2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练6 议论文（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练6 议论文（含解析），共9页。
难度:★★★☆☆限时:7分钟
One wet Nvember evening in the late 1960s,a married cuple named Maurice and Maralyn Bailey — he a ht-metal typesetter,she a tax fficer — hit n the idea f escaping their dull,suburban lives by sailing t New Zealand.With the prceeds frm the sale f their Derby bungalw,they bught a 31-ft Bermuda bat,which they named Auralyn(a cmbinatin f their names).They finally set sail acrss the Atlantic in June 1972 — having decided against buying a radi transmitter(信号发射机),as Maurice wanted t sail “by his wits and the stars”.
All went well fr the first nine mnths,but then ne mrning,300 miles east f the Galápags,a 40-ft whale rse up under their bat and cracked a hle in its hull.As Sphie Elmhirst relates in her “superb” debut,Maurice and Maralyn,the cuple grabbed a few essentials and climbed nt an inflatable raft(充气筏) frm which they watched Auralyn being “silently swallwed”.On this inadequate vessel — t small fr either f them t lie dwn in — they wuld spend the next 117 days.
At the heart f Maurice and Maralyn is an “astnishing” tale f endurance.Once the cuple’s fd ran ut,they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks,caught with a fishing rd made frm safety pins and crd.Dysentery(痢疾),dehydratin,and near-starvatin fllwed.While Maurice,a “glass-half-empty type f man”,quietly resigned himself t dying,Maralyn remained ptimistic,which sparked Maurice’s will t live.The cuple were eventually picked up by a ship passing by.
Alng with its “man-versus-the-elements survival aspect”,Elmhirst’s bk is “als a lve stry”,said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times.She traces the cuple’s marriage — bth hw it led them int their Pacific adventure,and hw it was changed by what they went thrugh.It’s a remarkable stry that has been all but frgtten.
1.What’s the meaning f the underlined wrd “prceeds” in paragraph 1?
A.Purchases. B.Expenses.
C.Gains.D.Cntracts.
2.What d we knw abut the cuple’s sail?
A.They used a radi transmitter fr the first nine mnths.
B.They abandned the raft damaged by a whale.
C.Starvatin fllwed when the bat sank.
D.Survival skills cntributed t their survival.
3.What was Maurice like accrding t paragraph 3?
A.Pessimistic.B.Ambitius.
C.Mdest.D.Uncnfident.
4.What kind f writing is the text?
A.A news reprt.B.A bk review.
C.A jurnal.D.A bigraphy.
Passage 2(2025福建福州四模)
主题:语言模型词数:331
难度:★★★★☆限时:8分钟
Large language mdels (LLMs) seem better at making peple feel seen and heard than humans.This phenmenn,called “LLMpathy”,is bth surprising and cntrversial.Sme argue that cmputers can’t truly empathize(共情) fr lack f emtin.Others are alarmed by hw readily peple are trading human cnnectin fr digital nes.But beynd these cncerns,chatbts might ffer smething mre practical.If they are beating us at empathy,shuldn’t we try t learn what they are ding,right?
Researchers initially wndered if AI’s advantage lay in its unlimited attentin.But that desn’t seem t explain it.A 2024 research in Harvard Business Schl revealed that peple’s expressin f empathy,despite increased cmmitments,still fell shrt cmpared t thse by ChatGPT.
Chatbts’ success may cme frm aviding all-t-human mistakes.Chatbts’ respnses std ut mainly because they fcused n acknwledging feelings,unlike humans,wh ften shared a seemingly related experience t ffer slutins,unintentinally damaging the hpe f being truly heard.
Chatbts avid these pitfalls.They fcus entirely n the speaker.Mre than humans,chatbts paraphrase,acknwledge,and justify hw peple might feel.When peple adpt similar strategies,their cnnectins strengthen.
It bears nting that the AI advantage in empathetic cnversatins has limits.Its “paraphrase,acknwledge,and justify” apprach may feel warm initially but dull the secnd.Mst research tests peple’s interactins with Chatbts just nce,s AI’s edge might fade in lnger,repetitive chats.
Chatbts might be helpful,but they still can’t feel r truly care.The demand fr AI therapists(理疗师) may be grwing,but many peple still prefer human supprt.Anyne wh has repeated “agent” at a custmer-service rbt knws the feeling f desperately wanting a real persn n the line.Sme f the shrtcmings f human cnnectin are als,in fact,features.But the fact that we ften must earn human empathy,and that it cmes frm limited beings wh devte themselves t being there fr us,is part f its beauty.
5.Why des AI ften utperfrm humans at shwing empathy?
A.It has unlimited patience.
B.It shares related experience.
C.It fcuses n peple’s feelings.
D.It priritizes slving prblems.
6.What des the underlined wrd “pitfalls” in paragraph 4 prbably mean?
A.Respnses.B.Shrtcmings.
C.Experiences.D.Feelings.
7.What can we learn frm the last paragraph?
A.Human care is irreplaceable.
B.In-persn chats have limits.
C.Service lines benefit humans.
D.Emtin is enhanced by AI.
8.Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A.Chatbts:The New Emtinal Supprt
B.The Duble-Edged Swrd f Chatbts
C.The Rising Demand fr AI Therapists
D.Learn t Be a Listener like Chatbts
Passage 3 (2025山西晋城二模)
主题:略读和精读词数:312
难度:★★★★☆限时:7分钟
In recent years,sme experts suggest that reading n screens has led t mre and mre skim reading,since mst digital texts tend t be relatively shrt.Sme f them are even wrried abut the lss f ur ability t engage mre deeply with lng texts.
S,is there a “right” way t read?
“There’s a lt f discussin whether scial media has srt f destryed ur ability t pay attentin,” says Daniel Willingham,a psychlgist at the University f Virginia.“Nne f us knws,because this is a very difficult research prblem.”
Willingham therizes that ur changing reading habits are likely nt because ur attentin is degraded.Otherwise,that wuld have huge effects n ur ther abilities,like memry.But because the Internet prvides an pprtunity fr endless entertainment,ur willingness t fcus n a text might be decreasing.He is ptimistic that mst peple can learn these clse reading skills with practice.
“In sme ways,fcusing n the same thing fr a lng time is nt necessarily a natural state,” Willingham explains.“Our mind wants t sample different things and see what’s ging n in ur envirnment.Therefre,it might nt be helpful t put skimming and clse reading against each ther,but rather t understand that bth are imprtant t learn,especially when we have huge amunts f infrmatin available at ur fingertips.”
Skimming — where we skip ver wrds and sectins t grasp the main idea f a text—is a cmmn reading strategy.Skimming is sufficient fr mst beach reads,fr example,which dn’t require us t recall details f a scene.
Our familiarity with the type f text als influences the strategy we use t read.If we have read a lt f mystery nvels,we may get used t the structure f the text and thus be able t skim sectins and still get what’s ging n.
9.Why have ur reading habits changed accrding t sme experts?
A.We can’t cncentrate n lng texts anymre.
B.Our pprtunity fr entertainment is endless.
C.We have t much infrmatin t absrb.
D.Our willingness t fcus n a text is decreasing.
10.What des Daniel Willingham say abut the tw reading strategies?
A.Bth f them shuld be learned with practice.
B.They are destrying ur ability t pay attentin.
C.Clse reading is nt necessarily a better strategy.
D.Skim reading is mre imprtant in the digital age.
11.What is the authr’s attitude t skim reading?
A.Disapprving.B.Dubtful.
C.Favrable.D.Unclear.
12.What is the best title fr the text?
A.Shrt Digital Texts Are Destrying Our Ability t Cncentrate!
B.Shuld We Put Skimming and Clse Reading Against Each Other?
C.Can Our Ability t Engage Mre Deeply With Lng Texts Be Recvered?
D.Be Aware f the Huge Amunts f Infrmatin Available in Our Daily Life!
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要评论了有关莫里斯和玛丽莲·贝利夫妇航海遇险、靠生存技能求生和其婚姻的故事的一本书。
1.C 词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“With the prceeds frm the sale f their Derby bungalw,they bught a 31-ft Bermuda bat,which they named Auralyn (a cmbinatin f their names).”可知,此处prceeds指的是卖房的收入,即“收益”,与Gains“收益”意思相符。
易错点拨:本题易错选B项。虽然“expenses”(开支)与金钱相关,但原文语境明确提到这对夫妇卖掉了房子(“sale f their Derby bungalw”),并用这笔钱购买了船只。因此,“prceeds”应指销售所得的收入,而非支出。B项与文意相反。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Once the cuple’s fd ran ut,they survived in the raft by eating raw sea turtles and small sharks,caught with a fishing rd made frm safety pins and crd.”可知,他们运用自己制作鱼竿捕鱼等生存技能得以存活下来,说明生存技能有助于他们的生存。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“While Maurice,a ‘glass-half-empty type f man’,quietly resigned himself t dying,Maralyn remained ptimistic,which sparked Maurice’s will t live.” 可知,莫里斯是个悲观的人。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Alng with its ‘man-versus-the-elements survival aspect’,Elmhirst’s bk is ‘als a lve stry’,said Francesca Angelini in The Sunday Times.”可知,本文是对埃尔姆赫斯特所写关于莫里斯和玛丽莲·贝利夫妇航海遇险求生经历书籍的评论。
提分干货
Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕大型语言模型(LLMs)在共情能力上似乎优于人类这一现象展开讨论,提出了“LLMpathy”这一概念,并分析了这一现象背后的原因、争议以及其实际意义。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段内容以及第四段中的“They fcus entirely n the speaker.Mre than humans,chatbts paraphrase,acknwledge,and justify hw peple might feel.”可知,因为人工智能关注的是人们的感受,所以在表现同理心方面往往胜过人类。
6.B 词句猜测题。根据第三段内容可知,聊天机器人它们专注于承认感受,而不像人类经常分享看似相关的经历来提供解决方案,这无意中破坏了人们真正被倾听的希望。因此,画线词所在句应指聊天机器人避免了这些缺点。由此可推知,pitfalls应是“缺点”之意,和B项意思相近。
7.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知,聊天机器人可能会有所帮助,但它们仍然无法感受或真正关心。对人工智能治疗师的需求可能正在增长,但许多人仍然更喜欢人类的支持。由此可推知,从本段我们能了解到人类的关怀是不可替代的。
8.D 标题归纳题。根据全文内容可知,本文主要讲述了大型语言模型(LLMs)在共情能力上似乎优于人类,应该学习他们。所以D项“学会像聊天机器人一样倾听”是本文最好的标题。故选D项。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然文章提到聊天机器人在共情表达上的优势(如“LLMpathy”),但全文并非单纯赞扬其情感支持能力,而是辩证地分析其局限性(如重复对话中的机械感、无法真正关怀等),并最终呼吁人类学习其倾听技巧。A项片面地强调“情感支持”,忽略了文章的批判视角和核心建议。
提分干货
Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍的是数字化时代略读和精读两种阅读策略的特点及其关系,并探讨了如何平衡两者的使用。
9.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Sme f them are even wrried abut the lss f ur ability t engage mre deeply with lng texts.”可知,我们的阅读习惯改变是因为我们无法再专注于长篇文本。故选A项。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Willingham therizes that ur changing reading habits are likely nt because ur attentin is degraded.Otherwise,that wuld have huge effects n ur ther abilities,like memry.”以及第五段中的“Therefre,it might nt be helpful t put skimming and clse reading against each ther,but rather t understand that bth are imprtant t learn,especially when we have huge amunts f infrmatin available at ur fingertips.”可知,Daniel Willingham认为,不应将略读和精读对立起来,而是要认识到两者都很重要。由此可推知,他认为精读并不一定是更好的策略。故选C项。
11.C 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Skimming — where we skip ver wrds and sectins t grasp the main idea f a text—is a cmmn reading strategy.”以及最后一段中的“If we have read a lt f mystery nvels,we may get used t the structure f the text and thus be able t skim sectins and still get what’s ging n.”可知,作者认为略读是一种常见的阅读策略,有时略读某些部分但仍能理解故事的发展。由此可推知,作者对略读持支持态度。故选C项。
12.B 标题归纳题。根据全文内容,特别是第二段“S,is there a ‘right’ way t read?”以及第五段中的“Therefre,it might nt be helpful t put skimming and clse reading against each ther,but rather t understand that bth are imprtant t learn”可知,文章围绕略读与精读展开讨论,强调不应将两者对立,而是应认识到它们各自的重要性,略读与细读本身没有好坏之分。所以题目“我们是否应该将略读与精读对立起来?”概括了文章的主题,适合作为最佳标题。故选B项。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然文章开头提到一些专家担心屏幕阅读导致浅阅读(skim reading),但下文通过心理学家Willingham的观点明确否定了“注意力被破坏”的结论(“ur changing reading habits are likely nt because ur attentin is degraded”),并强调两种阅读方式(略读与精读)各有价值。A项片面地放大开篇的担忧,与文章辩证立场矛盾。
提分干货
高频
词汇
1.grab vt.抓住
2.inadequate adj.不充分的;不够好的
3.raw adj.生的
4.ptimistic adj.乐观的
熟词
生义
1.relate (生)v.叙述 (熟)v.联系
2.essential (生)n.必需品 (熟)adj.必不可少的;非常重要的
重点
短语
1.hit n 突然想到 2.set sail 启航
3.run ut 用完
4.resign neself t 使顺从;使听任(摆布);使甘心(忍受)
5.pass by 经过6.alng with 和……一起
7.all but 几乎
难句
分析
As Sphie Elmhirst relates in her “superb” debut,Maurice and Maralyn,the cuple grabbed a few essentials and climbed nt an inflatable raft (充气筏) frm which they watched Auralyn being “silently swallwed”.
分析:本句为主从复合句。As Sphie Elmhirst relates in her “superb” debut,Maurice and Maralyn为as引导的状语从句;frm which they watched Auralyn being “silently swallwed”为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词raft。
译文:正如索菲·埃尔姆赫斯特在她的精彩处女作《莫里斯与玛丽莲》中所述,这对夫妇抓了些必需品爬上一只充气筏,眼睁睁看着“奥瑞琳”号被“无声吞没”。
高频
词汇
1.phenmenn n.现象
2.cntrversial adj.有争议的;引发争论的
3.initially adv.开始;最初
4.acknwledge vt.承认
熟词
生义
desperately (生) adv. 极其 (熟) adv. 绝望地;拼命地
重点
短语
1.fr lack f 因缺乏
2.cmpared t 和……相比
3.devte neself t 致力于
难句
分析
But the fact that we ften must earn human empathy,and that it cmes frm limited beings wh devte themselves t being there fr us,is part f its beauty.
分析:本句为主从复合句。that we ften must earn human empathy,and that it cmes frm limited beings为并列的that引导的同位语从句,说明fact的内容;wh devte themselves t being there fr us为wh引导的定语从句。
译文:但我们往往需要赢得他人的共情,且这份共情来自那些能力有限却仍全心陪伴我们的人类——这恰恰是其动人之处。
高频
词汇
1.relatively adv.相对地 2.entertainment n.娱乐
3.decrease v.下降4.sufficient adj.足够的;充分的
5.familiarity n. 熟悉
熟词
生义
mystery (生) n.悬疑小说 (熟) adj.神秘的
重点
短语
1.srt f 在一定程度上;有点儿
2.huge amunts f 大量的
3.skip ver 跳过
难句
分析
If we have read a lt f mystery nvels,we may get used t the structure f the text and thus be able t skim sectins and still get what’s ging n.
分析:本句为主从复合句。If we have read a lt f mystery nvels为if引导的条件状语从句;what’s ging n为what引导的宾语从句。
译文:如果我们读了很多推理小说,我们可能会习惯文本的结构,因此能够略读章节,仍然能了解其中的内容。