高考英语二轮讲义阅读表达（解析版）- （北京专用）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义阅读表达（解析版）- （北京专用），共22页。学案主要包含了题型诠释，高考真题，2024北京卷，40题详解，41题详解，42题详解，43题详解，2023北京卷等内容，欢迎下载使用。

阅读表达题是2021年北京高考新增题型。本题要求阅读完一篇文章(300词左右，但模拟考试题文章篇幅略长一些)，文体不限(2021年为说明文，2022年为记叙文，2023年为说明文)，回答4道小题，包括细节信息题、改错题和开放写作题。
命题特点及考查点
第1,2小题通常为获取事实信息题，主要考查学生获取语篇中重要信息，并根据问题组织语言做出精准、简洁的回答。
第3小题是判断正误及解释题。本题需要学生将错误信息部分下划线并进行解释。本题考查点在于判断理解、解释，语言表达及逻辑连贯方面的能力。
第4小题为开放写作题，分值为5分，要求学生写一段40词左右的文段，就某一问题进行阐述或发表观点。本小题不仅考查考生把握文章作者观点以及运用语言发表观点、反映情感态度和价值观的能力，对考生的文章理解、观点输出和语言表达能力也提出了较大挑战，是考生普遍感到困难的一道题。
阅读表达题,阅读是基础,表达是关键。所以在表达时,首先要注意以下原则:
(1)在答题时,总的原则是:能简略回答,尽量简略回答。
(2)书写要规范。句子开头首字母要大写;标点符号要规范,并且要使用正确;单词拼写要正确无误;单词书写要认真。
(3)做出适当调整。在回答时,同学们应对照题目,根据需要对句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓搭配等做出适当调整。
其次,审题时要注意两个方面:
(1)看清提问方式。要分清是一般疑问句、选择疑问句还是特殊疑问句。
(2)要辨别问题类型。阅读表达主要分为细节理解题、主旨大意题、信息归纳题以及开放性问答题。考生需判断五道试题属于以上哪类问题,再通过不同的阅读策略高效获取信息,从而得到答案。
题型01 细节理解题
【题型诠释】
细节理解题是原文提到了某事物、现象或理论,题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。这类题在原文中可直接找到答案,常用一般疑问句、选择疑问句以及由wh, what, where, when, why和hw等引导的特殊疑问句来提问。这类题型的提问方式常为:
D yur eyes need everyday attentin?
When/Where did the stry happen?
Wh put rubbish int different bags?
凡是针对特定事实细节的考题,其正确答案大都可以在阅读材料中找到相应的文字作为验证。回答此类问题一般采取寻读法,即先读题,然后带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子,再进行分析对比,找出答案。
原文:On the first day f schl, ur prfessr intrduced a little ld lady t us.
问题:Wh did the prfessr intrduce n the first day f schl?
思路:通过审题后寻读,考生应回答:A little ld lady.
题型02 主旨大意题
【题型诠释】
主要考查学生概括文章主旨或段落大意的能力,其主要目的是培养学生归纳主要信息的能力。现在初中学生阅读时的普遍问题是文章大意基本能看懂,但缺乏归纳主题和写作目的的能力,而这恰恰是阅读教学的主要目的。
主旨大意题的提问方式通常是:What is the main idea f the passage? /What is the passage mainly abut? /What is the purpse f the writer’s writing the passage? /What des Paragraph 3 mainly tell us? /What des the writer want t tell us?
由于文章的主旨大意通常会出现在首尾段或段落的首尾句,所以回答此类型题一般采用略读法。略读时要特别注意短文的首段、首句或末句,一般文章的主旨大意就在这里。抓住每段中的关键词语,便可以迅速把握短文的主旨以及主要信息的分布,在答题时就心中有数了。
★有些文章主旨大意清晰明了,考生只需从原文中提取信息即可。
原文:Each educatinal system has its wn advantages. Fr example, the Japanese students learn mre math and science than American students by the end f high schl. The advantage f the educatinal system in America is that students learn t think by themselves. The teaching methd makes them mre creative.
问题:What des the writer want t tell us?
思路:通过略读寻找关键句,考生应回答:Each educatinal system has its wn advantages.
★有些文章除了需要把握首尾段或段落首尾关键句之外,考生还要把握全文结构,分清段落层次,从而归纳出主旨大意。
原文:首段末句:But what abut blue fd?
第二段末句:Children still preferred the sweets that were the usual clrs f red, green, brwn, yellw and range.
第三段末句:This is perhaps why we dn’t usually use blue fd clring fr drinks, cakes and ther fd.
第四段首句:Sme peple say we eat with ur eyes.
尾段:S will we ever see blue fds n ur plates? The answer seems t be “n”, at least in cuntries like the UK and the USA.
问题:What is the passage mainly abut?
思路:通过略读寻找首尾段的关键句,并结合人们不喜欢蓝色食物的现象以及原因,考生应总结答案为:Peple dn’t like the blue fd and the reasns.
题型03 信息归纳题
【题型诠释】
要求考生能在短文中找到题目所涉及的事实性细节,并能适当进行归纳表达。在找到相关细节信息之后,有时可照搬原文信息轻松作答,有时还要对事实性信息进行适当整理。解答信息归纳题时,一方面要在对全文理解的基础上采取寻读策略,找到相应的原文信息;另一方面要使用词语的恰当词性。很多学生在考试时就没有注意到词性的要求。因此,做这类题要回答全面,也要表述正确。
原文:I never knew her and nr did I knw what t d, but I was there, saying sme cmfrting wrds t a stranger in pain. I asked her t stand still fr a few minutes. We then lked fr a place fr her t sit. Frm ut f nwhere, her friend jined us.
问题:What did the writer d fr the girl?
思路:通过寻读并整合信息,考生应回答出两点:The writer said sme cmfrting wrds t her and lked fr a place fr her t sit.
题型04 开放性问答题
【题型诠释】
要求考生针对短文中所出现的话题发表个人观点和见解。它没有标准答案,需要考生根据自己的理解和想象答题。但考生的三观要符合主流意识形态,陈述理由时不能脱离原文的背景。
开放性的问题使考生跳出了一定的限制范围,有利于体现创造性思维。考生在平时要多思考生活,关注社会和国内外问题,中考时方可写出具有自己个性、言简意赅且合情合理的句子。
原文:Accrding t an internatinal survey in 2016, yung peple in emerging(新兴的)cuntries like China and India have a greater sense f hpe fr the future, cmpared with thse living in develped areas such as Eurpe, Nrth America and Australia.
…
It was fund that 53% f thse questined in China thught the wrld was becming a better place—the highest amng the cuntries surveyed. Sme f them als felt hpeful abut the future because f the develpment f technlgy.
Hwever, yung peple in France, Italy and Turkey had a pessimistic utlk n the future.
问题:What’s yur pinin f the future? And why?
思路:通过阅读获悉在新兴国家,如中国和印度,年轻人由于技术的进步对未来充满希望,而法国、意大利和土耳其的年轻人则持消极态度。此题虽为开放性题目,但考生应结合自身国籍考虑,参考答案为:I feel hpeful abut the future, because the technlgy is develping quickly.
考生在答完五道试题后,要进行复读审核。要对照短文内容对所写答案进行审核,反复斟酌,做出修正,以减少错误和疏漏。
【高考真题】
【2024北京卷】
Grwing up, I idealised independence. I always wanted my wn effrts t be enugh. When I decided t pursue a pstgraduate degree, I wanted t develp a nvel research prgramme and quickly establish myself as an independent scientist. But I was unrealistically ptimistic abut what I culd achieve.
As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. As a result, the first fur years f my pstgraduate career were defined by a series f failures.
During my secnd year, I failed my cmprehensive exam because my prpsal was unclear. During my third year, I discvered that after treating thusands f seeds, I btained just ne plant I culd use fr experiments. By my furth year, my desperatin t succeed vershadwed my desire fr independence.
My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. I wrked extensively with ther students, cnstantly asked questins, and helped with nging prjects t learn everything I culd. Finally, I cnducted an elegant experiment that wuld nt have been pssible withut the help f the members in the lab.
My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data. By learning when t ask fr help, I eventually fund myself n the way t becming an independent scientist.
40. In the beginning, what drve the authr t push frward with the research plan?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
41. What was the slutin by the adviser and the authr after thse repeated failures?
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
> The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Frm this stry, what can yu learn abut “independence”? (In abut 40 wrds)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
41. The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
42. The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced. It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
43. In the stry success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning than t seek help. (答案言之有理即可)
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者在追求科学研究的独立过程中遇到的挑战、失败、学习和成长的故事。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“As I began designing experiments, my cmmittee members warned me abut the challenges I wuld face. But my need fr independence drve me t push frward with my research plan. (当我开始设计实验时，我的委员会成员警告我，我将面临的挑战。但是我对独立的需求驱使我推进我的研究计划)”可知，一开始，是作者对独立的需求驱使作者推进这个研究计划。故答案为：The need t be recgnized as an independent scientist.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“My adviser and I devised (想出) a smewhat unusual slutin: I wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating (合作的) lab t btain specialised training. (我的导师和我想出了一个有点不同寻常的解决方案：我将在一个合作实验室里待上三个月，接受专门培训)”可知，在反复的失败之后，导师和作者的解决方案是，作者将花三个月的时间在合作实验室接受专门培训。故答案为：The authr wuld spend three mnths in a cllabrating lab t btain specialised training.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据最后一段“My adviser saw this experience as a grundbreaking success, emphasising the cllabrating skills I acquired. A few mnths later, when I repeated the experiment in my hme lab, I prduced mre publishable data.(我的导师认为这段经历是一次开创性的成功，强调了我获得的合作技能。几个月后，当我在家里的实验室里重复这个实验时，我得到了更多可发表的数据)”可知，导师认为作者在实验室的经历是一次开创性的成功，这是因为作者通过与他人合作获得了合作技能，而不是因为产生了可发表的数据。故答案：The adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success because publishable data had been prduced.
It is because the authr had acquired the cllabrating skills by wrking with thers there s that the adviser cnsidered the authr’s experience in the lab a grundbreaking success.
【43题详解】
开放性问题。答案言之有理即可。通读全文可知，作者成为一名独立科学家的成功最终是通过合作、适应性学习和面对挫折的韧性来实现的。从这个故事中，我们了解到，虽然独立最初是理想化的，并被热情地追求，但真正的独立往往包括认识到合作的价值，并学会何时寻求帮助。故答案为：In the stry, success in becming an independent scientist was ultimately achieved thrugh cllabratin, adaptive learning, and resilience in the face f setbacks. Frm the stry, we learn that while independence is initially idealised and pursued passinately, true independence ften invlves recgnizing the value f cllabratin and learning when t seek help.
【2023北京卷】
Habit frmatin is the prcess by which behaviurs becme autmatic. Peple develp cuntless habits as they explre the wrld, whether they are aware f them r nt. Understanding hw habits take shape may be helpful in changing bad habits.
Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. A persn is thught t develp a habit in the curse f pursuing gals by beginning t assciate certain cues(刺激) with behaviural respnses that help meet the gal. Over time, thughts f the behaviur and ultimately the behaviur itself are likely t be triggered(触发) by these cues.
A “habit lp(环)” is a way f describing several related elements that prduce habits. These elements are called the cue, the rutine, and the reward. Fr example, stress culd serve as a cue that ne respnds t by eating, which prduces the reward﹣the reductin f stress. While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.
Old habits can be difficult t shake, and healthy habits are ften harder t develp. But thrugh repetitin, it’s pssible t frm new habits. The amunt f time needed t build a habit will depend n multiple factrs, including the individual and the intended behaviur. While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit. Take sme time t think abut what leads t bad habits and re﹣evaluate what yu get ut f them (r dn’t). Cnsider and keep in mind why yu want t make a change, including hw the change reflects yur values.
40．Hw are habits built?

41．In what way is a rutine different frm a habit?

42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.

43．What benefit(s) have yu gt frm ne f yur gd habits?(In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin. 41．A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge. 42．Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths. 43．I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。习惯的形成是行为自动形成的过程。人们在探索世界的过程中养成了无数的习惯，不管他们是否意识到这些习惯。文章主要说明了习惯是如何形成的以及对人的影响。
40．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.(习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的)”可知，习惯是通过学习和重复建立起来的。故填Habits are built thrugh learning and repetitin.。
41．考查细节理解。根据第三段中“While a rutine invlves repeated behaviur, it’s nt necessarily perfrmed in respnse t a deep﹣rted urge, as a habit is.(虽然一个常规包括重复的行为，但它不一定是为了应对深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，就像习惯一样)”可知，常规不同于习惯在于：常规是重复的行为，而习惯是深度﹣根深蒂固的冲动，故填A rutine invlves repeated behaviur while a habit is a deep﹣rted urge.。
42．考查细节理解。根据最后一段中“While yu are able t pickup a new habit in a few weeks, it takes many mnths t build a healthy habit.(虽然你可以在几周内养成一个新的习惯，但是要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间)”可知，养成一个新的习惯需要好几周，而要养成一个健康的习惯却需要好几个月的时间。所以句子“Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time.”中“a shrter time”错误，应该为many mnths，故填Picking up a new habit takes a few week, while building a healthy habit takes a shrter time. Because building a healthy habit takes many mnths.。
43．开放试题，言之有理即可。题干问“你的一个好习惯给你带来了什么好处？（大约40个字）”，答案可以是：我有早睡早起的好习惯。因此，我可以每天早上精力充沛地学习，这使我学习效率高。而且，我很健康。故填I have a gd habit f ging t bed early and getting up early. Therefre, I can study energetically every mrning, which makes me study efficiently. Als, I am very healthy.。
【2022北京卷】
Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids. He knew there had t be a better prtable drink slutin and decided t innvate frm smething he saw in his wn hme: fruit infused (浸泡) water.
Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin. Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. “I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.
The bttle is made with a strainer (滤网) that allws the great tastes and natural sugars f the varius fruits and vegetables yu chse t cme thrugh the water, withut any f the seeds r skins flwing thrugh.
Tm is prud f his design and excited t be selling the Fun Bttle n his website and in stres, but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).
Tm has been awarded several prizes, but this teenage innvatr remains humble. When asked what advice he’d give ther entrepreneurial yuth, he says, “Prepare and have yur family’s supprt. It is imprtant t knw frm the beginning that there are a lt f highs and lws, and there is n such thing as vernight success.”
40. What did Tm witness at his wn schl?
41. Where did Tm get the idea fr the riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle?
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement then underline it and explain why.
Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
43. Amng Tm’s qualities, which ne(s) d yu think will be imprtant fr us? Why?(In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】
40. Tm witnessed the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids at his wn schl.
41. Tm gt the idea frm bserving his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin.
42. Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG.
Tm dnates part f the prfits t the OHG.
43. I think the quality f perspicacity will be imprtant, because this insight can help us cnstantly find ur wn shrtcmings in ur lives, which in turn can help us imprve urselves.(31)
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述15岁的汤姆看到自己学校的学生喝含糖的饮料，随后发明了一种适合所有年龄的人们可以喝的无糖的健康饮料。
【40.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第一段第一句“Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们大量消费含糖饮料）可知，作为15岁的发明家和创业者，汤姆在学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料。故答案为Tm witnessed the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids at his wn schl.
【41.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句中“Tm watched his mum make healthy fruit infusins ”（汤姆看着他的妈妈制作健康的水果饮料）第二句“ Frm bserving his mum and frm his desire t give kids better drink ptins, he came up with his riginal mdel fr the Fun Bttle. ”（从观察他的母亲和他要给孩子们更好的饮料选择的愿望，他想出了他的原始模型的Fun Bttle）可知，汤姆在观察母亲制作水果饮料的过程中得到启发，才有了Fun Bttle的原始模型。故答案为Tm gt the idea frm bserving his mum make healthy fruit infusins but then struggle fr a take-alng ptin.
【42.【解析】
考查细节理解。根据第四段中“but this 15-year-ld is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers. It helps t prvide healthy alternatives t sugary drinks; and als Tm dnates part f the prfits t the Organisatin fr a Healthier Generatin (OHG).”（但是这个15岁的孩子最感到自豪的是Fun Bttle带给其他人的机会。它有助于对含糖饮料提供健康的替代品。而且汤姆还捐赠了部分利润为一个名为OHG的组织）可知，汤姆把自己产品的部分利润，并非全部利润，捐给了OHG。所以错误在于“all the prfits”，应修改为“part f the prfits”，故答案为Tm is mst prud f the pprtunities that Fun Bttle presents t thers because he nt nly prvides healthy alternatives t sugary drinks but als dnates all the prfits t the OHG. Tm dnates part f the prfits t the OHG.
【43.【解析】
开放题，言之有理即可。根据第一段第一句“Tm, a 15-year-ld inventr and entrepreneur (创业者), witnessed at his wn schl the widespread cnsumptin f sugary drinks by kids.”（汤姆，一个15岁的发明家和企业家，在他自己的学校目睹了孩子们广泛消费含糖饮料）第二段中““I wanted t cme up with a healthy, natural way fr peple t drink when n the g. A big part f my missin is t get peple f all ages ff sugary drinks,” Tm explains.”（“我想出一种健康、自然的方式，让人们在旅途中喝。我的一大任务就是让所有年龄段的人都不再喝含糖饮料,”汤姆解释说）可知，汤姆在看到学生喝含糖的饮料时，他想到要发明出一种适合所有年龄段都能喝的不含糖的饮料，可推知，汤姆是一个很有聪颖的，有洞察力的人。这种洞察力在我们的生活中可以帮助我们不断发现自己的不足，进而帮助我们提升自己。故答案为：I think the quality f perspicacity im is prtant, because this insight can help us cnstantly find ur wn shrtcmings in ur lives, which in turn can help us imprve urselves.(31)
【2021北京卷】
Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．Thus，it may be wrth bringing up issues with yur friends， family members，r classmates rather than hlding them back．
There is a difference between arguing and fighting．Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．Yu can engage in an argument respectfully withut stirring up（激起） anger．Fighting，hwever，usually invlves persnal attacks，raising f vices， and strming ut．Discussing yur issues and reslving them instead f stuffing them dwn can imprve yur emtinal health．In a study，2.000 peple were asked t recrd their feelings and experiences fr eight days in a rw．When peple had an argument that they cnsidered reslved， they had half the reactivity （情绪反应） f thse wh avided an argument．Reactivity is an increase in negative emtins r a decrease in psitive emtins．In ther wrds，reslving an argument cuts yur negative feelings by half．One day later， peple wh had a reslved argument reprted n increase f negative emtins cmpared with thse wh avided an argument． This means that reslving an argument can feel like yu have reached a state f reslutin——and yu are less likely t be annyed．
Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．
It is easier t avid a discussin，but risking talking abut it may eventually lead t a better utcme．
40. Accrding t this passage，what is arguing？
41. Why is it that“the lder yu are， the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument”？
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement，then underline it and explain why．
Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．
43. In additin t imprving emtinal health，what d yu think are sme ther benefits f reslving an argument？ （In abut 40 wrds）
【答案】40. Arguing is discussing yur wrries，related feelings and prblems with the ther party．
41. It is because mre life experience may help peple better identify pririties in life．
42. Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．Reslving arguments helps t decrease yur reactivity．
43. Reslving arguments can als imprve peple's lgical thinking and resilience, and imprve their relatinship with each ther.（参考答案）
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。最近的研究表明，如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎完全消除。因此，向你的朋友、家人或同学提出问题可能是值得的，而不是阻止他们。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“Arguing is that yu and yur ppnent present yur cncerns and discuss the feelings and issues related t thse cncerns．”（争论是你和你的对手提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。）可知，争论是提出你的担忧，并讨论与这些担忧相关的感受和问题。故答案为Arguing is discussing yur wrries，related feelings and prblems with the ther party．
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段“Mrever，the lder yu are，the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument．This may be because mre life experience usually leads t mre defined pririties．Yu are mre likely t distinguish between what matters and what des nt．”（而且，年纪越大，越有可能在争吵后找到解决办法。这可能是因为更多的生活经历通常会导致更明确的优先事项。你更有可能区分什么是重要的，什么是不重要的。）可知，更多的生活经验可以帮助人们更好地确定生活中的优先事项。故答案填It is because mre life experience may help peple better identify pririties in life．
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“Recent research suggests that if an argument gets reslved，the emtinal respnse tied t it is significantly reduced r almst cmpletely erased．”（如果争吵得到解决，与之相关的情绪反应会显著减少或几乎）可知，解决争吵可以改善你的情绪健康，因为它增加你的反应，减少你生气的机会。解决争论有助于降低你的反应性，而不是增加你的反应力。故答案为Reslving arguments can imprve yur emtinal health，because it increases yur reactivity and reduces the chance f yu getting angry．Reslving arguments helps t decrease yur reactivity．
【43题详解】
考查开放思维。解决争吵也可以提高人们的逻辑思维能力和应变能力，使得相互之间的关系得到升华。故可能答案版本一为Reslving arguments can als imprve peple's lgical thinking and resilience, and imprve their relatinship with each ther.
【最新模考】
（2024·北京西城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Fur Clmbian children survived a plane crash nly t be lst deep in the Amazn rainfrest fr well ver a mnth. This is hw they survived this hrrifying situatin.
It’s mst peple’s nightmare: surviving a plane crash nly t be trapped in a jungle with n way f cntacting the utside wrld. But they survived. The children, aged 13, nine and fur, as well as an 11-mnth-ld baby, were flying with their mther frm their village in the Amazn t visit their father in San Jsé del Guaviare. The single-engine Cessna n which they were flying experienced engine prblems and disappeared n May 1, 2023.
Bad weather prevented the army frm finding the crash site fr tw weeks, where they then fund the dead bdies f three adults, including the children’s mther. Hw did these children survive cnditins that wuld be an unimaginable struggle fr mst adults? They are members f the Huitt Indigenus grup and were raised in the jungle. As such, they have an intimate understanding f the rainfrest. They knw which fruits are safe t eat and which plants shuld be avided.
Wrking with, rather than against, the Amazn, they survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane. While the children gt n with the business f surviving, the Clmbian army wrked with Indigenus vlunteers t find them. After 40 days f searching, the children were fund and taken t recver at a military hspital in Bgta.
While many arund the wrld have taken this survival stry t be a miracle, thers pint ut that it is the result f an ancient and intimate knwledge f the rainfrest that has been passed dwn thrugh Indigenus cmmunities ver the generatins. Indigenus tribes have a clse relatinship t the Amazn, marked by a deep respect fr the frest that prvides them with shelter and nutritius ingredients. It is their clse cnnectin t and understanding f the rainfrest that undubtedly helped the children t survive.
1．What made the plane n which they were flying crash?

2．Why did it take the army s lng t find the children after the accident?

3．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
 The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest.

4．What lessn can yu learn frm the stry? (In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】1．Engine prblems. 2．Because the weather was bad. 3．The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest.
Accrding t the passage, the children survived because they wrked with the Amazn frest and survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane. 4．The stry highlights the imprtance f traditinal knwledge and respect fr the envirnment. It emphasizes the value f indigenus wisdm and their deep understanding f nature, shwcasing hw this knwledge can be crucial fr survival in challenging situatins.
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了四名哥伦比亚儿童在亚马逊失事后幸存超过一个月，靠着他们土著背景和对雨林的熟悉生存下来。他们知道如何在丛林中找到食物，并且与亚马逊和谐相处。经过40天的搜救，他们被发现并送往医院康复。
1．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The single-engine Cessna n which they were flying experienced engine prblems and disappeared n May 1, 2023.(他们乘坐的单引擎塞斯纳飞机在2023年5月1日出现了发动机问题，随后消失了。)”可知，他们乘坐的飞机坠毁了是因为引擎出了问题。故答案为Engine prblems.
2．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Bad weather prevented the army frm finding the crash site fr tw weeks, where they then fund the dead bdies f three adults, including the children’s mther. (恶劣的天气使军队在两周内无法找到坠机地点，后来他们在那里发现了三具成年人的尸体，其中包括孩子们的母亲。)”可知，事故发生后军队花了很长时间才找到孩子们是因为恶劣的天气。故答案为Because the weather was bad.
3．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Wrking with, rather than against, the Amazn, they survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane.(他们与亚马逊合作，而不是对抗亚马逊，他们靠水果和种子生存，同时给婴儿喂食他们在飞机上找到的混合了丝兰粉的水。)”可知，孩子们幸存下来不是因为他们与雨林作斗争，而是因为他们利用了对雨林的深入了解。他们知道哪些水果可以安全食用，哪些植物应该避免食用，利用雨林的资源而不是与之对抗，因此错误的部分为“fighting against(对抗亚马逊雨林)”，故答案为The children survived the hrrifying situatin by fighting against the Amazn rainfrest. Accrding t the passage, the children survived because they wrked with the Amazn frest and survived n fruits and seeds, while feeding the baby water mixed with yucca flur that they fund n the plane.
4．开放性试题。通读全文，根据最后一段中的“While many arund the wrld have taken this survival stry t be a miracle, thers pint ut that it is the result f an ancient and intimate knwledge f the rainfrest that has been passed dwn thrugh Indigenus cmmunities ver the generatins. Indigenus tribes have a clse relatinship t the Amazn, marked by a deep respect fr the frest that prvides them with shelter and nutritius ingredients. It is their clse cnnectin t and understanding f the rainfrest that undubtedly helped the children t survive.(虽然世界上许多人都认为这个幸存的故事是一个奇迹，但也有人指出，这是土著社区世代相传的古老而亲密的热带雨林知识的结果。土著部落与亚马逊有着密切的关系，他们深深尊重为他们提供住所和营养成分的森林。毫无疑问，正是他们与雨林的密切联系和对雨林的了解帮助了孩子们的生存。)”可知，这个故事强调了传统知识和尊重环境的重要性。它强调了土著智慧的价值和他们对自然的深刻理解，展示了这些知识如何对在充满挑战的情况下生存至关重要，故答案为The stry highlights the imprtance f traditinal knwledge and respect fr the envirnment. It emphasizes the value f indigenus wisdm and their deep understanding f nature, shwcasing hw this knwledge can be crucial fr survival in challenging situatins.
（2024·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
When I think abut running a timed mile in elementary schl PE class, I can still feel the full-bdy sensatin f stress. The mile run was part f the Natinal Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given t elementary thrugh high schl students, which included five events: the mile run, sit-ups, pull-ups r push-ups, a sit-and-reach and a shuttle run.
Twice a year, the tp 15 percent f participants natinwide were hnred with a Physical Fitness Award. At my schl, the winners’names were painted n ne f the gym’s walls. Fr years I stared admiringly at thse names, wndering if I wuld ever make the cut. But n matter hw hard I tried, I culd never pull my chin abve the bar.
I believe deeply in the value f physical activity fr bth the mind and the bdy. Hwever, it wasn’t until I was in my 30s and had run a half-dzen half-marathns, at a cmfrtable pace, that I even began t believe I was a sprtswman. I’ve heard similar stries frm many peple. My friend Natalia, a grup fitness instructr, said that fr years she saw herself as lacking athleticism thanks t her experience in PE class. It was nly when she tk a fitness class that she began t see herself as physically capable.
Their experiences, and my wn, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail t make yu develp a psitive relatinship with sprts, there is definitely a psitive pprtunity t make it a surce f jy in yur life.
It’s taken years t meet myself where I am. When I run a mile these days, I feel s gd by the end that I want t run anther. I still can’t d a traditinal pull-up, but a trainer at my gym recently intrduced me t assisted pull-ups with resistance bands; I delight in finally feeling up t the task.
Fitness shuldn’t be fr the few. We all benefit frm sprts, whether we earn ur names n the wall r nt.
5．What is the Natinal Physical Fitness Test?

6．What was in her mind when the authr stared at the names n the wall?

7．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Accrding t the authr, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult t make sprts a surce f jy in their life.
8．What d yu think f the idea “fitness shuldn’t be fr the few” in the last paragraph? （In abut 40 wrds）

【答案】5．It is a biennial assessment given t elementary thrugh high schl students. 6．She was wndering if she wuld ever make the cut. 7．Accrding t the authr, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult t make sprts a surce f jy in their life.
Accrding t the passage, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment but there is definitely a psitive pprtunity fr them t make sprts a surce f jy in their life. 8．I agree with the idea that "fitness shuldn't be fr the few," as it prmtes inclusivity and encurages everyne t participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the imprtance f sprts fr all individuals, regardless f their athletic abilities.
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了体育课和体能评估对个人自我认知的影响，以及体育运动对身心健康的价值。
5．考查细节理解。根据第一段“The mile run was part f the Natinal Physical Fitness Test, a bi annual assessment given t elementary thrugh high schl students(一英里跑是全国体能测试的一部分，这是一项每两年对从小学至高中学生进行的评估)”可知，全国体能测试是一项两年一次的评估，对象是小学到高中的学生。故答案为：It is a biennial assessment given t elementary thrugh high schl students。
6．考查细节理解。根据第一段“Fr years I stared admiringly at thse names, wndering if I wuld ever make the cut.(多年来，我一直羡慕地凝视着那些名字，想知道自己是否有一天也能成为其中的一员)”可知，作者盯着墙上的名字，想知道自己是否能达到要求。故答案为：She was wndering if she wuld ever make the cut。
7．考查细节理解。根据第四段“Their experiences, and my wn, made me believe even if PE class and fitness assessment fail t make yu develp a psitive relatinship with sprts, there is definitely a psitive pprtunity t make it a surce f jy in yur life.( 他们的经历和我自己的经历让我相信，即使体育课和体能评估未能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，肯定也有一个积极的机会，让运动成为你生命中的快乐源泉)”可知，作者认为，即使体育课和体能测试不能让你与运动建立起积极的关系，也一定有积极的机会让它成为你生活中的乐趣来源。所以陈述中“and then they will find it difficult(然后他们将发现……困难)”表述错误，应修改为“but there is definitely a psitive pprtunity fr them(但是肯定也有一个积极的机会使他们……)”，故答案为：Accrding t the authr, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment and then they will find it difficult t make sprts a surce f jy in their life. Accrding t the passage, many peple fail in PE class r fitness assessment but there is definitely a psitive pprtunity fr them t make sprts a surce f jy in their life
8．开放性试题。言之有理，注意词数限制。如根据最后一段中的“We all benefit frm sprts, whether we earn ur names n the wall r nt.”可知，我们都能从运动中受益，不管我们的名字是否出现在墙上。由此可知，健身是每个人都应该享有的权利，而不是少数人的特权。故答案为：I agree with the idea that “fitness shuldn't be fr the few,” as it prmtes inclusivity and encurages everyne t participate in physical activities. It emphasizes the imprtance f sprts fr all individuals, regardless f their athletic abilities.
（2024·北京昌平·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
I always wanted t be like explrers Marc Pl r Ibn Battuta. They traveled the wrld with curisity and a desire t share with thers the marvels they discvered. They had n Internet, guidebks, scial media, blgs, vlgs, reviews, r slideshws. And with s much infrmatin available, hw can ne pssibly be like these travel writing pineers?
The answer may shck yu as it did my travel jurnalism students. I plan nthing in advance except fr a place t stay and let the place reveal itself t me n its wn terms. And hw des that wrk ut? I have cntributed t 130 internatinal publicatins with articles abut what I discvered.
I d nt recmmend this apprach t everyne. But what I d suggest is that yu give up yur desire t have everything planned in advance, and that yu stp bsessing abut all the trip details and trying t make it a perfect trip. Whether yu are traveling with a tur grup, friends, family, r sl, leave unstructured time, s magic can happen.
Many peple I knw apprach travel like a jb, and a stressful ne at that. They want t make sure they cver all the bases and dn’t miss anything. But in my pinin, they cpy what thers have dne befre them and check each site ff n a list.
S hw d yu make yur trip unique? I call it slw travel. It’s nt just abut slwing dwn. Instead f running frm place t place, yu lk arund yu, yu take yur envirnment in, yu ntice things that perhaps n ne has ever nticed befre. Yu can start talking t peple. Randm peple yu meet and talk t are a key element yu cannt plan fr. They may tell yu abut places and events that will enrich yur trip. They give yu lcal insider tips. They may even accmpany yu r invite yu t jin them fr an experience. They have enriched every trip I have taken. And the mre yu talk t peple — even if yu are shy — the mre yu develp the self - cnfidence t d mre f it. And then yu are really in the present, having an experience that is uniquely yurs.
9．Why des the authr’s way f travelling shck her students?

10．What des the authr think f mst peple’s way f travelling?

11．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Yu can make yur trip unique by making a detailed plan, nticing new things in the place and meeting lcal peple t experience lcal life.
12．Besides slw travel, in what ther aspect （s） in ur life d yu think we shuld slw dwn? Why? （In abut 40 wrds）

【答案】9．The authr plans nthing in advance except fr a place t stay and let the place reveal itself t him/her n its wn terms. 10．In the authr’s pinin, they cpy what thers have dne befre them and check each site ff n a list. 11．Yu can make yur trip unique by making a detailed plan, nticing new things in the place and meeting lcal peple t experience lcal life. Accrding t the passage, the writer thinks we can make ur trip unique by slw travel. We can ntice things that perhaps n ne has ever nticed befre and talking with lcal peple. Making a detailed plan is nt part f slw travel. 12．言之有理即可
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。短文论述了作者对旅游方式的看法。
9．考查细节理解题。根据第二段“The answer may shck yu as it did my travel jurnalism students. I plan nthing in advance except fr a place t stay and let the place reveal itself t me n its wn terms.”（答案可能会让你震惊，就像我的旅行新闻系学生一样。我什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向我展示自己的条件）可知，作者的旅行方式让她的学生感到震惊是因为作者什么都不提前计划，除了有一个地方住，让这个地方自己向作者展示自己的条件。故回答为：The authr plans nthing in advance except fr a place t stay and let the place reveal itself t him/her n its wn terms.
10．考查细节理解题。根据第四段“But in my pinin, they cpy what thers have dne befre them and check each site ff n a list.”（但在我看来，他们只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查旅游景点。）可知，作者认为大多数人的旅行方式只是照搬前人的做法，然后在一个列表上检查每个旅游景点。故回答为：In the authr’s pinin, they cpy what thers have dne befre them and check each site ff n a list.
11．考查细节理解题。根据最后一段“I call it slw travel. It’s nt just abut slwing dwn. Instead f running frm place t place, yu lk arund yu, yu take yur envirnment in, yu ntice things that perhaps n ne has ever nticed befre. Yu can start talking t peple. Randm peple yu meet and talk t are a key element yu cannt plan fr.”（我称之为慢旅行。这不仅仅是减速。你不再从一个地方跑到另一个地方，而是要环顾四周，融入周围的环境，注意到一些可能从来没有人注意到的东西。你可以开始和别人交流了。你遇到和交谈的随机的人是你不能计划的一个关键因素。）可知，“by making a detailed plan”是错误的。作者认为我们可以通过慢速旅行使我们的旅行与众不同。我们可以注意到以前可能没有人注意到的事情，并与当地人交谈。制定详细的计划不是慢速旅行的一部分。故回答为：Yu can make yur trip unique by making a detailed plan, nticing new things in the place and meeting lcal peple t experience lcal life. Accrding t the passage, the writer thinks we can make ur trip unique by slw travel. We can ntice things that perhaps n ne has ever nticed befre and talking with lcal peple. Making a detailed plan is nt part f slw travel.
12．考查开放性试题。除了慢旅行，我认为生活的节奏应该慢下来，慢节奏的生活能让我们不焦虑，使我们体验到生活的美和意义。故回答为：I think the pace f life shuld be slw and slw pace f life can let us nt wrry, making us experience the beauty and meaning f life.
（2024·北京海淀·二模）阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
Hw Gratitude Makes Yu Happier
Chsing t be thankful may well be an easy and accessible way t bst yur happiness. We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these.
Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. When peple are thankful, they’re mre likely t exercise, eat better, and take care f their health. Much evidence pints t lwer stress, reduced pain and imprved immune systems as a result f being thankful. Even better bld pressure and psitive effects n the heart have been linked t gratitude.
Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. It increases self-esteem, enhances psitive emtins and makes us mre ptimistic since experiencing gratitude activates neurtransmitters like dpamine, which we assciate with pleasure, and sertnin, which regulates ur md. It als prmtes feelings like trust and genersity, which are induced by xytcin, a hrmne released by the brain.
Just like a muscle, thankfulness is smething we need t exercise mre ften. One way is t learn frm the Scandinavians, wh, the UN’s Wrld Happiness Reprt suggests, are the happiest peple in the wrld. It’s wrth pausing t think abut why. Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value.
S, take sme time t be thankful. It can impact yur happiness and enhance many aspects f yur life.
13．What des happiness include besides what we usually think?

14．On what des gratitude have a psitive influence?

15．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value.
16．Hw can yu exercise being grateful? (In abut 40 wrds)

【答案】13．It includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. 14．(Bth) physical (health) and mental health. 15．Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they value “mderatin”, a just enughness. 16．One way t practice gratitude is t keep a daily gratitude jurnal and write dwn three things yu are grateful fr each day. Anther practice is t ften reflect n the psitive factrs in yur life and cultivate an attitude f gratitude, which can als cultivate gratitude.
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲解了感恩如何使人更快乐，内容涉及感恩对身心健康的具体益处，并引用了研究结果作为支持，还举了斯堪的纳维亚人幸福感的例子来阐述观点，最后提出建议。
13．考查细节理解。由文章第一段中的“We usually think f happiness as a subjective sense f well-being, a feeling f jy and satisfactin. But mre than just an emtin r fleeting (短暂的) feeling, happiness als includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life. Gratitude supprts happiness in ways related t all f these. (我们通常认为幸福是一种主观的幸福感，一种快乐和满足的感觉。但幸福不仅仅是一种情感或短暂的感觉，它还包括一种深刻的意义、价值和生活目的。感恩以与所有这些相关的方式支持幸福。)”可知，除了我们通常认为的，幸福还包括生活中深刻的意义、价值和目标感。故答案为It includes a deep sense f meaning, wrth and purpse in life.
14．考查细节理解。由文章第二段中的“Research has shwn gratitude has far-reaching effects n ur physical health. (研究表明，感恩对我们的身体健康有着深远的影响。)”以及第三段中的“Gratitude has a strng psitive impact n mental health as well. (感恩对心理健康也有着强烈的积极影响。)”可知，感恩对身体健康和心理健康都有积极影响。故答案为：(Bth) physical (health) and mental health.
15．考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Scandinavians themselves are determining their levels f happiness. They are appreciative f a functining sciety where they have ecnmic security and where scial institutins supprt everyne. Yet, there is smething else. They value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness. They dn’t chase happiness r wrk vertime fr mnths at a time. They remain grateful fr a healthy wrk-life balance. As a result f this satisfactin and cntentment, they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人自己决定着他们的幸福水平。他们欣赏一个运转良好的社会，在那里他们有经济保障，社会机构支持每个人。然而，还有其他一些事情。他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好。他们不会追求幸福，也不会一次加班好几个月。他们对健康的工作与生活平衡心存感激。由于这种满足和知足，他们觉得自己的生活有价值。)”可知，“Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. (斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们觉得自己的生命有价值。)”逻辑错误，正确的逻辑应该是：斯堪的纳维亚人不会一次加班好几个月，因为他们重视“适度”，一种刚刚好的状态。故答案为：Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they feel their lives have value. Scandinavians dn’t wrk vertime fr mnths at a time because they value “mderatin”, a just enugh-ness.
16．考查语言表达。练习感恩的一种方法是每天写一本感恩日记，写下你每天感激的三件事。另一种做法是经常反思生活中的积极因素，培养感恩的态度，也可以培养感恩。故答案为：One way t practice gratitude is t keep a daily gratitude jurnal and write dwn three things yu are grateful fr each day. Anther practice is t ften reflect n the psitive factrs in yur life and cultivate an attitude f gratitude, which can als cultivate gratitude.