高考英语二轮-阅读理解之主旨大意题（专项训练）（天津专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-阅读理解之主旨大意题（专项训练）（天津专用）（教师版），共53页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练
考向1 标题归纳题
考向2 文章大意题
考向3 段落大意题
\l "_Tc5699" 02 真题溯源练
考向1 标题归纳题
Passage 1
（2025·天津·三模）“Keep yur eyes n the rad ahead,” my driving instructr said. “Yu g in the directin yu lk.”I remembered the remark several years later, when my mm and I reached a crssrads in ur writing careers. We’d been writing separately, nt making much prgress tward ur gal f getting published.
One day, Mm suggested we write a rmance nvel tgether. She thught it wuld be fun and less tiring if we tk turns, since there’d always be smething t build frm. The idea was appealing and we decided t give it a try. Wrking tgether made the prcess much easier and a lt mre fun. We bth lked frward t getting t the cmputer t see what twists(转折)and turns had taken place while we were gne. We bth als wanted t make sure the wrk we left during ur respective time was as interesting as we culd make it.
We finished the first bk and began sending it t publishers. Thugh we gt sme gd cmments, rejectins piled up(堆积)：Where’s the rmance? Srry, nt fr us. Frm experience, we knew the best way t keep frm brding ver disappintment: Start a secnd bk. Once finished, we bravely sent ff ur secnd effrt—and did n better. Then the third…After yet anther rejectin, Mm grew disheartened, wndering if we shuld give up.
Suddenly my driving instructr’s wrds came back t me. I said, “Maybe we ught t lk where we’re ging.” I cntinued, “It’s like driving. We’ve taken ur eyes ff the reasn we started writing tgether. We want t be published, sure, but the main reasn was t have fun ding what we bth enjy.”
“Yu’re right.” Mm let ut a lng breath. “I haven’t been having fun fr quite a while. Maybe we shuld write smething we truly lve. Yu knw, we nly started writing rmances because they’re ppular. There’s n real heart in ur stries. ”
The SkyHrse, ur yung adult nvel, was published last year.
1．Hw did the authr feel abut writing with her mther?
A．Wnderful.B．Nervus.C．Amused.D．Embarrassed.
2．What des the underlined part “brding ver” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Preparing fully fr.B．Learning quickly frm.
C．Wrrying deeply abut.D．Cmplaining penly abut.
3．What rle did the driving instructr’s wrds play in the authr and her mther’s writing career?
A．They gave them inspiratin f their next bk.
B．They stpped them frm writing a bk tgether.
C．They reminded them f their riginal intentin f writing.
D．They encuraged them nt t give up writing despite criticism.
4．What led t the authr and her mther successfully publishing The SkyHrse?
A．Writing fr yung adults.B．Chsing a ppular theme.
C．Imprving their editing prcess.D．Fcusing n their genuine interests.
5．What can be the best title fr the text?
A．A jurney t rmanceB．Benefits f ptential cwriting
C．Ging where yu lkD．Spreading jy thrugh writing
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和母亲在写作生涯中遇到的困境以及他们如何通过合作和调整方向来克服这些困难，最终成功出版小说的经历，传达了坚持初心、享受过程的重要性。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Wrking tgether made the prcess much easier and a lt mre fun. We bth lked frward t getting t the cmputer t see what twists(转折)and turns had taken place while we were gne.(合作让写作过程轻松了许多，也有趣得多。我们都盼着坐到电脑前，看看自己不在时故事发生了什么曲折变化。)”可知，作者认为与母亲合作写作的过程轻松且有趣，并期待继续创作。故选A。
2．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在语境“Frm experience, we knew the best way t keep frm brding ver disappintment: Start a secnd bk.(根据经验，我们知道避免因失望而……的最好办法是：开始写下一本书。)”可推测，面对拒绝时人们容易陷入过度担忧或沮丧。因此，“brding ver”意为“沉思、担忧”。选项C“Wrrying deeply abut(深深担忧)”与此相符。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Suddenly my driving instructr’s wrds came back t me. I said, “Maybe we ught t lk where we’re ging.” I cntinued, “It’s like driving. We’ve taken ur eyes ff the reasn we started writing tgether. We want t be published, sure, but the main reasn was t have fun ding what we bth enjy.”(突然，教练的话在我耳边响起。我说：“也许我们该看看自己要驶向哪里。”我接着说：“这就像开车。我们忘了一起写作的初衷。我们当然想出版，但主要原因是想在共同热爱的事情中找到乐趣。”)”可知，驾驶教练的话让作者和母亲意识到她们偏离了写作的初衷——享受共同创作的乐趣，而非单纯追求出版。这一反思促使她们调整方向，最终写出真正热爱的作品。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第五段““Yu’re right.” Mm let ut a lng breath. “I haven’t been having fun fr quite a while. Maybe we shuld write smething we truly lve. Yu knw, we nly started writing rmances because they’re ppular. There’s n real heart in ur stries. ”(“你说得对。”妈妈长舒一口气，“我已经很久没感受到乐趣了。也许我们该写真正热爱的东西。你知道吗，我们当初写爱情小说只是因为它们流行，但我们的故事里没有真正的灵魂。”)”以及最后一段“The SkyHrse, ur yung adult nvel, was published last year.(去年，我们的青少年小说《天马》出版了。)”可知，她们成功的关键在于放弃迎合流行的爱情小说题材，转而创作真正热爱的内容。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章内容可知，全文以驾驶教练的话“你看向哪里，就会驶向哪里”为核心隐喻，讲述作者和母亲在写作中因偏离初衷而受挫，最终通过回望初心（聚焦热爱）获得成功的故事。选项C“Ging where yu lk(看向哪里，驶向哪里)”直接引用教练的话，呼应全文“目标与方向”的主题，隐喻坚持初衷的重要性，最贴切。故选C。
Passage 2
（2025·天津·模拟预测）The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it. But that is abut t change.
Half a century after the Apll prgramme, a private spacecraft Nva-C made the first tuchdwn n the mn successfully, bearing scientific instruments, micrfiche (微缩胶片) stry disks, cameras, and sculptures t stay n the mn frever. Its success wuld prmise many mre. Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.
Fr the first time, private capital has reached the mn, expanding beynd scientific gals. This allws private landers, even when carrying gvernment science experiments, t include additinal nn-scientific paylads (有酬负载) fr ther custmers. Items bund t raise varius bjectins, such as human remains and dehydrated (脱水的) water bears frm past missins, have caused cncerns abut bilgical materials n the mn. There’re a lt mre planned fr future launches, likely sparking further debate.
Befre this decade is ut, with a pwerful enugh telescpe, yu may be able t see evidence f human cnstructin r even habitatin n the mn. In 2023, the glbal space industry was valued at $469 billin, expected t exceed $1 trillin by 2030, driven by grwing satellite use in manufacturing, pwer, and data. “We are nw at a tipping pint, where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects,” a reprt read.
A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.
Explring the mn has value fr science and ptential benefits fr Earth, but humans ften turn explratin int explitatin, and the mn may face the same fate. The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.
1．What is the authr’s cncern abut the mn’s future?
A．Unregulated cmmercial activities.B．Illegal human cnstructin.
C．Limited paylad carried t the mn.D．A lack f scientific missins.
2．The “tipping pint” in Paragraph 4 indicates the change ______.
A．frm cperatin t cmpetitinB．frm science t trade
C．frm lunar landing t settlementD．frm fantasy t adventure
3．What is the main reasn fr the rapid grwth f the glbal space industry accrding t the passage?
A．The increasing investment in science fictin-themed prjects.
B．The develpment f mre pwerful telescpes fr lunar bservatin.
C．The grwing use f satellites in multiple fields.
D．The successful implementatin f the vluntary lunar cperatin agreement.
4．What can we infer frm this passage?
A．Lunar resurce explratin hlds great prmise.
B．Massive investment is beneficial t lunar develpment.
C．Nn-scientific activities can test lunar envirnmental limits.
D．The existing agreement is insufficient in cntrlling ver-explitatin.
5．What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．The Prmising Mn: Playgrund fr AllB．The Mn’s Edge: Ambitin Meets Reality
C．The Mn’s Future: Uncver the UnknwnD．The Silent Mn: Humanity’s Respnsibility
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担忧月球面临过度开发，强调人类对月球负有责任。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Thugh it may seem like an exciting utlk fr humanity’s space explratin ambitins, it als signals a future where the mn becmes a htbed f ungverned business peratins that will irreversibly (不可逆地) transfrm it.(尽管这对人类太空探索的雄心壮志而言，似乎是个令人振奋的前景，但它也预示着未来月球将成为无管制商业活动的温床，而这将不可逆地改变月球)”可知，作者担心月球会成为无管制商业活动的温床，即作者对月球未来的担忧是无管制的商业活动。故选A。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后定语从句“where ideas previusly limited t science fictin represent attractive investment prjects (以前仅限于科幻小说的想法，现在变成了有吸引力的投资项目)”可知，以前仅限于科幻小说的想法，现在变成了有吸引力的投资项目，因此“tipping pint”指的是从科学理论到贸易实践的转变。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In 2023, the glbal space industry was valued at 469billin,expectedtexceed1 trillin by 2030, driven by grwing satellite use in manufacturing, pwer, and data.(2023年，全球太空产业估值达4690亿美元，预计到2030年将超过1万亿美元，这一增长是由卫星在制造、能源和数据领域的应用日益增多所推动的)”可知，全球太空产业快速增长的主要原因是卫星在多个领域的广泛应用。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据第五段“A vluntary agreement has been used since 2020 t fster lunar cperatin. It prmtes internatinal standards, emergency assistance and data sharing. Hwever, it als allws fr expliting lunar resurces like dust, water, rare earth elements and ther materials.(自2020年起，一份自愿协议已被用于促进月球合作。该协议倡导国际标准、应急援助和数据共享。然而，它也允许开采月球资源，如尘埃、水、稀土元素以及其他物质)”可知，现有的自愿协议虽然促进合作，但也允许开采月球资源。由此可推知，现有的协议在控制过度开发方面存在不足。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段“The mn stands alne. Unique in the universe, it is a lifeless and sunbaked wasteland that harburs little except what we bring t it.(月亮孤零零地待着。它是宇宙中独一无二的，是一片没有生命、被阳光晒得黝黑的荒地，除了我们带给它的东西外，几乎什么都没有)”以及最后一段的“The mn wn’t be alne fr lng. But it is and will frever be quiet. It plays hst t n thunderstrms, n crashing waves, n bird sngs and n anthems (国歌). We must be its vice. We will sn change its surface, and ur relatinship t it, frever. At the very least, we we the mn a cnsidered discussin f why and hw we will d s.(月亮不会孤单太久。但它现在是，也将永远是安静的。它没有雷雨，没有巨浪，没有鸟鸣，没有国歌。我们必须成为它的声音。我们很快就会永远改变它的表面，以及我们与它的关系。至少，我们欠月球一个深思熟虑的讨论，为什么以及如何这样做)”可知，文章主要介绍了随着私人资本进入月球，商业活动兴起，作者担心月球面临过度开发等问题，强调人类要对月球负责。D项“寂静的月球：人类的责任” 符合主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
Passage 3
（2025·天津宝坻·二模）AI in Agriculture
Artificial Intelligence Revlutinizing Farming
The integratin f artificial intelligence (AI) int agriculture is transfrming traditinal farming practices, ffering innvative slutins t challenges like climate change, labr shrtages, and fd security. Here are key applicatins f AI in mdern agriculture:
Precisin Farming
AI-pwered sensrs and drnes cllect real-time data n sil misture, nutrient levels, and crp health. Machine learning algrithms analyze this data t ptimize irrigatin, fertilizer use, and pest cntrl. Fr example, a farmer in Califrnia reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigatin systems.
Crp Disease Detectin
AI image recgnitin tls can identify plant diseases early by analyzing phts f leaves r fruits. A study by the University f Tky shwed that AI systems achieved 98% accuracy in detecting tmat blight, far surpassing human capabilities.
Autnmus Farming Equipment
Self-driving tractrs and harvesters equipped with AI navigate fields, plant seeds, and harvest crps with minimal human interventin. These machines use GPS and cmputer visin t avid bstacles and ensure precise peratins.
Yield Predictin
By prcessing histrical data, weather patterns, and satellite imagery, AI mdels predict crp yields mnths in advance. This helps gvernments and rganizatins plan fd distributin and prevent shrtages. In India, AI-based predictins helped farmers increase wheat prductin by 15% in 2024.
Livestck Mnitring
Wearable AI devices track animal health, detecting illnesses r stress thrugh changes in mvement, temperature, r vcalizatins. Dairy farms in the Netherlands reprted a 20% drp in cattle mrtality after adpting AI mnitring systems:
Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant f challenges AI adptin faces, such as high initial csts and the need fr digital infrastructure in rural areas. Hwever, as technlgy becmes mre accessible, AI is pised (保持) t play a vital rle in sustainable agriculture.
1．What is the main purpse f AI in precisin farming?
A．T replace human farmers entirelyB．T increase the price f agricultural prducts
C．T reduce water and fertilizer usage thrugh data analysisD．T eliminate the need fr sunlight
2．Hw d AI tls help in crp disease detectin?
A．By planting disease-resistant seeds autmaticallyB．By predicting future weather patterns
C．By creating new chemical pesticidesD．By analyzing images f plants t identify issues
3．The wrd “vigilant” in last Paragraph mst likely means, ________.
A．CarelessB．utdatedC．watchfulD．expensive
4．What can be inferred abut AI’s future in agriculture?
A．It will nly benefit large-scale farms.
B．Its widespread use depends n addressing cst and infrastructure issues.
C．It will make traditinal farming methds bslete within a year.
D．It has n significant impact n fd security.
5．Which title best summarizes the passage?
A．“The Histry f Traditinal Farming”B．“Animal Health in the Digital Age”
C．“Prblems with Mdern Technlgy”D．“Hw AI Is Shaping the Future f Agriculture”
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文为说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“AI-pwered sensrs and drnes cllect real-time data n sil misture, nutrient levels, and crp health. Machine learning algrithms analyze this data t ptimize irrigatin, fertilizer use, and pest cntrl. Fr example, a farmer in Califrnia reduced water usage by 30% using AI-guided irrigatin systems.(由人工智能驱动的传感器和无人机能够实时收集有关土壤湿度、营养成分水平以及作物健康状况的数据。机器学习算法会分析这些数据，以优化灌溉、肥料使用和病虫害防治。例如，加利福尼亚的一位农民通过使用人工智能引导的灌溉系统，成功减少了 30%的用水量)”可知，精准农业中AI的目的是通过数据分析减少资源消耗。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段“AI image recgnitin tls can identify plant diseases early by analyzing phts f leaves r fruits.(人工智能图像识别工具能够通过分析叶片或果实的照片来及早识别植物病害)”可知，AI通过图像分析帮助作物疾病检测。故选D。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“such as high initial csts and the need fr digital infrastructure in rural areas(比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求)”可知，高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求，是AI面临的挑战，我们需要警惕。故划线词意思是“警惕的”。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite its benefits, we must be vigilant f challenges AI adptin faces, such as high initial csts and the need fr digital infrastructure in rural areas. Hwever, as technlgy becmes mre accessible, AI is pised (保持) t play a vital rle in sustainable agriculture.(尽管人工智能有诸多优势，但我们仍需警惕其应用过程中所面临的挑战，比如高昂的初始成本以及农村地区对数字基础设施的需求。不过，随着技术变得更加普及，人工智能有望在可持续农业领域发挥重要作用)”可知，AI的广泛应用取决于解决成本和基础设施方面的问题。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章主要介绍了人工智能在农业中的多种应用及其带来的变革，包括精准农业、作物疾病检测、自主设备、产量预测和牲畜监测，同时也提及了面临的挑战。可知，D选项“AI如何塑造农业未来”最符合文章标题。故选D。
Passage 4
（2025·天津·二模）In tday’s clsely-cnnected wrld, silence is rare and undervalued. Frm mrning t night, we are flded with ntificatins, scial media, and distractins. But at what cst? Cnstant engagement cnsumes ur time and disturbs peace f mind. Hwever, silence is f great significance nwadays.
Silence is as essential t mental health as nutrients are t physical well-being. We carefully chse what we eat but rarely cnsider the mental input we absrb. Just as ur bdies need rest, ur minds need quiet t slw dwn, prcess infrmatin, and restre cgnitive (认知的) energy. Yet, the myth f multitasking makes this difficult. Studies shw it reduces efficiency and fcus by frcing the brain t switch between tasks, cnsuming mental resurces.
We have grwn s used t life’s cnstant stimulatin that stillness feels uncmfrtable. Hwever, absence f cnstant stimulatin allws the brain t ease stress, enhance cncentratin and spark creativity. Even a brief pause, like watching the cluds, can help reset the mind. As artist Lenard Kren nted, silence is “an emptiness full f pssibilities”.
Mdern life fills us with sensry verlad. Screens flash, ntificatins demand attentin, and artificial nise fills every space. Recgnizing this, many turn t nature fr relief. Fr example, the Japanese practice f shinrin-yku has been shwn t lwer stress, reduce bld pressure and imprve cgnitin. Natural settings, with their sft sunds and quiet atmsphere, prvide a much-needed cmfrt zne fr the mind.
Yet, true silence is increasingly difficult t apprach. Whether at wrk, hme r even n vacatin, we remain cnstantly cnnected. The habitual urge t reach fr ur phnes during spare time reveals ur discmfrt with stillness. But silence is nt an absence — it is a space fr reflectin and self-cnnectin. Small steps, like turning ff ntificatins fr an hur r walking withut a phne, help cultivate stillness. Over time, these mments becme essential fr mental and emtinal well-being.
In a wrld demanding cnstant cnnectivity, seeking silence is an act f self-preservatin. Next time yu feel the urge t check yur phne, pause. Sit in silence. Yur mind will thank yu.
1．In Paragraph 1, the authr presents ________.
A．an imaginary sceneB．the brief cnclusinC．a vivid exampleD．the main tpic
2．Accrding t the passage, hw des multitasking affect the brain?
A．It enhances cgnitive energy.B．It increases the brain’s capacity.
C．It lwers fcus and efficiency.D．It chses ur mental utput.
3．Hw des the authr view mdern life’s cnstant stimulatin?
A．As a surce f stress and distractin.B．As smething necessary in daily life.
C．As smething beneficial t mental health.D．As a way t cnnect with thers.
4．What might the Japanese practice f shinrin-yku be?
A．Film watching.B．Frest bathing.C．Vehicle nises.D．Amusement parks.
5．What might be the best title f the passage?
A．Multitasking: a Slutin t SilenceB．Emptiness: a Limit fr Pssibilities
C．Silence: Well-being t EmbraceD．Cnnectivity: Space fr Silence
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了在当今信息高度连接的社会中，沉默对心理健康的重要性，分析了现代社会缺乏沉默的原因及其负面影响，并倡导人们主动寻求沉默以提升身心福祉。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In tday’s clsely-cnnected wrld, silence is rare and undervalued. Frm mrning t night, we are flded with ntificatins, scial media, and distractins. But at what cst? Cnstant engagement cnsumes ur time and disturbs peace f mind. Hwever, silence is f great significance nwadays.(在如今紧密相连的世界里，沉默变得稀有且被低估。从早到晚，我们淹没在通知、社交媒体和干扰之中。但这需要付出什么代价呢？持续不断的参与消耗我们的时间，扰乱我们的内心平静。然而，如今沉默具有重要意义)”可知，作者描述了现代世界中我们如何被通知、社交媒体和各种干扰所淹没，并指出这种持续的参与消耗了我们的时间并扰乱了内心的平静。然而，作者随后提到“然而，沉默在当今社会具有重要意义。”这句话引出了文章的主要话题，即沉默的价值和重要性。因此，第一段中作者呈现的是文章的主要话题。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Studies shw it reduces efficiency and fcus by frcing the brain t switch between tasks, cnsuming mental resurces. (研究表明，多任务处理会迫使大脑在不同任务之间切换，消耗心智资源，从而降低效率和专注力)”可知，多任务处理会降低专注力和效率。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“We have grwn s used t life’s cnstant stimulatin that stillness feels uncmfrtable. (我们已经如此习惯生活中持续不断的刺激，以至于寂静反而让人感到不适)”及第四段中的“Mdern life fills us with sensry verlad. Screens flash, ntificatins demand attentin, and artificial nise fills every space.(现代生活让我们的感官不堪重负。屏幕闪烁，通知吸引注意力，人造噪音充斥每个空间)”以及后文提到的这些刺激如何影响我们的心理健康，由此推断，作者认为现代生活中的持续刺激是压力和分心的来源。故选A。
4．词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Fr example, the Japanese practice f shinrin-yku has been shwn t lwer stress, reduce bld pressure and imprve cgnitin. Natural settings, with their sft sunds and quiet atmsphere, prvide a much-needed cmfrt zne fr the mind.(例如，日本的shinrin-yku实践已被证明可以减轻压力、降低血压并改善认知能力。自然环境以其柔和的声音和安静的氛围，为心灵提供了急需的舒适空间)”可推知，shinrin-yku指的是一种亲近自然、缓解压力的活动，即森林浴。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In tday’s clsely-cnnected wrld, silence is rare and undervalued. Frm mrning t night, we are flded with ntificatins, scial media, and distractins. But at what cst? Cnstant engagement cnsumes ur time and disturbs peace f mind. Hwever, silence is f great significance nwadays.(在如今紧密相连的世界里，沉默变得稀有且被低估。从早到晚，我们淹没在通知、社交媒体和干扰之中。但这需要付出什么代价呢？持续不断的参与消耗我们的时间，扰乱我们的内心平静。然而，如今沉默具有重要意义)”及全文内容可知，全文围绕“沉默对心理健康的重要性”展开，强调在充满干扰的现代社会中应拥抱沉默。因此，最适合这篇文章的标题是“Silence: Well-being t Embrace(沉默：值得拥抱的幸福)”。故选C。
考向2 文章大意题
Passage 1
（24-25高三上·天津滨海新·期中）Remembering names is an imprtant scial skill. Here are sme ways t master it.
Recite and repeat in cnversatin.
When yu hear a persn’s name, repeat it. Immediately say it t yurself several times withut mving yur lips. Yu culd als repeat the name in a way that des nt sund frced r artificial.
Ask the ther persn t recite and repeat.
Yu can let ther peple help yu remember their names. After yu’ve been intrduced t smene, ask that persn t spell the name mad prnunce it crrectly fr yu. Mst peple will be pleased by the effrt yu’re making t learn their names.
Admit yu dn’t knw.
Admitting that yu can’t remember smene’s name can actually make peple relaxed. Mst f them will feel sympathy if yu say. “I’m wrking t remember names better. Yurs is right n the tip f my tngue. What is it again?”
Use assciatins.
Link each persn yn meet with ne thing yu find interesting r unusual. Fr example, yu culd make a mental nte: “Vicki Cheng--tall, black hair.” T reinfrce yur assciatins, write them n a small card as sn as pssible.
Limit the number f new names yu learn at ne time.
When meeting a grup f peple, cncentrate n remembering just tw r three names. Free yurself frm remembering every ne. Few f the peple in mass intrductins expect yu t remember their names. Anther way is t limit yurself t learning just first names. Last names can cme later.
G early.
Cnsider ging early t cnferences, parties and classes. Smetimes just a few peple shw up n time. That’s fewer names fr yu t remember. And as mre peple arrive, yu can hear them being intrduced t thers—an autmatic review fr yu.
1．When yu repeat peple’s names, yu shuld d it in a ______ way.
A．frcedB．artificialC．naturalD．familiar
2．Hw will mst peple feel when yu try hard t remember their names?
A．They will be mved.B．They will be annyed.
C．They will be delighted.D．They will be discuraged.
3．If yu can’t remember smene’s name, yu may ______
A．tell him the truthB．tell him a white lie
C．ask him fr pityD．ask thers t help yu
4．When yu meet a grup f peple, it is better t remember ______
A．all their namesB．a cuple f names first
C．just their last namesD．as many names as pssible
5．What des the text mainly tell us?
A．Tips n an imprtant scial skill.B．Imprtance f attending parties.
C．Hw t make use f assciatins.D．Hw t recite and repeat names.
【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文属于一篇应用文，主要介绍了的是几个记忆人名的方法和建议。
1．细节理解题。根据Recite and repeat in cnversatin.部中“Yu culd als repeat the name in a way that des nt sund frced r artificial.(你也可以用一种听起来不做作的方式重复这个名字)”可知，重复名字时应以自然的方式进行，故选C。
2．细节推理题。根据Ask the ther persn t recite and repeat.部分的“Mst peple will be pleased by the effrt yu’re making t learn their names.(如果你努力去记住他们的名字，大多数人会很高兴的)”可知，多数人对你努力记他们的名字很高兴，故选C。
3．细节理解题。根据Admit yu dn’t knw.部分“Admitting that yu can’t remember smene’s name can actually make peple relaxed. (承认你记不住某人的名字可能会让他/她感到很放松)”可知，承认你不知道是一个很好的方法，所以当记不住人名的时候就直接承认。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据Limit the number f new names yu learn at ne time.部分第一句“When meeting a grup f peple, cncentrate n remembering just tw r three names. (当你遇到了一群人，记住两三个名字就可以了)”可知，当我们遇见一群人的时候，我们不需要记得所有人的名字，只需要记得其中的几个就可以了。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Remembering names is an imprtant scial skill. Here are sme ways t master it. (记住名字是一个重要的社交技能。有几种方式你可以掌握)”结合下文介绍的几个方法可知，本文主要讲述的是几个记忆人名的方法和建议。故选A。
Passage 2
（2024·天津武清·模拟预测）T put it simply, stress can be the father f grwth, while a crisis can be the mther f innvatin. The ntin that great gd can emerge frm great adversity (逆境) is as ld as the legend f the great phenix (凤凰), wh nt nly arises but sars t new heights frm its wn ashes.
In 1598, William Shakespeare penned the play As Yu Like It. One f the mst famus lines frm that play is spken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senir, “Sweet are the uses f adversity which, like the tad (癞蛤蟆), ugly and venmus, wears yet a precius jewel in his head.” Even 500 years ag, the ptential value f adversity was recgnized, nt by a great healer, but by a great playwright. Can this really be the case?
Fast-frward t the great silent film star Mary Pickfrd. She was called the mst ppular actress in the wrld in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing t cntinue acting with the advent f the “talkies”(mvies with recrded sund), she c-funded the film cmpany United Artists. Shifting her talents t prducing and directing, she became the mst pwerful wman in the entertainment industry. She nce nted, “Yu may have a fresh start any mment yu chse, fr this thing that we call ‘failure’ is nt the falling dwn, but the staying dwn.”
Rather than fear and try t avid adversity, perhaps we shuld accept the inevitability (必然) f adversity and prepare fr it. Indeed, psitive things can emerge frm adversity.
Adversity reveals true pprtunities fr thse preparing t take advantage. Dr. Jhn Krumbltz’s happenstance thery states that career and life develpment is best fstered by preparing fr pprtunities that yu may nt knw even exist in the current mment. Numerus unpredictable factrs are ptentially shaping the future. These include the crises adversity brings.
In Friedrich Nietzsche’s bk, Behld the Man, the German philspher writes that a persn wh has “turned ut well” culd be recgnized by the ability t take advantage f and prsper frm adversity, just as he wrte befre, “What des nt kill him makes him strnger.”
S, the next time adversity enters yur life, will yu run frm it, r will yu embrace it and use it as a step ping stne t greater happiness and success?
1．Why des the authr qute the line frm Shakespeare’s play?
A．T emphasize the great wisdm f Shakespeare.
B．T highlight the beauty f Shakespeare’s language.
C．T challenge the cnventinal belief regarding adversity.
D．T shw the lng-standing recgnitin f adversity’s value.
2．What is cnveyed thrugh Mary Pickfrd’s stry?
A．Fame can blck ne’s achievements.
B．Strng determinatin vercmes adversity.
C．Accepting adversity results in psitive utcmes.
D．Curage in the face f challenges leads t success.
3．What is the idea behind Krumbltz’s happenstance thery?
A．Embracing uncertainty.B．Managing life’s challenges.
C．Seizing hidden pprtunities.D．Fcusing n persnal grwth.
4．What is the authr’s attitude twards adversity?
A．Cautius.B．Favrable.C．Neutral.D．Dubtful.
5．What des the passage mainly talk abut?
A．Finding value and pprtunity in facing adversity.
B．Stress as the primary cause f grwth and innvatin.
C．Hw t avid adversity and negative experiences in life.
D．Histrical figures wh failed t vercme adversity effectively.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．A
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。
1．推理判断题。由文章第二段“One f the mst famus lines frm that play is spken in Act 2 Scene 1 by Duke Senir, ‘Sweet are the uses f adversity which, like the tad(癞蛤蟆), ugly and venmus, wears yet a precius jewel in his head.’ Even 500 years ag, the ptential value f adversity was recgnized, nt by a great healer, but by a great playwright. (该剧最著名的台词之一是老公爵在第二幕第1场中说的，‘甜蜜是对逆境的利用，就像癞蛤蟆一样，又丑又毒，头上还戴着一颗珍贵的宝石。’即使在500年前，逆境的潜在价值也得到了认可，不是由一位伟大的治疗师，而是由一位了不起的剧作家写就。)”可知，作者引用莎士比亚戏剧中的一句话，以表明人们长期以来对逆境价值的认识。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Fast-frward t the great silent film star Mary Pickfrd. She was called the mst ppular actress in the wrld in the 1910s and 1920s. Failing t cntinue acting with the advent f the ‘talkies’(mvies with recrded sund), she c-funded the film cmpany United Artists. Shifting her talents t prducing and directing, she became the mst pwerful wman in the entertainment industry. (快进到伟大的无声电影明星Mary Pickfrd。她被称为1910年代和1920年代世界上最受欢迎的女演员。随着‘有声电影’（有录音的电影）的出现，她未能继续表演，她与人共同创立了电影公司联合艺术家。她将自己的才华转移到制作和导演上，成为娱乐圈最有权势的女性。)”可知，从Mary Pickfrd的故事中我们可知，接受逆境会带来积极的结果。故选C项。
3．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Adversity reveals true pprtunities fr thse preparing t take advantage. Dr. Jhn Krumbltz’s happenstance thery states that career and life develpment is best fstered by preparing fr pprtunities that yu may nt knw even exist in the current mment. Numerus unpredictable factrs are ptentially shaping the future. (逆境为那些准备利用的人揭示了真正的机会。Jhn Krumbltz博士的偶然性理论指出，职业和生活的发展最好通过为你可能不知道的机会做准备来促进。许多不可预测的因素正在潜在地塑造未来。)”可知，Jhn Krumbltz偶然性理论背后的理念是抓住隐藏的机会。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try t avid adversity, perhaps we shuld accept the inevitability (必然) f adversity and prepare fr it. Indeed, psitive things can emerge frm adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”可知，作者对经历逆境的态度是赞许的。故选B项。
5．主旨大意题。由文章第四段“Rather than fear and try t avid adversity, perhaps we shuld accept the inevitability (必然) f adversity and prepare fr it. Indeed, psitive things can emerge frm adversity.(与其害怕和试图避免逆境，也许我们应该接受逆境的必然性并做好准备。事实上，积极的事情可以从逆境中产生。)”和最后一段“S, the next time adversity enters yur life, will yu run frm it, r will yu embrace it and use it as a step ping stne t greater happiness and success?(那么，下次逆境进入你的生活时，你会逃离它，还是会拥抱它，把它当作通往更大幸福和成功的垫脚石？)”以及上下文可知，文章主要阐述要积极面对逆境，在逆境中寻找自我价值和机会。故选A项。
Passage 3
（2023·天津河北·一模）Brian Hamiltn used t ccupy himself with a six-figure jb, but his life changed in a prisn when he was accmpanying his friend, Reverend Rbert J. Harris, wh ften went t lcal prisns t d his wrk. During the visit, Hamiltn started talking t ne f the prisners and asked what he was ging t d when he gt ut. “He said he was ging t get a jb,” Hamiltn says. “I thught t myself, ww, that’s ging t be difficult.”
The cnversatin made Hamiltn cnsider hw prisners culd benefit frm perating their wn business, smething he thught abut fr years. Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial cnversatin, Hamiltn created Inmates t Entrepreneurs, a nnprfit rganizatin that helps peple with criminal backgrunds start their wn small businesses. “Harris and I taught ur first curse at a prisn called ‘Hw t Start Yur Own Business When Yu Get Out’,” he says.
At the time, Hamiltn was building his wn cmpany, Sagewrks. He was the chairman and c-funder f Sagewrks. As Sagewrks grew, s did Hamiltn’s time spent teaching at prisns thrughut Nrth Carlina.
Eventually, Hamiltn decided it was time t change his fcus t his true passin. In May 2018, he sld his stake (股份) in Sagewrks, fcusing his cmmitment n Inmates t Entrepreneurs.
“Nw, anyne is able t access the curse, either t becme a teacher t g int prisns t teach it r t access it fr themselves as a prisner r part f the general ppulatin,” Hamiltn explains. In additin, he visits middle schls and presents the curse t at-risk students t lead the s-called bad students t the right path.
The free curse is funded by the Brian Hamiltn Fundatin, which ffers help t sldiers as they adjust t civilian life and prvides lans t small businesses. “We’re giving prisners smething they can d independent f a system that isn’t wrking fr them. If yu can make peple knw that ther peple care abut them, it will make a difference.”
1．What des Paragraph 1 mainly talk abut?
A．Hamiltn lst his six-figure jb.
B．Harris ften visited lcal prisns t interview.
C．Hamiltn’s life changed after visiting a prisn.
D．Harris was ptimistic abut prisners’ jb prspects.
2．What des the passage say abut Inmates t Entrepreneurs?
A．It is ften shrt f prisn teachers.B．It prvides lans t at-risk students.
C．It’s independent f the scial system.D．Its curse has been largely bradened.
3．What can we knw abut Hamiltn?
A．He ften went t prisns befre 2008.
B．He tried t prevent pssible crimes in advance.
C．He wrte a bk titled “Hw t Start Yur Own Business”.
D．He gave away his cmpany t thse wh were released frm prisn.
4．What des Hamiltn value?
A．Offering care t thers.B．Giving trust t strangers.
C．Shwing respect fr teachers.D．Prviding educatin fr children.
5．What des the authr mainly want t tell us in the passage?
A．A man made a fruitless visit t the prisn.
B．A man sld his business t teach prisners.
C．A man realized his dream f being a teacher.
D．A man successfully created tw rganisatins.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，布莱恩·汉密尔顿的一次监狱之行让他萌生了帮助囚犯出狱后如何适应生活的想法，因此他创建了非营利组织“Inmates t Entrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业。
1．主旨大意题。由第一段中的“Brian Hamiltn used t ccupy himself with a six-figure jb, but his life changed in a prisn when he was accmpanying his friend, Reverend Rbert J. Harris, wh ften went t lcal prisns t d his wrk. (布莱恩·汉密尔顿曾经忙于一份六位数的工作，但当他陪伴他的朋友罗伯特·J·哈里斯牧师时，他的生活在监狱里发生了变化，哈里斯牧师经常去当地监狱工作)”可知，第一段主要讲汉密尔顿参观监狱后，他的生活发生了变化。故选C项。
2．推理判断题。由倒数第二段““Nw, anyne is able t access the curse, either t becme a teacher t g int prisns t teach it r t access it fr themselves as a prisner r part f the general ppulatin,” Hamiltn explains. In additin, he visits middle schls and presents the curse t at-risk students t lead the s-called bad students t the right path. (汉密尔顿解释道：“现在，任何人都可以学习这门课程，要么成为一名教师，进入监狱教授，要么作为囚犯或普通人群的一部分自己学习。”此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，通过课程的使用人群的范围可推断出，“Inmates t Entrepreneurs”组织的课程已经得到了很大地扩展。故选D项。
3．推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“In additin, he visits middle schls and presents the curse t at-risk students t lead the s-called bad students t the right path. (此外，他还参观了中学，并向有风险的学生介绍课程，以引导所谓的坏学生走上正确的道路)”可知，汉密尔顿试图提前预防可能发生的犯罪。故选B项。
4．推理判断题。由第二段中的“Finally in 2008, 16 years after that initial cnversatin, Hamiltn created Inmates t Entrepreneurs, a nnprfit rganizatin that helps peple with criminal backgrunds start their wn small businesses. (最后，在2008年，也就是最初的对话16年后，汉密尔顿创建了“Inmates t Entrepreneurs”，这是一个非营利组织，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业)”和最后一段Hamiltn所说的话的“If yu can make peple knw that ther peple care abut them, it will make a difference. (如果你能让人们知道其他人关心他们，那就会有所不同)”可知，Hamiltn创建了非营利组织“Inmates t Entrepreneurs”，帮助有犯罪背景的人创办自己的小企业，认为人们要去关怀囚犯，可得出汉密尔顿看重为他人提供关怀。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文叙述了Brian Hamiltn成功创业的故事，Hamiltn创建了“Inmates t Entreprcneurs”这个组织，这是个帮助有犯罪背景的人创业的非营利组织。与此同时Hamiltn还建立自己的公司Sagewrks。2018年他卖掉了Sagewrks的股份，一心投到“Inmates t Entrepreneurs”中来，去教犯人如何去创业。所以短文主要在讲述一个男人卖了他的企业去教囚犯如何创业，B项“一个男人卖掉了自己的生意来教囚犯”符合文意。故选B项。
Passage 4
（22-23高三下·天津武清·开学考试）Frm talking rbts and vide phnes t rvers (探测器) n Mars, technlgy has becme s advanced that the previusly impssible seems t ccur n a daily basis. And yet—we still have n cure fr the cmmn cld.
Why can’t we stp the cmmn cld? Accrding t Peter Barlw, a scientist at Edinburgh Napier University in the UK, the main challenge lies in the many different types f cld viruses that are prduced by the rhinviruses (鼻病毒), Scientific American reprted. There are at least 160 types. They mutate s easily that they quickly becme resistant t drugs, r learn t hide frm ur immune systems. In ther wrds, a single cure isn’t likely t wrk n every type f cld.
Hwever, researchers frm Stanfrd University and the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, have fund a pssible answer. They discvered a prtein that the viruses need. Withut it, they can’t spread inside yur bdy.
T identify the gene which prduces the specific prtein needed by the viruses, researchers used a gene-editing technique t test all genes in the human genme (基因组) ne by ne fr thusands f cell.
These mdified cells were then expsed t a range f enterviruses (肠道病毒), including the rhinviruses which cause the cmmn cld. All the viruses were unable t replicate inside cells withut a gene that prduces a specific prtein, called methyltransferase (甲基转移酶) SETD3. Then, they tested genetically mdified mice, which were cmpletely unable t prduce the prtein. The mice were able t live healthy, nrmal lives withut the prtein. “Lacking that gene prtected the mice cmpletely frm viral infectin,” assciate prfessr Jan Carette, frm Stanfrd, tld the BBC．” These mice wuld always die, but they survived and we saw a very strng reductin in viral replicatin and very strng prtectin. “Carette said the plan is t find a drug which can temprarily suppress the prtein, instead f prducing genetically mdified humans.
“We have identified a fantastic target that all enterviruses and rhinviruses require and depend n. Take that away and the virus really has n chance,” said Carette. “This is a really gd first step—the secnd step is t have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletin,” he added.
1．What des the underlined wrd ”mutate” mean in English?
A．T change a new frm.
B．T identify a new gene.
C．T check a mdified cell.
D．T cure a viral infectin.
2．What is the article mainly abut?
A．Why it is s hard t cure the cmmn cld.
B．The pssible link between rhinviruses and the cmmn cld.
C．A pssible way t stp viral infectins that cause the cmmn cld.
D．The functins f a prtein needed by viruses.
3．What can we learn abut the prtein needed by the viruses?
A．It helps the viruses replicate inside ur bdies.
B．It allws the viruses t change easily.
C．It helps the viruses becme resistant t drugs.
D．It increases the spread f the viruses.
4．What did the researchers discver in their gene-editing study?
A．Genetically mdified mice died because they lacked the prtein.
B．The mdified cells seemed t prtect the mice against viral infectins.
C．Mre methyltransferase SETD3 was prduced after the cells were mdified.
D．The gene-editing technique was mre effective against enterviruses than rhinviruses.
5．What d the researchers plan t d next, accrding t Carette?
A．Cnduct experiments n genetically mdified humans.
B．Identify a drug that can help reduce the prtein.
C．Apply this gene-editing technique t cntrl ther viruses.
D．Find a chemical that can cure all enterviruses and rhinviruses.
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了斯坦福大学和旧金山加州大学的研究人员找到了一种可能阻止引起人们感染感冒病毒的方法——抑制一种叫做甲基转移酶SETD3的蛋白质，因为这种蛋白质能够帮助感冒病毒在我们体内复制。
1．词句猜测题。根据画线词后的“they quickly becme resistant t drugs, r learn t hide frm ur immune systems(它们很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲避我们的免疫系统)”可知，它们很快就会对药物产生抗药性，或者学会躲过我们的免疫系统，这说明这些病毒很容易变异，由此可知画线词词义为“变异（变成一种新类型的病毒）”，即T change a new frm，故选A。
2．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第三段“Hwever, researchers frm Stanfrd University and the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, have fund a pssible answer. They discvered a prtein that the viruses need. Withut it, they can’t spread inside yur bdy.(然而，斯坦福大学和加州大学旧金山分校的研究人员已经找到了一个可能的答案。他们发现了病毒需要的一种蛋白质。没有它，它们就无法在你体内扩散。)”和最后一段的““We have identified a fantastic target that all enterviruses and rhinviruses require and depend n. Take that away and the virus really has n chance,” said Carette. “This is a really gd first step—the secnd step is t have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletin,” he added.(“我们已经确定了所有肠道病毒和鼻病毒都需要和依赖的一个极好的靶点。如果不这样做，病毒就没有机会了。”“这是非常好的第一步——第二步是找到一种模拟这种基因缺失的化学物质，”他补充说。)”可知，本文主要介绍的是科学家找到了一种可能阻止引起人们感染感冒病毒的方法，故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Hwever, researchers frm Stanfrd University and the University f Califrnia, San Francisc, have fund a pssible answer. They discvered a prtein that the viruses need. Withut it, they can’t spread inside yur bdy.(然而，斯坦福大学和旧金山加利福尼亚大学的研究人员已经找到了一个可能的答案。他们发现了病毒所需的蛋白质。没有它，它们就不能在你体内传播。)”和第五段中的“All the viruses were unable t replicate inside cells withut a gene that prduces a specific prtein, called methyltransferase (甲基转移酶) SETD3.(所有的病毒都无法在细胞内复制，如果没有一种产生特定蛋白质的基因，这种蛋白质被称为甲基转移酶SETD3。)”可知，病毒所需的蛋白质能够帮助病毒在我们体内复制，故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据第五段““Lacking that gene prtected the mice cmpletely frm viral infectin,” assciate prfessr Jan Carette, frm Stanfrd, tld the BBC.”(斯坦福大学的副教授Jan Carette告诉BBC：“缺乏这种基因可以保护老鼠完全不受病毒感染。”)”可知，基因改变的细胞能够能保护小鼠免受病毒感染，故选B。
5．推理判断题。 根据最后一段““This is a really gd first step—the secnd step is t have a chemical that mimics this genetic deletin,” he added.(“这是非常好的第一步——第二步是找到一种模拟这种基因缺失的化学物质，”他补充说。)”可知，Carette认为研究人员下一步打算找出一种能帮助减少这种蛋白质的药物，故选B。
考向3 段落大意题
Passage 1
（2025·天津·模拟预测）If yu’re new t a schl r yu have a tendency t be shy r tend t nt get ut f yur cmfrt zne, making new friends at schl might seem like a challenge. Luckily, yu can vercme that challenge by lking fr peple with the same interests as yu and by being friendly when yu meet new peple.
Step 1 Lk fr peple wh have the same hbbies as yu.
Yu’re mre likely t be friends with smene if yu have smething in cmmn with them. Try t find clubs r grups based n yur favrite hbbies, then jin them t meet like-minded peple. Als, pay attentin t peple wh spend their free time ding the same things yu lve t d. If yu lve t draw, fr instance, yu culd register fr an art class, attend art shws, r lk fr peple wh are ddling(涂鸦) during math class.
Step 2 Spend time arund peple wh shw kindness.
Finding smene wh will treat yu well and supprt yu is mre imprtant than ppularity. Avid spending time with peple wh talk bad abut thers r put them dwn. Instead, lk fr peple wh invite thers t sit with them at lunch, wh encurage thers when they speak up in class, r wh are always willing t help when smene needs a hand. When yu’re arund smene, yu shuld feel cmfrtable acting like yurself arund them. A friend shuld never make yu feel bad fr being wh yu are.
Step 3 Make new friends thrugh yur current friends.
If yu already have a few friends but yu’ re lking t meet mre peple, try getting t knw the ther peple yur friends knw. If yu dn’t have a chance t hang ut during the schl day, try setting up a grup event after schl r n the weekends. This can be as infrmal as walking hme tgether, r it can be a planned activity everyne can participate in.
Step 4 Intrduce yurself t new peple whenever pssible.
When yu’ re arund smene yu dn’t knw, it can be tempting (不自禁) t just sit there quietly, especially if yu’ re shy. Hwever, yu and the ther persn will bth be mre cmfrtable after a simple intrductin. Make eye cntact with the persn, smile, and try t seem warm and relaxed instead f nervus r anxius. Then, break the ice by talking abut whatever is ging n arund yu.
1．Which f the fllwing pses a challenge fr making friends at schl?
A．The willingness t find peple with similar interests.
B．Always daring t step ut f yur cmfrt zne.
C．Only being friendly t peple yu knw well.
D．A relatively shy persnality.
2．T meet like-minded peple, yu shuld __________.
A．paint in yur spare timeB．ddle in math class
C．start a grup based n yur favrite hbbyD．jin a club that interests yu
3．What d we learn abut frm Paragraph 3?
A．We shuld be with peple wh put thers dwn.
B．Stay away frm peple wh invite peple t lunch.
C．A true friend desn’t make yu feel bad.
D．Speaking shuld be encuraged in class.
4．What idea des the authr cnvey in Paragraph 4?
A．We shuld ften rganize grup activities.
B．We can make new friends thrugh existing nes.
C．We shuld hang ut smetime.
D．We can try walking hme with ur classmates tgether every day.
5．T break the awkwardness f being with a stranger yu shuld ________.
A．start by intrducing yurself
B．avid making eye cntact with the persn
C．keep sitting quietly
D．start by talking abut what’s ging n arund yu
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何在学校结交新朋友的步骤和建议，旨在帮助那些刚入学、害羞或不愿走出舒适区的人克服交友的挑战。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If yu’re new t a schl r yu have a tendency t be shy r tend t nt get ut f yur cmfrt zne, making new friends at schl might seem like a challenge.(如果你刚到一所新学校，或者你生性腼腆，又或者你倾向于待在自己的舒适区里，那么在学校结交新朋友可能会是一项挑战。)”可知，生性腼腆是在学校交友面临挑战的一个因素。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Try t find clubs r grups based n yur favrite hbbies, then jin them t meet like-minded peple.(试着根据自己最喜欢的爱好去寻找社团或小组，然后加入其中，结识志同道合的人。)”可知，可以根据自己最喜欢的爱好去寻找社团或小组，然后加入其中，结识志同道合的人。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“A friend shuld never make yu feel bad fr being wh yu are.(朋友永远不会因为你是你自己而让你感觉不好)”可知，真正的朋友不会让你感觉糟糕。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“If yu already have a few friends but yu’ re lking t meet mre peple, try getting t knw the ther peple yur friends knw. If yu dn’t have a chance t hang ut during the schl day, try setting up a grup event after schl r n the weekends. This can be as infrmal as walking hme tgether, r it can be a planned activity everyne can participate in.(如果你已经有了几个朋友，但还想认识更多的人，那就试着去了解你朋友们认识的其他人。如果在上学期间你们没有机会一起出去玩，可以试着在放学后或周末组织一次集体活动。活动可以很随意，比如一起步行回家，也可以是一次大家都能参与的有计划的活动)”可知，第四段提出如果你已经有了几个朋友，但还想认识更多的人，那就试着去了解你朋友们认识的其他人。接着又提到可以组织集体活动来促进与新朋友的交往。由此可知，整个第四段都在围绕通过现有的朋友去认识更多的人展开，也就是可以通过现有朋友结交新朋友。故选B。
5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“When yu’ re arund smene yu dn’t knw, it can be tempting (不自禁) t just sit there quietly, especially if yu’ re shy. Hwever, yu and the ther persn will bth be mre cmfrtable after a simple intrductin. Make eye cntact with the persn, smile, and try t seem warm and relaxed instead f nervus r anxius. Then, break the ice by talking abut whatever is ging n arund yu.(当你和一个不认识的人在一起时，你可能会情不自禁地静静地坐在那里，尤其是如果你很害羞的话。然而，简单地做个自我介绍之后，你和对方都会感觉更自在。与对方进行眼神交流，微笑，尽量表现得热情放松，而不是紧张焦虑。然后，通过谈论周围正在发生的事情来打破僵局)”可知，文章建议通过谈论周围环境来打破僵局。由此可知，要打破和陌生人在一起的尴尬，你应该从谈论你周围发生的事情开始。故选D。
Passage 2
（2025·天津河北·一模）Prgress is smething that everyne lks frward t, whether in persnal life r in sciety. It represents ur ability t change and imprve the way we live. Prgress is ften linked t better ways f ding things. Hwever, this idea f prgress hlds true nly if we embrace technlgy and cntinuusly seek mre efficient ways f ding things.
Yet, fr many peple, especially thse wh lng fr the “gd ld days”, prgress inevitably cmes with sacrifices. With the rise f new technlgy, efficiency has greatly imprved. Cmmunicatin, fr example, has becme much mre efficient. Tday, peple can cnnect with each ther instantly, n matter where they are in the wrld. With just a click f a buttn, we can talk r even see each ther withut leaving ur hmes. Persnal visits, where we spend time tgether in real life, have becme less cmmn. With mbile phnes and tablets, peple ften n lnger make the effrt t visit friends and family in persn, even thugh face-t-face interactins hld unique value in building clser relatinships.
Anther area where prgress brings bth benefits and challenges is in mass prductin. Factries tday are much mre efficient, thanks t machines and autmatin. This has allwed gds t be prduced in large quantities with greater accuracy than human hands culd ever achieve. Hwever, the dwnside is that this efficiency ften cmes at the cst f the “persnal tuch”. Many items that were nce handcrafted are nw prduced in factries. While mass prductin allws supply t meet demand quickly, it ften leads t a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, fr example, are unique and full f character, but mass-prduced versins lack individuality and the same level f craftsmanship.
Despite these challenges, it is imprtant nt t view prgress frm a ne-sided perspective. In fact, prgress has als allwed traditin t survive. Mdern technlgy can help preserve ld prducts and techniques, ensuring that traditinal crafts are nt lst. Thrugh new technlgy, many ld prducts can be revived and brught back t their riginal state.
Ultimately, it is peple’s attitude twards prgress that determines the influence technlgy has n sciety. Technlgy itself is flexible — it can be used in varius ways depending n hw we chse t apply it. The greatest challenges f prgress cme frm thse wh are unwilling t adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use prgress in a way that fits ur needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past.
1．Accrding t Paragraph 1, what is necessary fr prgress t ccur?
A．Rejecting new ideas.B．Hlding n t traditinal ways.
C．Pursuing cmfrt ver innvatin.D．Accepting technlgy and advances steadily.
2．The examples in Paragraph 2 illustrate____________.
A．efficiency imprvements ften cme with a price
B．technlgy presents few significant drawbacks
C．the “gd ld days” ffered greater efficiency
D．face-t-face interactins are unnecessary
3．What des the authr say abut mass prductin?
A．It has lacked great accuracy.B．It has increased prduct csts.
C．It has reduced individuality in prducts.D．It has entirely replaced handcrafted items.
4．What is the authr’s view n the relatinship between prgress and traditin?
A．Prgress ften destrys traditin.B．Prgress can help prtect traditin.
C．Prgress weakens traditinal values.D．Prgress and traditin cannt exist tgether.
5．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．Technlgy must be applied in a fixed manner.
B．Prgress shuld be adapted t meet scietal needs.
C．Peple tend t lk back n the past with deep regret.
D．The impact f technlgy depends n peple’s attitude.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了作者认为进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起，进步有好的方面也有缺点。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Prgress is ften linked t better ways f ding things. Hwever, this idea f prgress hlds true nly if we embrace technlgy and cntinuusly seek mre efficient ways f ding things.(进步往往与更好的做事方式联系在一起。然而，只有当我们拥抱技术并不断寻求更有效的做事方式时，这种进步的想法才成立)”可知，接受技术以及稳步进步是进步发生的必要条件。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Yet, fr many peple, especially thse wh lng fr the “gd ld days”, prgress inevitably cmes with sacrifices. With the rise f new technlgy, efficiency has greatly imprved. Cmmunicatin, fr example, has becme much mre efficient. Tday, peple can cnnect with each ther instantly, n matter where they are in the wrld. With just a click f a buttn, we can talk r even see each ther withut leaving ur hmes. Persnal visits, where we spend time tgether in real life, have becme less cmmn. With mbile phnes and tablets, peple ften n lnger make the effrt t visit friends and family in persn, even thugh face-t-face interactins hld unique value in building clser relatinships.(然而，对许多人来说，尤其是那些渴望“过去的好时光”的人，进步不可避免地伴随着牺牲。随着新技术的兴起，效率大大提高了。例如，通信变得更加高效。今天，人们可以立即相互联系，无论他们在世界的哪个地方。只需点击一个按钮，我们就可以交谈，甚至不用离开家就能看到对方。我们在现实生活中共度时光的私人拜访已经变得不那么常见了。有了手机和平板电脑，人们通常不再亲自去拜访朋友和家人，尽管面对面的互动在建立更亲密的关系方面具有独特的价值)”可知，第二段中的例子说明了效率的提高往往是有代价的。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“While mass prductin allws supply t meet demand quickly, it ften leads t a decrease in quality. Handcrafted items, fr example, are unique and full f character, but mass-prduced versins lack individuality and the same level f craftsmanship.(虽然大规模生产使供应能够迅速满足需求，但它往往导致质量下降。例如，手工制作的物品是独特的，充满个性，但批量生产的版本缺乏个性和相同的工艺水平)”可知，作者认为，大规模生产降低了产品的个性。故选C。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In fact, prgress has als allwed traditin t survive. Mdern technlgy can help preserve ld prducts and techniques, ensuring that traditinal crafts are nt lst. Thrugh new technlgy, many ld prducts can be revived and brught back t their riginal state.(事实上，进步也让传统得以延续。现代技术可以帮助保存旧产品和技术，确保传统工艺不会丢失。通过新技术，许多老产品可以起死回生，恢复到原来的状态)”可知，作者认为进步有助于保护传统。故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, it is peple’s attitude twards prgress that determines the influence technlgy has n sciety. Technlgy itself is flexible — it can be used in varius ways depending n hw we chse t apply it. The greatest challenges f prgress cme frm thse wh are unwilling t adapt their mindset and embrace new ideas. When we use prgress in a way that fits ur needs, we can create a new future while still respecting the past.(最终，是人们对进步的态度决定了技术对社会的影响。技术本身是灵活的——它可以以各种方式使用，这取决于我们如何选择应用它。进步的最大挑战来自于那些不愿意调整自己的心态和接受新想法的人。当我们以符合我们需要的方式利用进步时，我们可以在尊重过去的同时创造新的未来)”可知，最后一段的主旨是技术的影响取决于人们的态度。故选D。
Passage 3
（2024·天津和平·一模）The wrld is full f advice n hw t get a gd night’s sleep, but smetimes ding s just isn’t pssible. If yu are struggling with a sleep disrder, are a shift wrker r have a baby wh. wakes every few hurs, being tld hw t sleep well can be annying. Fr thers, despite feeling exhausted all day, a furth episde f yur favrite TV series can seem mre appealing than ging t bed.
Hw d yu knw if yu are sleep-deprived? Fr sme peple, the answer will be bvius; fr thers, it may be less s. Russell Fster, a prfessr at the University f Oxfrd, specifies three signs that yu are prbably nt getting enugh sleep: “Feeling that yu dn’t perfrm at yur peak during the day; versleeping n free days; r craving (渴望得到) a nap during the day.”
“Lack f gd sleep can cause an imbalance in yur appetite hrmnes,” says Martin Meadws, a registered dietitian: “The hrmne ghrelin, which causes yu t feel hungry, increases and the hrmne leptin, which signals that yu are full; decreases.”
As Meadws says: “It’s a perfect strm where we want t eat mre and we dn’t knw when t stp, cmbined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived ur willpwer is lwer, arid it all becmes pretty tricky. Pr sleep, r sleep deprivatin (匮乏), leads t an increased likelihd f pr lifestyle chices. Many f us get stuck in the habit f eating junk fd, and the knck-n effect is that the junk fd disturbs ur sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s mre stimulating.”
“Shrt term, yu can get away with the negative influence f sleep deprivatin f yu,” says Fster. “It’s in the lng term that things start t fall apart.” He catalgues the ill effects: “Yur cgnitive perfrmance. drps with accumulated sleep deprivatin—yur cmmunicatin skills, yur decisin-making skills, yur memry.” There is als an increased risk f cardivascular (心血管的) disease, depressin and psychsis.
Frtunately, accrding t Meadws, mst f us culd d with an extra hur t an hur and a half f sleep each night t cpe with sleep deprivatin. And if yu had a bad night’s sleep, Meadws recmmends “making a cnscius effrt t chse fds such as whlegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help yu feel full while limiting yur verall energy intake.”
1．The examples given in the first paragraph are intended t ______.
A．list reasns why peple hate advice n gd sleepB．highlight the harm caused by sleep deprivatin
C．present the factual phenmenn f lack f sleepD．frm a cntrast with the fllwing paragraphs
2．Hw des lack f gd sleep affect appetite accrding t Martin Meadws?
A．It disturbs the feeling f being hungry r full.B．It ruins yur appetite instead f feeling hungry.
C．It causes imbalance in eating and sleepingD．It has n impact n appetite hrmnes.
3．Which f the fllwing message is cnveyed by Meadws in paragraph.4?
A．When it’s strmy utside, we crave fr junk fd and a gd night sleep.
B．When we feel under the weather, we shuld eat less and sleep mre.
C．We shuld cmbine healthy eating with regular sleep tgether.
D．Bad eating and sleep deprivatin cntributes t each ther.
4．Which f the fllwing may, NOT be a cnsequence f sleep deprivatin?
A．Irregular heartbeat.B．Failing memry.
C．Pr decisin-making.D．Bad chices f lifestyle.
5．Peple lacking sleep are encuraged t ______.
A．sleep fr as lng as they want during the dayB．watch ne episde f their favrite TV series
C．prevent yurself frm energy intake each nightD．cnsume fd rich in fiber and water
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕“睡眠不足”这一主题展开，详细介绍了睡眠不足的症状、原因、影响以及如何改善睡眠等方面的知识。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The wrld is full f advice n hw t get a gd night’s sleep, but smetimes ding s just isn’t pssible. If yu are struggling with a sleep disrder, are a shift wrker r have a baby wh. wakes every few hurs, being tld hw t sleep well can be annying. Fr thers, despite feeling exhausted all day, a furth episde f yur favrite TV series can seem mre appealing than ging t bed.(世界上有很多关于如何睡个好觉的建议，但有时这样做是不可能的。如果你正在与睡眠障碍作斗争，是一个轮班工人或有一个孩子。每隔几个小时醒来，被告知如何睡得好是很烦人的。对另一些人来说，尽管感觉一整天都很累，但看第四集你最喜欢的电视剧似乎比睡觉更有吸引力。)”以及第二段“Hw d yu knw if yu are sleep-deprived?(你怎么知道自己是否睡眠不足呢？)”可知，文章第一段给出例子是为了呈现当代人缺乏睡眠这一现象。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段““Lack f gd sleep can cause an imbalance in yur appetite hrmnes,” says Martin Meadws, a registered dietitian: “The hrmne ghrelin, which causes yu t feel hungry, increases and the hrmne leptin, which signals that yu are full; decreases.”(“缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，”注册营养师Martin Meadws说：“使你感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。”)”可知，Martin Meadws认为缺乏良好的睡眠会导致食欲激素失衡，从而导致感到饥饿的激素胃饥饿素增加，而表明你吃饱了的激素瘦素减少。故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“As Meadws says: “It’s a perfect strm where we want t eat mre and we dn’t knw when t stp, cmbined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived ur willpwer is lwer, arid it all becmes pretty tricky. Pr sleep, r sleep deprivatin(匮乏), leads t an increased likelihd f pr lifestyle chices. Many f us get stuck in the habit f eating junk fd, and the knck-n effect is that the junk fd disturbs ur sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s mre stimulating.”(正如Meadws所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，Meadws认为睡眠不足会导致不良的饮食习惯，而不良饮食习惯又扰乱了我们的睡眠。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“As Meadws says: “It’s a perfect strm where we want t eat mre and we dn’t knw when t stp, cmbined with the fact that when we are sleep-deprived ur willpwer is lwer, arid it all becmes pretty tricky. Pr sleep, r sleep deprivatin(匮乏), leads t an increased likelihd f pr lifestyle chices. Many f us get stuck in the habit f eating junk fd, and the knck-n effect is that the junk fd disturbs ur sleep, because it’s higher in sugar; it’s mre stimulating.”(正如Meadws所说：“这是一场完美的风暴，我们想吃得更多，却不知道什么时候该停下来，再加上睡眠不足时我们的意志力会降低，这一切都变得相当棘手。睡眠不足或睡眠匮乏会增加不良生活方式选择的可能性。我们中的许多人都养成了吃垃圾食品的习惯，其连锁反应是垃圾食品扰乱了我们的睡眠，因为它们的含糖量更高；这更刺激。”)”可知，睡眠不足会带来不良的生活方式；再根据第五段“He catalgues the ill effects: “Yur cgnitive perfrmance. drps with accumulated sleep deprivatin—yur cmmunicatin skills, yur decisin-making skills, yur memry.” There is als an increased risk f cardivascular(心血管的) disease, depressin and psychsis.(他列举了这些不良影响：“你的认知能力会随着长期睡眠不足而下降——你的沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力都会下降。”患心血管疾病、抑郁症和精神病的风险也在增加。)”可知，睡眠不足会导致沟通能力、决策能力和记忆力下降。由此可知，选项A“Irregular heartbeat.(心律不齐)”未提及。故选A。
5．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“And if yu had a bad night’s sleep, Meadws recmmends “making a cnscius effrt t chse fds such as whlegrains, beans, fruits and vegetables. Because they are packed with fiber and water, they will help yu feel full while limiting yur verall energy intake.”(如果你晚上睡得不好，Meadws建议“有意识地选择全麦、豆类、水果和蔬菜等食物。”因为它们富含纤维和水分，它们会让你有饱腹感，同时限制你的总能量摄入。)”可知，睡眠不足的人可以摄入富含纤维和水分的食物，因为这类食物会让人有饱腹感同时又能限制总能量摄入。故选D。
Passage 4
（23-24高三上·天津·阶段练习）Reprts have emerged recently f cws being fed supplements (补充剂) btained frm palm il (棕榈油) t increase the butterfat cntent f milk. The practice partly respnds t the increasing demand fr butter during the pandemic when the number f milk cws has nt increased accrdingly. Thus, palmitic acid supplements, btained frm imprted palm il are given t cws.
Accrding t Dairy (乳品业的) Farmers f Canada(DFC), it is used in ther cuntries as well t “prvide energy t cws withut undesirable effects”. Experts f DFC guarantee that the milk prducts are safe and that the amunts f supplements used are very small. But based n Canadians’ cncern ver the link between butter and palm il, it appears mre cmplicated. Lts f Canadians have been deliberately trying t avid palm il in diets, nly t realize that palm il is being used in the dairy industry.
Peple are cncerned abut the nutritin questin, fr t much palmitic acid is assciated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste f milk, which is a headache fr many fd prducers. But thse are nt what disturb me. In fact, palm il has a bad reputatin fr driving defrestatin, particularly in Sutheast Asia, which prduces 85% f the wrld’s palm il supply. The rapid expansin f palm il has destryed habitats fr many wild animals. Fires are set t replace jungles with palm trees, plluting the air, and sme are impssible t put ut.
Despite the harmful effects palm il may bring abut, palm il is fund in rughly 50% f the prducts sld in supermarkets. It is cheap t prduce and stays slid at rm temperature, making it perfect fr baked and packaged fds. It has a high cking temperature and smke pint, prviding ạ smth muthfeel. It’s als added t make-up, cleaning prducts, chclate, fuels, and mre.
Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. There’s hpe n the hrizn, but the palm il industry is still ne I wn’t give supprt t.
1．Why are cws fed supplements made frm palm il?
A．T get mre palmitic acid.B．T cut dwn the expense f feed.
C．T prtect cws against diseases.D．T meet the demand fr butter.
2．What can be knwn frm Paragraph 2?
A．Increased supplements lead t less milk.B．Canadians care little abut the dairy industry
C．The public are dependent n experts’ advice.D．DFC’s guarantee receives n desired result.
3．Why is the authr anxius abut the use f palm il?
A．Fr the ptential health risks.B．Fr the envirnmental cncerns.
C．Fr the lw utput f palm trees.D．Fr the waste f fd resurces.
4．What is Paragraph 4 mainly abut cncerning palm il?
A．Why it is badly needed.B．Hw it bsts the fd industry.
C．What industrial develpment it leads t.D．Hw it is prduced.
5．What is the authr’s attitude twards sme rganizatins and big brands’ actin?
A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Favrable.D．Objective.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过为了增加牛奶中的乳脂含量而给奶牛喂食从棕榈油中提取的补充剂引出话题，讲述了人们的担忧，以及作者的看法。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The practice partly respnds t the increasing demand fr butter during the pandemic when the number f milk cws has nt increased accrdingly.(这种做法在一定程度上是为了应对疫情期间对黄油需求的增加，而奶牛的数量并没有相应增加。)”可知，给奶牛喂食棕榈油补充剂是为了满足人们对黄油的需求。故选D。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Experts f DFC guarantee that the milk prducts are safe and that the amunts f supplements used are very small. But based n Canadians’ cncern ver the link between butter and palm il, it appears mre cmplicated. (DFC的专家保证牛奶产品是安全的，而且所用的补充剂数量很少。但基于加拿大人对黄油和棕榈油之间联系的担忧，这似乎更为复杂。)”可知，虽然DFC做出了保证，但由于加拿大人对黄油和棕榈油之间联系的担忧，这种保证并没有得到人们的认可。由此可推测出，DFC的保证没有得到想要的结果。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Peple are cncerned abut the nutritin questin, fr t much palmitic acid is assciated with heart disease. Besides, palm fats change the taste f milk, which is a headache fr many fd prducers. But thse are nt what disturb me.(人们关心营养问题，因为过多的棕榈酸会导致心脏病。此外，棕榈脂肪会改变牛奶的味道，这是许多食品生产商头疼的问题。但这些并没有让我感到不安。)”可知，作者对棕榈油带来的营养问题、口味问题并没有很在意，所以下文的内容是作者真正在意的问题。结合下文“In fact, palm il has a bad reputatin fr driving defrestatin, particularly in Sutheast Asia, which prduces 85% f the wrld’s palm il supply. The rapid expansin f palm il has destryed habitats fr many wild animals. Fires are set t replace jungles with palm trees, plluting the air, and sme are impssible t put ut.(事实上，棕榈油因助长森林砍伐而名声不佳，尤其是在东南亚，那里的棕榈油供应量占世界的85%。棕榈油的迅速膨胀破坏了许多野生动物的栖息地。大火将用棕榈树取代丛林，污染空气，有些无法扑灭。)”可知，棕榈油致使森林砍伐、野生动物栖息地破坏、空气污染，这些环境问题让作者对使用棕榈油感到担心。故选B。
4．主旨大意题。根据第四段首句“Despite the harmful effects palm il may bring abut, palm il is fund in rughly 50% f the prducts sld in supermarkets.(尽管棕榈油可能会带来有害影响，但在超市销售的产品中，约有50%含有棕榈油。)”可知，超市销售的产品中大约有一半都含有棕榈油，这说明它需求量很大，下文“It is cheap t prduce and stays slid at rm temperature, making it perfect fr baked and packaged fds. It has a high cking temperature and smke pint, prviding ạ smth muthfeel. It’s als added t make-up, cleaning prducts, chclate, fuels, and mre.(它生产成本低，在室温下保持固体，非常适合烘焙和包装食品。它具有较高的烹饪温度和冒烟点，提供顺滑的口感。它还被添加到化妆品、清洁产品、巧克力、燃料等中。)”讲述了棕榈油的特点以及广泛的使用范围，由此可推测出，本段主要讲述了棕榈油需求量大的原因。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Sme rganizatins are making effrts t clean up the palm il industry thrugh varius practices. Big brands are frmally warned when their palm il suppliers engage in illegal expansin, which in turn has driven them t take actin, even if their actin seems inadequate currently. (一些组织正在通过各种做法努力整顿棕榈油行业。当大品牌的棕榈油供应商进行非法扩张时，他们会受到正式警告，这反过来又迫使它们采取行动，即使他们目前的行动似乎不够充分。)”和“There’s hpe n the hrizn(希望就在眼前)”可知，一些组织正在努力整顿棕榈油行业，而且一些大品牌棕榈油供应商会采取行动，作者认为希望就在眼前，由此可推测出，作者对他们的行动表示支持。故选C。
Passage 1
（2024·天津·高考真题）Research smetimes prves, with data, what we mre r less already knw（e. g. Exercise is gd fr yu, and plluted air isn’t）. Still, smetimes ur assumptins are incrrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, alng with the rest f us. A recent example is the phenmenn f disappearing lakes in parts f the frzen treeless Arctic（北极的） regin.
Yu might think these lakes wuld be expanding, nt disappearing. As climate change warms the regin — melting（融化）surface snw and ice as well as the permafrst（永冻层）— there shuld be mre surface water, frming larger lakes and even new nes. Recently, hwever, scientists have bserved nt just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have cmpletely gne away.
Many scientists shared the cmmnsense expectatin that as permafrst melted, lakes wuld at first expand with meltwater flwing int them. Eventually, researchers made a predictin that prgressive warming during the 21st and 22nd centuries wuld dry ut the Arctic, and lakes wuld begin t shrink. But nw it lks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sner than predicted. A case in pint is that sme large, age-ld lakes shrank dramatically in what appears t have been a matter f mnths. Scientists have labeled this phenmenn “disastrus lake lss”
What caused this? The frzen slid grund actually cntains bits f rck, mineral and rganic matter, leaving spaces in between. And because these spaces are filled with slid ice, liquid water cannt readily get inside, but it can when the permafrst melts, allwing mre water t get thrugh. Sn after that, arund 192 lakes in nrthwestern Alaska are gne frm sight.
Why did scientists miss this? One prbable reasn is that mst climate mdels assume that the melting f permafrst is driven nly by warming air.
New evidence suggests, hwever, that rainfall — particularly increasing autumn rain — is nw cntributing significantly t permafrst lss. The rainfall carries heat int the grund. Yet nne f the existing mdels includes such prcesses.
That is a gd example f why — n matter hw cmplex ur mdels are r may ne day be — we need direct bservatin f the natural wrld.
1．What des Paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．General knwledge can at times turn ut t be true.
B．Cmmnsense assumptins can smetimes prve wrng.
C．Research findings shuld be built n ppular assumptins.
D．Scientific research is inspired by an unknwn phenmenn.
2．Cntrary t the general expectatin, climate change has caused ________.
A．a rapid rise f water surfaceB．the permafrst t melt faster
C．many Arctic lakes t grw largerD．the disappearance f many Arctic lakes
3．The disastrus climatic impacts n the Arctic regin have been ________.
A．prved with emerging lakesB．underestimated by scientists
C．well predicted by researchersD．shwn elsewhere in the wrld
4．Why is the frzen Arctic grund hard fr water t get thrugh?
A．Because f the slid ice within it.
B．Because f its unique cmpsitin.
C．Because it is far away frm the waters.
D．Because snw rarely melts n frzen grund.
5．What lessn can we learn frm the passage?
A．Direct bservatin is a must fr scientific research.
B．Scientific research is guaranteed by sufficient lab facilities.
C．New evidence shuld be fund t back up research findings.
D．Scientific predictins shuld be mstly based n research mdels.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．A
【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，表明了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。
1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Research smetimes prves, with data, what we mre r less already knw.(研究有时会用数据证明我们或多或少已经知道的事情。)”和“Still, smetimes ur assumptins are incrrect, and scientific findings surprise researchers, alng with the rest f us.(尽管如此，有时我们的假设是不正确的，科学发现让研究人员和我们其他人感到惊讶。)”可知，该段表明有时一些常识性的假设可能被证明是错误的。故选B。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Yu might think these lakes wuld be expanding, nt disappearing.(你可能会认为这些湖泊会扩大，而不是消失。)”和“Recently, hwever, scientists have bserved nt just shrinking（缩小的） lakes but lakes that have cmpletely gne away.(然而，最近科学家们不仅观察到湖泊在萎缩，而且还观察到湖泊已经完全消失。)”可知，与人们的普遍预期相反，气候变化已经引起了许多北极湖泊的消失。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“But nw it lks as if Arctic lakes are disappearing a century sner than predicted.(但现在看来，北极湖泊的消失似乎比预测的要早一个世纪。)”可知，对比之前科学家的预测，一些北极湖泊似乎消失得要快很多，可见灾难性的气候对北极地区的影响一直被科学家低估了。故选B。
4．细节理解题。根据第四段“And because these spaces are filled with slid ice, liquid water cannt readily get inside,(因为这些空间充满了固体冰，液态水不容易进入，)”可知，因为冻土层中的空间里充满了坚实的冰，导致液体水无法进入。故选A。
5．推理判断题。根据最后一段“That is a gd example f why — n matter hw cmplex ur mdels are r may ne day be — we need direct bservatin f the natural wrld.(这是一个很好的例子——说明为什么不管我们的例子有多复杂，或者有一天可能会复杂——我们都需要直接观察自然世界。)”可知，文章通过对在冰冻无树的北极地区部分湖泊消失的现象这一实例的分析，让我们学到了直接观察自然世界对科学研究是必要的。故选A。
Passage 2
（2024·天津·高考真题）Staring at the bkcases in my study, packed with s many great bks that had remained unread, I heard a lud vice in my head — “Shame n yu! Hw can yu leave these masterpieces unread?”
The first bk I picked up was Mntaigne's Essays. T my surprise I discvered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my wn faded hand-writing. S I was actually reading it again, but what I was rereading seemed entirely new. I als fund sentences underlined. Only this time I wndered: Why did I underline this sentence? It's the next ne that is imprtant!
Clearly, my way f reading the text had shifted, and I myself had changed ver the years. This raised the larger questin f rereading. It cmes in many frms. There’s vluntary rereading, the result f a willful decisin t revisit a bk ne has admired, r a bk that has left ne with sme unanswered questins. This kind f planned revisit culd als be fr cnfirming certain details in the text, r fr checking n the mves f a given character. A devted teacher might als wish t refresh his clseness t a wrk, and thus avid teaching thrugh the same ld written ntes with sprific (让人瞌睡的) effects.
Cntrarily, there’s invluntary rereading. The riginal reading was either frgtten r s ttally absrbed that the new chance encunter with the text prduced surprise and astnishment. My reactin t the renewed reading n lnger crrespnded t the riginal experience, and I was n lnger sure that I recgnized myself as the same reader.
Then there are what ne might call subcnscius (潜意识的) rereadings, thse that ccur withut the specific act f reading, much as the memry f a tune can keep cming back t the mind withut its actually being heard again. This frm f remembered cntact with a bk can accmpany us during a lifetime and cntinue t strengthen and shape us. Much in the same manner, we may ver the years recite t urselves pems learnt by heart lng ag, which have becme part f ur self-recgnitin.
All f these ways f reading are valuable. Renewed cntact with a nvel r a pem can activate the search fr a better knwledge f the self. The new reading, a frm f revisin, uncvers the change in us. The newness is nt in the text. It is we wh have evlved. In the prcess f rereading, ur utlk has als been significantly changed. Rereading makes it pssible fr us t see the wrld arund us, urselves included, in a new light.
1．What did the authr find when reading Mntaigne’s Essays?
A．He still culdn't understand it.B．He had made ntes in it.
C．It was a brand new cpy.D．It was his favrite wrk.
2．Accrding t the authr, what culd be a purpse f vluntary rereading?
A．T imprve the quality f teaching.B．T learn frm admirable characters.
C．T cllect details fr writing nvels.D．T help making imprtant decisins.
3．Accrding t Paragraph 4, invluntary rereading can bring abut?
A．Unexpected reading experience.B．Ttal cncentratin n new bks.
C．Changed preferences fr bks.D．Enhanced reading skills.
4．What can be learnt abut subcnscius rereading?
A．It prevents memry frm fading.B．It helps make wh we are.
C．It invlves actual reading.D．It wrks best with petry and music.
5．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．Accessing Masterpieces thrugh RereadingB．Rereading: Vluntary r Invluntary?
C．Rereading: Pursuit f TruthD．Transfrmative Pwer f Rereading
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自己对重新阅读的感悟和想法，认为重新阅读能更好地了解自我，能让我们以新的眼光来看待周围的世界，包括自己。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The first bk I picked up was Mntaigne's Essays. T my surprise I discvered in the margins (页边空白) what clearly was my wn faded hand-writing.(我拿起的第一本书就是Mntaigne的散文。令我惊讶的是，我在页边空白处发现了明显是我自己褪色的笔记。)”可知，作者惊讶地发现书的空白处是自己之前的笔记，故选B。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“A devted teacher might als wish t refresh his clseness t a wrk, and thus avid teaching thrugh the same ld written ntes with sprific (让人瞌睡的) effects.(一位敬业的教师可能也希望重新建立与工作的亲密关系，因此避免通过具有催眠效果的相同的旧笔记来进行教学。)”可知，教师通过主动再读更新内容，提高教学质量是主动再读的目的之一，故选A。
3．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Cntrarily, there’s invluntary rereading. The riginal reading was either frgtten r s ttally absrbed that the new chance encunter with the text prduced surprise and astnishment. My reactin t the renewed reading n lnger crrespnded t the riginal experience, and I was n lnger sure that I recgnized myself as the same reader. (相反，有一种非主动再读。原来的阅读要么被遗忘，要么完全被吸收，以至于与文本的新的偶遇产生了惊讶和震惊。我对重新阅读的反应不再符合最初的体验，我也不再确定我是否认出自己是同一个读者。)”可知，非主动再读能让读者感到与最初体验不符合的反应，因此能带来意料之外的阅读体验，故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“This frm f remembered cntact with a bk can accmpany us during a lifetime and cntinue t strengthen and shape us. Much in the same manner, we may ver the years recite t urselves pems learnt by heart lng ag, which have becme part f ur self-recgnitin.(这种与书的记忆联系可以伴随我们一生，并继续加强和塑造我们。同样地，多年来，我们可能会背诵很久以前背下来的诗，这些诗已经成为我们认知的一部分。)”可知，潜意识再读有助于进一步塑造自我，是我们认知的一部分，故选B。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Rereading makes it pssible fr us t see the wrld arund us, urselves included, in a new light.(重新阅读使我们能够以新的眼光看待周围的世界，包括我们自己。)”和后文对重新阅读的介绍可知，文章主要论述了重新阅读的重要意义，即再读具有提升读者对作品、自我及世界认知的力量，故D项 “Transfrmative Pwer f Rereading(重新阅读的变革力量)” 符合文章标题，故选D。
Passage 3
（2023·天津·高考真题）Strytelling is an ancient art frm that has been used t hand dwn legends, tales and factual stries. Perhaps the first thing that springs t mind when yu think f strytelling is the fantasy land that tk shape in yur mind while Mm r Dad tld yu stries abut princes, castles and mnsters, with a unique vice fr each character.
Strytelling des nt just take place at bedtime r rund a campfire, hwever. It can take sme ther frms, either via the bks we read r the films we watch. But they usually have sme elements in cmmn: rather than a list f dry facts, stries have plts and they intrduce characters. We respnd t stries, particularly when there is emtinal detail.
And unlike what we suppse, strytelling is nt just a frm f entertainment, but a frm f learning as well. Lng befre reading and writing became widely spread and available, ral strytelling had already been a frm that the wisdm and knwledge f the peple were passed dwn frm elders t children. A gd stry engages ur curisity, emtins and imaginatin.
Strytelling helps with learning als because stries are easy t remember. Research has fund that learning btained frm a well-tld stry is remembered mre accurately, and fr far lnger, than frm facts and figures.
And abve all, stries have a transfrmative pwer t allw us t see the wrld in a different way than we d if we just encunter it n ur wn. Stries are an entry pint t understanding a different experience f the wrld.
This aspect f strytelling-presenting a different perspective f the wrld—is imprtant when it cmes t cnnecting with each ther. It gives us an pprtunity t learn frm anther persn’s experience and it can shape, strengthen r challenge ur pinins and values. S, when smene tells us their wn persnal stry, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) f a view f the wrld that may be slightly r significantly different frm ur wn. When we see the wrld as they see it, r walk in their shes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.
1．What ccurs t us the mment we think f “strytelling”?
A．A child's imaginary wrld.
B．Vices f Mm r Dad.
C．An ancient art frm.
D．Factual stries.
2．What are the cmmn elements in all frms f strytelling accrding t the authr?
A．Frm and style.
B．Facts and figures.
C．Emtinal and physical details.
D．A series f events and characters.
3．Why des strytelling wrk better than mere statement f facts in prmting learning?
A．It carries mre wisdm and knwledge.
B．It is mre widely available t yung learners.
C．It satisfies ur imaginatin and releases ur emtins.
D．It makes what is learned mre precise and lnger lasting.
4．Hw can ther peple’s persnal stries prbably benefit us?
A．By ffering us mre pprtunities t knw peple.
B．By helping us stay cnnected with the cntemprary wrld.
C．By allwing us t understand the wrld the way they see it.
D．By enabling us t tell reality frm imaginatin.
5．What makes the best title fr the passage?
A．The Histry f Strytelling
B．The Pwer f Strytelling
C．The Frms f Strytelling
D．The Art f Strytelling
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Perhaps the first thing that springs t mind when yu think f strytelling is the fantasy land that tk shape in yur mind while Mm r Dad tld yu stries abut princes, castles and mnsters, with a unique vice fr each character. (也许当你想到讲故事时，你首先想到的就是爸爸妈妈给你讲王子、城堡和怪物的故事，每个角色都有独特的声音，在你脑海中形成的幻想世界。)”可知，当提到“讲故事”时，我们会想到一个孩子的想象世界。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“But they usually have sme elements in cmmn: rather than a list f dry facts, stries have plts and they intrduce characters. (但它们通常都有一些共同点：故事有情节，也有人物形象，而不是一长串枯燥的事实。)”可知，作者认为，一系列的事件和人物是所有叙事中的共同元素，故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“Strytelling helps with learning als because stries are easy t remember. Research has fund that learning btained frm a well-tld stry is remembered mre accurately, and fr far lnger, than frm facts and figures. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。研究发现，从一个讲得很好的故事中获得的知识比从事实和数据中获得的知识记忆得更准确，时间也更长。)”可知，讲故事比仅仅陈述事实更能促进学习，这是因为它使所学到的知识更加精确和持久。故选D。
4．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And abve all, stries have a transfrmative pwer t allw us t see the wrld in a different way than we d if we just encunter it n ur wn. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”可知，他人的故事让我们以他们看待世界的方式来理解世界，这会让我们受益，故选C。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中“And unlike what we suppse, strytelling is nt just a frm f entertainment, but a frm f learning as well. (与我们想象的不同，讲故事不仅仅是一种娱乐方式，也是一种学习方式。)”，第四段中“Strytelling helps with learning als because stries are easy t remember. (讲故事也有助于学习，因为故事容易记住。)”，第五段中“And abve all, stries have a transfrmative pwer t allw us t see the wrld in a different way than we d if we just encunter it n ur wn. (最重要的是，故事有一种变革的力量，让我们以一种不同的方式看待这个世界，而不是仅仅依靠我们自己。)”和第六段中“This aspect f strytelling-presenting a different perspective f the wrld—is imprtant when it cmes t cnnecting with each ther. (讲故事的这个方面——呈现出一个不同的世界观——对于彼此之间的联系来说是很重要的。)”可知，文章主要讲述了讲故事给我们带来的好处，B项“讲故事的力量”适合作文章标题，故选B。
Passage 4
（2023·天津·高考真题）I lked thrugh the windw f the charming little vilin shp, and my heart began t race.
I'd been ut t dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided t walk hme frm the restaurant. I had traveled that way befre, yet I had never nticed that ld little shp. But that night I felt drawn t the vilin shp the mment I came acrss it.
I wiped the dirt frm the windw t get a better lk inside. Several vilins hung frm the dark walls, quietly waiting t be chsen. As my eyes rested n them, I felt as thugh I were lking thrugh a windw int my wn past.
My childhd was all abut the pursuits I had attempted, mst f which had been chsen by Mm. She was like, “Jin the swim team, Tara. Yur sister is a gd swimmer;surely yu will be, t. ”What she refused t acknwledge, hwever, was that I was visibly afraid f water.
Every Saturday I begged Mm nt t make me g t the swim meet, but had little chance f success. That said, with a bang f the starting gun, I wuld dive int the cld water with all my strength and swim t the ther side f the pl as fast as I culd, nly t find that the ther swimmers slid past me. I wuld have given it up if I had nt heard my father's encuraging shuts t cheer me n. When at last my hand wuld grab the edge f the pl, he wuld always be there with a warm, dry twel, telling me hw prud he was f my desperate effrts.
Then came a turning pint in my life the day ur schl rchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demnstratin. The drums annyed me. The flutes(笛子)bred me. But the vilin…ah, the vilin. It made the sweetest sund I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing alng with its flwing tune. Fr the first time in my life, I went s wild with jy.
Tightly hlding the permissin slip frm the rchestra directr, I ran all the way hme after schl, and shakily handed it t my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mm was thrilled t see me finally excited abut smething, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.
I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability. Befre lng I had wn the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra …
1．What did the sight f the vilins in that little shp bring t Tara's mind?
A．Her miserable past.
B．An unfrgettable sprt event.
C．The stries behind the vilins.
D．Her childhd memry.
2．What Dad did fr Tara during the swimming cmpetitin implies that he is ________.
A．mindless and bad-tempered
B．caring and supprtive
C．strict and demanding
D．tlerant and sympathetic
3．What fascinated Tara during her schl rchestra's demnstratin?
A．The tune f the flutes.
B．The beat f the drums.
C．The sund f the vilin.
D．The manner f the musicians.
4．What enabled Tara t win the first seat in the cmmunity rchestra?
A．The steady imprvement in her taste.
B．Her strng desire fr success.
C．Her natural gift fr music.
D．The rapid prgress in her ability.
5．What message des Tara's stry cnvey?
A．It's never t yung t learn.
B．A passinate interest wrks wnders.
C．Hard wrk will pay ff in the lng run.
D．Like mther, like daughter.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者路过橱窗时，看到一把迷人的小提琴深受吸引。在游泳比赛屡次落后的情形下，我观看了学校管弦乐队举办的演奏会。在得到父母的许可下，我充满激情地练习小提琴最终成为了社区管弦乐团的首席。
1．细节理解题。由文章第三段最后一行“As my eyes rested n them, I felt as thugh I were lking thrugh a windw int my wn past. ”(当我的目光停留在他们身上时，我觉得自己好像在透过窗户回顾自己的过去。)和第四段第一行“My childhd was all abut the pursuits I had attempted, mst f which had been chsen by Mm. ”(我的童年都是我尝试追求过的爱好，其中大部分都是妈妈选择的。)可知，透过商店的小提琴作者回想起了童年。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。由文章第五段最后两句“I wuld have given it up if I had nt heard my father's encuraging shuts t cheer me n. When at last my hand wuld grab the edge f the pl, he wuld always be there with a warm, dry twel, telling me hw prud he was f my desperate effrts.”(如果我没有听到父亲鼓励我加油的呼喊声，我早就放弃了。当我的手终于抓住泳池边时，他总是拿着一条温暖、干燥的毛巾在那里，告诉我他为我拼命的努力感到多么自豪。)由此可以推断爸爸是关心和支持作者的。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由文章第六段最后两句“But the vilin…ah, the vilin. It made the sweetest sund I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing alng with its flwing tune. Fr the first time in my life, I went s wild with jy. ”( 但是小提琴…啊，小提琴。它发出了我听过的最甜美的声音！我的心随着它流动的曲调翩翩起舞。我有生以来第一次欣喜若狂。)可知是小提琴的声音令作者痴迷。故选C项。
4．细节理解题。由文章第八段第一句“I began practicing the vilin with great passin, and rse quickly in ability.”(我怀着极大的热情开始练习小提琴，并且能力迅速提升。 )可知，作者进步飞速，所以才成为首席。故选D项。
5．主旨大意题。根据文章，作者非常拼命地游泳但是依然落后于其他人。他非常热爱小提琴，进步飞速，很快成为了管弦乐团的首席，可知兴趣爱好是最好的老师，能创造奇迹。故选B项。
Passage 5
（2023·天津·高考真题）Mst peple with gd sense wuld accept that we can and shuld learn frm accidental failures. It wuld be impssible t prgress in anything, after all, withut taking the ccasinal misstep. And by understanding hw we slipped, we can avid falling in the future.
Few wuld advcate making intentinal mistakes, hwever. Yet cnsciusly erring (犯错) can prmte deeper understanding and better recall. The phenmenn is knwn as the derring effect — cming frm “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied prperly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas f life.
In ne experiment carried ut at the Natinal University f Singapre, participants were given the task f learning cncepts n a difficult subject. Fr sme terms, they simply cpied ut the crrect definitin; fr thers, they were asked t first add an errr in their descriptin f the term befre crrecting the mistake.
Naturally, yu wuld expect the additin f the errrs t have increased unwanted cnfusin. Yet the exact ppsite was true: the participants wh made deliberate errrs learned abut twice as much as the peple wh simply cpied ut the crrect definitins.
The derring effect culd be applied in ther situatins. S a music teacher may find the additin f deliberate errrs culd help a student remember the right musical ntes. Such a playful apprach culd fuel their creativity fr cmpsitin, if the student lks fr ways t develp thse wrng ntes int smething mre attractive. It is encuraging t discver that by readily accepting ur errrs and wisely placing urselves in the way f being wrng, we can in fact vercme weaknesses and rise strnger.
The derring effect culd be useful fr many ther challenges t. If yu enjy cking, fr example, yu may faithfully fllw a recipe withut questining the instructins. But why nt try t break away frm thse habits and deliberately d the “wrng” thing fr a change, and see where yur derring takes yu? If yu are painting,meanwhile,yu culd relax ne f the cnstraints (限制) that yu usually put n yur wrk and see what yu prduce.
At wrst, yu will have refreshed and deepened yur knwledge f the rules yu nrmally apply, s that yu can be even mre effective next time. At best, yu may just find that yu have discvered smething cmpletely new and unexpected, thrugh a flash f inspiratin that yu wuld have missed with perfectinism. Either way, yur apparent missteps will have mved yu a little clser t true mastery.
1．In Paragraph 1, the authr presents ____________.
A．a rutine warning
B．a ppular misbelief
C．a cmmnly-held view
D．a theretical assumptin
2．What can be learnt abut the experiment?
A．Adding intentinal errrs facilitates learning.
B．Crrecting mistakes is the key t learning.
C．Errrs cntribute t cnfusin in learning.
D．Learners make fewer errrs in difficult subjects.
3．Accrding t the authr using the apprach mentined in Paragraph 5 may result in _______.
A．disappinting perfrmances
B．greater creative pwer
C．the discvery f prblems
D．the admissin f weaknesses
4．Which f the fllwing wuld the authr encurage yu t d?
A．Strictly fllw traditinal recipes when cking.
B．Avid making mistakes and be a perfectinist.
C．Occasinally ignre traffic regulatins.
D．Try uncnventinal clring in painting.
5．What culd be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Challenge f Derring
B．Erring Prevents Failure
C．T Err is Fruitful
D．Errrs: Accidental r Intentinal
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在学习中，我们总是害怕犯错，甚至为犯错而感到羞耻、焦虑。但新研究发现，犯错对学习来说并不是洪水猛兽，甚至，故意犯错还能促进学习进步。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mst peple with gd sense wuld accept that we can and shuld learn frm accidental failures. It wuld be impssible t prgress in anything, after all, withut taking the ccasinal misstep. And by understanding hw we slipped, we can avid falling in the future.(大多数有理智的人都会接受我们能够而且应该从偶然的失败中吸取教训。毕竟，如果不偶尔犯错，任何事情都不可能取得进步。通过了解我们是如何滑倒的，我们可以避免在未来摔倒)”可知，第一段作者提出了一个人们普遍认为的观点。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Naturally, yu wuld expect the additin f the errrs t have increased unwanted cnfusin.Yet the exact ppsite was true: the participants wh made deliberate errrs learned abut twice as much as the peple wh simply cpied ut the crrect definitins.(当然，你会认为错误的增加会增加不必要的混乱。然而事实恰恰相反：故意犯错误的参与者学到的知识是简单抄写正确定义的人的两倍)”可知，添加故意错误有助于学习。故选A。
3．细节理解题。根据第五段中“Such a playful apprach culd fuel their creativity fr cmpsitin, if the student lks fr ways t develp thse wrng ntes int smething mre attractive.( 如果学生想方设法把那些错误的笔记发展成更有吸引力的东西，这种有趣的方法可以激发他们作文的创造力)”可知，根据作者的观点，使用第5段中提到的方法可能会激发学生产生更大的创造力。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But why nt try t break away frm thse habits and deliberately d the “wrng” thing fr a change, and see where yur derring takes yu? If yu are painting, meanwhile, yu culd relax ne f the cnstraints (限制) that yu usually put n yur wrk and see what yu prduce.(但是，为什么不试着打破这些习惯，为了改变而故意做一些“错误”的事情，看看你的大胆之举会把你带向何方？如果你正在绘画，同时，你可以放下你通常对你的作品施加的限制之一，看看你的作品)”可推知，作者可能会鼓励你在绘画时尝试非常规的色彩。故选D。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“Few wuld advcate making intentinal mistakes, hwever. Yet cnsciusly erring (犯错) can prmte deeper understanding and better recall. The phenmenn is knwn as the derring effect — cming frm “deliberate (故意的) erring” — and when applied prperly, it may bring benefits in many unexpected areas f life.(然而，很少有人会主张犯故意的错误。然而，有意识地犯错可以促进更深刻的理解和更好的回忆。这种现象被称为大胆效应——来自“故意犯错”——如果运用得当，它可能会在生活的许多意想不到的领域带来好处)”可知，文章主要介绍了新研究发现，犯错对学习来说并不是洪水猛兽，甚至，故意犯错还能促进学习进步。由此可知，C项“T Err is Fruitful(故意犯错，收获颇丰)挑战主动犯错”适合做文章标题。故选C。