2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 考点分类练4 推理判断题（2）（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 考点分类练4 推理判断题（2）（含解析），共9页。
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
The teacher starts with the basics:hw t thread a needle.Then,ver the curse f the next 30 minutes,she shws the students a few different stitches(针法),alng with hw t mend a trn shirt.The sewing class is part f a free,ne-day curse at Austin Cmmunity Cllege (ACC) called “Adulting 101”.The students range in age frm their late teens t mid-40s.
ACC has been running such prgrammes fr six years.The wrkshps are designed t help peple “successfully navigate adulthd”,even thse wh,legally and practically,have been navigating it fr quite sme time.The tpics vary frm basic—hw t dress apprpriately fr a jb interview—t advanced,such as hw t file incme taxes.
The rise in need fr adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature f childhd and adlescence,which have grwn mre digital and less physical.American teens spend up t nine hurs each day n screens.TikTk and YuTube d ffer handy tutrials n all manner f husewrk,but mst yung users f these platfrms are mre interested in dancing than dishwashers.
Keith Hayward,a prfessr f the University f Cpenhagen,argued that there has been a generatinal shift and that yung peple are less mature than their ancestrs were at the same age.They are escaping frm respnsibilities such as marriage,hme wning and child-raising because “adulting is hard”,as ne f his students put it.He adds that yung peple tday are als less interested in what their elder try t ffer.“If parents are nt prviding advice n many essential life tasks,yu’re left with these classes picking up what yu shuld have gained.”
Many will see adulting classes as prf f yungsters’ delayed develpment.But spiled children d nt acknwledge the gaps in their knwledge and try t fill them.Only a grwn-up wuld willingly spend precius free time ding smething as dull as learning hw t mend a shirt.
1.Why is the “Adulting 101” curse pened?
A.T teach digital skills.
B.T make adult life smth.
C.T train experienced tailrs.
D.T advance academic level.
2.What des the rise in need fr adulting classes reflect abut yung peple tday?
A.Their nature f adulting.
B.Their addictin t screens.
C.Their interest in husewrk.
D.Their lve fr tutrials.
3.What is Keith Hayward’s attitude twards adulting classes?
A.Dubtful. B.Negative.
C.Neutral.D.Psitive.
4.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?
A.Adulting classes shuld be started earlier.
B.Practical skills are a sign f becming mature.
C.Adulting classes are very dull fr grwn-ups.
D.Yung peple have a generatin gap with their parents.
Passage 2(2025湖南湘潭5月模拟)
主题:生命科学与健康 词数:320
难度:★★★☆☆ 限时:7分钟
A team frm Rutgers New Jersey Medical Schl fund that mice lacking a specific gene develped an unusually pwerful frm f brwn fat tissue,which imprved lngevity and increased exercise capability by apprximately 30%.The team is nw wrking n a drug t replicate these effects in humans.“Exercise capability reduces as yu get lder,and t have a technique that culd enhance exercise perfrmance wuld be very beneficial fr healthful aging,” said Stephen Vatner,senir authr f the study in Aging Cell.
This study revealed brwn fat enhances bld flw t muscles during physical activity.The genetically mdified mice prduced unusually high amunts f active brwn fat and shwed abut 30% better exercise perfrmance than nrmal mice,bth in speed and time t exhaustin.The mdified mice,which lack a prtein called RGS14,live abut 20% lnger than nrmal mice,with females living lnger than males.Even at advanced ages,they maintain a healthier appearance and witness n lss f hair and graying that appear in nrmal elderly mice.Their brwn fat tissue als prtects them frm certain diseases.
The researchers als transplanted the brwn fat t nrmal mice.They nted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brwn fat frm nrmal mice,by cntrast,tk eight weeks t prduce much slighter imprvements.
The discvery culd eventually prlng the ttal time when peple enjy gd mental and physical health.Rather than develp a treatment that addresses aging bradly,Vatner said his team plans t test fr specific benefits such as imprved exercise capacity and metablism(新陈代谢).In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brwn fat naturally.Studies have fund such effrts prduced shrt-term benefits that range frm enhanced immune system functin t imprved metablic health,but Vatner said nne f the studies have run lng enugh t find any effect n healthful aging.
5.What des the underlined wrd mean in paragraph 1?
A.Exam.B.Cpy.
C.Lighten.D.Explain.
6.What did the study find abut brwn fat?
A.It is prduced by a certain prtein.
B.It is used t treat specific illnesses.
C.It reduces exercise-related injuries.
D.It helps imprve exercise tlerance.
7.Why were tw different transplants cnducted?
A.T stress the chances f transplanting brwn fat.
B.T shw the underlying lgic f transplanting.
C.T cmpare the results f tw transplants.
D.T prve brwn fat benefits nrmal mice.
8.What is Vatner’s attitude tward deliberate cld expsure?
A.Cautius.B.Unclear.
C.Pessimistic.D.Apprving.
Passage 3(2025河北邢台二模)
主题:生命科学与抗衰老研究 词数:320
难度:★★★★☆ 限时:7分钟
Fr humans,aging is unavidable.But axltls(美西螈),thse cute smiling animals f pp culture fame,seemingly avid this fate t a pint.
In a phenmenn called “neteny”,axltls never utgrw their initial stage,lking like versize babies as adults.Nt nly d they lk yuthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species als experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even ther rgans ver their 21-year lifespan.Fr that reasn,human-bred axltls,which are a light pink in clr,are cmmn research subjects fr bilgists,wh have lng been fascinated by their ability t fight aging.
Nw,a new study reveals ne mre mystery abut these curius creatures.Their bdies stp ne f the key mechanisms f aging—the epigenetic clck(表观遗传时钟)—when they’re just fur years ld.An epigenetic clck estimates an animal’s age based n hw life events,such as stress r diet,turn its genes n and ff.If an animal has experienced a lt f physical and mental pain,fr instance,its epigenetic r bilgical age,culd be much lder than its real age.
The findings culd be ne mre step in the lng quest t discver effective anti-aging treatments fr humans,such as reducing inflammatin(炎症),accrding t the study published n biRxiv,a website where studies are psted withut peer review.Chasing yuth is a ppular gal:The anti-aging market,valued at $40 billin,is estimated t hit $60 billin by 2032.What’s mre,understanding axltl genetics culd inspire medicines fr regenerating cells,muscles,r maybe even arms and legs.
“It is a great leap frward in aging and regeneratin,” says James Gdwin,an immunlgist at the MDI Bilgical Labratry in Maine wh was nt invlved in the new study.“If the mechanisms can be understd,then many pprtunities t imprve human health culd present themselves.”
The study team examined 180 axltls frm fur weeks t 21 years f age.Hpefully,research n large scales is in stre fr future dedicated scientists.
9.What is a feature f axltls due t “neteny”?
A.They experience rapid aging.
B.They have a higher risk f disease.
C.They maintain a yung appearance.
D.They underg a few dramatic bdy changes.
10.Which factr f an animal can affect its epigenetic clck?
A.Its size.B.Its clr.
C.Its habitat.D.Its suffering.
11.What des James Gdwin think f the study?
A.It is thrugh.
B.It is prmising.
C.It is ne-sided.
D.It is misunderstd.
12.What field des the text mainly cver?
A.Diet.B.Finance.
C.Psychlgy.D.Bilgy.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了奥斯汀社区学院(ACC)开设的“成人101”免费课程。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“ACC has been running such prgrammes fr six years.The wrkshps are designed t help peple ‘successfully navigate adulthd’,even thse wh,legally and practically,have been navigating it fr quite sme time.”可知,“Adulting 101”的目的是使成人生活顺利。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The rise in need fr adulting classes reflects,in part,the changing nature f childhd and adlescence,which have grwn mre digital and less physical.American teens spend up t nine hurs each day n screens.”可知,对成人课程需求的增加反映了当今年轻人对屏幕的沉迷。
3.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段内容可知,Keith Hayward认为能在这些课程中学习你本应学到的东西,所以态度是积极的。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Many will see adulting classes as prf f yungsters’ delayed develpment.But spiled children d nt acknwledge the gaps in their knwledge and try t fill them.Only a grwn-up wuld willingly spend precius free time ding smething as dull as learning hw t mend a shirt.”可知,从本段可推出实用技能是成熟的一个标志。
提分干货
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项研究发现棕色脂肪组织能提高老鼠的运动能力且延长它们的寿命,并探讨了其在人类健康中的应用潜力。
5.B 词句猜测题。根据第一段中“A team frm Rutgers New Jersey Medical Schl fund that mice lacking a specific gene develped an unusually pwerful frm f brwn fat tissue,which imprved lngevity and increased exercise capability by apprximately 30%.The team is nw wrking n a drug t replicate these effects in humans.”可知,研究小组先发现了缺乏特定基因的老鼠所产生的特殊效果,即棕色脂肪组织能延长老鼠的寿命,改善它们的运动能力,现在研发药物是为了在人类身上也产生和老鼠同样的效果,所以replicate的意思是“复制”,与“Cpy”同义。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The genetically mdified mice prduced unusually high amunts f active brwn fat and shwed abut 30% better exercise perfrmance than nrmal mice,bth in speed and time t exhaustin.”可知,研究发现棕色脂肪有助于提高运动耐力,即选项D“它有助于提高运动耐力”。
7.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The researchers als transplanted the brwn fat t nrmal mice.They nted that the receivers gained similar benefits within days.Transplants using regular brwn fat frm nrmal mice,by cntrast,tk eight weeks t prduce much slighter imprvements.”可知,进行两种不同的移植是为了比较两种移植的结果,以观察哪种移植方式更有效。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In the meantime,techniques such as ice baths can increase brwn fat naturally.Studies have fund such effrts prduced shrt-term benefits that range frm enhanced immune system functin t imprved metablic health,but Vatner said nne f the studies have run lng enugh t find any effect n healthful aging.”可知,Vatner认为像冰浴这样的技术虽然能产生短期的好处,但还没有足够的研究来证明它们对健康衰老的影响,因此他对故意暴露于寒冷的态度是谨慎的。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。部分考生可能只关注“can increase brwn fat naturally”的积极描述,忽略后文的限制条件but...。
提分干货
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。
9.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a phenmenn called ‘neteny’,axltls never utgrw their initial stage,lking like versize babies as adults.Nt nly d they lk yuthful”可知,由于“幼态持续”,美西螈保持着年轻的外表。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“An epigenetic clck estimates an animal’s age based n hw life events,such as stress r diet,turn its genes n and ff.If an animal has experienced a lt f physical and mental pain,fr instance,its epigenetic r bilgical age,culd be much lder than its real age.”可知,动物遭受的痛苦会影响它的表观遗传时钟。
11.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘It is a great leap frward in aging and regeneratin,’ says James Gdwin,an immunlgist at the MDI Bilgical Labratry in Maine wh was nt invlved in the new study.‘If the mechanisms can be understd,then many pprtunities t imprve human health culd present themselves.’”可知,James Gdwin认为这项研究可能会导致出现许多改善人类健康的机会,所以他认为这项研究很有前途。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。文中未提及研究覆盖所有角度或数据无遗漏(仅说明样本量180只美西螈,未评价全面性)。学生可能将“180 axltls”误解为“数据全面”,但Gdwin的评论聚焦意义而非方法的严谨程度。
12.D 推理判断题。根据全文内容,结合第三段中“Nw,a new study reveals ne mre mystery abut these curius creatures.Their bdies stp ne f the key mechanisms f aging—the epigenetic clck—when they’re just fur years ld.”可知,文章主要讲述了一项研究发现美西螈的身体在四岁时就停止衰老的一个关键机制——表观遗传时钟,这一发现可能是人类在寻找有效的抗衰老方法的长期探索中又迈出了一步。关键词是衰老和遗传基因,所以文章涉及生物学领域。
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高频
词汇
1.apprpriately adv.适当地 2.shift n.转变
3.mend v.修补
熟词
生义
file (生)v.提交(税务等) (熟)n.文件
重点
短语
1.alng with 和……一起
2.range 范围从……到……
3.be designed t d sth 旨在做某事
难句
分析
If parents are nt prviding advice n many essential life tasks,yu’re left with these classes picking up what yu shuld have gained.
分析:本句为主从复合句。If parents are nt prviding advice n many essential life tasks为if引导的条件状语从句;what yu shuld have gained为what引导的宾语从句。
译文:如果父母没有就许多基本的生活技能提供指导,那么你就只能在这些课程中学习你本应该学习的东西。
高频
词汇
1.capability n.能力 2.beneficial adj.有益的
3.exhaustin n.力竭4.transplant v.移植
5.address v.解决(问题)
熟词
生义
advanced (生) adj.高龄的 (熟) adj.先进的
witness (生) v.表现出(某种特性) (熟) v.目击
重点
短语
in the meantime 在此期间,同时
难句
分析
A team frm Rutgers New Jersey Medical Schl fund that mice lacking a specific gene develped an unusually pwerful frm f brwn fat tissue,which imprved lngevity and increased exercise capability by apprximately 30%.
分析:本句为主从复合句。that mice lacking a specific gene develped an unusually pwerful frm f brwn fat tissue 为that引导的宾语从句;which imprved lngevity and increased exercise capability by apprximately 30%为which引导的非限制性定语从句。
译文:罗格斯新泽西医学院的一个研究小组发现,缺乏一种特定基因的老鼠产生了一种异常强大的棕色脂肪组织,这种脂肪组织能延长它们的寿命,并使其运动能力提高约30%。
高频
词汇
1.cute adj.可爱的
2.distinctive adj.独特的,与众不同的
3.quest n.寻求,探求
熟词
生义
decline (生) n.衰退 (熟) n.下降 v.谢绝
present (生) vt.提供(机会) (熟)vt.呈现
重点
短语
1.n large scales 大规模地
2.in stre fr 将会迎来;即将发生在……身上
难句
分析
Nt nly d they lk yuthful,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics,but these critically endangered Mexican species als experience few physical declines and diseases,and they can regenerate their limbs,tails,and even ther rgans ver their 21-year lifespan.
分析:本句为并列句。Nt als...连接并列结构,with feathery structures and distinctive characteristics为插入语。and 连接第三个并列分句。
译文:它们不仅外表年轻(拥有羽状结构和独特特征),这种极度濒危的墨西哥物种还几乎不经历生理衰退和疾病,并能在21年的寿命中再生四肢、尾巴甚至其他器官。