2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练5 说明文之新概念类（含解析）

这是一份2026届高三英语二轮复习训练：阅读理解 文体分类练5 说明文之新概念类（含解析），共10页。
难易度:★★★★☆限时:7分钟
Imagine trying t cnvince smene with facts that challenge their lng-held pinin,nly t find them dismissing r prcessing the infrmatin.This is belief perseverance at wrk.Interestingly,these beliefs dn’t necessarily stem frm persnal experience;fr instance,children might believe “all lawyers are untrustwrthy” merely because an lder sibling said s,and then ignre any trustwrthy lawyers they encunter later,categrizing them as exceptins.
Often cnfused with cnfirmatin bias,belief perseverance is distinct.While cnfirmatin bias invlves seeking ut infrmatin that supprts ne’s precnceptins,belief perseverance is abut actively rejecting evidence that culd disprve thse beliefs,building a psychlgical barrier arund ne’s existing views.
This bias emerges in multiple frms.In terms f self-perceptin,smene might persistently view themselves as bad at public speaking despite receiving applause fr presentatins,attributing success t luck.Scially,initial judgments can linger:assuming a reserved classmate is unfriendly,even after friendly interactins.Scietally,steretypes abut grups — be it racial,gender-based,r plitical — frequently endure,resisting factual cunter arguments.
Research backs this up.In ne study,students given false feedback n analyzing suicide ntes cntinued t believe in their “accuracy” r “inaccuracy” even after learning the feedback was fabricated(伪造的).Anther experiment shwed that beliefs cnnecting risk-taking t firefighting effectiveness persisted,regardless f discredited supprting data.
Several psychlgical factrs cntribute t belief perseverance.The availability heuristic(启发法) makes peple rely n easily recalled examples,like assuming all dctrs are impatient after ne negative encunter.Illusry crrelatin creates false assciatins,such as linking a team’s lss t the clr f their unifrms.Selective attentin further reinfrces bias,as individuals tend t ntice evidence that cnfirms their beliefs while verlking cntradictry signs.
Overcming this bias requires self-awareness.Strategies like cunter-explanatin — prmpting individuals t cnsider reasns fr ppsing beliefs — can aid in relaxing the grip f firmly established mindsets.While cmplete remval may be unrealistic,recgnizing belief perseverance is a crucial step twards mre bjective thinking in a wrld filled with infrmatin.
1.What is belief perseverance mainly abut?
A.Seeking infrmatin actively.
B.Accepting new evidence easily.
C.Checking exceptins frequently.
D.Sticking t beliefs despite prf.
2.Hw des belief perseverance differ frm cnfirmatin bias?
A.It seeks supprtive facts.
B.It changes views quickly.
C.It dismisses different ideas.
D.It relies n persnal stries.
3.Which f the fllwing shws belief perseverance?
A.A student favrs a teacher’s praise.
B.Smene assumes the wrst after wins.
C.Peple fllw ppular pinins.
D.A child believes in parents’ advice.
4.What helps fight belief perseverance?
A.Ignring all ppsing thughts.
B.Trusting first impressins deeply.
C.Cnsidering reasns frm anther angle.
D.Relying n past successful experiences.
Passage 2(2025山东潍坊二模)
主题:自我概念惰性 词数:362
难度:★★★★☆限时:7分钟
Have yu ever fund yurself really wanting t change yet smehw remaining stuck in the same patterns?The answer might nt be in yur behavirs,but in yur beliefs — specifically,the beliefs yu have abut yurself and wh yu are.This is what psychlgists call self-cncept inertia(惰性).
Self-cncept inertia is the psychlgical resistance t changing ur identity.Our self-cncept is influenced by ur narrative identity,which is made up f the stries we tell abut urselves.These narratives can g beynd simply describing wh we are tday — they can restrict us frm being wh we believe we’re capable f becming in the future.This means that even if we want t change,as lng as we hld nt ur ld identities,we’ll unintentinally resist making the changes we knw we need t make t becme the “new” versin f urselves.
Our self-cncept desn’t yield easily,even t ur cnscius desires.When yur behavirs cntradict yur self-image,yu experience a state f psychlgical discmfrt.Fr example,if yu’ve always seen yurself as “nt a mrning persn”,successfully waking up at 5 tensin with yur established identity.S yur brain has tw ptins:Update yur self-cncept(hard) r abandn the new behavir(easier).As Carl Dweck discusses in her bk Mindset:The New Psychlgy f Success,peple with “fixed mindsets” tend t avid challenges that might cntradict their self-cncept.
Yet yur self-cncept is malleable by design.Ntice when yu use a phrase like “I’m just nt a persn”.The abslute statement signals that few changes will happen.Instead f “I’m nt an rganized persn”(identity),try “I haven’t develped strng rganizatinal systems yet”(behavir).Identity statements feel permanent,but behavir statements feel changeable.Identifying these habits als gives yu insight int a slutin yu can practice and imprve.
Self-cncept inertia weakens when we hld ur identities lightly.When we see urselves as wrks in prgress rather than finished prducts,we create the psychlgical space needed fr genuine transfrmatin.The questin isn’t whether yu can change — it’s whether yu’re willing t let g f familiar limitatins t discver what lies beynd them.
5.Hw des ur narrative identity affect us?
A.It defines ur better future.
B.It changes ur self-cncept.
C.It limits ur behavir chices.
D.It imprves ur previus selves.
6.What des the example f waking up at 5
A.The difficulty in getting rid f tensin.
B.The benefits f becming an early riser.
C.The cnflict between behavir and self-identity.
D.The imprtance f fllwing a strict daily rutine.
7.What des the underlined wrd “malleable” mean in paragraph 4?
A.Predictable. B.Available.
C.Sustainable.D.Adjustable.
8.What des the authr advise peple t d?
A.Make perfect prducts.
B.Avid labelling yurself.
C.Mnitr psychlgical changes.
D.Attach imprtance t self-image.
Passage 3(2025江西鹰潭二模)
主题:意识起源 词数:366
难度:★★★★☆限时:7分钟
With 86 billin neurns(神经元) and 100 trillin cnnectins between them,ur brain gives us ur capacity fr free will — ur cnsciusness.Cnsciusness is difficult t describe,and scientists still debate hw it arises.In Then I Am Myself the Wrld,neurscientist Christ f Kch ffers the latest entry int the lng list f bks attempting t uncver the rigins f ur inner lives.While the tpic can be a head-scratcher,Kch’s use f cmparisns and entertaining stries makes the bk an interesting and surprisingly light read.
Kch challenges sme cmmn understandings f cnsciusness,in which the brain is like a cmputer,where cnsciusness is sftware that’s prgrammed int the hardware f ur neurns.This cncept,he writes,dminates many mvies where humans are similar t self-aware rbts like Rachael in Blade Runner.
Instead f separating sftware and hardware,Kch argues that the brain is the structure f cnsciusness,which is the idea he draws frm the integrated infrmatin thery,r IIT,a cnsciusness mdel first prpsed by neurscientist Giuli Tnni in the early 2000s.It suggests that cnsciusness is the act f a brain’s system f neurns integrating sensry,emtinal,and cgnitive infrmatin,and because f this,the neurns’ electrchemical activity can influence cnscius experiences.In turn,cnsciusness can affect brain netwrks because what we feel r remember impacts these netwrks in real time.
Besides,Kch argues cnsciusness is nt limited t the human brain and is present in ther animals,t.Hwever,while bth humans and ther animals experience cnsciusness,the scpe f that cnsciusness differs.“Fr dgs,they dn’t wrry abut what’s ging t happen next weekend,but they have states f pain and jy.S humans,whse brain netwrks have the highest knwn level f intercnnectivity,have mre expanded cnsciusness than dgs,” Kch says.
Althugh AI learns mre infrmatin and perfrms mre difficult tasks,Kch says,it still cannt reach human-level cnsciusness.A cmputer’s netwrk f transistrs,which cntrls the flw f electrical signals within the machine,desn’t have the pwer necessary t give rise t human-level cnsciusness.Each transistr cnnects t nly a handful f ther transistrs,whereas ne neurn can interact with thusands f thers.
9.What des the underlined part “a head-scratcher” prbably mean in paragraph 1?
A.Cntrversial.B.Puzzling.
C.Inspiring.D.Straightfrward.
10.What can be implied frm the integrated infrmatin thery?
A.The mind-brain cnnectin is interactive.
B.Cnsciusness is a byprduct f brain activity.
C.The neurns’ functins are always verestimated.
D.Cnsciusness can be preprgrammed int the brain.
11.Why des Kch cmpare humans and dgs when discussing cnsciusness?
A.T cnfirm that animals have basic cnsciusness.
B.T claim human cnsciusness is still evlving.
C.T argue that humans and animals share similar neural cmplexity.
D.T shw that cnsciusness varies with neural intercnnectivity.
12.What makes AI fail t replace the human brain accrding t Kch?
A.The mechanical cntrl f electrical signals.
B.The prgressin f the human brain.
C.The limitatin f cmputer hardware.
D.The inability t chse cnscius experiences.
答案：
Passage 1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了信念固执这一现象,包括其定义、与确认偏误的区别、表现形式、研究实例、成因以及应对方法。
1.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Imagine trying t cnvince smene with facts that challenge their lng-held pinin,nly t find them dismissing r prcessing the infrmatin.This is belief perseverance at wrk.”以及第二段中的“While cnfirmatin bias invlves seeking ut infrmatin that supprts ne’s precnceptins,belief perseverance is abut actively rejecting evidence that culd disprve thse beliefs,building a psychlgical barrier arund ne’s existing views.”可知,信念固执指的是尽管有证据证明自己的信念有误,却仍然坚持自己的信念。
2.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While cnfirmatin bias invlves seeking ut infrmatin that supprts ne’s precnceptins,belief perseverance is abut actively rejecting evidence that culd disprve thse beliefs,building a psychlgical barrier arund ne’s existing views.”可知,信念固执与确认偏误的区别在于,信念固执会拒绝不同的想法,而确认偏误会寻求支持性事实。
3.B 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“In terms f self-perceptin,smene might persistently view themselves as bad at public speaking despite receiving applause fr presentatins,attributing success t luck.”可知,信念固执在自我认知方面的表现是,尽管在演讲中获得了掌声,但有人可能会一直认为自己不擅长公开演讲,将成功归因于运气,即有人可能在取得成功后仍然往最坏处想。
易错点拨:本题易错选D项。虽然孩子相信父母的建议可能涉及对权威的信任,但这不直接体现“信念固执”(belief perseverance)。信念固执的核心是顽固拒绝相反证据,而D项未体现孩子面对反驳信息时的坚持。
4.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Overcming this bias requires self-awareness.Strategies like cunter-explanatin — prmpting individuals t cnsider reasns fr ppsing beliefs — can aid in relaxing the grip f firmly established mindsets.”可知,考虑反对信念的原因有助于克服信念固执。
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Passage 2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我概念惰性这一心理现象,即人们心理上抗拒改变自我身份,阐述了叙事身份对我们的影响,以及如何应对自我概念惰性。
5.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Our self-cncept is influenced by ur narrative ’ll unintentinally resist making the changes we knw we need t make t becme the ‘new’ versin f urselves.”可知,叙事身份不仅描述当下的我们,还会限制我们成为我们认为自己未来有能力成为的人,也就是限制我们的行为选择。
6.C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When yur behavirs cntradict yur self- yur self-cncept (hard) r abandn the new behavir (easier).”可知,当行为与自我形象冲突时,大脑面临更新自我概念 (困难) 或放弃新行为 (容易) 的选择。由此可推知,以早上5点起床为例,是为了说明行为与自我身份之间的冲突。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然原文提到早起行为会导致心理不适(psychlgical discmfrt),但该例子旨在说明行为与自我认知的冲突(“when yur behavirs cntradict yur self-image”),而非强调“消除不适的难度”。A项偏离了例子的核心论证目标。
7.D 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Ntice when yu use a phrase like ‘I’m just nt a persn’.The abslute statement signals that few changes will happen.Instead f ‘I’m nt an rganized persn’(identity),try ‘I haven’t develped strng rganizatinal systems yet’(behavir).Identity statements feel permanent,but behavir statements feel changeable.”可知,作者建议把身份表述,如“我不是一个有条理的人”,转化为行为表述,如“我还没有建立起强大的组织体系”。因为身份表述感觉是固定的,而行为表述感觉是可以改变的,这表明自我概念是可以改变的,也就是具有可调整性的。因此,malleable的意思是“可调整的”。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第四段内容和最后一段中的“When we see urselves as wrks in prgress rather than finished prducts,we create the psychlgical space needed fr genuine transfrmatin.The questin isn’t whether yu can change — it’s whether yu’re willing t let g f familiar limitatins t discver what lies beynd them.”可知,作者建议人们不要用绝对的身份表述来限制自己,而应该用可改变的行为表述,并且把自己看作是正在进行中的作品,也就是不要给自己贴标签。
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Passage 3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了Christ f Kch关于意识起源的理论,尤其是整合信息理论(IIT)。
9.B 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Cnsciusness is difficult t describe,and scientists still debate hw it arises.”可推知,意识研究是复杂且令人困惑的。故画线词的意思是“令人困惑的”。
10.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“It suggests that cnsciusness is the act f a brain’s system f neurns integrating sensry,emtinal,and cgnitive infrmatin,and because f this,the neurns’ electrchemical activity can influence cnscius experiences.In turn,cnsciusness can affect brain netwrks because what we feel r remember impacts these netwrks in real time.”可推知,整合信息理论暗示大脑和意识之间的联系是相互的。
11.D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘Fr dgs,they dn’t wrry abut what’s ging t happen next weekend,but they have states f pain and jy.S humans,whse brain netwrks have the highest knwn level f intercnnectivity,have mre expanded cnsciusness than dgs,’ Kch says.”可推知,Kch在讨论意识时比较人类和狗是为了表明意识随着神经互联性的不同而不同。
易错点拨:本题易错选A项。虽然Kch确实提到动物(如狗)具有意识(“cnsciusness is present in ther animals”),但比较人类与狗的核心目的并非单纯“确认动物有意识”,而是为了对比意识范围的差异(“the scpe f that cnsciusness differs”),并强调这种差异源于神经网络的互联程度(“brain netwrks have the highest knwn level f intercnnectivity”)。因此,A项仅捕捉到表面信息,未触及比较的深层意图。
12.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“A cmputer’s netwrk f transistrs,which cntrls the flw f electrical signals within the machine,desn’t have the pwer necessary t give rise t human-level cnsciusness.Each transistr cnnects t nly a handful f ther transistrs,whereas ne neurn can interact with thusands f thers.”可知,在Kch看来,计算机硬件的限制让人工智能无法取代人类的大脑。
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高频
词汇
1.cnvince vt.使信服 2.encunter v.偶遇,邂逅
3.distinct adj.截然不同的4.evidence n.证据
5.barrier n.障碍6.multiple adj.多种的
7.resist vt.抵制
8.assciatin n.联想
9.cntradictry adj.相互矛盾的
10.remval n.去除
熟词
生义
prcess (生) vt. 处理 (熟)n.过程
重点
短语
1.fr instance 例如
2.be cnfused with 与……混淆
3.invlve ding sth 包括做某事
4.in terms f 就……而言;在……方面
把……归因于……
6.regardless f 不顾;不管
难句
分析
Imagine trying t cnvince smene with facts that challenge their lng-held pinin,nly t find them dismissing r prcessing the infrmatin.
分析:本句为主从复合句。that challenge their lng-held pinin为that引导的定语从句;nly t find them dismissing r prcessing the infrmatin为动词不定式短语在句中作结果状语。
译文:试想一下,当你用事实去挑战某人长期持有的观点时,却发现他们要么直接无视这些信息,要么以某种方式将其“消化处理”。
高频
词汇
1.specifically adv.具体来说;确切地说
2.resistance n.抵抗 3.identity n.身份
4.restrict vt.限制5.cnscius adj.有意识的
6.desire n.欲望7.cntradict adj.相抵触;相矛盾
8.genuine adj.真正的9.transfrmatin n. 转变
重点
短语
1.be capable f ding sth 有能力做某事
2.hld nt 保住
3.in prgress 在进行中
4. let g f放弃
难句
分析
This means that even if we want t change,as lng as we hld nt ur ld identities,we’ll unintentinally resist making the changes we knw we need t make t becme the “new” versin f urselves.
分析:本句为主从复合句。 that引导宾语从句,even if we want t change 为even if引导的让步状语从句,as lng as we hld nt ur ld identities为as lng as引导的条件状语从句, we knw we need t make t becme the “new” versin f urselves为定语从句,修饰先行词changes。
译文:这意味着即便我们渴望改变,只要仍固守旧的自我认知,就会不自觉地抗拒那些明知必须做出的、能让我们成为“新版”自己的改变。
高频
词汇
1.capacity n.能力 2.arise vi.产生;出现
3.rigin n.起源4.entertaining adj.有趣的
5.dminate vt.主宰;支配6.expand vt. 扩展
重点
短语
1.attempt t d sth 企图做某事
2.in turn反过来
3.interact with与……互动
难句
分析
Kch challenges sme cmmn understandings f cnsciusness,in which the brain is like a cmputer,where cnsciusness is sftware that’s prgrammed int the hardware f ur neurns.
分析:本句为主从复合句。in which the brain is like a cmputer是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词cnsciusness;where cnsciusness is sftware为where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词cmputer;that’s prgrammed int the hardware f ur neurns为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词sftware。
译文:Kch挑战了关于意识的一些普遍认知——这些认知将大脑比作计算机,而意识则是被编程植入我们神经元硬件的软件。