置的计算、传感、记忆、移动及通信系统，实现感知、思考和行动)”可知，文章主要讲述了微型机器人制造取得突破，研发出能独立感知、思考和行动的微型机器人，并介绍其特点和应用前景，D选项“智能微型机器人的突破”能准确概括文章内容。故选D项。
易错04 过度引申：过度推断或延伸原文内容
易错典题
【例4】(2023新课标II卷阅读理解B篇第27题)
Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill’s students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt, mst are eager t try smething new.
Urban Spruts’ classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they’re eating differently,” Jaramill says.
She adds that the prgram’s benefits g beynd nutritin. Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill’s special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
27. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Rescuing Schl GardensB. Experiencing Cuntry Life
C. Grwing Vegetable LversD. Changing Lcal Landscape
27.主旨大意题。本文介绍了学校花园项目“Urban Spruts”发起的目的、学生最初对它的反应、项目活动内容以及它给学生的身心健康带来的良好影响。由此推知,C项“变成蔬菜的爱好者”可以概括“Urban Spruts”项目的作用,适合作为本文的标题。故选C项。
【错因分析】错误选项对原文内容进行了过度推断或延伸，超出了原文的范围和作者的意图。例如，原文只是描述了某种现象，选项却推测出该现象的长远影响或未来发展趋势。
【干货必记】标题概括题满分策略点拨
1.设题特点
记叙文标题概括题题目要求考生在理解文章的基础上，结合文章的体裁和结构，从所给的选项中选出适合文章的标题。注意标题的特点：精准性、概括性和新颖性。 此类标题往往比较含蓄，有时候是文章反复出现的关键词，有时候是文章的线索词。
2.思维导图

3.解题策略
首先，特别关注说明文“倒三角形”结构，重视文章首段主题引领作用。
其次，如果首段较长的话，重视but, nw, hwever往往是文章核心话题。
第三，除了“首段”还应注意每段“段首”可能是本段主题句，分要点。
第四，注意研读标题的话题与首段对照，排除法逐步缩小范围去伪存真。
举一反三
1.（25-26高三上·山西太原·期末）After decades f wrking as a fd clumnist, there were parts f me that were flabby, s it was with my brain. It wuld g blank mid-sentence when I tried t recall a fancy ingredient’s name. T challenge this ld grey matter, I threw myself int a brand-new challenge: sinking a big sum f mney and nearly a year int training fr Lndn’s Blue Badge, a turist guide qualificatin recgnized and respected internatinally. Hwever, it was nt a decisin I tk lightly.
My fellw trainees were wnderfully diverse, frm acrss the glbe and varius walks f life, ranging frm taxi drivers and university lecturers t managers and retired teachers. Our training was n walk in the park: 12 demanding exams, twice-weekly lectures, day trips t Canterbury, and the tughest training: guiding n a 60-seat bus in frnt f my clleagues, describing buildings withut sunding like a satellite navigatin system. At times my head was bursting with tiny details: frm the number f steps t St. Paul’s dme (穹顶) t the rigin f guards’ bearskins, even the name f Churchill’s dg! It was a steep and verwhelming learning curve.
But eventually, I earned my Blue Badge. I’m nt ashamed t say there were tears when the cnfirmatin came thrugh. Nw, I still write and take internatinal visitrs arund Lndn. They arrive with enthusiasm, glass-half-full attitudes and seemingly n jet lag. Things I’ve taken fr granted ver 30 years, such as duble-decker buses, pub signs and plicemen n hrses, are an endless surce f delight fr them and their questins are wnderfully varied.
This jurney has rekindled my passin fr ur capital. Abve all, it has added a new string t my prfessinal bw, even thugh I’m well int my sixties.
1．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Guide’s Tugh Training Jurney
B．Never T Late t Reshape Yurself
C．The Glbal Value f a Blue Badge
D．Seeing Lndn Thrugh Visitrs’ Eyes
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“T challenge this ld grey matter, I threw myself int a brand-new challenge: sinking a big sum f mney and nearly a year int training fr Lndn’s Blue Badge, a turist guide qualificatin recgnized and respected internatinally. (为了锻炼自己的老脑筋，我毅然迎接一项全新的挑战：投入一大笔资金，又耗时近一年接受培训，备考伦敦蓝牌导游资格证 —— 这是一项在全球范围内都受认可、受推崇的导游资质)”以及第四段中的“Abve all, it has added a new string t my prfessinal bw, even thugh I’m well int my sixties.(最重要的是，尽管我已经年过六旬，这段经历却为我的职业技能增添了新的一笔)”可知，文章核心讲述年过六旬的作者通过考取导游证完成自我重塑，印证了活到老、提升自己到老的道理，“重塑自我，永远为时不晚”最贴合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
2.（2026·江苏镇江·一模）Plants can be grwn in flexible ways. Besides planting seeds, a special methd allws grwing new plants frm parts f ther plants, like rse stems r ptat tubers — these cpies like the mther plant are called plant clnes.
The technique t make plant clnes is knwn as micrprpagatin (微繁殖). It uses tiny pieces f plant tissue, called explants (外植体), frm a “mther plant” and raises them in a clean lab with nutrient-rich media, under cntrlled light, temperature, and humidity. The key lies in the ability f a single cell t develp int a whle rganism, and dedifferentiatin (去分化), where mature cells return t a dividing state befre frming new tissues and rgans.
Suppse yu have a favrite garden plant with unique, attractive flwers but it prduces n seeds. In nature, sme plants depend n bees, insects, r birds t develp seeds — withut these helpers, they may die seedless. T grw it, yu can try micrprpagatin. Beynd reslving the seedless plant prblem, it can als efficiently reprduce ecnmically imprtant species like bananas, saving time and cst. Mrever, it enables the prductin f virus-free plants and helps reprduce stress-tlerant varieties that therwise struggle t prduce seeds.
Yu might be curius abut the materials and experimental setup required fr this mdern technique. The prcess needs a mther plant, suitable explants, and a nutrient medium. After being cleaned, explants grw int cmplete plants in a rm with a cntrlled envirnment. Later, they are hardened and relcated t greenhuses r fields. Additinally, simple micrprpagatin, such as using stem cuttings f rses, lets peple grw plants at hme withut seeds, ffering a cnvenient way t reprduce belved plants.
2．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Micrprpagatin: Its Truble and Cst.
B．Explants: Frm Leaves t Plants.
C．Plant Clning: Its Benefits and Prcedure.
D．Nutrient Media: Energy fr Plant Grwth.
2．主旨大意题。文章第一段介绍了植物克隆这种特殊的方法，第二段介绍了植物克隆的原理，第三段介绍了植物克隆的好处，第四段介绍了植物克隆的过程，由此可知，文章主要介绍了植物克隆的好处和程序，故选项C适合作为这篇文章的最佳标题。故选C。
3.（25-26高三上·河北衡水·月考）When we’re cnfrnting a cnfusing prblem, we ften gather a grup t brainstrm. We’re lking t the team t get the best ideas as quickly as pssible. I lve seeing it happen — except fr ne catch. Grup brainstrming usually backfires.
In brainstrming meetings, many gd ideas are lst — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shws that when we generate ideas tgether, we fail t maximize cllective intelligence. Brainstrming grups fall s far shrt f their ptential that we may get mre and better ideas if we all wrk alne. As the humrist Dave Barry said, “If yu had t identify, in ne wrd, the reasn why the human race has nt achieved and never will achieve its full ptential, that wrd wuld be: meetings.” But the prblem isn’t meetings themselves; it’s hw we run them.
Think abut the brainstrming sessins yu’ve attended. Yu’ve prbably seen peple bite their tngues due t eg (自我价值感) threat (“I dn’t want t lk stupid.”) , nise (“We can’t all talk at nce.”) , and cnfrmity pressure (“Let’s all jump n the bss’s ship!”) . Gdbye, diversity f thught; hell, grupthink. These challenges are greater fr peple wh lack pwer r status: the mst junir persn in the rm r an intrvert (内向的人) drwning in a sea f extrverts (外向的人) .
T unearth the hidden ptential in teams, instead f brainstrming, we are better ff shifting t a prcess called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are sl. Yu start by asking everyne t generate ideas separately. Next, yu pl them and share them annymusly amng the grup. T preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them n their wn. Only then des the team cme tgether t select and refine the mst prmising ptins. When ideas are develped and assessed individually befre being chsen cllectively, pssibilities that might therwise g unnticed can surface and be advanced.
In brainstrming meetings, it’s t easy fr participatin t lean tward the biggest egs, the ludest vices, and the mst pwerful peple. The brainwriting prcess makes sure that all ideas are brught t the table and that all vices are brught int the cnversatin. The gal isn’t t be the smartest persn in the rm; it’s t make the rm smarter.
3．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Brainwriting: Releasing Team Ptential
B．Eg Threat: A Barrier in Grup Meetings
C．The Dwnside f Traditinal Brainstrming
D．Hw Outging Peple Dminate Brainstrming
3．主旨大意题。第1段引出传统头脑风暴的普遍应用及其隐藏的弊端；第2段指出传统头脑风暴效率低下的现状；第3段分析了导致其失效的根本原因；第4段提出“头脑书写”的替代方案并说明其优势；第5段进一步强调该方法能保障均衡参与的核心价值。由此可知，“Brainwriting: Releasing Team Ptential (头脑书写：释放团队潜力)”能概括全文的核心观点和解决方案，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。
【01记叙文段落大意题】（25-26高三上·重庆·月考）Fur days after Hurricane Ida made landfall, the New Orleans meterlgist (气象学家) Margaret Orr tk a break after twelve hurs n the air t reply t her fans n Twitter. Orr has been reprting the weather fr frty-tw years. Smene asked why the sun always shines befre a strm. “T remind us that the sun will shine again,” she replied, adding a heart emji. “The real reasn? Because yu’ve ften gt high pressure right ver yu, and it’s ht. The high mves ff t the east and pushes the system ur way.”
Many f her wrkmates were sleeping at the statin, but Orr preferred t g hme, where she had running water but n electricity. She culd handle nt having an air-cnditiner. Nt having Internet, thugh, was a hardship. She said, “I culdn’t check my scial media until I gt t wrk, which was annying.” In the days leading up t Ida, peple cntacted Orr thrugh Twitter t get individualized, practical advice. Orr tried t respnd t everyne. This dedicatin earned her, great respect frm the residents.
Orr has always been fascinated by weather. In 1965, when she was twelve years ld, the wind frm Hurricane Betsy blew the rf ff her family’s huse in New Orleans. She remembers ging utside and standing in the eye f the strm. “I lked up and saw the sky and saw the stars,” she said.
“Bad weather happens everywhere,” she said. “Every nw and then, n Twitter, yu’ll see peple saying, why d yu live there? Well, I live here because it’s my hme. This is where I grew up. This is the place I lve.” She went n, “After Hurricane Katrina, I thught, culd I live anywhere else? And I decided, n, I culdn’t.” She added, “As my daughter said abut New Orleans when she was a little girl, ‘I even lve the dirt.’”
1．What kind f persn is Orr accrding t paragraph 1?
A．Hardwrking and serius.B．Curius and cmmitted.
C．Prfessinal and inspiring.D．Knwledgeable and brave.
2．Why was Orr respected by the residents?
A．She vercame tugh living cnditins.B．She devted herself t helping thers.
C．She had many cntacts n the Internet.D．She returned hme after the hurricane.
3．Why as Orr’s experience in 1965 mentined?
A．T indicate the absence f rescue effrts.
B．T highlight the pwer f natural disasters.
C．T stress the necessity f weather frecasting.
D．T shw weather cnditins’ attractin t her.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Orr’s cnnectin with hme.B．Orr’s knwledge f weather.
C．Orr’s ptimism abut life.D．Orr’s lve fr her daughter.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍气象学家玛格丽特・奥尔坚守岗位、心系民众及热爱家乡的故事。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Orr has been reprting the weather fr frty-tw years. Smene asked why the sun always shines befre a strm. “T remind us that the sun will shine again,” she replied, adding a heart emji. “The real reasn? Because yu’ve ften gt high pressure right ver yu, and it’s ht. The high mves ff t the east and pushes the system ur way.” (奥尔已经播报了42年的天气。有人问为什么暴风雨前总是阳光明媚。“提醒我们阳光总会再次照耀，”她补充了一个爱心表情符号回答道。“真正的原因？因为你所处的位置通常会有高压笼罩，天气炎热。高压向东移动，将风暴系统推向我们这边。) ”可知，奥尔既给出了富有感染力的暖心回答，又解释了专业的气象原理，体现出她专业且鼓舞人心的特质。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the days leading up t Ida, peple cntacted Orr thrugh Twitter t get individualized, practical advice. Orr tried t respnd t everyne. This dedicatin earned her great respect frm the residents. (在飓风艾达来临前的日子里，人们通过推特联系奥尔，寻求个性化的实用建议。奥尔努力回复每一个人。这份奉献精神为她赢得了居民们的高度尊重。) ”可知，奥尔因尽心尽力帮助他人而受到居民尊重。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Orr has always been fascinated by weather. In 1965, when she was twelve years ld, the wind frm Hurricane Betsy blew the rf ff her family’s huse in New Orleans .(奥尔一直对天气非常着迷。1965年，12岁的她遭遇了飓风贝琪，飓风掀翻了她家在新奥尔良的屋顶。) ”可知，提及这段经历是为了说明天气状况对她的吸引力。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的““Every nw and then, n Twitter, yu’ll see peple saying, why d yu live there? Well, I live here because it’s my hme. This is where I grew up. This is the place I lve.” “After Hurricane Katrina, I thught, culd I live anywhere else? And I decided, n, I culdn’t.” (“时不时地，在推特上，你会看到人们说，你为什么住在那里？嗯，我住在这里是因为这是我的家。这是我长大的地方。这是我热爱的故土。”“卡特里娜飓风过后，我曾想，我还能住到别的地方去吗？然后我确定，不能。”)”可知，该段主要讲述奥尔与家乡之间深厚的羁绊。故选A项。
【02说明文段落大意题】（25-26高三上·陕西咸阳·期末）The inventin f the stethscpe is widely credited t the 19th-century French dctr Rene Laënnec. Befre the inventin, dctrs ften placed their ear directly n a patient’s chest t listen fr abnrmalities in breathing and heart sunds. In 1816, a yung lady suffering frm heart disease went t see Laënnec. Placing his ear n her chest, hwever, was cnsidered scially inapprpriate. Inspired by children sending sunds thrugh a lng wden stick utside his ffice, Laënnec instead rlled a sheet f paper t listen t her heart. He was surprised by the clear heart sunds he heard, and the first stethscpe was brn.
Over the next decades, researchers made sme imprtant imprvements. Firstly, a thin film called a diaphragm was added t amplify the slight sund that might be very hard fr ears t detect. The next majr breakthrugh ccurred in the mid-1850s, when Arthur Leared and Gerge Philip Cammann develped the s-called binaural stethscpe, which is remarkably similar t the stethscpes dctrs use tday: It had separate earpieces cnnected by tw flexible tubes t deliver sunds t bth ears and reduce utside nise.
Hwever, listening with human ears has limitatins. Abnrmal sunds ften emerge nly at advanced stages, when treatment is less effective. Mrever, different diseases may prduce similar sunds, making accurate diagnsis (诊断) extremely difficult.
T address these challenges, researchers are nw cmbining stethscpes with artificial intelligence (AI). First, they recrd sunds frm the stethscpe and then turn the sunds int electrnic signals that can be stred and analyzed by AI mdels.
The result seems t be prmising. Sme well-trained AI mdels can classify heart sunds crrectly ver 95% f the time and can even differentiate between types f heart disease with nearly 85% accuracy. Mst imprtantly, a few f them are able t detect heart and lung prblems at early stages.
1．Why did Rene Laënnec use a rlled sheet f paper t listen t his patient’s heart?
A．T cpy thse children.B．T avid embarrassment.
C．T amuse the yung lady.D．T test his new discvery.
2．Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “amplify” in paragraph 2?
A．Strengthen.B．Reduce.C．Deliver.D．Hide.
3．What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．Effects f timely treatment.B．Challenges f early diagnsis.
C．Limitatins f stethscpes.D．Great ptentials f AI mdels.
4．What is the authr’s main purpse in writing the text?
A．T demnstrate hw AI mdels are trained.
B．T explain what the binaural stethscpe is.
C．T tell the stethscpes’ majr develpments.
D．T shw the stethscpes’ wrking principles.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了听诊器的发明、改进及其在AI时代的运用。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In 1816, a yung lady suffering frm heart disease went t see Laënnec. Placing his ear n her chest, hwever, was cnsidered scially inapprpriate. Inspired by children sending sunds thrugh a lng wden stick utside his ffice, Laënnec instead rlled a sheet f paper t listen t her heart.(1816 年，一位患有心脏病的年轻女士前来就诊。然而，将耳朵贴在她的胸部被认为是不合适的。Laënnec受到孩子们在办公室外用一根长木棍传递声音的启发，于是将一张纸卷成圆筒状来听她的心跳。)”可知，Rene Laënnec为了避免尴尬才用纸筒听患者心脏的。故选B。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Over the next decades, researchers made sme imprtant imprvements. Firstly, a thin film called a diaphragm was added(在接下来的几十年里，研究人员对其进行了多项重要改进。首先，加装了一层名为振动膜的薄膜)”以及下文“the slight sund that might be very hard fr ears t detect(耳朵很难察觉的微弱声音)”可推断，加薄膜是对听诊器的改进，用于放大、增强难以察觉的微弱声音，划线词amplify意为“放大、增强”，与Strengthen意思一致。故选A。
3．段落大意题。根据最后一段“The result seems t be prmising. Sme well-trained AI mdels can classify heart sunds crrectly ver 95% f the time and can even differentiate between types f heart disease with nearly 85% accuracy. Mst imprtantly, a few f them are able t detect heart and lung prblems at early stages.(研究成果前景可观：一些训练成熟的AI模型，心跳声分类准确率超95%，甚至能以近85%的准确率区分不同类型的心脏病。最重要的是，部分模型可在早期阶段检测出心肺疾病。)”可知，这一段主要是谈听诊器与AI模型结合的前景，介绍AI模型的高准确率、可区分心脏病类型、能早期检测心肺问题，体现AI模型的巨大潜力。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“The inventin f the stethscpe is widely credited t the 19th-century French dctr Rene Laënnec.(听诊器的发明通常归功于19世纪的法国医生Rene Laënnec。)”、第二段中“Over the next decades, researchers made sme imprtant imprvements. (在接下来的几十年里，研究人员做出了一些重要的改进。)”、第四段中“T address these challenges, researchers are nw cmbining stethscpes with artificial intelligence (AI).(为了应对这些挑战，研究人员正在将听诊器与人工智能（AI）结合起来。)”并结合全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了听诊器的发明、改进及与AI的融合，按时间顺序说明听诊器的关键发展历程。故选C 。
【03说明文文章大意题】（2026·云南昭通·一模）When we talk abut animal intelligence, mice are nt always the first t cme t mind. Hwever, a new study, published in Current Bilgy, has revealed surprising results abut the cgnitive (认知的) abilities f these small animals, shwing they may be mre strategic than we think.
Kishre Kuchibhtla, a neurscientist (神经科学家) wh has lng wrked with mice, nticed a strange phenmenn: mice ften did prly in tests even when they seemed t knw hw t d well. They put frward tw pssible explanatins: the pr perfrmance was either caused by stress r a purpseful behavir f explring and testing their knwledge. T find ut why, Kuchibhtla and his graduate student Zi Yizhu designed a simple experiment.
In the experiment, mice were trained t respnd t tw different sunds. When they heard ne sund, they needed t turn a wheel t the left; fr the ther sund, they had t turn it t the right. Crrect respnses were rewarded. The researchers bserved that when hearing the same sund in cnstant trials, the mice wuld first turn left fr a while, then switch t right. These seemingly “mistakes” were actually purpseful actins. T further cnfirm, the team remved the reward. When a muse gave a crrect respnse but gt n reward, it immediately imprved its perfrmance in the next test. Kuchibhtla explained that this shwed the mice had an internal understanding f the task: the lack f reward brke their expectatins, making them use their existing knwledge t d better.
The researchers cncluded that the gap between the mice’s knwledge and their test perfrmance came frm explratin — a frm f strategic thinking. Thugh it’s hard t say animals frm frmal hyptheses (假设), mice may use higher cgnitive prcesses that invlve cnjecture abut task rules, frming an pinin that is nt based n definite knwledge. This kind f mental activity is similar t hw nnverbal human babies learn, as bth require the ability t prcess external infrmatin and frm initial perceptin f the envirnment.
This study deepens ur understanding f animal cgnitin. Next, the team plans t identify the neural basis f such strategic thinking and cmpare it acrss species.
1．What can pssibly explain the mice’s pr perfrmance in tests in paragraph 2?
A．Tiredness frm stressful life.B．Fear r internal pressure.
C．Lack f cgnitive abilities.D．Stress r intentinal explratin.
2．What wuld the mice d when the reward was remved?
A．Repeat the same respnse.B．Make mre purpseful mistakes.
C．Perfrm better in the next trial.D．Fail t use their existing knwledge.
3．What des the underlined wrd “cnjecture” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A．Explanatin.B．Guess.C．Recrd.D．Memry.
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．A new discvery abut mice’s unexpected cgnitive skills.
B．A research t find the neural basis f animal intelligence.
C．A discussin f strategic thinking in different animal species.
D．A cmparisn between mice and human babies’ thinking ability.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了新研究发现老鼠具有意外认知能力及策略性思维。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“They put frward tw pssible explanatins: the pr perfrmance was either caused by stress r a purpseful behavir f explring and testing their knwledge.(他们提出了两种可能的解释：表现不佳要么是由压力引起的，要么是一种探索和测试知识的有目的的行为)”可知，压力或故意的探索可能解释老鼠在测试中表现不佳的原因。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“When a muse gave a crrect respnse but gt n reward, it immediately imprved its perfrmance in the next test.(当一只老鼠做出正确的反应但没有得到奖励时，它立即在下次测试中提高了自己的表现)”可知，当奖励被移除时，老鼠会在下一次试验中表现得更好。故选C。
3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“Thugh it’s hard t say animals frm frmal hyptheses (假设), mice may use higher cgnitive prcesses that invlve cnjecture abut task rules, frming an pinin that is nt based n definite knwledge.(虽然很难说动物会形成正式的假设，但老鼠可能会使用更高的认知过程，包括对任务规则的cnjecture，形成一种不基于明确知识的观点)”可知，本句是在解释老鼠形成观点的过程，结合“nt based n definite knwledge”可推测，老鼠的这种观点不是基于明确的知识，而是基于猜测。由此可知，划线词cnjecture意为“猜测”，与Guess意思相近。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hwever, a new study, published in Current Bilgy, has revealed surprising results abut the cgnitive (认知的) abilities f these small animals, shwing they may be mre strategic than we think.(然而，发表在《当代生物学》上的一项新研究揭示了这些小动物令人惊讶的认知能力，表明它们可能比我们想象的更有策略性)”及全文可知，本文主要介绍了关于老鼠具有意想不到的认知能力的新发现。故选A。
【04议论文段落大意题】（25-26高三上·北京顺义·期末）Tday’s best artificial intelligence (AI) mdels sail thrugh the Turing test, a famus thught experiment that asks whether a cmputer can pass as a human by interacting thrugh text.
Sme see an upgraded test as a necessary standard fr prgress twards artificial general intelligence (AGI) — an unclear term used by many technlgy firms t mean an AI system with the resurcefulness t match any human cgnitive (认知的) ability. But at an academic event n 2 Octber, several researchers said that the Turing test shuld be abandned altgether, and that develpers shuld instead fcus n evaluating AI safety and building specific capabilities that culd be f benefit t the public.
“The idea f AGI might nt be the right gal, at least nt nw,” said Gary Marcus, a neurscientist. This dubt is rted in the fundamental limitatins f current AI, which are ften ptimized versins f large language mdels (LLMs). In March, researchers tested fur chatbts in a versin f the Turing test, and fund that the best mdels passed.
Yet the fact that chatbts can imitate (模仿) speech credibly des nt mean that they can understand, said several researchers at the event. Althugh LLM respnses can be surprisingly human, “when yu g utside the bx f what yu nrmally ask f these systems, they have a lt f truble”, said Marcus. As examples, he cited the inability f sme mdels t label the parts n an elephant crrectly, r t draw clck hands in anywhere but the ten and tw psitins. Fr this reasn, mdels culd still fail the Turing test if they are challenged by a scientist wh knws their weaknesses.
Shannn Vallr, an AI ethicist (伦理学家), argued that the fcus n AGI is a distractin that allws tech firms t ignre ptential harms f the technlgy, such as de-skilling humans, prducing false and negative imaginatins and deepening existing prejudices in the data LLMs learn frm. Rather than intelligence standards, mdels shuld cmpete n safety measures, “alng with the test f hw easy it is t abuse the tl and hw likely the tl is t d smething unexpected and undesirable in a real-wrld cntext”, she said.
William Isaac, wh researches AI use in public plicy bradly agreed; the Turing test f the future shuld questin whether an AI is safe, reliable and prvides meaningful benefit.
1．What des the authr intend t d by mentining AGI in Paragraph 2?
A．Clarify a cncept.B．Highlight a prblem.
C．Make a predictin.D．Justify a cmparisn.
2．What can we learn abut LLMs frm this passage?
A．They have human-like understanding.
B．They succeed in upgraded Turing tests.
C．They utperfrm humans in respnsiveness.
D．They need t be develped fr the public gd.
3．As fr tech firms’ current practices, Shannn Vallr is ________.
A．appreciativeB．dubtfulC．cautiusD．critical
4．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The functins f current AI.
B．The prpsal f a new AI test.
C．A shift in the fcus f AI research.
D．A debate n the test perfrmance f AI.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨图灵测试的局限性，多位研究者认为应摒弃该测试，将AI研究重心转向安全性评估与公共有益能力的构建，而非追求通用人工智能。
1．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Sme see an upgraded test as a necessary standard fr prgress twards artificial general intelligence (AGI) — an unclear term used by many technlgy firms t mean an AI system with the resurcefulness t match any human cgnitive ability. But at an academic event n 2 Octber, several researchers said that the Turing test shuld be abandned altgether, and that develpers shuld instead fcus n evaluating AI safety and building specific capabilities that culd be f benefit t the public. (一些人将升级版测试视为迈向通用人工智能的必要标准，通用人工智能是许多科技公司使用的一个模糊术语，指的是一种拥有与人类任何认知能力相匹敌的应变能力的人工智能系统。但在10月2日的一场学术活动中，几位研究人员表示，图灵测试应该被彻底摒弃，开发者反而应该专注于评估人工智能的安全性，并构建可能对公众有益的特定能力。)”可知，作者提及通用人工智能是为了引出研究者对图灵测试的质疑，凸显当下以通用人工智能为目标、依赖图灵测试的问题。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But at an academic event n 2 Octber, several researchers said that the Turing test shuld be abandned altgether, and that develpers shuld instead fcus n evaluating AI safety and building specific capabilities that culd be f benefit t the public. (但在10月2日的一场学术活动中，几位研究人员表示，图灵测试应该被彻底摒弃，开发者反而应该专注于评估人工智能的安全性，并构建可能对公众有益的特定能力。)”以及第三段中的“This dubt is rted in the fundamental limitatins f current AI, which are ften ptimized versins f large language mdels (LLMs). (这种质疑源于当前人工智能的根本性局限，而当前的人工智能往往是大型语言模型的优化版本。)”可知，大型语言模型作为当前AI的主要形式，需要朝着为公共利益服务的方向发展。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Shannn Vallr, an AI ethicist (伦理学家), argued that the fcus n AGI is a distractin that allws tech firms t ignre ptential harms f the technlgy, such as de-skilling humans, prducing false and negative imaginatins and deepening existing prejudices in the data LLMs learn frm. (人工智能伦理学家香农·瓦洛尔认为，对通用人工智能的关注是一种干扰，这让科技公司忽视了该技术的潜在危害，比如导致人类技能退化、产生虚假和负面的想象，以及加深大型语言模型所学习数据中现存的偏见。)”可知，香农·瓦洛尔对科技公司当前聚焦通用人工智能、忽视技术潜在危害的做法持批判态度。故选D项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，第一段指出当下优秀的AI模型能通过图灵测试，第二段引出研究者认为应摒弃图灵测试、转而关注AI安全性和公共有益能力，后续段落通过多位研究者的观点，分析当前AI的局限、科技公司做法的问题，并提出未来AI测试应聚焦安全性、可靠性和实际益处，核心围绕AI研究重心应从图灵测试、通用人工智能转向安全性与公共利益展开，即AI研究重心的转变。故选C项。
【05记叙文标题概括题】（25-26高三上·山西运城·期末）Ging t Antarctica is a dream gal fr many, but fr Cry Lee, it is that and much mre. At the age f tw, Lee was fund t have a type f muscle disease. He started using a wheelchair full-time when he was 4 years ld. That didn’t stp Lee frm visiting 37 cuntries, including Mrcc, Australia, India, Csta Rica, Finland, and many mre.
As a wheelchair user, planning trips requires extensive research. Thrugh his blg, Lee has shared tips n what t lk fr and where t g fr the best experience. He typically begins researching a trip six t twelve mnths in advance. He searches fr accessible transprtatin and attractins, and cntacts htels r rental hmes ahead f time t request phts and make sure they are truly accessible-a practice he strngly recmmends t thers.
In Mrcc, Lee rde a camel using a specially designed seat. “It had a full backrest, almst like sitting in a chair,” he explained. His 2014 visit t Sydney was memrable. “It was the first time I’d traveled smewhere and felt cmpletely independent,” he recalled.
Lee credits his mther, Sandy Gilbreath, fr inspiring his lve f travel. “She always tld me, ‘If yu can’t stand up, stand ut,’” Lee said. “That’s why I set big gals and keep ging n with my dreams s actively. I hpe t stand ut as much as I can and inspire thers.” T spread that message, Lee and his mther c-wrte a children’s bk, Let’s Explre With Cr Cr, abut a child explring the wrld in a wheelchair.
Nw that he has visited all seven cntinents, Lee’s new life gal is t explre every US Natinal Park. Other items n his bucket list include skiing, eating pizza in Italy, visiting the Great Wall f China, and attending the Paralympic Games.
1．Why des Lee cntact htels befre his trips?
A．T get the best rm prices.B．T learn abut nearby sights.
C．T share his travel experiences.D．T check their wheelchair access.
2．What made Lee’s Sydney trip special?
A．He wrte a bk abut it.B．He traveled withut any help.
C．He went there with his family.D．He tried lcal fd fr the first time.
3．What drives Lee t pursue big dreams?
A．His mther’s encuraging wrds.B．His wn extensive research.
C．His plan t start a travel business.D．His desire t win travel cmpetitins.
4．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Typical Accessible TripB．Travel Has N Bundaries
C．Lee Owns Adventurus PlansD．An Excellent Travel Expert
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B
【导语】本篇是记叙文。本文主要讲述了Cry Lee因患有残疾不得不在轮椅上生活，但他勇于打破局限，积极生活，进行环球旅行的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“He searches fr accessible transprtatin and attractins, and cntacts htels r rental hmes ahead f time t request phts and make sure they are truly accessible-a practice he strngly recmmends t thers.(他会寻找便捷的交通方式和旅游景点，并提前与酒店或出租房屋的主人取得联系，要求他们提供照片，并确认这些地方确实便于通行——他强烈建议其他人也采用这种做法)”可知，Lee提前打电话给酒店是为了考察是否适合自己，故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“It was the first time I’d traveled smewhere and felt cmpletely independent(这是我第一次独自去外地旅行，也第一次体会到彻头彻尾的独立感)”可知，Lee在悉尼的旅行没有获得别人的帮助，是自己独立完成的，因此很独特，故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段““She always tld me, ‘If yu can’t stand up, stand ut,’” Lee said. “That’s why I set big gals and keep ging n with my dreams s actively. I hpe t stand ut as much as I can and inspire thers.”(Lee说：“她总是跟我说，‘如果你站不起来，那就一定要让自己脱颖而出。’这就是为什么我设定远大的目标，并积极地追求自己的梦想。我希望自己能尽可能地脱颖而出，激励他人。”)”可知，是妈妈鼓舞人心的话让他大胆追逐梦想，故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Nw that he has visited all seven cntinents, Lee’s new life gal is t explre every US Natinal Park. Other items n his bucket list include skiing, eating pizza in Italy, visiting the Great Wall f China, and attending the Paralympic Games.(既然他已经游历了七大洲，Lee的新人生目标便是探索美国的每一个国家公园。他的愿望清单上的其他事项还包括滑雪、在意大利品尝披萨、参观中国的长城以及参加残奥会)”以及文章主要讲述了Cry Lee虽然残疾却打破局限去旅行的故事，B选项“旅行没有界限”最符合文章标题。故选B。
【06说明文标题概括题】（2026·云南昆明·一模）In a bright cafe just ff Leith Walk in Edinburgh, a grup f yung peple gather arund a table cvered with fabric pieces, small decratins and crchet (钩针) tls. Each sessin brings a new theme: ne week it’s crchet, the next jewellery-making, the week after that they learn latte-art. Cffees are enjyed, biscuits are passed arund and laughter fills the rm.
This is the Girls Craft Club, funded earlier this year by art histry graduate Gabby after a medical finding f attentin deficit hyperactivity disrder (注意力缺陷多动障碍) left her feeling discnnected. “We were all ging thrugh life prblems,” she says. “We decided t make smething beautiful ut f it. When yu make yur wn bag r repair yur clthes, yu value them differently. And yu value yurself differently, t.”
What may seem like pure lnging fr the past is, in fact, part f a wider cultural shift. Acrss the UK, Generatin Z is taking up hbbies nce mre assciated with their grandparents r great grandparents: crchet and jewellery-making, pttery cafes and baking clubs that ech Cme Dine With Me. These “slw” pastimes are taking ff, nt because they are an ld trend being brught back, but because they ffer smething peple feel is urgently missing: cnnectin, purpse and relief frm digital burnut.
This return t ffline hbbies is happening against a difficult natinal backdrp. Britain’s teenagers are amng the unhappiest in Eurpe. In its Gd Childhd reprt last year, the Children’s Sciety warned f a yuth happiness decline, with just ver 25% f 15-year-lds in the UK reprting lw life satisfactin, cmpared with 7% in the Netherlands.
Fr Gabby, these hbbies have becme a lifeline. “As life speeds up, we need t actively decide t slw dwn,” she says.
During crafting and cnversatin, Britain’s yung peple are building smething imprtant: cnnectin.
1．Why did Gabby start the Girls Craft Club?
A．T practise creative skills in grups.B．T hld weekly themed craft sessins.
C．T develp self-wrth thrugh crafting.D．T seek medical treatment fr an illness.
2．What makes “slw” hbbies ppular in the UK?
A．A lnging fr the past.B．A relief frm digital stress.
C．A pursuit f persnal grwth.D．A hpe fr cultural diversity.
3．Hw des the authr use the Gd Childhd reprt t supprt the text?
A．By prviding related statistics.B．By ffering a simple slutin.
C．By expressing a persnal view.D．By cmparing sme cuntries.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Crafts Rejuvenatin: Hbbies Cnnect Gen ZB．Offline Hbbies: Gen Z Escape the Old Trends
C．Yuth Cultural Exchange: A Natinal CncernD．Crafting Cmmunities: The Value f Innvatin
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了英国 Z 世代兴起钩针、烘焙等传统慢爱好，Gabby 为此创办手工俱乐部。这类活动能缓解数字倦怠、带来联结与价值感，也回应了英国青少年幸福感偏低的社会现状。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“When yu make yur wn bag r repair yur clthes, yu value them differently. And yu value yurself differently, t.(当你自己动手制作包或者修补衣物时，你会对它们有着不同的重视程度。而你对自身的重视程度也会随之有所不同)”可知，加比创办了“女孩手工俱乐部”是为了通过手工制作来提升自我价值。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“These “slw” pastimes are taking ff, nt because they are an ld trend being brught back, but because they ffer smething peple feel is urgently missing: cnnectin, purpse and relief frm digital burnut.(这些“缓慢”的消遣活动正逐渐流行起来，这并非因为它们是某种古老潮流的回归，而是因为它们满足了人们内心深处迫切渴望的东西：人与人之间的联系、明确的目标以及对数字技术过度使用所带来的压力的缓解)”可知，在英国，“慢节奏”爱好如此受欢迎是因为这是一种缓解数字压力的方式。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“This return t ffline hbbies is happening against a difficult natinal backdrp. Britain’s teenagers are amng the unhappiest in Eurpe. In its Gd Childhd reprt last year, the Children’s Sciety warned f a yuth happiness decline, with just ver 25% f 15-year-lds in the UK reprting lw life satisfactin, cmpared with 7% in the Netherlands.(这种回归线下活动的兴趣爱好现象是在一个严峻的国内背景下出现的。英国青少年是欧洲最不幸福的群体之一。在去年发布的《美好童年》报告中，儿童协会警告称青少年的幸福感正在下降，英国15岁青少年中仅有略超过25%的人表示生活满意度较低，而荷兰这一比例仅为7%)”可知，作者通过提供相关数据来支撑文章内容。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In a bright cafe just ff Leith Walk in Edinburgh, a grup f yung peple gather arund a table cvered with fabric pieces, small decratins and crchet (钩针) tls. Each sessin brings a new theme: ne week it’s crchet, the next jewellery-making, the week after that they learn latte-art. Cffees are enjyed, biscuits are passed arund and laughter fills the rm.(在爱丁堡莱斯街旁的一家明亮的咖啡馆里，一群年轻人围坐在一张铺着布料碎片、小装饰品和钩针工具的桌子旁。每次活动都有不同的主题：一周是钩针编织，下一周是珠宝制作，再过一周则是学习拿铁艺术。大家一边享用咖啡，一边分享着饼干，房间里充满了欢声笑语)”结合文章主要说明了英国 Z 世代兴起钩针、烘焙等传统慢爱好，Gabby 为此创办手工俱乐部。这类活动能缓解数字倦怠、带来联结与价值感，也回应了英国青少年幸福感偏低的社会现状。可知，A选项“文艺复兴：爱好让 Z 世代重焕活力”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【07议论文标题概况题】（25-26高三上·广东广州·期中）While we race int a future where we utsurce (外包) mst f ur prblem-slving t artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is nt super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting t much trust in Big Tech and nt enugh trust in the pwer f ur wn minds.
A philsphy f artful thinking is a gd way t avid this. T think artfully means t slve prblems using nt just ur brains, but als ur hands, eyes, and ears, alng with ur emtins. This apprach taps int the cgnitive (认知的) resurces that are spread thrughut ur bdies but ften g unused.
Changing hw we think is hard wrk. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful f hw we think with ur bdy, hw we use ur limbs (四肢), rgans, and emtins t make sense f the wrld. Be mindful f all the different messages yur bdy is sending yu as well as the different rles and functins yur bdily actins can play. Fr example, gesturing (做手势) in cnversatins is nt just cmmunicative. These mvements ften help the speaker t smth ut their thught prcess and assist in getting the wrds ut.
Tday, Big Tech is pushing a message f artificial-intelligence craziness and fear. What makes yu stuck in it? It’s seeing the same things wherever yu lk. Big Tech gives yu screens, hping that yur attentin will always be attracted by their devices. If yu want t find mre freedm in this AI-filled wrld, imprve yur ability t mindfully shift yur attentin between different bjects r levels f fcus. Remember everything is brn f a chice.
Artful thinking demands effrtful mindfulness t ensure that what we d, what we hpe t achieve by using these technlgical tls, will nt weaken ur humanity. As Thich Nhat Hanh said, “Mindful living is an art, and each f us has t train t be an artist.”
1．Accrding t the authr, what is the primary threat psed by ver-trusting Big Tech?
A．It will cause peple t rely entirely n screens fr cmmunicatin.
B．It may lead t the rapid develpment f super intelligent machinery.
C．It culd weaken ur ability t think and t use ur minds independently.
D．It prevents artificial intelligence frm slving cmplex prblems effectively.
2．What is suppsed t be included in a mindfulness practice?
A．Cncentrating n making prper gestures.
B．Being aware f ur bdy’s rle in thinking.
C．Attaching imprtance t different bdy parts.
D．Laying emphasis n nnverbal cmmunicatin.
3．Why des the authr mentin gesturing during cnversatins?
A．T argue that peple shuld speak less and gesture mre.
B．T shw that bdy language is mre effective than speech.
C．T illustrate hw physical actins can supprt and clarify thinking.
D．T emphasize the imprtance f nnverbal cmmunicatin in AI develpment.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Dangers f Artificial Intelligence
B．The Art f Mindful Thinking in the AI Age
C．Hw t Imprve Cmmunicatin Thrugh Gestures
D．The Greatest Threat f Super Intelligent AI Machinery
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了在人工智能时代，过度依赖大型科技公司及其技术可能带来的问题，并强调了通过“巧妙思考”这一哲学来避免这些问题的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“While we race int a future where we utsurce (外包) mst f ur prblem-slving t artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is nt super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting t much trust in Big Tech and nt enugh trust in the pwer f ur wn minds.(在我们奔向将大多数问题解决外包给人工智能的未来时，最大的威胁并非超级智能机器，而是盲目地过度信任大型科技公司，同时对自身心智力量信任不足)”可知，作者认为盲目过度信任大型科技公司意味着我们对自身心智力量信任不足，它带来的主要威胁在于会进一步削弱了我们独立思考和使用大脑的能力。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“Changing hw we think is hard wrk. And it starts with a mindfulness practice. Accessing artful intelligence requires being mindful f hw we think with ur bdy, hw we use ur limbs (四肢), rgans, and emtins t make sense f the wrld.(改变我们的思维方式是一项艰巨的工作。它始于一种正念练习。获取巧妙思考的能力需要我们关注我们如何用身体思考，我们如何利用我们的四肢、器官和情感来理解这个世界)”可知，正念练习包括关注我们的身体在思考中的作用。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Be mindful f all the different messages yur bdy is sending yu as well as the different rles and functins yur bdily actins can play. Fr example, gesturing (做手势) in cnversatins is nt just cmmunicative. These mvements ften help the speaker t smth ut their thught prcess and assist in getting the wrds ut. (请留意身体向你传递的各种信息，以及身体动作所能扮演的不同角色和功能。例如，交谈时做手势不仅是为了沟通，这些动作往往能帮助说话者理顺思维过程，辅助语言表达)”可知，作者提到对话中的手势是为了说明身体动作如何支持和阐明思维。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“While we race int a future where we utsurce (外包) mst f ur prblem-slving t artificial intelligence, the greatest threat is nt super intelligent machinery. It’s mindlessly putting t much trust in Big Tech and nt enugh trust in the pwer f ur wn minds.(在我们奔向将大多数问题解决外包给人工智能的未来时，最大的威胁并非超级智能机器，而是盲目地过度信任大型科技公司，同时对自身心智力量信任不足)”和第二段中“A philsphy f artful thinking is a gd way t avid this.(巧妙思考的哲学是避免这种情况的好方法)”可知，文章主要讨论了在人工智能时代，过度依赖大型科技公司及其技术可能带来的问题，并强调了通过“巧妙思考”这一哲学来避免这些问题的重要性，B项“人工智能时代的巧妙思考艺术”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
选项
选项
答案注释
A
Rescuing Schl Gardens拯救学校花园项目
干扰较大，rescue主观臆断
B
Experiencing Cuntry Life体验乡村生活
偏离文章主题，过度引申
C
Grwing Vegetable Lvers变成蔬菜爱好者
涵盖性强，紧扣本文主题
D
Changing Lcal Landscape改变当地风景
偏离文章主题，过度引申