高考英语二轮讲义-阅读提分利器：主旨大意掌控（重难专练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读提分利器：主旨大意掌控（重难专练）（北京专用）（教师版），共25页。试卷主要包含了首尾定位，主线聚焦等内容，欢迎下载使用。

干扰项与正确答案的“识别密码”
（一）正确答案的3大特征
全面性：覆盖文章核心对象和观点，不遗漏关键逻辑；
精准性：用词严谨，不夸大、不缩小范围，避免绝对化表述（如nly/never/all）；
概括性：是对文章内容的高度提炼，而非细节复述。
（二）干扰项的4大陷阱及识别方法
考点一：考查全文主旨概括。
解题规则
•定位文章首尾段核心句，串联各段逻辑主线；
•排除仅涉及单个段落的细节选项；
•关注转折词（but/hwever）、总结词（thus/therefre）后的观点。
1.（2025北京高考真题）The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better.
Fr many years, psychlgists saw identity as a cmbinatin f smene’s values, beliefs, gals and scial rles. Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives.
What is the passage mainly abut?
A．Hw self-identity wrks.B．Hw stry-tellers are made.
C．Hw persnal stries raise dubts.D．Hw timing affects persnal identity.
答案：A
解析：
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The call t “knw yurself” has been there since ancient times, but ur sense f self desn’t always match what thers perceive. Cnsidering the stries we tell abut urselves can help us t change ur minds fr better. (“认识你自己”这一呼吁自古便有，但我们对自己的认知并不总是与他人对我们的看法相吻合。思考我们讲述的关于自己的故事，能帮助我们以更好的方式改变自己的想法。)”和第二段中“Then, in the 1980s, Bb Jhnsn created the life stry mdel f identity, in which he prpses that, as we g thrugh life, these cre features are built in with ur memries t create a persnal stry thrugh which we understand ur lives. (然后，在20世纪80年代，鲍勃·约翰逊创造了身份的生活故事模型，他提出，在我们的一生中，这些核心特征与我们的记忆一起构建了一个个人故事，我们通过这个故事来理解我们的生活。)”以及第四段中“Jhnsn has als investigated the link between well-being and certain stry themes. (约翰逊还研究了幸福感与某些故事主题之间的联系。)”可推知，全文围绕“个人生活故事如何构建自我认知并影响幸福感”展开，分析了其形成、作用及相关研究。“Hw self-identity wrks. (自我认同是如何运作的。)”符合文意。故选A。
考点二：考查标题拟定。
解题规则
•标题需简洁明了，涵盖全文核心对象+核心观点；
•避免“过于宽泛”（覆盖内容超出文章范围）或“过于狭窄”（仅涉及局部细节）；
•优先选择包含核心高频词的选项。
2.（2025北京高考真题）
Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. The scial cmparisns we make — nes that lead us t feel gd r bad abut urselves — are vital t ur ability t thrive (成长). Science prvides a guide we can use t harness the way we perfrm these cmparisns t reduce their negative emtinal impacts.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Becme a Healthy Habit
B．Cmparing Ourselves with Others Can Strengthen Family Ties
C．Scial Cmparisns Can Get Us int Emtinal Truble
D．Scial Cmparisns Can Be Cntrlled by Science
答案：A
解析：
主旨大意题。根据第三段“Scial cmparisns d, f curse, ften get us int emtinal truble. But they can be harnessed (利用) fr ur betterment if we understand hw they wrk. (当然，社会比较常常会给我们带来情感困扰。但如果我们了解其运作原理，就可以利用它们来提升自我。)”，以及第四段 “Cmparing yurself with smene wh is utperfrming yu culd result in feelings f envy if yu fcus n the things they have and yu dn’t, r it can be energizing and inspiring if yu use these cmparisns as a surce f mtivatin (如果你关注那些比你表现出色的人所拥有而你没有的东西，与他们比较可能会导致嫉妒之情；但如果你将这些比较作为动力来源，它也可以让你充满活力并受到鼓舞)” 等内容，表明了社会比较并非全然有害，若运用得当可成为健康习惯，助力个人发展。所以选项 A“与他人比较可以成为一种健康的习惯”为最佳标题，故选A。
3.（2024北京高考真题）Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans. Here, nrms (规范) were unwritten and rarely expressed clearly, but were well understd and taken t heart. Dishnest and vilent behaviurs were disapprved f; leadership, marriage and interactins with ther grups were lsely gverned by traditins. Cnflict was ften reslved in musical battles. Because arguing angrily leads t chas, it was strngly discuraged. With life in the unfrgiving Nrthern Canada being s demanding, the Inuit’s practical apprach t mrality made gd sense.
Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A．Virtues: Bridges Acrss CulturesB．The Values f Self-discipline
C．Brains: Walls Against ChasD．The Rts f Mrality
答案：D
解析：
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Franz Bas’s descriptin f Inuit (因纽特人) life in the 19th century illustrates the prbable mral cde f early humans.(弗朗兹·博厄斯对19世纪因纽特人生活的描述说明了早期人类可能的道德准则)”以及文章内容可知，本文围绕人类道德规范的起源进行讨论，主要介绍了早期人类道德准则的形成过程及其如何根植于人类基本需求及共同的社会学习和问题解决机制中，所以“道德的起源”适合作为文章标题。故选D项。
考点三：考查段落主旨概括。
解题规则
•聚焦段落首尾句、转折句、总结句；
•排除段落中的举例、解释等支撑性细节；
•段落主旨需服务于全文主旨，不可脱离文章核心。
4.（2025广西二模）
Tey said the wrk f a chemical engineer culd be extremely diverse, but it wuld always be relevant. “Whether yu fcus n develping future energy slutins, cntrlling pllutin r prtecting ur envirnment, yur future as a chemical engineer is bright.”
What is mainly talked abut in the last paragraph?
答案：D
解析：
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段 “Tey said the wrk f a chemical engineer culd be extremely diverse, but it wuld always be relevant. “Whether yu fcus n develping future energy slutins, cntrlling pllutin r prtecting ur envirnment, yur future as a chemical engineer is bright.”（Tey 说，化学工程师的工作可能非常多样化，但它总是相关的。“无论你专注于开发未来的能源解决方案、控制污染还是保护环境，作为一名化学工程师，你的未来都是光明的。”）” 可知，本段主要讲述了化学工程师职业前景广阔。故选 D 项。。5.（2025河北一模）
As a pilt prject, GUARDEN als initiates a cmprehensive scientific inquiry int urban agriculture. Thrugh labratry analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and micrbilgical cmpsitin. Irina Sivicka, a prject researcher, highlights the significance f data-driven insights in understanding the crrelatin between urban pllutin and crp safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Pča cntributes t prject develpment, ensuring an all-runded apprach t urban garden realizatin.
What is the main idea f paragraph 4?
A．Scientific evaluatin f urban fd safety.
B．Cmmunity participatin in urban gardening.
C．Architectural design f the GUARDEN prject.
D．Challenges f maintaining urban vertical gardens.
答案：A
解析：
主旨大意题。根据第四段中“As a pilt prject, GUARDEN als initiates a cmprehensive scientific inquiry int urban agriculture. Thrugh labratry analysis, researchers evaluate the harvest’s safety, examining heavy metal presence and micrbilgical cmpsitin. Irina Sivicka, a prject researcher, highlights the significance f data-driven insights in understanding the crrelatin between urban pllutin and crp safety. Architect Ilze Rukmane-Pča cntributes t prject develpment, ensuring an all-runded apprach t urban garden realizatin.(作为一个试点项目，GUARDEN还开启了一项针对都市农业的全面科学调查。研究人员通过实验室分析评估收获作物的安全性，检测重金属含量与微生物组成。项目研究员Irina Sivicka强调了数据驱动的研究结果在理解城市污染与作物安全性相关性方面的重要意义。建筑师Ilze Rukmane-Pča参与了项目的开发工作，确保城市花园的落成能采用全面完善的方案。)”可知，本段主要讲的是对城市食品安全进行科学评估。故选A。
（建议用时：15分钟）
【类型一：全文主旨概括】
1．（2025上海宝山一模）Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, Nrth America and nrthern Eurpe have been clder than nrmal during sme perids f winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing glbal warming r nt, but scientists have shwn that Earth’s warming trends are respnsible.
What is the main fcus f the passage?
A．The Relatinship between Warming Earth and Clder Winters
B．The Strange Phenmenn f Warming Earth with Clder Winters
C．The Temperature Differences between the Arctic and Mid-latitude Areas
D．The Ptential Reasns fr Earth Becming Warmer and Warmer
【答案】A
【解析】
主旨大意题。
梳理段落核心内容:
段落首先提出现象：过去几年，东亚、北美和北欧部分地区冬季出现阶段性偏冷的情况。
接着指出由此引发的争议：人们质疑地球是否还在经历全球变暖。
最后给出科学家的结论：全球变暖的趋势恰恰是冬季偏冷的原因。
根据第一段“Over the past few years, areas in East Asia, Nrth America and nrthern Eurpe have been clder than nrmal during sme perids f winter. This has left many debating whether Earth is experiencing glbal warming r nt, but scientists have shwn that Earth’s warming trends are respnsible.(在过去几年里，东亚、北美洲和北欧的一些地区在冬季的某些时段气温比往年要低。这使得许多人争论地球是否正在经历全球变暖，但科学家们已经表明，地球的变暖趋势才是原因所在)”可知，文章主要说明了全球变暖致使北极海冰消融、极涡变形，进而影响极地急流，引发北半球部分地区冬季异常寒冷，揭示了气候变暖与局部寒冬的关联。由此可知，选A。
2.（2025陕西榆林三模）
Embracing my visual impairment changed everything fr the better. It was a transfrmative jurney that taught me self-acceptance and self-lve. This newfund lve fr myself reshaped my life, allwing me t live mre penly and jyfully.
What message des the text mainly cnvey?
A．Frtune favrs the bld.B．Let yur true clrs shine.
C．Every clud has a silver lining.D．Rme wasn't built in a day.
【答案】B
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Embracing my visual impairment changed everything fr the better. It was a transfrmative jurney that taught me self-acceptance and self-lve. (接受我的视力受损让一切变得更好。这是一次转变的旅程，教会了我自我接纳和自爱)”可知，文章传递的核心是“展现真实的自我”。选项B“Let yur true clrs shine (展现你的本色)”与此契合。故选B项。
【类型二：标题拟定】
3. （2022北京高考真题）
Fr decades, quantum cmputing has been little mre than a labratry curisity. Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin.” This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn. He wrries that researchers are making prmises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Jhnsn wrte, “is that millins f dllars are nw ptentially available t quantum cmputing researchers.”
Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers. But I trust Taylr, just as I trust Jhnsn.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Is Jhnsn Mre Cmpetent Than Taylr?
B．Is Quantum Cmputing Redefining Technlgy?
C．Will Quantum Cmputers Ever Cme int Being?
D．Will Quantum Cmputing Ever Live Up t Its Hype?
【答案】D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Nw, big tech cmpanies have invested in quantum cmputing, as have many smaller nes. Accrding t Business Weekly, quantum machines culd help us “cure cancer, and even take steps t turn climate change in the ppsite directin. This is the srt f hype ( 炒作 ) that annys Jhnsn.”（ 现在，大型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Culd PyQuantum really be leading all the cmpetitin “by a wide margin”, as Taylr claims? I dn’t knw. I’m certainly nt ging t advise my friend r anyne else t invest in quantum cmputers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
【类型三：段落主旨概括】
4.（2021北京高考真题）Early fifth-century philspher St．Augustine famusly wrte that he knew what time was unless smene asked him．Albert Einstein added anther wrinkle when he therized that time varies depending n where yu measure it．Tday's state-f-the-art atmic（原子的） clcks have prven Einstein right．Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．
What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
A．Timekeeping is increasingly related t nature．
B．Everyne can define time n their wn terms．
C．The qualities f time vary with hw yu measure it．
D．Time is a majr cncern f philsphers and scientists．
【答案】B
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“Even advanced physics can't decisively tell us what time is, because the answer depends n the questin yu're asking．(即使是先进的物理学也不能决定性地告诉我们时间是什么，因为答案取决于你要问的问题)”以及上文列举的哲学家St．Augustine和爱因斯坦对于时间的定义可推断，第一段主要讲述每个人都可以用自己的话来定义时间。故选B项。
5.（2025广东汕尾一模）
Tech cmpanies als see pprtunities in educatin beynd training teachers. Micrsft annunced a $4 billin initiative fr AI research and training. It includes a prgram that will give all schl districts and cmmunity clleges in Washingtn, Micrsft’s hme state, free access t its CPilt tls. Ggle said it wuld cmmit $1 billin fr AI educatin and jb training prgrams, including free access t its Gemini fr educatin platfrms fr US high schls.
What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The cperatin amng tech cmpanies.
B．An intrductin t the NEA agreement.
C．The cmpetitin between teachers unins.
D．A reasn fr tech cmpanies’ genersity.
【答案】D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第七段中的“Tech cmpanies als see pprtunities in educatin beynd training teachers. Micrsft annunced a $4 billin initiative fr AI research and training... Ggle said it wuld cmmit $1 billin fr AI educatin and jb training prgrams (科技公司在教育培训之外也看到了教育领域的机遇。微软宣布了一项40亿美元的人工智能研究和培训计划…… 谷歌表示将投入 10 亿美元用于人工智能教育和职业培训项目)”等内容可知，该段主要介绍了科技公司在人工智能教育领域的投入和举措，解释了它们加大投入的原因是看到了教育领域的机遇。故选D项。
6.（2025江西模拟预测）
Frm custmer service chatbts nline t persnal assistants in ur hmes, chatbts have started t enter ur lives. In almst every industry, cmpanies are using chatbts t help custmers answer simple questins and direct peple t the relevant pints f cntact. Persnal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed t respnd t a wide range f scenaris (场景) and inquiries, frm current weather and news updates t persnal calendars, music selectins and randm questins.
What is the last paragraph mainly abut?
A．The future trend f chatbts.B．The prblems f chatbts.
C．The applicatins f chatbts.D．The effects f chatbts.
【答案】C
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Frm custmer service chatbts nline t persnal assistants in ur hmes, chatbts have started t enter ur lives. In almst every industry, cmpanies are using chatbts t help custmers answer simple questins and direct peple t the relevant pints f cntact. Persnal assistants like Siri and Alexa are designed t respnd t a wide range f scenaris (场景) and inquiries, frm current weather and news updates t persnal calendars, music selectins and randm questins.(从在线客服聊天机器人到我们家里的个人助理，聊天机器人已经开始进入我们的生活。在几乎每一个行业，公司都在使用聊天机器人来帮助客户回答简单
的问题，并引导人们找到相关的联系点。像Siri和Alexa这样的个人助理被设计用来回应各种场景和询问，从当前的天气和新闻更新到个人日历、音乐选择和随机问题)”可知，该段落主要列举了聊天机器人在客户服务和个人助理等多个领域的具体应用。故选C项。
（建议用时：15分钟）
【类型一：全文主旨概括】
1.（2025上海闵行一模）Lts f names have been prpsed fr the wrld’s yungest generatin, brn rughly since 2010. Sme are predictable, such as “iPad kids” and “Generatin AI”. Others are puzzling, as with “Plars”, which nds bth t grwing plarisatin and shrinking ice caps.
One name has caught n in the English-speaking West: “Generatin Alpha”. It symblises a fresh chapter, says Mark McCrindle, the Australian demgrapher (人口学家) behind it. He cnsulted peple fr ideas nearly 20 years ag; many suggested the name “Gen A”. But rather than g back t the start f the Latin alphabet (字母表), he shifted t the Greek ne.
“Alpha” has recently becme a trendy term. Reprts and surveys have been published abut these yungsters, describing their preferences and predicting their future. Analysts suggest that Alphas will becme the mst innvative generatin. Such insights make fr gd headlines. But scial scientists say it is t sn t identify the distinctive characteristics f a grup that includes tddlers (学步儿童). Predicting hw they will grw up “has n mre value than guesswrk”, says Bbby Duffy, a prfessr at King’s Cllege Lndn: Many judgments made nw will be prved wrng in the future.
Research is largely driven by cmmercial interests. Alpha is prjected t be the wrld’s largest generatin, with mre than 2 billin members. By 2029, nearly $5.5 trillin will be spent n Alphas a year, predicts McCrindle’s research firm. That presents an pprtunity fr businesses, and fr the marketing firms that advise “hw t prepare fr Gen Alpha”.
Restrictins n marketing t yungsters prevent many insights. Gvernments regulate advertisements aimed at minrs and stp their persnal data frm being cllected withut parental permissin. Sme surveys abut Gen Alpha are filled ut by parents, wh interpret their children’s habits. Many cnclusins d nt apply t the yungest members.
There are disagreements abut wh exactly cunts as Alpha. McCrindle thinks the grup shuld include thse brn between 2010 and 2024. Yet ther firms say Gen Z nly stpped being brn in 2012. Because there is n fficial classificatin, ne persn’s Z is anther’s Alpha. But n ne can deny that Alphas are in their frmative years, when attitudes and values cntinue t change as they grw up and cme f age. It will be at least five years befre Alphas are ld enugh fr real differences t be seen between them and thers, believes Duffy. Until then, the generatin will keep experts and parents n their tes.
What is the passage mainly abut?
A．The media’s excitement abut naming the yungest generatin.
B．Why Generatin Alpha is expected t reshape future markets and culture.
C．The challenges and uncertainties in defining and researching Generatin Alpha.
D．Hw parents and marketing agencies influence children’s early develpment.
【答案】C
【解析】
主旨大意题。第1段介绍了针对2010年后出生的新一代，人们提出了多种命名；第2段说明“阿尔法一代”这一名称在英语国家流行，由人口学家 Mark McCrindle提出，象征“新的篇章”；第3段指出“阿尔法一代”相关报道虽多，但社会科学家认为目前无法精准定义其特征，Bbby Duffy称这类预测“和猜测没什么区别”；第4-5段说明对阿尔法一代的研究受商业利益驱动，且存在法律限制、样本偏差等问题，研究结论的客观性存疑；第6段提到“阿尔法一代”的群体划分存在争议，且其特质要等成长后才会显现。由此可知，文章核心围绕“定义和研究阿尔法一代过程中面临的挑战与不确定性”展开。故选C项。
【类型二：标题拟定】
2.（2023北京高考真题）
Undefined and uncntrlled, ALife drives its fllwers t repurpse ld ideas and generated nvelty. It may be, f curse, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising r singular. They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething：perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B．Life Evlves. Can AI Help ALife Evlve, T?
C．Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?
D．Life Evlves. Can Attempts t Create ALife Evlve, T?
【答案】D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally t all acts f evlutin. Ultimately ALife may be nthing special. But even this dismissal suggests smething: perhaps, just like life itself thrughut the universe, the rise f ALife will prve unavidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。
3.（2025北京西城二模）（2025北京西城二模）A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need t “accelerate breakthrughs in research and technlgy.” Sme f this discussin was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．The Danger f Fast ScienceB．The Need fr Trust in Science
C．An Alarming Warning t Science EditrsD．A Ppular Trend twards Rushing Science
【答案】A
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“A theme at this year’s Wrld Ecnmic Frum (WEF) meeting was the perceived need t “accelerate breakthrughs in research and technlgy.” Sme f this discussin was mtivated by the climate emergency, sme by the pprtunities and challenges presented by generative artificial intelligence. Yet in varius cnversatins, it seemed t be taken fr granted that t address the wrld’s prblems, scientific research needs t mve faster. (今年世界经济论坛会议的一个主题是人们认为有必要“加速研究和技术的突破”。其中一些框架是由气候紧急情况推动的，另一些是由可生成人工智能带来的机遇和挑战推动的。然而，在各种对话中，人们似乎理所当然地认为，要解决世界上的问题，科学研究需要加快步伐。)”结合文章主要说明了如今科学研究存在急于发表论文，过于注重数量导致了很多问题。可知，A选项“快速科学的危险”最符合文章标题。故选A。
4.（2025北京西城一模）
Ultimately, the way frward is nt thrugh divisins, but thrugh a recgnitin f ur shared humanity. Remind yurself that each persn exists at the intersectin f many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yurself t practice empathy, and remember that n ne is whlly defined by the wrst thing they have said r dne.
Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．Beynd Us and ThemB．The Rts f Beliefism
C．The Harm f Scial DivisinD．At the Crssrad f Faith
【答案】A
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Ultimately, the way frward is nt thrugh divisins, but thrugh a recgnitin f ur shared humanity. Remind yurself that each persn exists at the intersectin f many identities, experiences, and beliefs. Challenge yurself t practice empathy, and remember that n ne is whlly defined by the wrst thing they have said r dne.(最终，前进的道路不是通过分裂，而是通过认识到我们共同的人性。提醒自己，每个人都存在于许多身份、经历和信仰的交叉点上。挑战自己，练习同理心，记住，没有人完全被他们说过或做过的最糟糕的事情所定义)”以及文章主要介绍了作者对于信仰主义的看法以及如何摆脱这种思想，可知，A选项“超越我们和他们”最符合文章标题。故选A。
【类型三：段落主旨概括】
5.（2025上海普陀一模）
The prgressive — and welcme — mve here is that Harvey and Evans cnsider the whle experience f theatreging, nt just the play in islatin. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue fr the tilet, the squeeze int seats built fr small-bned Victrians, and the inevitable head blcking yur view. T shrten a shw is nt t lessen its artistry but t make it mre humane, t harmnize art with the rhythms f mdern life
What is the main idea f the 4th paragraph?
A．The RSC is lsing artistic value by shrtening plays.
B．The directrs reslve t simplify Shakespeare’s language.
C．The audience prefers watching plays nline rather than in theatres.
D．The theatre experience shuld cnsider audience cmfrt and mdern lifestyles.
【答案】D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“The prgressive — and welcme — mve here is that Harvey and Evans cnsider the whle experience f theatreging, nt just the play in islatin. A night at the theatre can be stressful: the rushed early dinner, the endless queue fr the tilet, the squeeze int seats built fr small-bned Victrians, and the inevitable head blcking yur view. T shrten a shw is nt t lessen its artistry but t make it mre humane, t harmnize art with the rhythms f mdern life.(哈维和埃文斯此番举措兼具前瞻性与亲和力，核心在于他们考量的是观众看戏的完整体验，而非仅仅孤立地看待戏剧本身。去剧院看一场戏，过程可能满是奔波疲惫：火急火燎地扒完一顿仓促的晚餐、排不完的如厕长队、挤进那些为身形纤瘦的维多利亚时代人设计的座位，视线还总会被前排的人头无情遮挡。缩短戏剧时长，绝非是对其艺术性的削弱，而是让戏剧更具人文关怀，让艺术与现代生活的节奏同频共振。)”可知，第四段的主要思想是剧院体验应该考虑观众的舒适和现代生活方式。故选D。
6.（2025四川达州一模）
At a genetic level, the healing caused by bacterial cellulse appears distinct frm nrmal plant wund repair. The bacterial cellulse stimulated a different set f genes, turning ff sme typically invlved with healing while activating thers related t infectin defense. The researchers believe this changed respnse results frm a cmbinatin f factrs: the wund itself and the plant’s reactin t the bacterial cellulse as a freign bdy, ptentially stimulating a defensive mechanism.
What is the furth paragraph mainly abut?
A．The features f bacterial cellulse.
B．The advantages f the “Band-Aids” fr plants.
C．The limitatins f bacterial cellulse in plant healing.
D．The wrking principle f the bacterial cellulse-based “Band-Aids”.
【答案】D
【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“At a genetic level, the healing caused by bacterial cellulse appears distinct frm nrmal plant wund repair. The bacterial cellulse stimulated a different set f genes, turning ff sme typically invlved with healing while activating thers related t infectin defense. The researchers believe this changed respnse results frm a cmbinatin f factrs: the wund itself and the plant’s reactin t the bacterial cellulse as a freign bdy, ptentially stimulating a defensive mechanism.(从基因层面来看，由细菌纤维素引发的愈合过程与正常的植物伤口修复方式有着明显的不同。细菌纤维素激活了一组不同的基因，关闭了一些通常与愈合相关的基因，同时激活了与感染防御相关的基因。研究人员认为这种变化的反应是由多种因素共同作用造成的：伤口本身以及植物对细菌纤维素作为外来物质的反应，这可能刺激了防御机制)”可知，第四段主要讲的是细菌纤维素制成的“创可贴”的工作原理。故选D。

（建议用时：15分钟）
Passage 1
（2026河北一模）A study has fund that verbal abuse r hurtful wrds in childhd may be as damaging t lng-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if nt mre s. This grundbreaking research highlights the need t treat verbal abuse as a serius public health issue that cmes with lasting psychlgical cnsequences.
Research led by Liverpl Jhn Mres University has drawn n the data f 20,687 adults frm England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked abut their expsure t physical and/r verbal abuse befre the age f 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factrs in ptimism, relaxatin, scial cnnectin and cping skills. The survey asked participants hw ften they felt ptimistic abut the future, useful and relaxed.
What the researchers fund was that thse wh experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times mre likely t reprt pr mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals expsed t physical abuse were 1.52 times mre likely t have mental health prblems later in life, and thse wh experienced bth verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times mre likely t have negative mental health utcmes.
There’s a grwing bdy f evidence that demnstrates hw verbal abuse in childhd has lng- term impacts. It’s ften viewed as less harmful than ther frms f maltreatment. The researchers fund that while physical abuse had decreased — frm arund 20.2% f children brn in the 1970s t 10% f thse brn in 2000 r later — verbal abuse has increased. This study fund that thse wh experienced this in their yuth had nearly duble the likelihd f scial islatin.
There remains an urgent need fr greater measures t prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may nt immediately manifest in ways that catch the attentin f bystanders, clinicians, r thers in supprting services. The researchers emphasize that this study desn’t dwnplay the lng- term harm f physical abuse, but it highlights the need t better cnsider verbal maltreatment when it cmes t bth child prtectin plicies and mental health treatment in adults wh have experienced this trauma.
1．What did the survey in paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．Adult abuse experiences.
B．Scial cnnectin in childhd.
C．Current physical health markers.
D．Childhd abuse and adult mental health.
2．Hw des the authr present the issue in paragraph 3?
A．By presenting cmparative research data.B．By intrducing the study’s backgrund.
C．By explaining research methdlgy.D．By prpsing plicy slutins.
3．What change in abuse patterns did researchers nte?
A．Physical abuse increased since 2000.
B．Verbal abuse decreased significantly.
C．Verbal abuse rse while physical abuse declined.
D．Bth types drpped amng newer generatins.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Physical abuse preventin strategies
B．Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact
C．Survey methds in psychlgy research
D．Imprving childhd mental health plicies
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕一项研究发现展开，阐述了童年时期言语虐待对成年后心理健康的长期影响，并与身体虐待进行对比，强调了关注言语虐待的必要性。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the survey, participants were asked abut their expsure t physical and/r verbal abuse befre the age f 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factrs in ptimism, relaxatin, scial cnnectin and cping skills.(在调查中，参与者被问及他们在18岁之前是否遭受过身体和/或言语虐待。然后使用心理健康量表评估当前的心理健康指标，该量表考虑了乐观、放松、社会联系和应对技能等因素)”可知，第2段的调查关注的是童年期虐待和成年后的心理健康之间的关系。故选D项。
2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“What the researchers fund was that thse wh experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times mre likely t reprt pr mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals expsed t physical abuse were 1.52 times mre likely t have mental health prblems later in life, and thse wh experienced bth verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times mre likely t have negative mental health utcmes.(研究人员发现，那些在童年时期遭受过言语虐待的人，成年后报告心理健康状况不佳的可能性要高出1.64倍。与此同时，遭受过身体虐待的人在以后的生活中出现心理健康问题的可能性要高出1.52倍，而同时遭受过言语和身体虐待的人出现负面心理健康结果的可能性要高出2.15倍)”可知，作者在本段通过展示对比性的研究数据来呈现问题。故选A项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers fund that while physical abuse had decreased — frm arund 20.2% f children brn in the 1970s t 10% f thse brn in 2000 r later — verbal abuse has increased.(研究人员发现，虽然身体虐待有所减少——从20世纪70年代出生的儿童中约20.2%减少到2000年及以后出生的儿童中的10%——但言语虐待有所增加)”可知，研究人员注意到言语虐待增多而身体虐待减少这一虐待模式的变化。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“A study has fund that verbal abuse r hurtful wrds in childhd may be as damaging t lng-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if nt mre s. (一项研究发现，童年时期的语言虐待或伤害性话语对长期心理健康的危害，甚至可能更为严重)”开宗明义，确立了全文核心：关注童年语言虐待对成年心理健康的持久影响。随后，文章通过介绍研究数据(如第三段的风险倍数对比)和趋势变化(第四段语言虐待发生率上升)，论证了语言虐待问题的严重性和紧迫性。文章结尾也呼应了这一主题，强调需关注语言虐待带来的创伤。因此，B项“Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact (语言虐待对成年人的持久影响)”准确概括了全文主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。
Passage 2
（2025浙江一模）Screens are steadily taking ver mre and mre f ur life, leading sme researchers t wrry abut the effect f lng-term use n lder adults’ brain. It has been suggested that this might lead t s-called “digital dementia” — that depending n digital technlgy thrughut ur life might harm cgnitive (认知的) functining in ur later years.
But new research indicates this view desn’t appear t be true, at least fr the “digital pineer” generatin wh first rutinely used smartphnes, cmputers and the Internet — and wh are nw reaching the age when cgnitive decline ften starts t appear.
In a paper published n Mnday in Nature Human Behaviur, researchers analyzed 57 studies f digital technlgy use and cgnitive functin in mre than 400,000 lder adults acrss the wrld. They fund that peple in the “digital pineer” generatin wh engaged mre with digital technlgy did nt have higher rates f cgnitive decline. In fact, technlgy use was assciated with lwer rates f cgnitive decline.
One reasn sme researchers wrried abut “digital dementia” was previus research that linked televisin viewing, a passive activity, with negative utcmes such as an increased risk f Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). “On the surface, mst cmputer r smartphne screentime might seem similarly passive,” says the new paper’s c-authr Michael Scullin, a neurscience researcher at Baylr University. “But fr this grup f middle-aged and lder adults, phnes and cmputers have been used fr mentally stimulating activities and fr scial cnnectins, such as slving puzzles, engaging with the news, chatting with friends, r using reminders and alarms t help with daily activities.”
“This study prvides a strng challenge t the widespread fears abut ‘digital dementia’ and highlights the ptential f technlgy as a tl fr cgnitive enrichment,” says Chiara Scarampi, a neurscientist at the University f Geneva, wh was nt invlved with the study. “‘Digital dementia’ has always felt like a catchy but verstated cncept t me,” she adds. “Cgnitive fflading — using tls like reminders r GPS — is nt harmful by nature. In fact, it can free up cgnitive resurces fr mre cmplex tasks.”
1．What d we knw abut the “digital pineer” generatin?
A．They are addicted t digital technlgy.
B．They start using digital tls at an ld age.
C．They are the first t use digital tls regularly.
D．They start suffering frm sharp cgnitive decline.
2．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．The widespread use f digital tls.B．The analysis f the new research finding.
C．The great cmplexity f mental activities.D．The implicatin f the previus research finding.
3．What is Scarampi’s attitude tward “digital dementia”?
A．Apprving.B．Tlerant.C．Critical.D．Unclear.
4．Which f the fllwing can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．Respnsible Technlgy Use Matters.
B．Cgnitive Decline Isn’t Just abut Aging.
C．Digital Tls May Actually Enhance Our Life.
D．Tech Use Isn’t Driving Dementia in Older Adults.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是关于新的研究表明长期使用数字技术（如智能手机、电脑）的“数字先驱”一代并未出现更高的认知衰退风险，反而可能因技术使用（如解谜、社交）降低认知衰退概率，反驳了“数字痴呆症”的担忧。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段“But new research indicates this view desn’t appear t be true, at least fr the “digital pineer” generatin wh first rutinely used smartphnes, cmputers and the Internet — and wh are nw reaching the age when cgnitive decline ften starts t appear. (但新的研究表明，这种观点似乎并不成立，至少对于“数字先驱”一代而言是如此。这一代人是第一批常规使用智能手机、电脑和互联网的群体，如今他们正步入认知衰退通常开始出现的年龄段。)”可知，“数字先驱”一代指的是首批定期使用数字工具的人群。故选C。
2．主旨大意题。根据第四段“One reasn sme researchers wrried abut “digital dementia” was previus research that linked televisin viewing, a passive activity, with negative utcmes such as an increased risk f Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默症). “On the surface, mst cmputer r smartphne screentime might seem similarly passive,” says the new paper’s c-authr Michael Scullin, a neurscience researcher at Baylr University. “But fr this grup f middle-aged and lder adults, phnes and cmputers have been used fr mentally stimulating activities and fr scial cnnectins, such as slving puzzles, engaging with the news, chatting with friends, r using reminders and alarms t help with daily activities.” (一些研究人员担忧“数字痴呆症”的原因之一，是此前有研究将看电视这种被动活动与负面结果（如阿尔兹海默症患病风险增加）关联起来。贝勒大学的神经科学研究员、该新论文的合著者迈克尔・斯卡林表示，“表面上看，大多数使用电脑或智能手机的屏幕时间似乎同样具有被动性。但对于这一群体的中老年人来说，手机和电脑一直被用于刺激性的脑力活动和社交联系，比如解谜、关注新闻、与朋友聊天，或是使用提醒和闹钟功能协助日常活动”)”可知，本段通过对比被动看电视（导致认知风险）与主动使用智能设备（如解谜、社交、新闻互动），解释了新研究的发现——数字技术因促进脑力活动反而降低认知衰退率。选项B“The analysis f the new research finding. (对新研究发现的分析。)”概括了段落核心。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“‘Digital dementia’ has always felt like a catchy but verstated cncept t me,” she adds. “Cgnitive fflading — using tls like reminders r GPS — is nt harmful by nature. In fact, it can free up cgnitive resurces fr mre cmplex tasks.” (她补充道：“数字痴呆症”向来是一个吸睛但言过其实的概念。“认知卸载——用提醒或全球定位系统等工具——本质上并无害处。事实上，它能为更复杂的任务释放认知资源”)”可知，斯卡拉皮认为“数字痴呆症”吸睛但言过其实，同时强调技术辅助（如提醒功能）能释放认知资源，本质无害，肯定其技术作用，表明她对“数字痴呆症”这一说法持批判态度。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第三段中“They fund that peple in the “digital pineer” generatin wh engaged mre with digital technlgy did nt have higher rates f cgnitive decline. In fact, technlgy use was assciated with lwer rates f cgnitive decline.(他们发现，“数字先驱”一代中更多接触数字技术的人，认知衰退的比例并未更高。事实上，使用技术反而与较低的认知衰退比例相关。)”并通读全文可知，文章核心是新研究推翻“长期使用数字技术导致老年人‘数字痴呆’”的观点，证明数字技术使用不仅不引发认知衰退，反而可能降低衰退率。选项D“Tech Use Isn’t Driving Dementia in Older Adults (技术使用不会导致老年痴呆症)”能概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D。
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1考查全文主旨概括
（5年1考）
2025北京卷—What is the passage mainly abut?
1.题材贴近现实，聚焦人文与社会议题：多围绕人际关系、社会现象、科技影响、文化传承等话题。
2.夹叙夹议文成为主旨考查重点：通过故事引出观点，主旨隐藏在叙事之后。
3.标题拟定题占比上升，要求选项简洁、精准覆盖全文，避免片面。
4.主旨与作者态度深度绑定：主旨题不再单纯考查“内容概括”，更侧重“观点提炼”，需结合作者情感倾向把握主旨。
5.段落主旨题考查增多，要求精准捕捉局部核心，而非全文主旨。
6.干扰项设计更具迷惑性：干扰项多采用“偷换概念”“范围扩大/缩小”“细节冒充主旨”，需强化对选项的甄别能力。
考点2考查标题拟定
（5年4考）
2022北京卷—Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
2023北京卷—Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
2024北京卷—Which wuld be the best title fr this passage?
2025北京卷—Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
考点3考查段落主旨概括
（5年1考）
2021北京卷—What is the main idea f Paragraph 1？
陷阱类型
识别方法
参考示例
以偏概全
仅涉及某段细节，未覆盖全文主线
干扰项A“Cmpare the current mdels with the previus nes”（仅涉及第三段局部对比，非主旨）
范围过大
选项内容超出文章讨论范围
干扰项D“Turn simulatins f the universe int realities”（文章未提及“将模拟变为现实”，范围过度延伸）
偷换概念
替换核心词汇，改变原文含义
干扰项B“Cntinue explring the classical mdels”（原文是“构建新模型”，而非“探索经典模型”）
主观臆断
加入文中未提及的观点或情感
干扰项C“Stp arguing whether the universe is a simulatin”（原文核心是“转向构建模型”，而非“停止争论”）
A．The specific steps t becme a chemical engineer.
B．Prf. Tey’s suggestins n envirnmental pllutin.
C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future.
D．The prmising career prspects f chemical engineers.