高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节理解（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解细节理解（4大易错点+易错闯关训练）（全国通用）（教师版），共27页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc6719" 第一部分 易错点剖析 PAGEREF _Tc6719 \h 1
易错典题 避错攻略 举一反三
\l "_Tc403" 易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误 PAGEREF _Tc403 \h 1
易错02 同义转述：同义转述或简化概括错误4
\l "_Tc11528" 易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息7
\l "_Tc8651" 易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关9
\l "_Tc11195" 第二部分 易错点闯关12
易错01 数据推算：没抓住内容逻辑致计算错误
易错典题
【例1】(2025全国一卷阅读理解A 篇第21题)
The greening f planes, trains and autmbiles
Mving gds and peple arund the wrld is respnsible fr a large part f glbal CO2 emissins (排放). As the wrld races t decarbnize everything, it faces particular prblems with transprtatin — which accunts fr abut a quarter f ur energy-related greenhuse gas emissins. Here’s the breakdwn f the emissins in 2018 fr different mdes f transprt.
The fuels fr transprt need t be nt just green, cheap and pwerful, but als lightweight and safe enugh t be carried arund. Each mde f transprt has its specific fuel needs. Much is still t be settled, but here are sme f the slutins t get us ging green.
...
21. What percentage f glbal transprt emissins did rad vehicles accunt fr in 2018?
A. 11.6%.B. 45.1%.C. 74.5%.D. 86.1%.
【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据图表信息ROAD VEHICLES部分中“ROAD (PASSENGER) 45.1% (道路(客运)45.1%)”以及“ROAD (GOODS) 29.4% (道路(货运)29.4%)”可知，道路车辆总占比为45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路车辆在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故选C项。
【错因分析】本题涉及数据比较复杂，既有文字信息，还有图片信息，部分考生不能做到题干、文本、图片信息三结合，找不到最有效信息rad vehicles和图片ROAD(PASSENGER) 45.1%及ROAD(GOODS)29.4%之间逻辑关系造成失误。
避错攻略
【方法总结】 先定位(题干关键词)，再圈画(原文相关词句)，后计算(看逻辑再加减乘除运算)。
【干货必记】数字计算题满分策略
1.题型解读
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。
2.思维导图
3.解题步骤
原文定位：依据题干关键词，然后寻读原文，同时标记数字、时间、年代等相关信息。
理清关系：数据与原文数据的逻辑关系，并进行加减乘除计算。
特别关注：decade 十年frtnight两周duble两倍 cuple两个scre二十dzen十二ff削价，减价discunt折扣。
做题留痕：依据题干在原文圈划答题区间；划掉错项，去伪存真，快速作答提升效率.
错题反思：专用笔记本记录错因举一反三。
举一反三
1.（2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第22题）...
Estimated Prject Timeline
...
22. Hw lng will the public art signs be n display?
A. Ten days. B. Three weeks.C. One mnth.D. Tw mnths.
【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据时间表（Estimated Prject Timeline）中的最后一行 “September 23–Octber 13: Artwrk displayed fr duratin f Culture Days celebratin”（9月23日至10月13日：作品在文化日庆祝活动期间展出）计算可知，从9月23日到9月30日是8天，10月1日到 10月13 日是13天，总计21天，即三周（Three weeks）。故选 B。
2.（2025浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题）...
Interlibrary Lan Fees
23. Hw much d yu pay fr tw articles btained frm an internatinal library?
A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30.
【答案】D
【详解】细节理解题。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Interlibrary Lan Fees下第四行Internatinal Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30，故选D。
3.（2023新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第22题）...
Why MacBike
MacBike has been arund fr almst 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental cmpany in Amsterdam. With ver 2,500 bikes stred in ur five rental shps at strategic lcatins, we make sure there is always a bike available fr yu. We ffer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with ft brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
22. Hw much d yu pay fr renting a bike with hand brake and three gears fr tw days?
A. €15.75.B. €19.50.C. €22.75.D. €29.50.
【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据定价表可知，租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元，额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。故选C。
易错02 同义转述：不熟悉同义转述或简化概括
易错典题
【例2】（2024新课标I卷阅读理解A篇第23题）
HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM
...
GROUPS
...
AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING
Vlunteers aged 10 and ver are welcme. Read ur Yuth Plicy Guidelines fr yuth under the age f 15.
Bring yur cmpleted Vlunteer Agreement Frm. Vlunteers under the age f 18 must have the parent/guardian apprval sectin signed.
We’ll be wrking rain r shine. Wear clthes that can get dirty. Bring layers fr changing weather and a raincat if necessary.
Bring a persnal water bttle, sunscreen, and lunch.
N experience necessary. Training and tls will be prvided. Fulfills (满足) cmmunity service requirements.
23. What are the vlunteers expected t d?
A. Bring their wn tls.B. Wrk even in bad weather.
C. Wear a team unifrm.D. D at least three prjects.
【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be wrking rain r shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。
【错因分析】不分考生不熟悉选项Wrk even in bad weather是对原文We’ll be wrking rain r shine的同义转述造成失误。
避错攻略
【方法总结】让步状语从句并不难，记住“虽然”含义是关键；先看搭配后看语境；对号入座选答案。
【干货必记】阅读理解微技能之同义转述和简化概括
1.同义转述
在阅读理解的题目中，命题人有时会将文中的一个或多个信息点换一种方式表达出来即同义转述。同义转述可能会出现在题干中，也可能出现在选项中，转述的方式也是多种多样的，如通过同义词、反义词、近义词或派生词的形式等。借助“同义转述”，考生可以快速锁定答案。如2024新课标I卷第30题A项中的“hld students' attentin”是对原文中“feel mre engaging”的同义转述。
2.简化概括
高考阅读理解不仅考查考生提取文本中表层信息(文本中直接陈述的事实与观点)的能力，同时也会考查考生的深层理解能力，要求考生理解散落在文本各处的信息点，并进行归纳整理，得出文章所要表达的含义，因此这些题目的正确选项就是对文中碎片信息的整合与概括。如2024新课标I卷第29题A项中的“treat digital texts lightly"是对原文信息句peple apprach digital texts with a mindset suited t scial media, which are ften nt sserius, and devte less mental effrt than when they are reading print"简化概括。
举一反三
1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第22题）
Shrewsbury, Shrpshire
Getting t Shrewsbury Twn Center frm Lndn is challenging but wrth the anxiety. The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. Flwers are everywhere-hanging baskets, windw bxes, and planters-just what yu imagine in an attractive English market twn.
22. What is a feature f Shrewsbury Twn Center?
A. It’s situated near a big island.B. It’s almst surrunded by water.
C. It’s knwn fr its flwer festival.D. It’s easily accessible frm Lndn.
【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据Shrewsbury, Shrpshire部分中“The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center. The shape creates a perfect market where gds culd be shipped and received using the river as a highway. (塞文河在流经小镇时出现一个明显的转弯，几乎将什鲁斯伯里镇中心变成一座孤岛。这种地形造就了一个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为运输通道来收发货物)”可知，什鲁斯伯里镇中心几乎被水包围。故选B项。
【易错提醒】答案B. It’s almst surrunded by water.是对原文The River Severn has a significant turn thrugh twn, almst making an island f Shrewsbury Twn Center的同义转述。
2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
25. Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A. He was trained in it at university.
B. He was inspired by anther veterinarian.
C. He benefited frm it as a patient.
D. He wanted t save mney fr pet wners.
【答案】C
【详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
【易错提醒】答案C. He benefited frm it as a patient.是对原文Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients.的简化概括。
3.（2025全国二卷阅读理解C篇第28题）When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants. Her success is just ne example f increased time at hme leading t an explsin in the huseplant industry.
28. Hw was Detrinidad’s business when it started?
A. It faced tugh cmpetitin.B. It suffered a great lss.
C. It gt lts f financial supprt.D. It went surprisingly well.
【答案】D
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When Snja Detrinidad pened her nline shp selling huseplants, she didn’t have high hpes fr it. But the ppsite happened: She was flded, shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne. (当Snja Detrinidad开设她的网店售卖室内植物时，她并没有抱太大的期望。但结果却恰恰相反：订单如潮水般涌来，仅在2020年6月就寄出了1200份订单)”可知，Snja Detrinidad刚开始开网店卖室内植物时，并没有抱太大希望，但实际情况是订单很多，生意出奇地好。故选D。
【易错提醒】原文shipping ut 1,200 rders in June f 2020 alne，In the past year, Detrinidad sent ut mre than 70,000 plants，Her success is just ne example被选项D. It went surprisingly well. 简化概括。
易错03 无中生有：利用原文词汇编造信息
易错典题
【例3】(2026浙江1月卷阅读理解A篇第23题)
Applicatin Package
Artwrk Statement: Please prvide a brief statement (maximum 150 wrds) utlining yur artwrk cncept.
Artwrk r Writing Submissin:
•Visual Art Submissin: Please submit an artwrk sketch (草图) f yur cncept. This can be a wrk in prgress rather than a cmpleted piece. If yu are prpsing t use a cmpleted artwrk, please submit it as yur “sketch”.
•Writing Submissin: Submissins must be a maximum f 250 wrds. It may be a stand-alne piece such as a pem r shrt stry r a part taken frm a larger piece.
•Artist Bigraphy: Please prvide a shrt intrductin (maximum 50 wrds) t the artist written in the third persn.
23. Which f the fllwing meets the applicatin requirements?
A. A 150-wrd pem.B. A 100-wrd self-intrductin.
C. A 300-wrd stry.D. A 200-wrd artwrk statement.
【答案】A
【详解】细节理解题。根据 “Applicatin Package”部分的要求：“Artwrk Statement: maximum 150 wrds”（艺术说明：最多 150 词）；“Writing Submissin: maximum250wrds”（文字作品：最多 250词）；“Artist Bigraphy: maximum 50 wrds”（艺术家简介：最多50词）。对比选项：A项“150词的诗歌”属于文字作品，符合不超过250词的要求，正确；B项“100词的简介”超过了50词的要求；C项“300词的故事”超过了250词的要求；D项“200词的艺术说明”超过了150词的要求。故选 A。
【错因分析】这四件事文中都有提交，但是错误选项具体字数都是无中生有。
避错攻略
【方法总结】盯原文，抠字眼，三对照，定答案。
【干货必记】阅读理解高频错误之错误联想和无中生有
1.错误联想
错误联想，就是在原文中找到部分词句表述，以此为基础进行联想，编写出的短语或句子与原文意思大相径庭。由于正确答案中也会涉及到原文的部分原词表述，学生必须真正读懂文章，才能判断各选项是原文的同义转述还是错误联想。
2.无中生有
无中生有的选项则完全脱离了原文词句，在文中难以找到依据，不过也并非完全“无中生有”，而是基于原文词汇的同义词或同语义场内的词汇进行错误联想。基于这两种手段联想产生的新意，在文章原文的语境中，逻辑是通顺的，只不过与原文意义不符，读者一般无法在不阅读原文的前提下仅仅依靠常识判断正误。
举一反三
1.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解B篇第25题）Farber, a graduate f Clrad State University, started ut as a mre cnventinal veterinarian. He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ag when he suffered frm terrible back pain. He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but fund little relief. Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.
25. Why did Farber decide t try acupuncture n pets?
A. He was trained in it at university. （错误联想）
B. He was inspired by anther veterinarian. （错误联想）
C. He benefited frm it as a patient.
D. He wanted t save mney fr pet wners. （无中生有）
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he imprved after tw r three treatments. What wrked n a veterinarian seemed likely t wrk n his patients. S, after studying the techniques fr a cuple f years, he began ffering them t pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。
【易错点波】AB选项分别基于原文中的university和veterinarian进行的错误联想，逻辑无误，不看原文无法判断正误。D选项的pet wner在答案所在段落没有出现，不过在下一段提到了一个宠物主Leigh Tindale的狗心脏病严重，通过针灸延长了寿命。Pet wner算是一个同义转换，基于此错误联想到save mney，算无中生有。
2.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies – say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn. Hwever, psychlgists have demnstrated that when adults read news stries, they remember mre f the cntent than if they listen t r view identical pieces.
30. Why are audi and vide increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hld students’ attentin.
B. They are mre cnvenient t prepare. （无中生有）
C. They help develp advanced skills. （无中生有）
D. They are mre infrmative than text. （无中生有）
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段“Audi (音频) and vide can feel mre engaging than text, and s university teachers increasingly turn t these technlgies — say, assigning an nline talk instead f an article by the same persn.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。
【易错点拨】B选项“音视频更方便准备”在原文中没有依据，属于按照常识的联想；C选项也根据原文的technlgies无中生有，错误联想了“它们帮助开发高级skills”；D选项也是根据原文的“mre f the cntent”无中生有，错误联想到“mre infrmative”。
3.（2024新课标I卷阅读理解C篇第30题）“We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru.
34. What has led t the biases accrding t the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. （无中生有）
B. Pr quality f upladed pictures. （错误联想）
C. Imprper way f sampling.
D. Unreliable data cllectin devices. （无中生有）
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“These bservatins nw utnumber the primary data that cmes frm physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using bservatinal data t investigate hw species are respnding t glbal change, I wanted t knw: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in explring the aspects f sampling that tend t bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihd f a citizen scientist t take a picture f a flwering plant instead f the grass right next t it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。
【易错点拨】A选项和D选项提到的“数据分析”和“收集设备”在文中都没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项基于文章的take a picture错误联想。
易错04 答非所问：信息正确但与问题无关
易错典题
【例4】(2025全国二卷阅读理解D篇第33题)
Fr tw weeks in March, Greenwich Village’s Blue Hill restaurant was renamed wastED, and served items like fried skate cartilage, a juice pulp burger, and a dumpster diver’s vegetable salad. Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste.
A study by the Fd Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 punds f fd waste fr every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and f that waste nly 15.7% is dnated r recycled. Up t 84.3% is simply thrwn ut. Restaurants like Sil in the UK have experimented with zer-waste systems, but wastED tk the cncept t its lgical cnclusin.
33. Why did Blue Hill carry ut the experiment?
A. T custmize dishes fr guests.（答非所问）
B. T make the public aware f fd waste.
C. T test a fd prcessing methd.（答非所问）
D. T imprve the UK’s zer-waste systems. （答非所问）
【答案】B
【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Each dish was tailr-made t raise awareness regarding fd waste. (每道菜都是量身定制的，以提高人们对食物浪费的认识)”可知，Blue Hill餐厅进行这个实验，将菜单改为只提供原本会被扔掉的食物，是为了提高公众对食物浪费的认识。故选B。
【错因分析】选项A表示“为客户定制菜肴”，选项C表示“测试一个食物加工方法”，选项D表示“提高英国零浪费机制”均原文不一致，属于答非所问。
【干货必记】应对“答非所问”干扰项的核心措施
1.精准审题：圈画“设问角度+ 核心主体”
审题时必须明确两个关键点：① 题干的提问方向（是“原因”“结果”“特点”还是“观点”）；② 题干的核心主体（是人、物、地点还是事件）。圈画后可快速排除主体或角度不匹配的选项。
2.定位原文：锁定“设问对应的答案范围”
找到题干关键词在原文中的定位句/段，明确答案应围绕该范围展开，排除超出范围或来自其他段落的 “属实但无关” 信息。
3.双向比对：先验“是否回应设问”，再验“是否符合原文”
避免先判断选项是否符合原文，应先判断选项是否回应题干设问。若选项未回答问题，即使表述正确也需排除；若回应设问，再验证其与原文是否一致。
4.聚焦核心：排除“细枝末节+过度解读”选项
正确答案通常对应原文主旨或定位句核心信息，若选项仅涉及原文次要细节、无中生有或过度延伸（如从 “学业表现好”延伸到“更吸引学生”），即使与主题相关，也可能是答非所问干扰项。
【避坑指南】
①干扰项与细节部分相似，部分相悖（扩缩范围）
②干扰项内容符合常识，但无原文依据（文章未提）
③干扰项与细节相同，但不合题干要求（答非所问）
④干扰项与细节部分相符部分不符（正误并存）
⑤干扰项与原文一致，但把本来A的观点按成B的（张冠李戴）
⑥干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变（偷梁换柱）
举一反三
1.（2025全国二卷阅读理解A篇第21题）English Market Twns t Visit in the UK
English market twns cme in many shapes and sizes. Each has a persnality shaped by the gds and services prduced and traded fr centuries. But each twn has mre t d than shp.
Herefrd, Herefrdshire
Herefrd has remained a lively market twn since 1189. Skirting the twn square, yu’ll find lvely shps, eateries, and the Black and White Huse Museum. The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there.
Ludlw, Shrpshire
...
Shrewsbury, Shrpshire
...
Mevagissey, Crnwall
...
21. Where can yu find an riginal cpy f the Magna Carta?
A. In the Ludlw Castle.B. In the Fdie Center f England.
C. In the Herefrd Cathedral.D. In the Black and White Huse Museum.
【答案】C
【详解】 细节理解题。根据Herefrd, Herefrdshire部分中“The Herefrd Cathedral is the mst impressive building in twn. It’s als hme t an ancient library. One f the fur riginal cpies f the Magna Carta is displayed there. (赫里福德大教堂是镇上最令人印象深刻的建筑。它还拥有一座古老的图书馆，《大宪章》的四份原始副本之一便陈列于此)”可知，在赫里福德大教堂可以找到《大宪章》的原始副本。故选C项。
【易错点拨】ABD选项的地点都是在题干关键词所在段或下一段中原词出现，答非所问。
2.（2025全国一卷阅读理解B篇第24题）In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cwby wh saved his twn, a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s, and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life. Mre than nce, I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple, knew their subjects s well.
24. Wh are the peple mentined at the beginning f paragraph 1?
A. Ninth graders.B. Students’ parents.
C. Mdern writers.D. Fictinal characters.
【答案】D
【详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“In my ninth-grade writing class last year, I met a cwby wh saved his twn, a strict father wh demanded his sn earn straight A’s, and a mdern-day Juliet wh died f heartbreak after her parents rejected the lve f her yung life. Mre than nce, I fund myself wndering just hw my students, wh’d created these peple, knew their subjects s well. (去年，在我九年级的写作课上，我结识了一位拯救了自己小镇的牛仔、一位要求儿子门门功课全得A的严厉父亲，还有一位现代版的朱丽叶——因父母反对她年少的爱情而心碎离世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，这些塑造了这些人物的学生，究竟是如何如此深谙他们笔下的角色的)”可知，这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物。故选D。
【易错点拨】这里提到的牛仔、严厉的父亲和现代版的朱丽叶都是学生在写作中创造出来的虚构人物，余项答非所问。
3.（2025八省联考卷阅读理解C篇第28题）Fr Jacbs, urban cmmunities are rganic beings that shuld be left t grw and change by themselves and nt be subject t the grand plans f s-called experts and fficials. The best judges f hw a city shuld be — and hw it shuld develp — are the lcal residents themselves. Jacbs argues that urban cmmunities are best placed t understand hw their city functins, because city life is created and sustained thrugh their varius interactins.
29. Wh des Jacbs think shuld make decisins n urban develpment?
A. Lcal residents.B. Gvernment fficials.
C. City planners.D. Cnstructin wrkers.
【答案】A
【详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Fr Jacbs (对于Jacbs来说)”以及“The best judges f hw a city shuld be — and hw it shuld develp — are the lcal residents themselves. (一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacbs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A项。
【易错点拨】Jacbs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民，余项虽然文中有所提及但答非所问。
01（25-26高三上·山东·期末）Funded in 2007, Shrt f the Week, the premier, industry-and-fan-trusted shrt film platfrm, is intended t shwcase tp emerging filmmakers’ wrks. Here yur film appears n the frnt page, gains thusands f new fans, and cnnects directly with the wrld’s largest shrt film cmmunity f prducers, prgrammers and filmmakers. Fr cnsideratin, the guidelines are as fllws:
Requirements
· Films need t be 40 minutes r less. We prefer films shrter than 10 minutes.
· We like premieres (首映). There is n cmpletin date requirement.
· We require films t have all necessary rights and releases secured fr us t feature them,including music.
· We nly select films that are free fr audiences.
What We Lk Fr
We lk fr great stries that brave new territry. We value great characters, interesting new wrlds, and stries that surprise us ver fancy visual effects, famus actrs, r silly ne-liners that ften feed mst nline vides. S when screening films, we tend t scre them based n three aspects:
· Head — Des it break new grund and have us thinking abut smething in a new way?
· Heart — Des it appeal t ur emtin?
· Hand — Des it exhibit great skill and craftsmanship?
What We Avid
We have n hard rules. In general, thugh, the fllwing are nt a gd fit fr us:
· Music vides r abstract films with n r little stry
· Films driven merely by special effects
· Cmmercials r purely prmtinal pieces
· Travel phtgraphy vides
Refund Plicy
As with ther festivals, yur fee is paid fr yur film t be cnsidered.Submissin desn’t guarantee acceptance. If yur film is nt accepted, yur submissin fee wn’t be refunded.
1．What’s the aim f Shrt f the Week?
A．T attract filmmakers.B．T prmte gd shrt films.
C．T intrduce its guidelines.D．T evaluate the quality f films.
2．What’s a must fr the submitted film?
A．Lasting under 15 minutes.B．Meeting the set entry deadline.
C．Featuring distinctive music.D．Being fully licensed fr publicatin.
3．What d the judges care mst?
A．Fresh, mving plts.B．Renwned actrs.
C．Fancy, special effects.D．Cmmercial values.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了Shrt f the Week这一短片平台的相关信息，包括其成立目的、提交影片的要求、评审标准、避免的类型以及退款政策等。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Funded in 2007, Shrt f the Week, the premier, industry-and-fan-trusted shrt film platfrm, is intended t shwcase tp emerging filmmakers’ wrks. (Shrt f the Week成立于2007年，是业界和影迷信赖的首屈一指的短片平台，旨在展示顶级新兴电影人的作品。)”可知，Shrt f the Week的目的是展示顶级新兴电影人的作品，即推广优秀的短片。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据Requirements部分“We require films t have all necessary rights and releases secured fr us t feature them, including music. (我们要求影片必须获得所有必要的权利和许可，以便我们能够展示它们，包括音乐。)”可知，提交的影片必须获得完整的出版许可。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据What We Lk Fr部分“We lk fr great stries that brave new territry. We value great characters, interesting new wrlds, and stries that surprise us ver fancy visual effects, famus actrs, r silly ne-liners that ften feed mst nline vides. (我们寻找勇敢开拓新领域的精彩故事。我们重视伟大的角色、有趣的新世界，以及那些能让我们感到惊讶的故事，而不是华丽的视觉效果、著名的演员，或是那些常常充斥于大多数网络视频中的愚蠢的一句台词。)”以及“S when screening films, we tend t scre them based n three aspects: Head — Des it break new grund and have us thinking abut smething in a new way? Heart — Des it appeal t ur emtin? Hand — Des it exhibit great skill and craftsmanship? (所以，在筛选电影时，我们倾向于从三个方面对它们进行评分：头脑——它是否开拓了新的领域，让我们以新的方式思考？心灵——它是否吸引了我们的情感？手艺——它是否展现了高超的技巧和工艺？)”可知，评审最看重的是新颖、动人的情节。故选A项。
02（25-26高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Make it: Fashin
Lking fr smething t d n the weekend? Jin Make it fr hands-n, family-friendly activities, inspired by the Victria and Albert Museum (V & A)’s cllectin and exhibitins.
This Make it invites yur family t explre fashin thrugh printmaking. Led by artist Kim Chin, yu can design yur wn prints fr fashin, and take turns using ne printing machine t bring yur designs t life n fabric.
Cme alng t learn sme new skills as a family. Let yur child take the lead, but wrk tgether as a family t explre designing and creating. N previus experience is necessary and all materials will be prvided. Each family will leave with fashin-inspired prints n fabric and new skills in print designs.
The 10:30 wrkshp is recmmended fr ages 5 — 7, the 13:00 wrkshp fr ages 8 — 10, and the 15:00 wrkshp fr 11 — 13. Each wrkshp is 90 minutes lng.
Tickets are £20 minimum fr ne adult and child pair. Yu can add extra adult r child tickets t this bking. Please bk ne £10 ticket fr each additinal child r each extra adult attending. Children must always be accmpanied by an adult. Please nte that adults will be able t attend nly if they’ve bked a child ticket as well.
Please duble-check that yu can attend an event befre bking tickets. We nly ffer refunds (退款) in exceptinal circumstances. If the V & A needs t cancel the event due t an emergency, r fr any reasn beynd cntrl, we will reschedule yur bking fr a later date. If rescheduling is nt pssible, we will issue a full refund.
1．What d we knw abut Make it?
A．It welcmes preschlers under 5.
B．It encurages families t take part.
C．It requires a backgrund in fashin.
D．It prvides varius printing machines.
2．Hw much des a family f a cuple with tw children need t pay fr tickets?
A．£20.B．£30.C．£40.D．£50.
3．What happens if the V & A cancels an event due t an emergency?
A．A full refund will be given immediately.
B．The tickets will be used fr exhibitins.
C．The bking will be mved t anther day.
D．A discunt fr future events will be prvided.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆旗下一家工作坊的活动，包括活动主题、形式、费用、年龄分组以及取消政策等。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“This Make it invites yur family t explre fashin thrugh printmaking. (Make it邀请你的家人通过版画创作来体验时尚。)”和第三段中“Cme alng t learn sme new skills as a family. Let yur child take the lead, but wrk tgether as a family t explre designing and creating. (全家一起来学习一些新技能吧。让你的孩子带头，但作为一个家庭一起探索设计和创造。)”可知，该工作坊鼓励家庭参与。故选B项。
2．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Tickets are £20 minimum fr ne adult and child pair. Yu can add extra adult r child tickets t this bking. Please bk ne £10 ticket fr each additinal child r each extra adult attending. (票价为至少20英镑，适用于一名成人和一名儿童组合。你可以为此预订添加额外的成人或儿童票。请为每增加的一名儿童或每增加的一名成人预订一张10英镑的票。)”可知，一个由一对夫妇和两个孩子组成的家庭需要支付40（=20+10+10）英镑的票款。故选C项。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“If the V & A needs t cancel the event due t an emergency, r fr any reasn beynd cntrl, we will reschedule yur bking fr a later date. (如果维多利亚与阿尔伯特博物馆因紧急情况或任何不可控原因需要取消活动，我们将为你的预订重新安排到更晚的日期。)”可知，如果该博物馆因紧急情况取消活动，预订将被改到另一天。故选C项。
03（25-26高三上·河北邢台·期末）Fr me, being a teacher is nt nly abut intrducing students t mathematical facts and techniques, but is als abut helping students grw bth academically and persnally, explre their interests, and develp their talents. T d this, I have t g beynd the cnventinal definitin f a wman teacher as smene wh simply demnstrates academic cntent and evaluates students’ prgress.
Over my career as a teacher, I’ve learned t listen t suggestins and questins frm students in rder t imprve my wn teaching practice. I revised my lecture ntes based n a student’s suggestin frm years ag. It was during a visit t a schl that a Grade 3 student asked me what the wrld wuld lk like withut mathematics. Ever since, whenever I give a talk abut the imprtance f mathematics, this has been the questin I always ask the audience.
My class is just ne piece in the pssibly cmplex msaic (镶嵌图案) f my students’ lives. Other academic and nn-academic interests, family dynamics, health cnditins, ecnmic backgrunds, and scial status all play a crucial part as well. Recgnizing this, I always accept my students as individuals, each with their wn distinct learning styles,educatinal histries, and wrking habits. This acceptance drives me t actively discver their stries. By listening t them with empathy and patience, whether during pen-ffice hurs r even brief chats n public transprt, I learn hw t enhance my teaching methds and appraches t suit their generatin.
As educatrs, we have the privilege f cnnecting with yung peple and cntributing t the quality f their present and future lives. I aim t find a balance between respecting my students’ persnalities, entrusting them with the respnsibility t take n the necessary wrk themselves, and ding all I can t help them achieve their academic and persnal gals.
1．Why des the authr mentin the cnventinal definitin f a teacher in paragraph 1?
A．T stress its limitatins.
B．T demnstrate its accuracy.
C．T intrduce rdinary students.
D．T cnfirm traditinal teaching.
2．What did the authr d with the Grade 3 student’s questin?
A．Add it t the talk.
B．Reject it n the spt.
C．Exclude it frm the lecture ntes.
D．Offer sme suggestins regarding it.
3．What pushes the authr t discver her students’ stries?
A．The need t test her patience.
B．The respect fr unique individuality.
C．The desire t share them in public transprt.
D．The interest in explring plitical backgrunds.
4．What can we learn frm the authr’s experiences?
A．Still tngues tell great truths.
B．Gd teachers are students’ ears.
C．Actins speak luder than wrds.
D．Knwledge cmes frm questining.
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的教学理念与实践，作者突破教师的传统定义，倾听学生的问题与建议，尊重学生独特个性，力求平衡引导与助力，促进学生学业与个人成长。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“T d this, I have t g beynd the cnventinal definitin f a wman teacher as smene wh simply demnstrates academic cntent and evaluates students’ prgress.(要做到这一点，我必须超越女教师的传统定义，即其只是展示学术内容、评估学生进步的人。)”可知，作者提及教师通常被定义为传授知识和评估进度的人，这是为了强调其局限性。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“It was during a visit t a schl that a Grade 3 student asked me what the wrld wuld lk like withut mathematics. Ever since, whenever I give a talk abut the imprtance f mathematics, this has been the questin I always ask the audience. (在参观一所学校时，一名三年级学生问我，如果没有数学，世界会是什么样子。从那以后，每当我发表关于数学重要性的演讲时，我总是问观众这个问题)”可知，作者将该学生的问题加入了自己的演讲中。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Recgnizing this, I always accept my students as individuals, each with their wn distinct learning styles, educatinal histries, and wrking habits. This acceptance drives me t actively discver their stries. (认识到这一点，我总是接受我的学生作为个体，每个人都有自己独特的学习风格、教育历史和工作习惯。这种接受促使我积极地发现他们的故事)”可知，对学生独特个性的尊重推动作者去了解学生的故事。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，作者根据学生的建议修订讲义，倾听学生的建议和问题、将学生提出的问题融入讲座，共情且耐心地聆听学生的故事并以此改进教学，这些经历体现出优秀的教师懂得倾听学生，由此，我们可以学到的是“好老师是学生的耳朵”。故选B项。
04（25-26高三上·江苏无锡·期末）The basketball felt awkward in my hands as I watched my teenage ppnent effrtlessly dribble (运球) past me fr the twentieth time. He mved with natural grace, making my attempts seem cmical (可笑的). Hw did I, smene wh hadn’t played sprts since my middle schl, end up being schled by smene half my age?
It all began when I decided t find a new hbby. My riginal plan was t jin a sccer team, but my wife warned, “Yu may twist yur ankle. I’d rather nt spend ur weekends in hspital.” S I settled n basketball — a sprt I’d enjyed watching but never actually played.
My biggest fear starting ut wasn’t physical injury, but scial embarrassment. Fr the first few weeks, I stuck t basic athletic wear, hping t lk like smene wh did belng in the sprt. I als wrried abut being picked last r laughed at, just like in middle schl PE classes. Hwever, everyne at the cmmunity curt prved incredibly supprtive — even when I accidentally passed the ball t the wrng team. This experience drve hme a pint: my deepest anxiety wasn’t abut missing shts, but abut feeling unskilled arund mre experienced players.
After mnths, my perfrmance was still far frm perfect. I’d ccasinally travel with the ball, and three minutes f full-curt running culd still leave me breathless. Hwever, any frustratin (挫败) was vershadwed when my seven-year-ld sn jined the yuth basketball prgram. While he’s still learning the rules, he enjys practicing with his peers. What truly matters t him, and cnsequently t me, is the jy f us learning tgether in the same place.
Basketball hasn’t transfrmed me int a skilled player, but there is smething valuable: the imprtance f trying things beynd yur experience and natural abilities. Yu might surprise yurself with what yu can learn. Of curse, the first lessn shuld be that if yu have yur ankle injured, yu shuldn’t keep playing. But that whle “challenging yurself” lessn is definitely a clse secnd.
1．What caused the authr t chse basketball instead f sccer?
A．His urge t find a new hbby.
B．His lifelng passin fr basketball.
C．His wife’s cncern abut his safety.
D．His teenage ppnent’s recmmendatin.
2．What was the true surce f the authr’s anxiety?
A．The feeling f nt being gd enugh.
B．The fear f nt staying safe and sund.
C．The pressure frm his sn’s high expectatins.
D．The experience f missing shts in a PE class
3．What can be inferred frm paragraph 4?
A．The authr’s basketball skills imprved a lt.
B．The authr’s lack f talent brught him deep regret.
C．The authr’s gal was t cach his sn t be an utstanding player
D．The authr’s happiness came frm learning basketball with his sn.
4．What is the mst valuable lessn fr the authr?
A．The imprtance f challenging neself.
B．The value f building friendships.
C．The benefit f aviding injuries.
D．The significance f enhancing skills.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者为寻找新爱好开始接触篮球，克服内心的社交焦虑，虽球技未臻完美，却在与儿子共同学习中收获快乐，也领悟到挑战自我的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“My riginal plan was t jin a sccer team, but my wife warned, “Yu may twist yur ankle. I’d rather nt spend ur weekends in hspital.” S I settled n basketball — a sprt I’d enjyed watching but never actually played. (我最初的计划是加入一支足球队，但妻子警告我说：“你可能会扭到脚踝。我可不想把周末都花在医院里。”于是我选定了篮球——一项我喜欢看但从未实际打过的运动。)”可知，作者选择篮球而非足球是因为妻子担心他的安全。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This experience drve hme a pint: my deepest anxiety wasn’t abut missing shts, but abut feeling unskilled arund mre experienced players.(这段经历让我深刻地认识到一点：我最深的焦虑并非投不进球，而是在更有经验的球员身边觉得自己技艺生疏。)”可知，作者焦虑的真正根源是觉得自己的球技不够好。故选A项。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Hwever, any frustratin (挫败) was vershadwed when my seven-year-ld sn jined the yuth basketball prgram. While he’s still learning the rules, he enjys practicing with his peers. What truly matters t him, and cnsequently t me, is the jy f us learning tgether in the same place.(然而，当我七岁的儿子加入青少年篮球项目后，所有的挫败感都变得无关紧要了。虽然他还在学习规则，但他喜欢和同龄人一起练习。对他来说真正重要的，也因此对我来说重要的，是我们在同一个地方一起学习的快乐。)”可知，作者的快乐来自和儿子一起学习篮球。故选D项。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Basketball hasn’t transfrmed me int a skilled player, but there is smething valuable: the imprtance f trying things beynd yur experience and natural abilities.(篮球并没有把我变成一名技艺高超的球员，但我收获了珍贵的东西：去尝试那些超出自身经验和天赋能力的事情，这一点至关重要。)”以及“But that whle “challenging yurself” lessn is definitely a clse secnd.(但“挑战自我”这一课无疑是紧随其后的重要收获。)”可知，作者学到的最宝贵的道理是挑战自我的重要性。故选A项。
05（25-26高三上·山东日照·期末）As a farmer, the land was always at the heart f Andrew Green’s life. But a mmentus decisin saw him stp using his grund t grw crps, and start using it fr the benefit f nature and wildlife. It all started when Andrew dug ut a lake t begin the prcess f creating a 250-acre wetland reserve.
Nw Kingfishers Bridge Nature Reserve is celebrating its milestne 30th anniversary this year. Over three decades, its pineering wrk has seen huge numbers f creatures and plant species flurishing (蓬勃) as never befre. It is nw hme t mre than 420 plant species. 215different birds, 740 different mths and many mre species.
Andrew started farming the land with his brther and cncentrated n salad crps, sugar beet and sme daffdils. Hwever, the banks f the River Cam are n a majr bird migratin rute. That led him t expand the land he was farming int ne f the UK’s first rewilding prjects, befre “rewilding” was even really a term.
“I realized that t make a wetland reserve, it needed plenty f water,” Andrew says. “S, I made a lake, and what fllwed was animals and birds used it every day.” Key t the develpment was the arrival f James as manager in 2011. James gradually fund the right places n land and water, leading t a wnderful nature reserve which he had an extrardinary ability t manage.
They g frm a winter with the highest rainfall recrded in decades straight t ne f the driest summers n recrd. That makes it very difficult fr animals and habitats that require a nice stable water level and structure t cpe with such rapid changes. It means every effrt has t be made t manage water fr the benefit f the wildlife, and there are currently lng-term plans fr a big reservir.
Happily, despite all the difficulties, there’s smething t be seen year-rund at the nature reserve. Alng with beautiful birds and ther wildlife, Kingfishers Bridge is nw hme t herds f water buffal and Knik pnies which have becme huge attractins fr visitrs.
1．What decisin did Andrew make?
A．Creating a wetland park.
B．Reintrducing diverse crp varieties.
C．Giving up restring the farm.
D．Returning the farmland t a natural state.
2．Why are the figures mentined in paragraph 2?
A．T reveal the scale f the reserve.
B．T shwcase the success f the reserve.
C．T intrduce varius species f the reserve.
D．T celebrate 30th anniversary f the reserve.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly abut?
A．Water challenges in the reserve.
B．Effrts t manage water.
C．Rapid changes in water level.
D．Plans t build a big reservir.
4．What d we knw abut Andrew?
A．He finds the right places fr wildlife.
B．He has a great ability t purify water.
C．He creates a natural habitat fr wildlife.
D．He wrks as manager f Kingfishers Bridge.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了 Andrew Green放弃传统农耕，将250英亩土地改造为湿地保护区。经过30年发展，通过科学管理应对气候挑战，打造了成功的生态修复典范。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“But a mmentus decisin saw him stp using his grund t grw crps, and start using it fr the benefit f nature and wildlife. It all started when Andrew dug ut a lake t begin the prcess f creating a 250-acre wetland reserve.(但一次重大的决定让他停止在自己的土地上种植作物，转而将其用于保护自然和野生动物的需要。这一切始于安德鲁挖出一个湖泊，开始着手创建一个占地250英亩的湿地保护区)”可知，Andrew Green将农田恢复到自然状态以保护自然和野生动植物。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Over three decades, its pineering wrk has seen huge numbers f creatures and plant species flurishing (蓬勃) as never befre. It is nw hme t mre than 420 plant species. 215different birds, 740 different mths and many mre species.(在过去的三十多年里，其开创性的工作使得大量的生物和植物物种前所未有的蓬勃发展。这里如今是 420 多种植物、215 种不同鸟类、740 种不同蛾类以及更多物种的家园。)”可知，第二段中提到这些数字是为了说明Andrew创立的自然保护区的成功。故选B。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段“They g frm a winter with the highest rainfall recrded in decades straight t ne f the driest summers n recrd. That makes it very difficult fr animals and habitats that require a nice stable water level and structure t cpe with such rapid changes. It means every effrt has t be made t manage water fr the benefit f the wildlife, and there are currently lng-term plans fr a big reservir.(他们从一个降雨量创下数十年来最高纪录的冬季，直接过渡到了有记录以来最干旱的夏季。这使得那些需要稳定水位和结构的动物和栖息地很难适应这种急剧的变化。这意味着必须竭尽全力管理水资源，以造福野生动物，目前还制定了建设大型水库的长期计划)”可知，本段主要讲述保护区内的水资源问题。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Happily, despite all the difficulties, there’s smething t be seen year-rund at the nature reserve. Alng with beautiful birds and ther wildlife, Kingfishers Bridge is nw hme t herds f water buffal and Knik pnies which have becme huge attractins fr visitrs.(令人欣慰的是，尽管面临种种困难，这个自然保护区全年仍有不少可观赏的景致。除了美丽的鸟类和各种野生动物外，翠鸟桥自然保护区如今还成为了成群水牛和康尼克马的栖息地，这些动物已成为吸引游客的一大亮点)”可知，Andrew创建了自然保护区，成功的保护了野生动植物。故选C。
06（25-26高三上·浙江杭州·期末）When yu hear the wrd “uncertainty”, what emtins arise? Fear, anxiety, excitement, r determinatin? As humans, we experience cnflicting needs: part f us needs t feel safe, secure and t have sme rutine, and anther part f us needs variety and pprtunity. Life inevitably brings uncertainty and change — a reality that has been particularly evident in recent years.
Hw des ur brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that nradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central rle in ur respnse t uncertain events. As a neurmdulatr (神经调质), nradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming r stimulating signals, thereby regulating ur mental state.
T investigate the rle nradrenaline plays, scientists at MIT cnducted an experiment with mice. The animals were trained t push a lever upn hearing a high-frequency nise, receiving a drink f water as a reward. They als learned that activating the lever during a lw-frequency nise wuld result in an unpleasant puff f air. The researchers then intrduced uncertainty by including a sund f unclear frequency.
The researchers discvered that the lcus ceruleus (蓝斑) — a small brainstem area that mdulates nradrenaline — was essential in detecting uncertainty. When the utcme wasn’t clear, and the reward was a surprise, the release was much larger. Fr example, when a muse received a puff f air instead f the expected reward, the lcus ceruleus sent ut a large burst f nradrenaline. Over time, the mice became less likely t press the lever when rewards were uncertain.
The study cncluded that the brain learns t manage varying uncertainty levels, with the lcus ceruleus playing a fundamental rle. Cmplementary research at University Cllege Lndn identified tw additinal neurmdulatrs invlved: acetylchline (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt t envirnmental changes, while dpamine mtivates actin during uncertain situatins.
1．What is the primary functin f nradrenaline?
A．Enhancing brain sensitivity t stimuli.
B．Creating emtinal respnses t uncertain events.
C．Regulating brain signals thrugh chemical release.
D．Detecting varius frequency sunds frm different surces.
2．What can be inferred abut mice frm the experiment?
A．They preferred uncertain rewards t certain nes.
B．They avided risks after unexpected utcmes.
C．They culd distinguish all frequency differences.
D．They gradually learned t ignre the unclear sund.
3．Hw d neurmdulatrs wrk tgether?
A．They crdinate adaptatin and actin systems.
B．They cmpete t cntrl human emtinal states.
C．They functin independently in separate brain areas.
D．They mainly wrk during labratry experiments.
4．Which wuld be the best title fr the text?
A．Labratry Experiments with Animal Behavir
B．Chemical Respnses t Envirnmental Changes
C．Human Emtins in Challenging Situatins
D．Brain Mechanisms fr Handling Uncertainty
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍不确定性会引发复杂情绪，麻省理工等机构通过小鼠实验，揭示去甲肾上腺素等神经调质与脑区，共同调控大脑应对不确定性的机制。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“As a neurmdulatr (神经调质), nradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming r stimulating signals, thereby regulating ur mental state.(作为一种神经调质，去甲肾上腺素能够影响脑细胞接收的是镇静信号还是刺激信号，从而调节我们的精神状态)”可知，去甲肾上腺素的主要功能是通过化学释放来调节大脑信号。故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Over time, the mice became less likely t press the lever when rewards were uncertain.(随着时间的推移，当奖励情况不确定时，这些老鼠就越不愿意去按压杠杆了)”可知，老鼠在出现意外结果后会避免风险。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Cmplementary research at University Cllege Lndn identified tw additinal neurmdulatrs invlved: acetylchline (乙酰胆碱) helps us adapt t envirnmental changes, while dpamine mtivates actin during uncertain situatins.(伦敦大学学院的补充性研究发现了另外两种参与其中的神经调节物质：乙酰胆碱有助于我们适应环境变化，而多巴胺则能在不确定的情况下激发行动)”可知，神经调节剂通过协调适应和行动系统协同工作。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据第二段“Hw des ur brain detect uncertainty? Research reveals that nradrenaline (去甲肾上腺素) plays a central rle in ur respnse t uncertain events. As a neurmdulatr (神经调质), nradrenaline influences whether brain cells receive calming r stimulating signals, thereby regulating ur mental state.(我们的大脑是如何察觉不确定性的呢？研究表明，去甲肾上腺素在我们对不确定事件的反应中起着核心作用。作为一种神经调质，去甲肾上腺素能够影响脑细胞接收的是镇静信号还是刺激信号，从而调节我们的精神状态)”可知，文章介绍了不确定性会引发复杂情绪，麻省理工等机构通过小鼠实验，揭示去甲肾上腺素等神经调质与脑区，共同调控大脑应对不确定性的机制。由此可知，D选项“处理不确定性的大脑机制”最符合文章标题。故选D。
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