高考英语二轮-阅读理解之主旨要义题（练习）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之主旨要义题（练习）（教师版），共48页。
题型一 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题
Passage 1
Smartphnes, tablets and ther digital devices can be addictive. They affect sleep. They draw kids int an alternate universe, ften distracting（使分心）them frm mre prductive-and healthier-real-wrld activities. And they are ften linked t anxiety and depressin, learning disabilities and besity（肥胖）. Yet fr many teenagers, cellphnes and scial media are als abslutely necessary tls fr planning their scial lives, keeping up with schlwrk and staying in tuch with ut-f-twn friends and relatives.
Hw can parents make the mst f the cnstructive uses f screen-based technlgy while minimizing its harmful effects？
The key is helping kids use technlgy as a tl, nt a ty, “where there’s sme purpse ther than the medicatin f bredm,” says Jim Taylr, a psychlgist and authr f the bk Raising Generatin Tech：Preparing Yur Children fr a Media-fueled Wrld. Taylr, like many ther medical and mental health prfessinals, advises parents t set limits and stick t them. They shuld restrict the amunt f time their kids spend n devices, create tech-free znes-n cellphnes in their bedrms, fr example-and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants and n family utings.
Perhaps the best thing yu can d is serve as a gd rle mdel by exhibiting the same nline behavir yu expect f yur children, says Dr. Elias Abujaude, a Stanfrd University psychiatrist. “If parents are breaking their wn rules,” Abujaude says, “kids cannt be expected t behave differently.”
Chad Landgraf, 44, f Oklahma, tld me he was wrried abut hw addicted his 12-year-ld sn and 5-year-ld daughter became when they were n their devices. S, hping t set an example, he switched frm e-bks t ld-fashined print. “When I had my Kindle r ipad pen, they. didn’t knw if I was reading r surfing the net,” Landgraf says. “But at least if I have a paper cpy f a bk, they knw I am reading. Mdeling seems like the easiest way.”
1．What may be the result f children’s using digital devices?
A．Health imprvement.B．Free creatin.
C．Sleep disrder.D．Gd cnduct
2．What des Jim Taylr suggest parents ding?
A．Killing time by using screen-based technlgy.
B．Frbidding kids using smartphnes.
C．Setting clear bundaries fr kids.
D．Restricting tech-free family time.
3．Why did Chad pick up ld-fashined print?
A．He was afraid f becming addicted.B．He expected t be a rle mdel.
C．He was tired f surfing the net.D．He preferred paper cpies f bks.
4．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Parenting in a digital wrldB．Learning t be intelligent parents
C．Using smart devices wiselyD．Helping children behave themselves
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．B 4．A
【难度】0.65
1．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They affect sleep.”（他们影响睡眠。）可知，孩子使用电子设备可能会导致睡眠紊乱。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Taylr, like many ther medical and mental health prfessinals, advises parents t set limits and stick t them.”（和其他许多医学和心理健康专家一样，Taylr建议父母设定界限，并严格遵守。）可知，Jim Taylr建议父母给孩子设定清楚的界限。故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“S, hping t set an example, he switched frm e-bks t ld-fashined print.”（因此，为了树立一个榜样，他从电子书转向了传统的印刷版。）可知，Chad捡起传统的印刷版是为了树立一个榜样。故选B。
4．标题判断题。根据第二段“Hw can parents make the mst f the cnstructive uses f screen-based technlgy while minimizing its harmful effects？”（父母如何才能最大限度地发挥基于屏幕的技术的建设性作用，同时最大限度地减少其有害影响?）可知，文章主要是讲在电子世界父母应该怎么做。故选A。
Passage 2
Trpical ( 热带的) rainfrests are disappearing at an alarming rate, and accrding t a new reprt by Rainfrest Fundatin Nrway, humans are t blame. The wrld’s dependence n cal, farming, beans, palm il and mining has resulted in tw-thirds f Earth’s trpical rainfrests being cmpletely destryed, and the remaining ecsystems being put clser t a tipping pint.
Trpical rainfrests nce cvered 14.5 millin square kilmeters f Earth’s surface, but nw, just ne-third f that remains undamaged. Of the riginal area trpical rainfrests nce ccupied, 34% is cmpletely gne and 30% is suffering frm damage. All that remains is rughly 9.5 millin square kilmeters, and 45% f that is in a degraded (恶化) state, the reprt says.
Researchers blame human cnsumptin fr the lss. While agriculture has always been a driving factr f rainfrest lss, the reprt said that energy cnsumptin, internatinal trade and the prductin f beans and palm il, lgging and mining have been the largest threats (威胁) ver the past century. A significant number f US prducts rely n resurces frm trpical rainfrests. The cuntry heavily relies n palm il, rubber and cca, all f which cme frm frests arund the wrld. Often, these resurces are harvested frm illegally destryed lands.
Trpical rainfrests are hme t mre than half f the Earth’s bidiversity and have mre carbn in living rganisms than any ther ecsystem. In additin t supprting significant animal life, trpical rainfrests are als necessary fr slwing dwn glbal warming. “These unique ecsystems are suffering frm cnstant abuse, thrugh ur bttmless appetite fr land and resurces,” said Anders Krgh, the authr f the reprt. “We expect that upcming UN climate and bidiversity summits prvide specific targets and measures t prtect trpical rainfrests.”
The researchers als believe that the lss f trpical rainfrests puts the whle wrld at the risk f future diseases. “Huge defrestatin (毁林) is vilating nature’s natural virus prtectin systems,” Krgh said. “The utbreak f COVID-19 shuld bring rainfrest prtectin t the tp f the agenda f all plicy makers and wrld leaders cncerned abut preventing the utbreak f new diseases.”
5．Why are the data listed in Paragraph 2?
A．T shw the serius lss f trpical rainfrests.
B．T present the prcess f rainfrest degradatin.
C．T stress the rle f rainfrests in the ecsystems.
D．T explain the reasn fr the disappearance f rainfrests.
6．What leads t the decrease f rainfrests?
A．Traditinal methd f farming.
B．Glbal imbalance f internatinal trade.
C．The wrld’s much dependence n clean energy.
D．Human unreasnable cnsumptin f rainfrest resurces.
7．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．The lss f rainfrests will destry the future generatins.
B．Immediate attentin shuld be paid t prtecting rainfrests.
C．The disappearance f rainfrests has accelerated the spread f the virus.
D．Pliticians are cncerned abut preventing the utbreak f new diseases.
8．What can be the best title fr this passage?
A．Trpical rainfrests are declining
B．Rainfrests slw dwn glbal warming
C．Humans are t pay fr the lss f rainfrests
D．Wrld leaders are acting t prtect rainfrests
【答案】5．A 6．D 7．B 8．A
【难度】0.65
5．目的意图题。根据第二段“Trpical rainfrests nce cvered 14.5 millin square kilmeters f Earth’s surface, but nw, just ne-third f that remains undamaged. Of the riginal area trpical rainfrests nce ccupied, 34% is cmpletely gne and 30% is suffering frm damage. All that remains is rughly 9.5 millin square kilmeters, and 45% f that is in a degraded (恶化) state, the reprt says.”（热带雨林曾经覆盖了地球表面1450万平方公里，但是现在，只有三分之一的区域没有受到破坏。在曾经被占领的原始热带雨林中，34%已经完全消失，30%正在遭受破坏。报告称，目前仅剩下约950万平方公里的土地，其中45%处于退化状态。）和第一段第一句“Trpical ( 热带的) rainfrests are disappearing at an alarming rate”（热带雨林正在以惊人的速度消失）可知，第二段中列出的数据是为了显示热带雨林的严重损失。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段前三句“Researchers blame human cnsumptin fr the lss. While agriculture has always been a driving factr f rainfrest lss, the reprt said that energy cnsumptin, internatinal trade and the prductin f beans and palm il, lgging and mining have been the largest threats (威胁) ver the past century. A significant number f US prducts rely n resurces frm trpical rainfrests.”（研究人员将这一损失归咎于人类的消费。虽然农业一直是雨林损失的主要因素，但报告说，能源消耗、国际贸易、豆类和棕榈油的生产、伐木和采矿是过去一个世纪最大的威胁。美国的大量产品依赖于来自热带雨林的资源。）可知，人类对雨林资源的不合理消耗导致了雨林的减少。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“The utbreak f COVID-19 shuld bring rainfrest prtectin t the tp f the agenda f all plicy makers and wrld leaders cncerned abut preventing the utbreak f new diseases.”（2019冠状病毒病的爆发应使保护雨林成为关注预防新疾病爆发的所有决策者和世界领导人的首要议程。）可知，我们应该立即关注保护热带雨林。故选B。
8．标题判断题。文章第一段和第二段描述了热带雨林急速减少的现状，第三段分析了热带雨林急速减少的原因，第四段和第五段讲述了热带雨林的重要作用和保护热带雨林的迫切性，所以文章主要是讲热带雨林正在急速减少。故选A。
Passage 3
Plants: we eat them, juice them-and nw it seems we can mine them t!
After a successful experiment n the island f Brne, the btany prfessr Alan Baker and a grup f researchers want t intrduce phytmining (harvesting minerals frm plants) as a better, partial substitute fr traditinal mining.
Phytmining, als knwn as agrmining, means cllecting metals frm live plants. Hwever, this can nly be dne with a grup f plants knwn as "hyperaccumulatrs". There are arund 700 identified types wrldwide, and what makes these hyperaccumulatrs special is that they naturally attract and absrb minerals thrugh their rts-metals pisnus t ther plants-and then stre huge, pure cncentratins f these minerals in their bdies. The metals can then be extracted frm the plants' sap(汁;液), il, r smetimes even live tissue.
Baker and his clleagues see a lt f ptential in phytmining. Nt nly can it help meet the grwing glbal demand fr metals, but is a way f unding sme f that damage t the envirnment by traditinal mining.
One f the biggest prblems with traditinal mining is that it pllutes the surrunding area. Phytmining can extract metal waste, plus planting the hyperaccumulatrs wuld regrw the defrested areas caused by mining peratins. Aside frm this, if phytmining is able t replace part f traditinal mining, then there wuld be fewer instances f bad mining practices like abandned mines, which pllute the nearby waters. Als, since phytmining prvides metals that are already naturally pure, there is n need t use huge amunts f energy t purify the re(矿石).
Phytmining has its drawbacks. Harvesting plants n a large scale is expensive tday, cmpared t traditinal mining. Besides, plants can be wiped ut by diseases r unexpected weather cnditins.
Hwever, there are many reasns t cnsider phytmining. After all, we need t make sure that ur planet can keep up and sustainable practices like phytmining give us the hpe that ur advancement desn't mean sacrificing Mther Earth.
9．What makes hyperaccumulatrs different frm ther plants?
A．The sap pisnus t ther plants.
B．The ability t take in and stre minerals.
C．The il extracted frm live plant tissue.
D．The cncentratins f minerals in their bdies.
10．What is the advantage f phytmining?
A．It can stp defrestatin.
B．It may reduce the desertedmines.
C．It uses clean energy t purify the re.
D．It can't be destryed by diseases.
11．What is the authr's attitude tward phytmining?
A．Pessimistic.B．Indifferent.C．Optimistic.D．Skeptical.
12．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．Metals Frm Plants.
B．The Future f Phytmining.
C．What Are Hyperaccumulatrs?
D．Benefits f Phytmining.
【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．A
【难度】0.65
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“what makes these hyperaccumulatrs special is that they naturally attract and absrb minerals thrugh their rts-metals pisnus t ther plants-and then stre huge, pure cncentratins f these minerals in their bdies”（这些超级积累物的特别之处在于，它们通过根部自然地吸引和吸收矿物质——对其他植物有毒的金属——然后在它们的体内储存大量纯矿物质。）可知超积累植物之所以独特，是因为它们可以通过根部吸收矿物质并将这些纯的矿物质储存在体内。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“if phytmining is able t replace part f traditinal mining, then there wuld be fewer instances f bad mining practices like abandned mines”（如果植矿开采能够部分取代传统采矿，那么像废弃矿井这样的不良采矿实践就会减少。）可知，如果植物采矿可以代替部分传统的采矿模式，就不会有那么多废弃的矿井。故选B项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“sustainable practices like phytmining give us the hpe that ur advancement desn't mean sacrificing Mther Earth”（植物采掘等可持续的实践给了我们希望，我们的进步并不意味着牺牲地球母亲。）可知作者认为像植物采矿这样的可持续发展的做法给了我们希望——我们的进步并不意味着要以牺牲环境为代价。由此推知，作者对植物采矿持乐观态度。故选C项。
12．主旨大意题。本文开篇点题“Plants: we eat them, juice them-and nw it seems we can mine them t!”（植物：我们吃它们，用它们榨汁，现在看来我们也可以开采它们了！）然后进一步介绍了植物采矿的含义及其优缺点。A项“来自植物的金属”可以概括全文。故选A项。
Passage 4
Tricia Hurt, her husband Brian, and their sn Brady were ut enjying a fishing adventure n Marsh-Miller Lake in Wiscnsin when they fund a baby bear in huge suffering. Accrding t the lcals in the area, the little bear had been running n land with a plastic tub n his head fr three t fur days, but he smehw gt int the water, wrsening his cnditin.
The bear culd be seen swimming in fear and shifting away frm the family as they edged the bat clser. He was terrified, but the tub was quickly filled with water and he was in danger f drwning.
"G a little faster, Brady. Get in frnt f him," Tricia instructed her sn t drive the bat clser t the animal. Brian gt clse t the bear and tried t pull the tub ut, but it had becme t slippery. Brian lst his cntrl, but he wasn't discuraged because the bear's ears had managed t cme lse. That meant the plastic tub wasn't stuck and he just had t get clser.
The rescue lasted abut five minutes and they made several attempts befre the tub finally came ff. Brady made the bat circle arund the bear and his father gave ne last try that set the animal free. Once the tub came ff, the bear was able t swim easily t the shre and catch a much-needed break.
The family was extremely relieved as Tricia called ut t the swimming animal, "Swim happily.''
"We were s excited! We did ur gd deed fr the day. It felt gd t help the pr bear. Yu dn't like t see animals struggle." Tricia later said in an interview.
When the Hurts returned t their resrt, everyne ffered their gratitude. Tracy, a native, said, "N ne else had been able t help the bear fr several days as it struggled with the deadly tub n its head. We need mre peple like the Hurts!"
13．What happened t the bear?
A．He was drwned in the lake.
B．He was hurt by hunters.
C．He gt a tub n his head.
D．He gt trapped by the lcals.
14．Wh pulled ut the tub?
A．Tracy.B．Tricia.C．Brady.D．Brian.
15．Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?
A．A Family Outing-Timely Rescue.
B．Tubs Banned-Animals Saved.
C．Never T Late t Save Animals.
D．An Exciting Family Adventure.
【答案】13．C 14．D 15．A
【难度】0.65
13．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Accrding t lcals in the area , the little bear had been running n land with a plastic tub n his head fr three t fur days, but he smehw gt int the water, wrsening his cnditin.（据当地居民称，这只小熊头上顶着塑料桶在陆地上奔跑了三到四天，但他不知怎的掉进了水里，恶化了自己的状况。）”可知，这只熊头上有个塑料桶。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Brady circled the bat arund t the bear and his father gave ne last try that set the animal free.（布雷迪把船绕到熊身边，他的父亲做了最后一次尝试，把熊放了出来。）”可知，是Brady 的父亲Brian拉出了塑料桶。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。根据主要记叙了Tricia Hurt、丈夫Brian和儿子Brady一家三口在一次家庭外出中，发现了一只被塑料桶套住头的熊幼崽，当地居民称它已经被塑料桶套住好几天了，还掉进了水里，非常可怜。这家富有同情心的人经过几次努力，终于帮助这只熊取下了塑料桶，他们觉得能够帮助这只可怜的熊也很高兴。由此可知，A选项“一次家庭的外出，也是一次熊的及时救援”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Passage 5
Chinese cuisine is widely knwn and enjyed all arund the wrld. Wh desn't lng fr a favrite Chinese dish? But there is ne interesting cncept cncerning Chinese fd which is almst unheard f in the West, and which is becming increasingly ignred by the yuth f the East-the ancient custm f “tnic (滋补品) fd”.
Tnic fd is fd which is cnsumed t imprve ne's well-being r avid sickness. Fr instance, it was nce the custm fr new mthers t eat a sesame il (芝麻油) ht pt every day fr the first mnth after giving birth. It was believed that this dish wuld benefit the muscles, reduce pain, imprve circulatin, stimulate sweating, and warm the bdy. Sme fds, such as gat meat and spinach, are seen as being "ht", while thers, such as Chinese cabbage and radish, are seen as being "cld". One shuld be careful nt t eat t much f either "ht" r "cld" fd. Hwever, hw much "ht" r "cld" fd ne shuld eat depends n the time f the year, hw the fd is prepared, what it is prepared with, and the individual's health.
The custm f emplying tnic fd fr a healthier life als influences the catering industry. Chinese herbal medicines, such as wlfberry (枸杞子), can be fund n many a restaurant menu, either added t fruit tea r as a tnic additin t a dish. These herbs attract custmers, such as verwrked ffice staff, in need f a mdest pick-me-up.
S, whether yu need t bst yur strength with a large helping f chicken sup, r increase yur mental pwers with a serving f pig's brain sup, yu may find that this ancient Chinese custm culd be just the tnic fd yu were lking fr.
16．What is the present situatin f tnic fd?
A．It is catching less attentin.
B．It is well knwn wrldwide.
C．It is becming increasingly ppular.
D．It is enjyed by many yung peple.
17．What is believed t benefit new mthers?
A．Chinese cabbage.B．Fruit tea.C．Sesame il ht pt.D．Pig's brain sup.
18．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Charm f Chinese Cuisine.
B．The Ppularity f Tnic Fd.
C．An Intrductin t Chinese Tnic Fd.
D．Differences Between Ht Fd and Cld Fd.
【答案】16．A 17．C 18．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】食物与饮料 、饮食习俗 、说明文、语意转化、标题判断
16．细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“But there is ne interesting cncept cncerning Chinese fd which is almst unheard f in the West, and which is becming increasingly ignred by the yuth f the East-the ancient custm f “tnic (滋补品) fd”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”可知，滋补品的现状是正在很少被关注。故选A。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“Fr instance, it was nce the custm fr new mthers t eat a sesame il (芝麻油) ht pt every day fr the first mnth after giving birth. It was believed that this dish wuld benefit the muscles, reduce pain, imprve circulatin, stimulate sweating, and warm the bdy.(例如，在过去的习俗中，新妈妈在生完孩子后的第一个月每天都要吃麻油火锅。人们认为这道菜有益于肌肉，减轻疼痛，改善循环，刺激出汗，温暖身体)”可知，麻油火锅对新妈妈有益。故选C。
18．标题判断题。根据第一段第三句But there is ne interesting cncept cncerning Chinese fd which is almst unheard f in the West, and which is becming increasingly ignred by the yuth f the East-the ancient custm f “tnic(滋补品) fd”.(但是关于中国食物有一个有趣的概念——古老的“食补”习俗，这在西方几乎是闻所未闻，而在东方也越来越被年轻人忽视)”，第二段第一句“Tnic fd is fd which is cnsumed t imprve ne's well-being r avid sickness. (食补是指为增进健康或避免疾病而食用的食物)”，第三段第一句“The custm f emplying tnic fd fr a healthier life als influences the catering industry.(以食补养生的习俗也影响着饮食业)”和最后一段“S, whether yu need t bst yur strength with a large helping f chicken sup, r increase yur mental pwers with a serving f pig's brain sup, yu may find that this ancient Chinese custm culd be just the tnic fd yu were lking fr.(所以，无论你是需要大喝鸡汤来增强体力，还是用猪脑汤来增强你的脑力，你都会发现古老的中国食补习俗可能就是你在寻找的食补食物)”可知，文章主要是介绍中国的滋补食物。所以C选项（中国食补概论）是最好的标题。故选C。
题型二 阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题
Passage 1
Mrgan’s Wnderland, lcated in San Antni, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended fr mentally r physically disabled children. The park was built by Grdn Hartman, a frmer real estate (房地产) develper. The creatin f the park was inspired by his daughter, Mrgan, wh suffers frm severe cgnitive delay and physical challenges.
The wrld’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Mrgan’s Wnderland pened in the spring f 2010. Admissin fr guests with special needs is free, and fees fr the general public are set at a much discunted price s that peple f all ages and abilities can cme tgether and play in a fun and safe envirnment.
Cmpletely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres f attractins including rides, playgrunds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas thrughut the park. The rides are custm-designed t accmmdate wheelchair riders s that every family member can enjy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Rad Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sprty vehicles. Mrever, each visitr is ffered the ptin t wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allws them t keep track f each ther while in the park. The band als enables them t take part in electrnic activities. Fr example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Rad Adventure, a pht will be taken and sent t their email.
In June 2017, Mrgan’s Wnderland celebrated the pening f Mrgan’s Inspiratin Island. The new expansin is cmpsed f five themed splash pads and a River Bat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be mved ut f their chairs int unique, waterprf chairs and enjy the splash park withut risking damage t their persnal wheelchairs.
“Mrgan taught me that there’s mre t life in many ways than what I saw befre,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Mrgan has brught is beynd anything that I ever culd have imagined and culd explain.”
1．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The new additin t Mrgan’s Wnderland.
B．The establishment and features f a special theme park.
C．The advanced technlgical devices in Mrgan’s Wnderland
D．The needs f peple wh suffer frm physical and mental disabilities.
2．What des “ultra-accessible” in the secnd paragraph imply?
A．It’s easy fr all visitrs t use the facilities.
B．Admissin is free fr peple yung and ld.
C．Wheelchairs are prvided fr every featured attractin.
D．Mrgan’s Wnderland is situated in a cnvenient lcatin.
3．What des the park prvide t prevent persnal wheelchairs frm being damaged?
A．Safe Bats.B．Water-resistant clth.C．GPS bands.D．Special chairs.
4．Which f the fllwing statements is true abut Mrgan’s Wnderland?
A．Waterprf chairs enable visitrs t wnder all ver the park.
B．Mrgan’s Inspiratin Island includes 25 acres f attractins.
C．The success f the park is exactly what Mrgan intended t achieve.
D．GPS bands allw visitrs t enjy the cnvenience f the electrnic devices.
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．D
【难度】0.65
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Mrgan’s Wnderland, lcated in San Antni, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended fr mentally r physically disabled children. The park was built by Grdn Hartman, a frmer real estate (房地产) develper. The creatin f the park was inspired by his daughter, Mrgan, wh suffers frm severe cgnitive delay and physical challenges.”（摩根仙境位于德克萨斯州的圣安东尼奥，是一个主要为精神或身体残疾儿童开设的主题公园。公园由前房地产开发商戈登·哈特曼建造。这个公园的灵感来自于他的女儿摩根，她患有严重的认知延迟和身体挑战。）可知，文章主要是讲一个特殊主题公园的建立和特色。故选B。
2．词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“Cmpletely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres f attractins including rides, playgrunds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas thrughut the park. The rides are custm-designed t accmmdate wheelchair riders s that every family member can enjy the fun. ”（整个公园拥有25英亩的游乐设施，包括游乐设施、游乐场、钓鱼湖和野餐区。该游乐设施专为轮椅使用者而设计，让每个家庭成员都能享受其中的乐趣。）可知，ultra-accessible意为所有游客都能很容易地使用这些设备。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据倒第二段最后一句“The wheelchair guests can be mved ut f their chairs int unique, waterprf chairs and enjy the splash park withut risking damage t their persnal wheelchairs.”（坐轮椅的客人可以从椅子上挪到独特的防水椅子上，在不损坏自己的轮椅的情况下享受水上乐园。）可知，公园提供了特殊的椅子来防止个人轮椅被损坏。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据第三段倒第二句“The band als enables them t take part in electrnic activities.”（这个手环还能让他们参与电子活动。）可知，GPS手环可以让游客享受电子设备带来的便利。故选D。
Passage 2
In the small village f Gss in Austria, a century-ld brewery traditin had a nvel transfrmatin twards Sustainability (可持续性), Göss in hme t the Gösser Brewery, the wrld’s first large scale zer-carbn brewery.
Owned and perated by the Heineken Grup, the wrld's third-largest beer maker, the Gösser Brewery was relaunched as a zer-carbn facility in June. The brewery prduces 1.4 millin bttles f beer every day using a mix f entirely renewable energy surces, including hydrpwer, bigas and waste heat. This has brught its carbn emissins (排放) dwn frm 3, 000 tns a year t zer.
Andreas Werner, brew master at Gösser Brewery said, “Our Cöss brewery may be in a small twn but ur gal was t make a big influence. I am prud f what we have achieved fr the Heineken Grup and want t help ur ther breweries and the wider brewing industry makes renewable energy part f their energy mix, just as we have dne.”
The brewery is helping Heineken achieve its cmmitment t a 40 percent reductin in CO2 emissins frm prductin by 2022, which is kept in the cmpany’s Brewing a Better Wrld stability strategy.
T pwer its prductin, the Gösser Brewery uses 100 percent hydrpwer surces fr eletnicity-35 percent frm bimass fr heating, 10 percent frm bigas frm waste water, 3-5 percent frm a slar plant, and 50 percent frm bigas generated frm the spent grain fermentatin (发酵) tank.
Fr this creative mve twards sustainability, the brewery wn the EU Sustainable Energy Award and Citizens Chice Award in June. The awards cgnize creative prjects in energy efficiency and renewability in Eurpe. “The Gss brewery is the stand-ut example f this wrk and ur cmmitment t sustainability,” Rland Verstappen, Heineken’s directr fr public and mvement affairs said.
5．What is special abut the Gösser Brewery?
A．It’s the wrld’s third largest zer-carbn brewery.
B．N carbn will be given ff during its prductin.
C．It can prduce 1.4 millin bttles f beer annually.
D．The Heineken grup newly pened it t prduce mre beer.
6．What are the percentages in paragraph 5 abut?
A．The resurces f making beer.
B．The prductin f beer bttles.
C．The examples f sustainable energy.
D．The cmpsitin f hydrpwer surces.
7．Why des Rland Verstappen think highly f the Gösser Brewery?
A．It has wn tw internatinal awards fr its creativity.
B．It has helped mre industries turn t renewable energy.
C．It has led t the draft f Heineken’s Brewing a Belter Wrld strategy.
D．It has played an imprtant rle in Heineken’s achieving its gal f CO2 reductin.
8．What is the text mainly abut?
A．A brewery’s creative mve t achieve sustainability.
B．Prfits gained frm the transfrmatin f an ld brewery.
C．The brewery industry’s respnsibility fr prtecting the envirnment.
D．A small business making a big difference by mixing varius surces.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．D 8．A
【难度】0.65
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the small village f Gss in Austria, a century-ld brewery traditin had a nvel transfrmatin twards Sustainability (可持续性), Göss in hme t the Gösser Brewery, the wrld’s first large scale zer-carbn brewery. (在奥地利的一个名叫Gss的小村庄里，一个有着百年历史的酿酒厂传统向可持续发展方向发生了新的转变，Gösser啤酒厂在Gss ，是世界上第一家大型零碳啤酒厂)”可知，Gösser啤酒厂的特别之处就是它是零碳啤酒厂，也就是在生产过程中，碳的排放是零，故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第五段“T pwer its prductin, the Gösser Brewery uses 100 percent hydrpwer surces fr eletnicity-35 percent frm bimass fr heating, 10 percent frm bigas frm waste water, 3-5 percent frm a slar plant, and 50 percent frm bigas generated frm the spent grain fermentatin (发酵) tank. (为了给它的生产提供动力Gösser啤酒厂使用100%的水电能源——35%来自生物质供热，10%来自废水沼气，3-5%来自太阳能发电厂，50%来自废谷物发酵罐产生的沼气)”可知，这些百分比是关于水电能源的组成的，故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中““The Gss brewery is the stand-ut example f this wrk and ur cmmitment t sustainability,” Rland Verstappen, Heineken’s directr fr public and mvement affairs said. (Heineken负责公共和运动事务的主管Rland Verstappen说： “Gss啤酒厂是这项工作和我们对可持续发展的承诺的突出例子”) ”以及第四段中“The brewery is helping Heineken achieve its cmmitment t a 40 percent reductin in CO2 emissins frm prductin by 2022, which is kept in the cmpany’s Brewing a Better Wrld stability strategy. (这家啤酒厂正在帮助Heineken实现到2022年将生产过程中二氧化碳排放量减少40%的承诺，而这一承诺一直是该公司制定的“创造一个更好的世界”稳定战略的一部分) ”可知Rland Verstappen对Gösser高度赞扬，就是因为啤酒厂在帮助Heineken减少二氧化碳排放这项工作中表现突出，也就是它在Heineken实现二氧化碳减排目标中发挥了重要作用。故选D。
8．主旨大意题。新闻报道的主题常出现在第一段。根据第一段“In the small village f Gss in Austria, a century-ld brewery traditin had a nvel transfrmatin twards Sustainability (可持续性), Göss in hme t the Gösser Brewery, the wrld’s first large scale zer-carbn brewery. (在奥地利的一个名叫Gss的小村庄里，一个有着百年历史的酿酒厂传统向可持续发展方向发生了新的转变，Gösser啤酒厂在Gss ，是世界上第一家大型零碳啤酒厂)”可知，本文主要介绍一家啤酒厂实现可持续发展的创造性举措，故选A。
Passage 3
There are many American expressins abut insects - like bees, fr example.
Yu might say yu were as busy as a bee if yu spent yur weekend cleaning yur huse. In fact, yu als might say yu made a beeline fr smething if yu went there right away. When we g t see a mvie, my friend always makes a beeline fr the place where they sell ppcrn.
Here is an expressin abut bees that is nt used much any mre, but we like it anyway. If smething was the best f its kind, yu might say it was the bee's knees. Nw, we admit that we d nt knw hw this expressin develped. If fact, we d nt even knw if bees have knees!
If yur friend cannt stp talking abut smething because she thinks it is imprtant, yu might say she has a bee in her bnnet. If smene asks yu a persnal questin, yu might say "that is nne f yur beeswax." This means nne f yur business.
Hrnets are bee-like insects that smetimes attack peple. If yu are really angry, yu might say yu are mad as a hrnet. And if yu stir up a hrnet's nest, yu create truble r prblems.
Butterflies are beautiful insects, but yu wuld nt want t have butterflies in yur stmach. That means t be nervus abut having t d smething, like speaking in frnt f a crwd. Yu wuld als nt want t have ants in yur pants. That is, t be restless and unable t sit still.
Here are sme expressins abut plain ld bugs, anther wrd fr insects. If a friend keeps asking yu t d smething yu d nt want t d, yu might ask him t leave yu alne r "stp bugging me." A friend als might tell yu again and again t d smething. If s, yu might say he put a bug in yur ear.
If yu were reading a bk in yur warm bed n a cld winter's day, yu might say yu were snug as a bug in a rug. And, if yu wish smene gd night, yu might say, "sleep tight — dn't let the bed bugs bite."
9．If yu are ging t give a speech befre a big audience, yu wuld prbably______.
A．have ants in yur pants
B．have a bug in yur ear
C．have a bee in yur bnnet
D．have a butterfly in yur stmach
10．We can infer frm the article that _________.
A．bees are ppular insects
B．bees fly t a place directly
C．bees actually have n knees
D．bees smetimes refer t babies
11．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．The varius insects cmmnly seen in America.
B．The interesting expressins cncerning bugs in America.
C．The different explanatins fr particular idims in America.
D．The amazing richness f English expressins in America.
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．B
【难度】0.65
9．推理判断题。根据倒第三段第一句和第二句“Butterflies are beautiful insects, but yu wuld nt want t have butterflies in yur stmach. That means t be nervus abut having t d smething, like speaking in frnt f a crwd.(蝴蝶是一种美丽的昆虫，但你不会希望胃里有蝴蝶。意思是对必须做某事感到紧张，比如在一群人面前讲话)”可知，如果你将要在很多人面前演讲，你可能会觉得胃里有蝴蝶。故选D。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第三句“In fact, yu als might say yu made a beeline fr smething if yu went there right away. When we g t see a mvie, my friend always makes a beeline fr the place where they sell ppcrn. (事实上，如果你直接去那里，你也可以说你直奔某物。当我们去看电影时，我朋友总是直奔卖爆米花的地方)”可知，蜜蜂直接飞到一个地方。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据第一段“There are many American expressins abut insects - like bees, fr example. (美国有很多关于昆虫的表达，比如蜜蜂)”可知，文章主要是讲美国关于昆虫的有趣表达。故选B。
Passage 4
MEXICO CITY, April 1（Xinhua）——Discveries at the legendary Sanxingdui ruins in suthwest China shw that the regin’s ancient Shu state civilizatin shared similarities with the Maya, accrding t the directr f the Chichen Itza archaelgical site, Marc Antni Sants.
The Sanxingdui ruins, lcated in the city f Guanghan, abut 60 kilmeters frm Chengdu, belnged t the Shu Kingdm that existed at least 4,800 years ag and lasted mre than 2,000 years. China annunced n March 20 that archaelgists uncvered gld, ivry and jade bjects dating back abut 3,000 years in six sacrificial pits.
Sants tld Xinhua that the brnze-made remains f trees buried at the ruins f the Shu Kingdm recall the Maya’s sacred ceiba tree, which symblized the unin f heaven, earth and the underwrld fr the civilizatin that flurished in Mesamerica. “They are very imprtant similarities.” said Sants, stressing that “the representatins f trees in bth cultures prvide us with a symblism that is very similar”.
“One ntable feature f the recent discveries at Sanxingdui was the interdisciplinary（跨学科的）wrk and technlgy applied by teams f Chinese archaelgists.” said Sants. “The technlgy allwed the unearthing f artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which ther types f less careful excavatin methds wuld nt have been able t manage.” he said. “Cperatin between Chinese and Mexican archaelgists culd benefit prjects in the Maya wrld, where the rainy climate and humidity are prblematic fr the cnservatin f bjects.” said Sants.
“Every time ur cultural knwledge increases, regardless f whether we speak ne language r anther, what it shws us is that we cntinue t be sister cultures, and, therefre, the exchange f such knwledge is fundamental.” said Sants.
12．What des the underlined wrd “excavatin” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．researchB．examinatinC．diggingD．discvery
13．Which f the fllwing is true accrding t Sants?
A．The sacred ceiba tree is als fund at the ruins f the Shu Kingdm.
B．The recent discveries at Sanxingdui featured interdisciplinary wrk and technlgy.
C．Only the unearthing f silk remains needs t be managed with mre careful methds.
D．The language barrier is an issue that affects the cperatin between China and Mexic.
14．What is the passage mainly abut?
A．China and Mexic cntinue t exchange cultural knwledge.
B．The discvery f the Sanxingdui ruins in suth west China shcks the wrld.
C．Cperatin between Chinese and Mexican archaelgists benefits prjects in bth cuntries.
D．The discvery f the Sanxingdui ruins shws similarities between ancient Shu state and the Maya.
15．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A newspaper.B．A histrical nvel.C．A research review.D．A guidebk.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．D 15．A
【难度】0.65
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在的句子““The technlgy allwed the unearthing f artifacts as fragile as silk remains, which ther types f less careful excavatin methds wuld nt have been able t manage.” he said.”（“这项技术使得出土的文物像丝绸遗骸一样脆弱，这是其他不太小心的excavatin方法无法做到的。”他说）可知文物出土，需要使用挖掘技术，“excavatin”意思是“挖掘，”A. research研究；B. examinatin检查；C. digging挖掘；D. discvery发现。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段““One ntable feature f the recent discveries at Sanxingdui was the interdisciplinary（跨学科的）wrk and technlgy applied by teams f Chinese archaelgists.” said Sants.”（“三星堆考古发现的一个显著特点是中国考古学家团队的跨学科工作和技术应用。 ”桑托斯说）可知B选项“三星堆最近的发现具有跨学科和技术的特点”描述正确。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段“MEXICO CITY, April 1（Xinhua）——Discveries at the legendary Sanxingdui ruins in suthwest China shw that the regin’s ancient Shu state civilizatin shared similarities with the Maya, accrding t the directr f the Chichen Itza archaelgical site, Marc Antni Sants.”（墨西哥城，4月1日(新华社)——据奇琴伊查考古遗址负责人马可·安东尼奥·桑托斯称，在中国西南部传奇的三星堆遗址的发现表明，该地区的古代蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处）结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了三星堆遗址的发现显示了古蜀与玛雅的相似之处。故选D。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段“MEXICO CITY, April 1（Xinhua）——Discveries at the legendary Sanxingdui ruins in suthwest China shw that the regin’s ancient Shu state civilizatin shared similarities with the Maya, accrding t the directr f the Chichen Itza archaelgical site, Marc Antni Sants.”（墨西哥城，4月1日(新华社)——据奇琴伊查考古遗址负责人马可·安东尼奥·桑托斯称，在中国西南部传奇的三星堆遗址的发现表明，该地区的古代蜀国文明与玛雅文明有相似之处）可知这是一篇新闻报道，最可能来自一份报纸。故选A。
Passage 5
Persnal Time Off(PTO)is smething my wife and I created after having kids. We learned that，ver time，a full life can leave little time fr persnal rest and fr reflectin，hanging ut with friends，r just being“ff. ”S，after a number f years，we make a change. If I can persuade yu t take yur wn PTO，then these might help.
■Schedule it
First f all，ne f ur favrite family sayings is“schedule it. ”Sunds easy enugh，but life gets cmplicated managing full-time wrk and full-time family. Put yur PTO time n the calendar and yu make it a real thing.
■Be flexible and strict
If yu can schedule PTO at the same time each week，then all the better. Because ur calendar can get rather full，flexibility in scheduling becmes a necessity. But being strict in actually taking the time each week is mre imprtant. Skipping it nce makes it easier t skip again.
■Take enugh time
My typical PTO lasts a cuple f hurs r lnger. Smetimes it might be half the day depending n what I’m ding. The gal is t spend enugh time away t 1et yur shulders drp.
■D what yu want t d
Remember，PTO time is abut persnal time t d what yu want t d，nt what yu have t d. PTO time is abut relaxatin. Grab a friend and get a beer. Wrk can wait until tmrrw.
16．What can be the first step t take the PTO?
A．Persuade the family.
B．Have a persnal rest.
C．Ask friends fr advice.
D．Make a time plan.
17．What des the underlined part“let yur shulders drp”prbably mean?
A．Get yu mre fcused.
B．Have yu feel relaxed.
C．Shake yur shulders ften.
D．Make yu feel mre stressed.
18．What des the text mainly talk abut?
A．Tips n hw t take yur time ff
B．Skills t manage wrk and family
C．Advice n hw t free yurself
D．Ways f scheduling yur wrk
【答案】16．D 17．B 18．A
【难度】0.65
16．细节理解题。根据■Schedule it中“First f all，ne f ur favrite family sayings is‘schedule it.’（首先，我们最喜欢的一句家庭谚语是“安排时间”。）”可知，首先要“指定时间”。故选D。
17．短语猜测题。根据■D what yu want t d中的“PTO time is abut relaxatin.”（PTO时间是关于放松的。）由此推知，划线部分的意思是“让你感到放松”。故选B。
18．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“If I can persuade yu t take yur wn PTO，then these might help. （如果我能说服你使用自己的PTO，这些可能会有帮助。）”可知，本文是关于如何休假的建议。故选A。
题型三 阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题
Passage 1
Have yu ever heard abut Black Friday and Cyber Mnday? Surely, they are all abut finding the best deals n hliday gifts fr yurself and family members. And have yu heard abut GivingTuesday? Here is smething abut it!
GivingTuesday is bserved annually n the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encurages peple t help thse in need by making financial dnatins r ding gd in their lcal cmmunity. The “Glbal Day f Giving” was started in 2012 by New Yrk City nnprfit 92nd Street Y and the United Natins Fundatin.
Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a mre altruistic purpse. In its first year, the mvement brught in almst $10 millin fr charities, and things have nly imprved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday scial media campaigns wrldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billin frm 27 millin dnrs! Over the past five years, many higher educatin institutins have als been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving t ask alumni fr dnatins. In 2019, the University f Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts ttaling ver $4 millin, while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 t benefit ver 85 University prgrams.
Thugh dnating mney certainly helps, there are many ther ways t supprt the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yu can vide tutr kids struggling with nline learning, r team up with an adult t get grceries r medicatins fr an elderly neighbr. Alternatively, call n yur peers t help yu with a service prject that addresses an issue clse t yur heart, r pick ne frm the several ideas suggested n the GivingTuesday website. Yu can als dnate yur gently-used clthes and tys t lcal shelters, r mail a handwritten nte t a grandparent r a friend yu miss seeing.
What are yu ging t d t make a psitive difference in yur cmmunity n GivingTuesday? Let us knw by adding yur cmments belw!
1．Why des the authr mentin Black Friday and Cyber Mnday in Paragraph 1?
A．T make a cmparisn.B．T lead t the tpic.
C．T aruse readers’ interest.D．T express his dubt.
2．What’s the aim f GivingTuesday?
A．T prmte the develpment f ecnmy.B．T attract peple t buy mre hliday gifts.
C．T call n mre universities t dnate mney.D．T encurage peple t help thse in need.
3．What des the underlined wrd “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Selfless.B．General.C．Specific.D．Cmplex.
4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Where peple can ffer their kind help.B．What peple can d n GivingTuesday.
C．Hw peple can stay safe during COVID-19.D．Why peple need t supprt the great cause.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．B
【难度】0.65
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Have yu ever heard abut Black Friday and Cyber Mnday? Surely, they are all abut finding the best deals n hliday gifts fr yurself and family members. And have yu heard abut GivingTuesday? Here is smething abut it!(你听说过黑色星期五和网络星期一吗？当然，他们都可以来为自己和家人找到最划算的节日礼物。你听说过“GivingTuesday”吗？这里有一些关于它的东西！)”可推知，作者在第一段提及Black Friday和Cyber Mnday这两个节日是为了更好地引出文章的主题——GivingTuesday。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“GivingTuesday is bserved annually n the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encurages peple t help thse in need by making financial dnatins r ding gd in their lcal cmmunity.(感恩节后的周二是一年一度的“给予星期二”，鼓励人们通过捐款或在当地社区做善事来帮助那些需要帮助的人)”可知，GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选D。
3．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“GivingTuesday is bserved annually n the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encurages peple t help thse in need by making financial dnatins r ding gd in their lcal cmmunity.”及画线词后文“In its first year, the mvement brught in almst $ 10 millin fr charities”可知，GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人，而在庆祝这个节日的第一年，这项活动为慈善机构带来了近1000万美元的捐款。由此可知，GivingTuesday的目的是帮助别人，所以画线词所在句表示GivingTuesday服务于一个更无私的目的。故画线词应意为“无私的”。A. Selfless.无私的；B. General.一般的；C. Specific.特殊的；D. Cmplex.复杂的。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Thugh dnating mney certainly helps, there are many ther ways t supprt the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yu can vide tutr kids struggling with nline learning, r team up with an adult t get grceries r medicatins fr an elderly neighbr. Alternatively, call n yur peers t help yu with a service prject that addresses an issue clse t yur heart, r pick ne frm the several ideas suggested n the GivingTuesday website. Yu can als dnate yur gently-used clthes and tys t lcal shelters, r mail a handwritten nte t a grandparent r a friend yu miss seeing.(捐款当然有帮助，但也有许多其他方式支持这项伟大的事业，特别是在新冠肺炎大流行期间。你可以通过视频指导在网上学习中遇到困难的孩子，或者与成年人合作，为年老的邻居购买杂货或药物。或者，让你的同龄人来帮助你解决一个你最关心的问题，或者从“给予星期二”网站上的几个建议中选择一个。你也可以把旧衣服和玩具捐给当地的收容所，或者给你没能见到的祖父母或朋友寄张手写的便条)”可知，第四段主要介绍了在新冠疫情期间，人们在GivingTuesday这一天，除了捐款还可以做的事情。故选B。
Passage 2
It was Thanksgiving Day a few years ag. My daughter was sitting n the cuch watching the parade. My dgs kept lifting their nses t sniff the turkey slwly cking in the ven. And my sns and I were secretly getting a piece f pumpkin pie with cream t hld us until dinner was dne. As we lifted ur frks I said, “Life is shrt! Eat dessert first!” Then I smiled as we ate ur pie with delight and gave the utside part t the dgs.
Later I decided t take my ldest dg, Snpy ut fr a walk. As we slwly walked thrugh the ankle deep leaves I let my mind wander t memries f Thanksgivings past. I culd see my grwn children as babies sitting in their high chairs cvered in mashed ptates. I remembered all f thse years spent visiting their grandparents and all f the special fds they made. There was sausage stuffing, ndles and cheese, and fried ptates. There was turkey and delicius desserts made with lve. And there was the three day nap (小睡) yu wanted t take after dinner.
Even mre than the fd were the memries f jy that stuck in my mind and stayed in my heart. There were the smiles and hugs, the shared stries and laughter, the lve s freely given at this time f the year. I went back inside with all f them flwing thrugh me. I felt bth glad and sad at the same time. I was happy fr all the blessed times we had shared ver the years and sad that they had flwn by s fast. Mst f all, thugh, I felt at peace and thankful t Gd fr this wnderful life we are given here.
The truth is the mre yu lve, the mre thankfulness fills yur heart. The mre yu lve, the mre jy yu create in yur life. Make the mst f each day yu are given here then. Be thankful fr the glrius gift f life. Be the blessing yu were meant t be and make every day Thanksgiving Day.
5．What d the first tw paragraphs fcus n?
A．The preparatins fr Thanksgiving
B．The happy memries f Thanksgiving
C．The varius ways t celebrate Thanksgiving
D．The custms f celebrating Thanksgiving
6．Why did the authr feel sad?
A．Happy times spent with her family seemed shrt.
B．She wished she were yung again.
C．She had many regrets in thse happy times.
D．Things changed much and she never felt the same.
7．What can we infer frm the passage?
A．Desserts were the authr’s favrite.
B．The authr’s grandparents were gd chefs.
C．Delicius fd was the best part f her memries.
D．The get-tgether f the family was full f lve.
8．What des the authr want t tell us thrugh the passage?
A．We shuld make the best f Thanksgiving Days.
B．Everybdy shuld treasure the time with their family.
C．Peple shuld live at present and be grateful fr what they have.
D．Thanksgiving Days are the best time fr peple t express their lve.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C
【难度】0.65
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过对感恩节的美好回忆感悟到人们应该活在当下，对他们所拥有的心存感激。
5．段落大意题。根据第一段第一句“It was Thanksgiving Day a few years ag.”（那是几年前的感恩节）和第二段第一、二句“Later I decided t take my ldest dg, Snpy ut fr a walk. As we slwly walked thrugh the ankle deep leaves I let my mind wander t memries f Thanksgivings past.”（后来，我决定带我最大的狗Snpy出去散步。当我们慢慢地走过脚踝深的树叶时，我让我的思绪飘到过去感恩节的回忆中）可知，第一段和第二段主要是讲关于感恩节的快乐回忆。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段倒第二句“I was happy fr all the blessed times we had shared ver the years and sad that they had flwn by s fast.”（我为这些年来我们一起分享的幸福时光感到高兴，但又为它们流逝得如此之快感到悲伤）可知，和家人一起度过的快乐时光似乎很短暂，这让作者感到悲伤。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第二段倒第二句“There was turkey and delicius desserts made with lve.”（有火鸡和用爱做的美味甜点）可知，家庭聚会充满了爱。故选D。
8．目的意图题。根据最后一段最后三句“Make the mst f each day yu are given here then. Be thankful fr the glrius gift f life. Be the blessing yu were meant t be and make every day Thanksgiving Day.”（充分利用你所拥有的每一天。感谢生命的恩赐。成为你应该得到的祝福，让每一天都成为感恩节）可知，作者通过这篇文章想告诉我们人们应该活在当下，对他们所拥有的心存感激。故选C。
Passage 3
A shark that walks in water instead f swimming might sund like a creature straight ut f a science fictin thriller. Hwever, that is precisely hw the fur new species f the fish-fund in the trpical waters f Nrthern Australia-mve acrss the seaflr. The unique cean animals were discvered by a team f scientists, led by Dr Christine Dudgen frm Australians University f Queensland, during a 12-year-ld glbal cnservatin study.
The newly-fund sharks have all evlved t survive in lw xygen envirnments, enabling them t hunt during lw tides. The researchers believe their ability t use their fins t walk acrss the water affrds the sharks substantial advantage ver the unsuspecting smaller animals they prey n .
“Thugh they are super hunters in their shallw habitat, the tiny sharks are harmless t humans," says Dudgen. "At less than a meter lng n average, walking sharks present n threat t peple. They're incredibly cute little animals and are really mre like geck than a shark.”
A DNA analysis f skin samples frm the sharks suggests that walking sharks brke away frm their brthers and sisters abut nine millin years ag and became a distinct species. Thugh that may appear t be a lng time ag, it is relatively recent given that sharks have been arund fr mre than 400 millin years. In fact, Dudgen and her team believe walking sharks are the yungest kind f sharks n Earth!
The researchers, wh published their findings in The Marine and Freshwater Research jurnal n January 21, 2020, say that the sharks' small numbers and shallw habitat make them extremely vulnerable t natural disasters and verfishing. Three f the nine walking shark species , all f which live in the waters ff Nrthern Australia, eastern Indnesia, and near the island f New Guinea, are currently n the Internatinal Unin fr Cnservatin f Nature Red List, which lists species at risk. Dudgen and her team believe sensible cnservatin management plans are urgently needed t prtect the walking sharks and ther endangered animals frm further threats.
9．What is the mst nticeable feature f the newly-fund sharks?
A．They are cute and harmless t humans.B．They can survive in their shallw habitat.
C．They walk n their fins acrss the seaflr.D．They are the yungest kind f sharks n Earth.
10．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The evlutin f the sharks.B．The behavir f the sharks.
C．The ppulatin f the sharks.D．The DNA samples f the sharks.
11．What shuld be dne withut delay accrding t Dudgen and her team?
A．Adjusting the methds f fishing.B．Putting the sharks n the Nature Red List.
C．Changing the sharks' living envirnments.D．Adpting necessary measures t prtect the sharks.
12．Where is this passage mst prbably taken frm?
A．A film guide.B．A fashin magazine.
C．A news reprt.D．A science fictin.
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．C
【难度】0.65
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍一种新发现的鲨鱼，它们可以在海床行走，而不是游泳，现在这种鲨鱼数量在减少，需要予以保护。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A shark that walks in water instead f swimming might sund like a creature straight ut f a science fictin thriller. Hwever, that is precisely hw the fur new species f the fish-fund in the trpical waters f Nrthern Australia-mve acrss the seaflr.（在水里行走而不是游泳的鲨鱼听起来就像科幻惊悚小说里的生物。然而，这正是在澳大利亚北部热带水域发现的四种新鱼类在海底移动的方式。）”和文章第二段“The researchers believe their ability t use their fins t walk acrss the water affrds the sharks substantial advantage ver the unsuspecting smaller animals they prey n .（研究人员认为，鲨鱼利用鳍在水面上行走的能力为它们提供了相对于它们捕食的那些毫无防备的小动物的巨大优势。）”可知，新发现的鲨鱼最显著的特征是它们用鳍在海底行走。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“A DNA analysis f skin samples frm the sharks suggests that walking sharks brke away frm their brthers and sisters abut nine millin years ag and became a distinct species.（对鲨鱼皮肤样本的DNA分析表明，行走的鲨鱼在大约900万年前脱离了它们的兄弟姐妹，成为一个独特的物种。）”可知，本段主要介绍鲨鱼的进化。故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Dudgen and her team believe sensible cnservatin management plans are urgently needed t prtect the walking sharks and ther endangered animals frm further threats.（Dudgen和她的团队认为，迫切需要合理的保护管理计划，以保护行走的鲨鱼和其他濒危动物免受进一步的威胁。）”可知，Dudgen和她的团队认为现在刻不容缓的是采取措施保护鲨鱼。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The unique cean animals were discvered by a team f scientists, led by Dr Christine Dudgen frm Australians University f Queensland, during a 12-year-ld glbal cnservatin study.（这些独特的海洋动物是由澳大利亚昆士兰大学的克里斯汀·达金博士领导的一个科学家小组在一项为期12年的全球保护研究中发现的。）”和文章最后一段“The researchers, wh published their findings in The Marine and Freshwater Research jurnal n January 21, 2020（研究人员于2020年1月21日在《海洋和淡水研究》杂志上发表了他们的研究结果。）”可推知，文章可能出自一则新闻报道。故选C。
Passage 4
In 2012, Miyashita, a scientist at Meiji University in Tky, develped an “electric frk” that was riginally intended t imprve the flavr f hspital fd—the idea being t make fd taste saltier, fr instance, withut actually adding salt.
That was an early step fr Miyashita, wh had bigger plans. His new inventin, the Taste Display, culd reprduce any flavr ne might care t think f.
The human tngue has separate receptrs fr detecting sweet, sur, bitter, salty, and umami. Miyashita's device has five different gels (胶体),each cntaining an electrlyte slutin (电解液) that causes the tngue t sense ne f thse flavrs. Each gel is cnnected t a separate electric current, and the taste assciated with that gel weakens when the current is turned up. By adjusting the current strengths fr the gels, which can be dne autmatically, the taste f a chclate milkshake r a sirlin steak r any ther desired treat can be experienced thrugh the use f this device.
The Taste Display initially tk the frm f a rd (棒) that resembles a hand —held micrphne with a surface that s designed t be licked (舔) rather than talked int. But Miyashita already has an early versin f a mask, which affrds a user cntinuus cntact with the flavr giving surface, as part f a virtual reality system. He als has develped a "lickable screen" that can be incrprated nt a cell phne, allwing a persn t watch cking shws while tasting varius samples.
Miyashita is explring a new way f taste recrding perhaps thrugh the use f a device that can be dipped int fd, giving quick readuts f the flavrs. A prtable “salt meter” like this already exists, and it culd be adapted t measure ther flavrs t. “Within 10 years,” he predicts, “we shuld be able t instantly recrd and reprduce taste infrmatin.”
13．What is Miyashita's new inventin?
A．A salt—meter.B．An electric frk.
C．A flavr reprducer.D．An electrlyte slutin.
14．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．Hw the new inventin wrks.
B．What it is like t experience desired flavrs.
C．What are the functins f the human tngue.
D．Hw t adjust the current strengths fr the gels.
15．Which versin f Miyashita's inventin can be part f a cell phne?
A．The mask.B．The lickable screen.
C．The micrphne like rd.D．The taste prducing gels.
16．What can be inferred abut Miyashita?
A．He used t be a dctr.
B．He has a special taste fr fd.
C．He enjys watching cking shws.
D．He is an ambitius and creative persn.
【答案】13．C 14．A 15．B 16．D
【难度】0.65
13．细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句“His new inventin, the Taste Display, culd reprduce any flavr ne might care t think f.”（他的新发明——Taste Display，可以复制人们可能会想到任何口味。）可知，Miyashita的新发明是一个口味复制机。故选C。
14．段落大意题。根据第三段第二句到最后“Miyashita's device has five different gels (胶体),each cntaining an electrlyte slutin (电解液) that causes the tngue t sense ne f thse flavrs. Each gel is cnnected t a separate electric current, and the taste assciated with that gel weakens when the current is turned up. By adjusting the current strengths fr the gels, which can be dne autmatically, the taste f a chclate milkshake r a sirlin steak r any ther desired treat can be experienced thrugh the use f this device.”（Miyashita的设备有五种不同的凝胶，每一种都含有一种电解质溶液，可以让舌头感知其中一种味道。每一种凝胶都与单独的电流相连，当电流增大时，与凝胶相关的味道就会减弱。通过调整凝胶的电流强度(这可以自动完成)，通过使用该设备可以体验巧克力奶昔或西冷牛排或任何其他想要的美食的味道。）可知，第三段主要是讲新发明的工作方式。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“He als has develped a "lickable screen" that can be incrprated nt a cell phne, allwing a persn t watch cking shws while tasting varius samples.（他还开发了一种“可舔的屏幕”，可装在以手机上，让人们一边观看烹饪节目，一边品尝各种各样的样品。）可知，Miyashita的发明的“可舔的屏幕”可以装在手机上。故选B。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Miyashita is explring a new way f taste recrding perhaps thrugh the use f a device that can be dipped int fd, giving quick readuts f the flavrs.”（Miyashita正在探索一种记录味道的新方法，也许是使用一种可以蘸入食物的设备，快速读出食物的味道。）可知，以及“Within 10 years,” he predicts, “we shuld be able t instantly recrd and reprduce taste infrmatin.”Within 10 years,” he predicts, “we shuld be able t instantly recrd and reprduce taste infrmatin.””（他预测，在10年内，“我们应该能够即时记录和再现味觉信息。”）可知，Miyashita是一个有野心和创造力的人。故选D。
Passage 5
What is the mst recgnizable bject in the wrld? Culd it be a ftball r a big cmputer? N, the answer is a Cca-Cla bttle. Hundreds f millins f peple can recgnize a Cke bttle by its shape. Unlike any ther famus cmmercial lg, the famus Cca-Cla lg has nt changed in 100 years!
In 1886, Jhn Pembertn, a druggist in Atlanta, Gergia, invented a new type f syrup (糖浆), using cca leaves, sugar and cla nuts, plus a few ther secret ingredients. Pembertn sld it as a medicine; and with cca (the surce f ccaine), it must have made peple feel gd! Nevertheless, Pembertn's medicine was nt very successful, s he sld his secret frmula (配方) t anther druggist, Asa Candler, Candler was interested, because he had anther idea; he thught that Pembertn's "medicine" wuld be much better if it was mixed with sda. Candler was thus the man wh really invented the drink Cca-Cla. At first he sld it in his drugstre; then he began selling the syrup t ther drugstres, where it was used with their sda funtains. Candler als advertised his new drink, and sn peple were ging t drugstres just t get a drink f Cca-Cla. Befre lng. ther peple became interested in the prduct, including a cuple f businessmen wh wanted t sell it in bttles. Candler sld them a license t bttle the drink, and very quickly the men became millinaires. Then in 1916 the famus bttle, with its very distinctive shape, was designed.
During the First Wrld War (1914-1918), American sldiers in Eurpe began asking fr Cca-Cla, s the Cca-Cla cmpany began t exprt it t Eurpe. It was s ppular with sldiers that they then had t start bttling the drink in Eurpe. Tday. Cca-Cla is made all ver the wrld, including Russia and China; it is the wrld's mst ppular drink.
As fr the famus frmula, it is prbably the wrld's mst valuable secret! The exact ingredients fr making Cca-Cla are nly knwn t a handful f peple. And as fr the cca that was in the riginal drink, it was remved in 1903, fr it was a dangerus drug. Tday's Cca-Cla cntains caffeine, nt ccaine!
17．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A．The key ingredient f Cca-Cla.
B．The distinctive shape f Cca-Cla bttle.
C．The ever-changing lg f Cca-Cla.
D．The develpment f Cca-Cla.
18．Wh was the very persn that really invented the drink Cca-Cla?
A．Jhn Pembertn.B．Asa Candler.
C．An American sldier.D．A cuple f businessmen.
19．What can we cnclude frm the last paragraph?
A．The frmula f Cca-Cla is still a well-kept secret.
B．The ingredients fr making Cca-Cla is f great value.
C．Cca wasn't remved frm the drink until the First Wrld War.
D．Caffeine has the same effect n patients as ccaine.
20．Frm which is the text prbably taken?
A．A bilgy textbk.B．A life magazine.
C．A research paper.D．A travel brchure.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．A 20．B
【难度】0.65
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了可口可乐的发明和发展的故事。
17．主旨大意题。根据第二段第一句“In 1886, Jhn Pembertn, a druggist in Atlanta, Gergia, invented a new type f syrup (糖浆), using cca leaves, sugar and cla nuts, plus a few ther secret ingredients. (1886年，佐治亚州亚特兰大的药剂师Jhn Pembertn发明了一种新型糖浆，使用古柯叶、糖和可乐果，加上一些其他秘密成分)”，第三句“Nevertheless, Pembertn's medicine was nt very successful, s he sld his secret frmula (配方) t anther druggist, Asa Candler, Candler was interested, because he had anther idea; he thught that Pembertn's "medicine" wuld be much better if it was mixed with sda. (然而，彭伯顿的药不是很成功，所以他把他的秘密配方卖给了另一个药剂师阿萨·坎德勒。坎德勒很感兴趣，因为他又有了一个主意。他认为如果把彭伯顿的“药”和苏打混合在一起，效果会好得多)”和最后两句“Candler sld them a license t bttle the drink, and very quickly the men became millinaires. Then in 1916 the famus bttle, with its very distinctive shape, was designed. (坎德勒卖给他们装酒的许可证，很快他们就成了百万富翁。1916年，这款造型独特的著名瓶子被设计出来)”可知，第二段主要是讲可乐从发明到流行的发展过程。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Candler was thus the man wh really invented the drink Cca-Cla. (坎德勒就是真正发明可口可乐饮料的人)”可知，真正发明可口可乐饮料的人是坎德勒。故选B。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句“As fr the famus frmula, it is prbably the wrld's mst valuable secret! The exact ingredients fr making Cca-Cla are nly knwn t a handful f peple. (至于这个著名的配方，它可能是世界上最有价值的秘密！制作可口可乐的确切成分只有少数人知道)”可知，可口可乐的配方仍然是一个严格保密的秘密。故选A。
20．推理判断题。文章讲述的是可口可乐的发明和发展，这是我们日常生活中的小常识，所以应来自一本生活杂志。故选B。
（2024·北京海淀·二模）We are a scial animal. Indeed, it is ur sciality — such as the ability t make sense f each ther, t cmmunicate, t wrk cperatively and, finally, t create culture — that marks us ff frm ther animal species.
But then why are we everywhere striving t increase ur islatin and limit ur cntact with thers? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last mnth, it is a striking fact abut the new technlgies that have s cme t shape ur lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit ur need fr human cntact. Online shpping? Check. Autmated checkut? Check. Ride hail apps? Check.
Efficiency is the key. We purchase efficiency by limiting the human aspect, knwn as “autnmus peratin”. This is perhaps even mre prnunced with new technlgies n the hrizn. Take the MOOC, the teacher-less virtual classrm. As Byrn e ntes, this is meant t deliver the values f a learning envirnment withut, well, withut the envirnment — yu get t stay at hme — n teacher, but als, n fellw students.
Byrne isn’t claiming we are cnsciusly chsing t islate urselves. We shp nline because it is cnvenient. The absence f cntact with thers is a side-effect. Maybe even an unavidable ne, as ne f the things that makes nline shpping s easy is precisely the absence f cntact with ther peple.
But Bryne’s thught is that whatever ur intentin, the tendency f ur tech t islate us may be a feature, nt a bug. His hypthesis is that we actually, at sme level, crave (渴望) the increased islatin and we are actually making technlgies t satisfy impulses that, in sme way, g beynd r against ur scial nature. But I wnder, is this really new?
Even if we are scial by nature, and d everything we can t embed urselves scially, the need t find ways t be alne is, well, nthing new. It’s als striking that the very activities that risk separating us — in the ld days, bks, newspapers, TV; nwadays, the latest apps als cnnect us. We read abut each ther. What we read gives us infrmatin t share with each ther.
I am well aware f the data that shws the mre time yu spend n scial media, the sadder and mre islated and envius yu feel f thers. But hw nvel is the islating effect f scial media? Being there reminds me a lt f what it was like t be scial in high schl — yu have a vivid sense f yur status and yur standing in relatin t thers, and yu have t deal with that.
This may be islating, sure. But it’s the islating face f the scial lives we’ve always had. It is islating because f the ways technlgy brings us int real cntact with thers, nt because it remves that cntact.
I wnder whether mre islatin is a real ptin, after all.
30．What wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．What Technlgies D t Human NatureB．D Technlgies Shape Our Lives?
C．Hw Islatin Changes with CnnectinD．Can We Erase Human Element?
【答案】 30．D
30．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章第二段“But then why are we everywhere striving t increase ur islatin and limit ur cntact with thers? As musician David Byrn e argues in an essay published last mnth, it is a striking fact abut the new technlgies that have s cme t shape ur lives, that they have precisely this effect: they limit ur need fr human cntact. Online shpping? Check. Autmated checkut? Check. Ride hail apps? Check. (但是，为什么我们到处都在努力增加我们的孤立，限制我们与他人的接触呢？正如音乐家David Byrn在上月发表的一篇文章中所指出的那样，新技术如此塑造了我们的生活，一个令人震惊的事实是，它们恰恰具有这样的效果：它们限制了我们对人际交往的需求。)”可知，文章主语讨论了在线购物和社交媒体如何可能无意中导致人们感到孤独，但同时强调这些活动也提供了与他人建立联系的机会，反映了现代社会中人们在追求便利与社交之间的平衡。由此可知，D项“Can We Erase Human Element? (我们能抹去人类元素吗？)”适合作本文最佳标题。故选D。
（2024·北京卷D）
Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans. Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense.
The similarity f mral virtues acrss cultures is striking, even thugh the relative ranking f the virtues may vary with a scial grup’s histry and envirnment. Typically, cruelty and cheating are discuraged, while cperatin, humbleness and curage are praised. These universal nrms far pre-date the cncept f any mralising religin r written law. Instead, they are rted in the similarity f basic human needs and ur shared mechanisms fr learning and prblem slving. Our scial instincts (本能) include the intense desire t belng. The apprval f thers is rewarding, while their disapprval is strngly disliked. These scial emtins prepare ur brains t shape ur behaviur accrding t the nrms and values f ur family and ur cmmunity. Mre generally, scial instincts mtivate us t learn hw t behave in a scially cmplex wrld.
The mechanism invlves a repurpsed reward system riginally used t develp habits imprtant fr self-care. Our brains use the system t acquire behaviural patterns regarding safe rutes hme, efficient fd gathering and dangers t avid. Gd habits save time, energy and smetimes yur life. Gd scial habits d smething similar in a scial cntext. We learn t tell the truth, even when lying is self-serving; we help a grandparent even when it is incnvenient. We acquire what we call a sense f right and wrng.
Scial benefits are accmpanied by scial demands: we must get alng, but nt put up with t much. Hence self-discipline is advantageus. In humans, a greatly enlarged brain bsts self-cntrl, just as it bsts prblem-slving skills in the scial as well as the physical wrld. These abilities are strengthened by ur capacity fr language, which allws scial practices t develp in extremely unbvius ways.
32. What can be inferred abut the frming f the Inuit’s mral cde?
A. Living cnditins were the drive.B. Unwritten rules were the target.
C. Scial traditin was the basis.D. Hnesty was the key.
33. What can we learn frm this passage?
A. Incnveniences are the cause f telling lies.B. Basic human needs lead t universal nrms.
C. Language capacity is limited by self-cntrl.D. Written laws have great influence n virtues.
34. Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. Virtues: Bridges Acrss CulturesB. The Values f Self-discipline
C. Brains: Walls Against ChasD. The Rts f Mrality
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段“Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense. (在这里，规范是不成文的，很少明确表达，但被很好地理解和铭记。不赞成不诚实和暴力行为；领导、婚姻以及与其他群体的互动都受到传统的松散控制。冲突往往通过音乐斗争来解决。因为愤怒的争论会导致混乱，所以强烈反对。在无情的加拿大北部，生活的要求如此之高，因纽特人对待道德的务实态度很有道理)”可知，因纽特人的生活中，规范是不成文的，因纽特人的道德准则的形成是以社会传统为基础的。故选C项。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These universal nrms far pre-date the cncept f any mralising religin r written law. Instead, they are rted in the similarity f basic human needs and ur shared mechanisms fr learning and prblem slving.(这些普遍规范远远早于任何道德化宗教或成文法律的概念。相反，它们植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制)”可知，普遍的道德规范植根于人类基本需求的相似性以及我们学习和解决问题的共同机制，即人类的基本需求导致普遍的道德规范形成。故选B项。
34.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
猿的创造。故选B项。
（2023北京卷B）Sitting in the garden fr my friend’s birthday. I felt a buzz (振动) in my pcket. My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…” and my visin blurred (模糊). The psitin—measuring sil quality in the Sahara Desert as part f an undergraduate research prgramme — had felt like the answer I had spent years lking fr.
I had put s much time and emtinal energy int applying, and I thught the rejectin meant the end f the rad fr my science career.
S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all.
I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue.
When I applied t graduate schl, I fund three prgrammes prmising t allw me t fllw my desired research directin. And I applied with the same anxius excitement as befre. When I was rejected frm ne that had seemed like a perfect fit, it was undubtedly difficult. But this time I had the perspective (视角) t keep it frm sending me int panic. It helped that in the end I was accepted int ne f the ther prgrammes I was als excited abut.
Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them.
4．Hw did the authr feel upn seeing the email sender’s name?
A．Anxius.B．Angry.C．Surprised.D．Settled.
5．After talking with Prfessr Devn, the authr decided t ________.
A．criticise the review prcessB．stay lnger in the Sahara Desert
C．apply t the riginal prject againD．put his heart and sul int the lab wrk
6．Accrding t the authr, the prject with the rbtics prfessr was ________.
A．demandingB．inspiringC．misleadingD．amusing
7．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．An invitatin is a reputatin.B．An innvatin is a reslutin.
C．A rejectin can be a redirectin.D．A reflectin can be a restrictin.
【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。
4．推理判断题。根据第一段“My heart raced when I saw the email sender’s name. The email started ff: “Dear Mr Green, thank yu fr yur interest” and “the review prcess tk lnger than expected.” It ended with “We are srry t infrm yu…”and my visin blurred (模糊). (当我看到邮件发件人的名字时，我的心跳加速了。这封邮件是这样开头的：“亲爱的格林先生，感谢您的关注”，“审核过程比预期的要长。”信的结尾是“我们很抱歉地通知你……”，我的视线模糊了)”可知，收到的是被拒绝的邮件，所以推测作者在看到电子邮件发件人的名字时感到焦虑。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据第三段“S I was shcked when, nt lng after the email, Prfessr Mary Devn, wh was running the prgramme, invited me t bserve the wrk being dne in her lab. I jumped at the chance, and a few weeks later I was equally shcked—and verjyed—when she invited me t talk with her abut ptential prjects I culd pursue in her lab. What she prpsed didn’t seem as exciting as the riginal prject I had applied t, but I was ging t give it my all. (因此，当我收到这封邮件后不久，负责这个项目的玛丽·德文教授邀请我去她的实验室观察正在进行的工作时，我感到非常震惊。我欣然接受了这个机会，几周后，当她邀请我和她谈谈我可以在她的实验室里从事的潜在项目时，我同样感到震惊——同时也是欣喜若狂。她提出的建议似乎没有我最初申请的项目那么令人兴奋，但我打算全力以赴)”可知，与德文教授交谈后，作者决定全心全意地投入实验室工作。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段“I fund myself wrking with a rbtics prfessr n techniques fr cllecting data frm the desert remtely. That prject, which I culd cmplete frm my sfa instead f in the burning heat f the desert, nt nly survived the lckdwn but wrked where traditinal methds didn’t. In the end, I had a new scientific interest t pursue. (我发现自己和一个机器人教授一起研究从沙漠中远程收集数据的技术。我可以在沙发上完成这个项目，而不是在沙漠的酷热中完成，它不仅在封锁期间幸存下来，而且在传统方法不奏效的地方也奏效了。最后，我有了新的科学兴趣去追求)”可推知，机器人学教授的项目很鼓舞人心。故选B。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rather than setting plans in stne, I’ve learned that smetimes I need t take the pprtunities that are ffered, even if they dn’t sund perfect at the time, and make the mst f them. (我明白了有时候我需要抓住提供的机会，即使这些机会在当时听起来并不完美，也要充分利用，而不是一成不变地制定计划)”结合文章中作者结合自己被拒绝后得到了更好的职业发展机会，告诉我们最初的拒绝给予了更好的方向。故C选项“拒绝可以是重定向”最符合文章的主旨。故选C。
（2023北京卷C）In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties. The inability t engage with lnger-term causes and cnsequences leads t sme f the wrld’s mst serius prblems: climate change, bidiversity cllapse, and mre. The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.
It has been prved that peple have a bias (偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices (牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw. Instead, all that matters is next quarter’s prfit, r satisfying sme ther near-term desires.
These biased perspectives cannt be blamed n ne single cause. It is fair t say, thugh, that ur psychlgical biases play a majr rle. Peple’s hesitancy t delay satisfactin is the mst bvius example, but there are thers. One f them is abut hw the mst accessible infrmatin in the present affects decisins abut the future. Fr instance, yu might hear smene say: “It’s cld this winter, s I needn’t wrry abut glbal warming.”Anther is that lud and urgent matters are given t much imprtance, making peple ignre lnger-term trends that arguably matter mre. This is when a pp star draws far mre attentin than, say, gradual bidiversity decline.
As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary. Older peple tday, fr example, can remember a time with insect-cvered car windscreens after lng drives. Children, n the ther hand, have n idea that insect ppulatin has drpped dramatically.
8．The authr qutes Francis Cle mainly t ________.
A．draw a cmparisn
B．intrduce a tpic
C．evaluate a statement
D．highlight a prblem
9．What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A．Climate change has been frgtten.
B．Lessns f histry are highly valued.
C．The human mind is bad at nting slw change.
D．Humans are unwilling t admit their shrtcmings.
10．What des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Far-sighted thinking matters t humans.
B．Humans tend t make lng-term sacrifices.
C．Current plicies facilitate future decisin-making.
D．Bias twards the present helps reduce near-term desires.
【答案】8．D 9．C 10．A
【导语】本文是说明文。近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。事实证明，人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，专注于当下有吸引力的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和财务稳定。
8．推理判断题。第一段首句“In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，接着下文“The histrian Francis Cle argues that the West has entered a perid where “nly the present exists, a present characterised at nce by the cruelty f the instant and by the bredm f an unending nw”.(历史学家弗朗西斯•科尔（Francis Cle）认为，西方已经进入了一个“只有现在存在的时代，现在的特点是瞬间的残酷和无休止的现在的无聊”。)”引用历史学家Francis Cle的话来强调只注重现在的这种短期主义的危害，由此可推知，文章引用Francis Cl的话是为了强调一个问题，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As a psychlgist nce jked, if aliens (外星人) wanted t weaken humanity, they wuldn’t send ships; they wuld invent climate change. Indeed, when it cmes t envirnmental transfrmatins, we can develp a frm f cllective “pr memry”, and each new generatin can believe the state f affairs they encunter is nthing ut f the rdinary.(一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想削弱人类，他们不会派出飞船；他们会发明气候变化。的确，在环境变化的问题上，我们可以形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，每一代人都会认为他们所遇到的情况并没有什么不同寻常的)”可知，一位心理学家曾经开玩笑说，如果外星人想要削弱人类，他们会发明气候变化，通过这种方式来削弱人类，因为人们对于气候变化形成一种集体的“记忆不良”，认为他们所遇到的情况没什么异常的，由此可推知人们不擅长察觉出缓慢的变化，故选C。
10．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“In recent years, researchers frm diverse fields have agreed that shrt-termism is nw a significant prblem in industrialised scieties.(近年来，来自不同领域的研究人员一致认为，短期主义现在是工业化社会的一个重大问题。)”提出一个问题——短期主义，和第二段“It has been prved that peple have a bias(偏向) twards the present, fcusing n lud attractins in the mment at the expense f the health, well-being and financial stability f their future selves r cmmunity. In business, this bias surfaces as shrt-sighted decisins. And n slw-burning prblems like climate change, it translates int the unwillingness t make small sacrifices(牺牲) tday that culd make a majr difference tmrrw.(事实证明人们对现在有偏见，以牺牲健康为代价，只专注于当下引人注目的事物，而牺牲了未来自己或社区的健康、幸福和稳定。在商业中，这种偏见表现为短视决策。在气候变化等缓慢燃烧的问题上，这意味着不愿意今天做出小的牺牲，而这些牺牲可能会在明天产生重大影响。)”可知，文章主要讲述了短视决策的危害，呼吁我们要做出有远见的思考。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是告诉我们有远见的思考对人类的重要性，故选A。
（2023北京卷D）What is life? Like mst great questins, this ne is easy t ask but difficult t answer. The reasn is simple: we knw f just ne type f life and it’s challenging t d science with a sample size f ne. The field f artificial life-called ALife fr shrt — is the systematic attempt t spell ut life’s fundamental principles. Many f these practitiners, s-called ALifers, think that smehw making life is the surest way t really understand what life is.
S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
Cmpared with the develpments f Al, advances in ALife are harder t recgnize. One reasn is that ALife is a field in which the central cncept — life itself — is undefined. The lack f agreement amng ALifers desn’t help either. The result is a diverse line f prjects that each advance alng their unique paths. Fr better r wrse, ALife mirrrs the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) prgressin is a striking parallel (平行线) t the evlutinary struggles that have shaped Earth bisphere.
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
11．Regarding Alan Smith’s defence f ALife, the authr is .
A．supprtiveB．puzzledC．uncncernedD．dubtful
12．What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
13．What can we learn frm this passage?
A．ALife hlds the key t human future.B．ALife and AI share a cmmn feature.
C．AI mirrrs the develpments f ALife.D．AI speeds up the prcess f human evlutin.
14．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B．Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D．Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B 14．D
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“S far n ne has cnvincingly made artificial life. This track recrd makes ALife a ripe target fr criticism, such as declaratins f the field’s dubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a cmplexity scientist, is tired f such cmplaints. Asking abut “the pint” f ALife might be, well, missing the pint entirely, he says. “The existence f a living system is nt abut the use f anything.” Alan says. “Sme peple ask me, ‘S what’s the wrth f artificial life?’ D yu ever think, ‘What is the wrth f yur grandmther?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
12．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamred)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
13．推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故选B。
14．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章标题题（最新模拟）
【题型二】阅读理解之主旨要义---文章大意题（最新模拟）
【题型三】阅读理解之主旨要义---段落大意题（最新模拟）
02 重难创新练（阅读理解创新题）
03 真题实战练
【说明】因为是二轮复习，所以为了保持语篇的完整性，没有对语篇进行删减，对细节理解题进行了蓝色标注。