高考英语二轮讲义-阅读提分利器：词义猜测妙招（重难专练）（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮讲义-阅读提分利器：词义猜测妙招（重难专练）（北京专用）（教师版），共23页。试卷主要包含了上下文找线索，逻辑关系是核心，同义反义前后寻，举例解释定乾坤，跨题型融合趋势等内容，欢迎下载使用。

考点一：考查利用同义/近义关系猜测。
1.（2024北京高考真题）
The 18th-century philspher Kant argued that the universe ultimately cnsists f things-in-themselves that are unknwable. While he held the ntin that bjective reality exists, he said ur mind plays a necessary rle in structuring and shaping ur perceptins. Mdern sciences have revealed that ur perceptual experience f the wrld is the result f many stages f prcessing by sensry systems and cgnitive (认知的) functins in the brain. N ne knws exactly what happens within this black bx. If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.
What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Accepted by.B．Determined by.C．Awakened by.D．Discvered by.
答案：B
解析：
词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails t reveal reality, reasning wn’t reveal reality either since it relies n cncepts and wrds that are cntingent n ur scial, cultural and psychlgical histries. Again, a black bx.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于cntingent n我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词cncepts and wrds，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。
考点二：考查利用反义/对比关系猜测。
2.（2023北京高考真题）
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applicatins, the attempts t create artificial life culd have practical payffs. Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化). This is the capacity fr a system t create essentially endless cmplexity, t be a srt f “nvelty generatr”. The nly system knwn t exhibit this is Earth’s bisphere. If the field f ALife manages t reprduce life’s endless “creativity” in sme virtual mdel, thse same principles culd give rise t truly inventive machines.
What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Shcked.B．Prtected.C．Attracted.D．Challenged.
答案：C
解析：
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be cnsidered ALife’s cusin in that researchers in bth fields are enamred by a cncept called pen-ended evlutin (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamred)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
考点三：考查利用举例/解释关系猜测。
3.（2025北京高考真题）
Althugh my daughter didn’t win, she did help expse ne f the wrst pieces f advice I have ever given. In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is t repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy.
What des the wrd “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A．Majr achievements.B．Cmplex feelings.
C．Significant impacts.D．Fine differences.
答案：D
解析：
词句猜测题。根据第二段“ In my defence, I did what we’ve all dne befre, which is repeat received wisdm withut explring the nuances. But nw is the time t set the recrd straight, which starts with questining the idea that all scial cmparisn is unhealthy. (为自己辩护一下，我做了我们所有人都做过的事，就是重复那些大家都认可的观点，却没有探究其中的____。但现在是时候纠正这个观点了，首先要质疑所有社会比较都是不健康的这一想法。)” 可知，作者之前只是重复普遍观点，没有深入探究不同情况，现在要重新审视，所以“nuances”意思可能是 “细微差别”。故选D。
考点四：考查利用构词法猜测。
4.（2022北京高考真题）
As quantum cmputing attracts mre attentin and funding, researchers may mislead investrs, jurnalists, the public and, wrst f all, themselves abut their wrk’s ptential. If researchers can’t keep their prmises, excitement might give way t dubt, disappintment and anger, Jhnsn warns. Lts f ther technlgies have gne thrugh stages f excitement. But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.” And that brings me back t Taylr, wh suggested that I read his bk Q fr Quantum.
What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Open.B．Cl.C．Useful.D．Resistant.
答案：A
解析：
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But smething abut quantum cmputing makes it especially prne t hype, Jhnsn suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands fr smething cl yu shuldn’t be able t understand.”（ 但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prne被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故prne意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cl. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
近五年高考英语真题中构词法解析及备考建议
近五年高考英语真题中，构词法猜词题主要集中在派生、合成、转换三类，以语篇语境为依托，重点考查否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀及合成词拆分，以下是具体例子与考点总结。
一、近五年构词法猜词题真题汇总（2021-2025）
二、真题卷中构词法相关知识总结
（一）派生法（最核心高频）
前缀（改变词义，多不改变词性）
否定前缀：un-（unlikely）、im-/in-/ir-/il-（imperfect, invisible）、dis-（disappear）、mis-（misunderstand）、nn-（nnstp），如2022新高考II卷imperfectin（im-表否定）。
其他高频前缀：inter-（相互，如intercnnectedness）、pre-（前，如preview）、c-（共同，如cperate）、re-（再，如rebuild）。
后缀（改变词性，部分改义）
名词后缀：-tin/-atin（cmpletin，2024真题）、-ment（develpment）、-ness（happiness）、-ity（reality）、-er/-r（wrker, actr）。
形容词后缀：-y（tasty，2023真题）、-ful（helpful）、-less（hpeless）、-able/-ible（cmfrtable）、-al（natural）。
副词后缀：-ly（rarely，2023真题）、-ward（frward）。
（二）合成法（高频）
常见类型
名词+名词：classrm，dwnside（2021真题）。
形容词+名词：highway，strnghld。
副词+动词：utbreak，update。
名词+形容词：wrld-famus，gvernment-central（2024真题）。
解题关键：拆分单词，结合语境判断合成后的整体含义。
（三）转换法（语境依赖）
常见类型
名词转动词：dcument（文件→记录，2024真题）、water（水→浇水）。
动词转名词：walk（走→散步）、lk（看→表情）。
形容词转动词：empty（空的→倒空）、slw（慢的→放慢）。
解题关键：根据句子成分（如作谓语、宾语）判断词性变化，结合上下文确定词义。
（四）核心词根（辅助猜词）
高频词根：vis/vid（看，visible）、spect（看，inspect）、dict（说，predict）、prt（带，transprt）、scrib/script（写，describe），如intercnnectedness中cnnect（词根nect表连接）。
三、解题技巧与备考建议
优先记高频词缀：重点掌握否定前缀、名词/形容词/副词后缀，以及inter-、pre-、c-等常用前缀，形成“词缀敏感度”。
拆分合成词：遇到长词先拆分词根词缀或合成部分，再结合语境验证。
词性判断法：根据句子成分（主谓宾定状补）判断词性，进而推导词义，尤其适用于转换法与派生法构词。
语境验证原则：构词法提供词义方向，最终需通过上下文逻辑（如转折、因果、举例）确认准确含义。
考点五：考查利用因果关系猜测。
5.（2021北京高考真题）
The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins. Nt very lng ag, it was als unthinkable that a virus wuld shut dwn natins and that safety nets wuld be prven s disastrusly lacking in flexibility.
答案：D
解析：
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call fr public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this mment f still-uncntrlled pandemic and ecnmic crises in the wrld's mst technlgically advanced natins.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。
（建议用时：15分钟）
【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】
1．（2025·北京东城·一模）
It’s clear what the bees were ding: picking up and categrizing cmplex visual patterns in the pairs f images. But recgnizing differences acrss mediums is altgether different. Whether we’re writing pems r building sculptures, Gabra argues, we’re ding s with the same mind: ne that structures infrmatin in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and lngs t express the same ideas. Naturally, ur techniques and preccupatins in ne dmain shuld “ut” us in anther.
What des the underlined wrd “ut” in Paragraph 6 prbably mean?
A．Assist.B．Trick.C．Beat.D．Expse.
【答案】D
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据第六段中“Whether we’re writing pems r building sculptures, Gabra argues, we’re ding s with the same mind: ne that structures infrmatin in the same way, has been shaped by the same experiences, and lngs t express the same ideas. Naturally, ur techniques and preccupatins in ne dmain shuld ‘ut’ us in anther.(Gabra认为，无论我们是写诗还是建造雕塑，我们都是用同样的思维去做的：这种思维方式以同样的方式组织信息，受到同样的经验塑造，渴望表达同样的想法。自然而然地，我们在一个领域的技术和关注点应该会在另一个领域‘ut’我们)”可知，此处ut意为“暴露，揭示”，即我们在一个领域的技术和关注点会揭示我们在另一个领域的身份或特点。D选项“Expse(暴露)”与此意思相符。故选D。
2.（2024年全国甲卷英语真题）
Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up ntch" in paragraph 3?
A．Perfrm apprpriately.B．Mve faster.
C．Act strangely.D．D better.
【答案】D
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a ntch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【类型二：反义/对比关系】
3. （2025·北京海淀·二模）
Sherlck was nt a lne wlf. He built n the wrk f thers. One was an American schlar Gerge Marsh, wh had called attentin t defrestatin and the rle f humans as “disturbing agents”. In additin t revisiting defrestatin, Sherlck described the changed curses f rivers thrugh dams and canals; and the huge quantities f stuff peple mve while mining the raw materials f mdern civilizatin. Human impacts were becming s manifest, Sherlck argued, that the distinctin between “natural” and “artificial” was becming difficult t sustain. We needed a new term t study the effects f human activities n Earth. Scientists f later generatins fllwed his ftsteps. And in 2000 Eugene F. Strmer and Paul J. Crutzen frmally prpsed the wrd “Anthrpcene” in a paper.
What des the wrd “manifest” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
A．Direct.B．Diverse.C．Negative.D．Striking.
【答案】D
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“the distinctin between “natural” and “artificial” was becming difficult t sustain(“自然”和“人工”之间的区别越来越难以维持)”可知，人类的影响变得如此明显，以至于“自然”和“人为”之间的区别难以维持。故划线词意思是“显著的，引人注目的”。故选D。
4.（2025年全国高考一卷）As a new unit started, I asked everyne t write a persuasive piece n a health-related tpic f their chice. This time they fund the exercise much mre interesting. Fr the next tw assignments, a persnal-narrative unit fllwed by a creative-writing wrkshp, I nly required that the piece meet the specificatins f its genre (体裁) and that it cntain a thesis. The results were staggering. The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart.
What des the underlined wrd “staggering” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Mixed.B．Amazing.C．Similar.D．Disturbing.
【答案】B
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据文章第三段中划线词下文“The students tk n diverse tpics and turned in stries, 10 t 20 pages each, with characters that bradened my view and tuched my heart. (学生们选取了多样的主题，交上来的故事每篇都有10到20页长，其中的人物拓宽了我的视野，也触动了我的心)”可推知，此处指学生们写出了内容丰富、打动人心的故事，与之前的表现形成强烈对比。划线词“staggering”意为“令人惊叹的、惊人的”，与B选项“Amazing (惊人的)”语义一致。故选B。
【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】
5.（2025·北京西城·二模）
The WEF meeting tk place just tw weeks after Harvard University President Claudine Gay stepped dwn after cmplaints were made abut her plitical science schlarship. Gay’s trubles came after Stanfrd University President Marc Tessier Lavigne stepped dwn, after an internal investigatin cncluded that his neurscience research had “multiple prblems” and “fell belw custmary standards f scientific rigr.” Althugh it may be impssible t determine just hw widespread such prblems really are, it’s hard t imagine that the phenmenn f high-prfile schlars crrecting and withdrawing papers has nt had a negative impact n public trust in science and perhaps in experts bradly.
What des the wrd “rigr” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A．Quickness and cnvenience.B．Flexibility and penness.
C．Strictness and precisin.D．Fame and ppularity.
【答案】C
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“his neurscience research had “multiple prblems” and “fell belw custmary standards f scientific (他的神经科学研究存在“多重问题”，并且“低于科学……的标准)”可知，斯坦福大学的校长因他的神经科学研究存在“多个问题”且“低于科学严谨性的惯常标准”而辞职。由于研究存在问题且未达到标准，这里的“rigr”意味着在科学研究中高水平的严格性和精确性。故划线词意思是“严格、精确”。故选C。
（建议用时：15分钟）
【类型一：利用同义/近义关系】
1.（2025·北京西城·一模）
Indeed, beliefism is widespread in mdern sciety. A significant part f the prblem riginates frm the fact that we live in a wrld that is bth physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with peple frm ther walks f life. Scial media algrithms stke the fires f divisin, lcking us int ech chambers that reinfrce ur preexisting beliefs and shut dwn debate.
What des the underlined wrd “stke” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Fuel.B．Keep.C．Put.D．Cntain.
【答案】A
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“A significant part f the prblem riginates frm the fact that we live in a wrld that is bth physically and virtually divided. We rarely interact with peple frm ther walks f life.(这个问题的很大一部分源于我们生活在一个物理上和虚拟上都是分裂的世界。我们很少与各行各业的人打交道)”以及后文“lcking us int ech chambers that reinfrce ur preexisting beliefs and shut dwn debate(把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论)”可知，社交媒体算法点燃了分裂之火，把我们锁在回音室里，强化了我们已有的信念，关闭了辩论。故划线词意思是“点燃”，故选A。
2.（2025·北京东城·一模）
It is a literal descriptin: the neurns in the lcus ceruleus have the blue clur frm the prductin f a particular neurtransmitter, called nrepinephrine. Nrepinephrine raises the chance that a neurn will “fire” with an electric current. When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.
What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Neurns.B．Electric currents.
C．Prjectins.D．Neurtransmitters.
【答案】A
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“It is a literal descriptin: the neurns in the lcus ceruleus have the blue clur frm the prductin f a particular neurtransmitter, called nrepinephrine. Nrepinephrine raises the chance that a neurn will ‘fire’ with an electric current. When they becme active, cells in the lcus ceruleus pass bundles f this neurtransmitter alng their prjectins t ther regins f the brain-enhancing the cmmunicatin between the neurns in that area.(这是一个直白的描述：蓝斑核中的神经元因产生一种名为去甲肾上腺素的特殊神经递质而呈现蓝色。去甲肾上腺素增加了神经元通过电流 “放电” 的可能性。当它们变得活跃时，蓝斑核中的细胞会沿着它们的投射将这种神经递质束传递到大脑的其他区域，从而增强该区域神经元之间的交流)”可知，“they”指代的是前文中提到的“the neurns in the lcus ceruleus”，即“Neurns(神经元)”。故选A。
【类型二：反义/对比关系】
3.（2025·北京朝阳·二模）
Teamed with engineer Mike Hrachvec, Lynch redesigned Thrntn Creek. They strategically put lgs int the water at precise angles t create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pckets, generating hydraulic pressure t frce water dwn int the hyprheic zne. These accurately placed lgs and rcks, knwn as “hyprheic structures,” als create pckets f slw water that prvide safe shelters fr juvenile fish — all meant t emulate features f a natural stream. Subsequent data analysis cnfirmed the stream functined as Lynch’s team — and nature — intended.
What des the underlined wrd “emulate” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
A．Recrd.B．Cpy.C．Mnitr.D．Transfrm.
【答案】B
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据第三段中“They strategically put lgs int the water at precise angles t create tiny waterfalls and nearly still water pckets, generating hydraulic pressure t frce water dwn int the hyprheic zne. These accurately placed lgs and rcks, knwn as “hyprheic structures,” als create pckets f slw water that prvide safe shelters fr juvenile fish — all meant t emulate features f a natural stream. (他们从策略上以精确的角度把原木放入水中，以制造出小瀑布和近乎静止的水洼，产生液压将水挤压进潜流带。这些精准放置的原木和石头被称为“潜流结构”，它们还形成了水流缓慢的区域，为幼鱼提供了安全的庇护所——这一切都是为了emulate自然溪流的特征)”可知，这些结构和设计都是为了模仿天然溪流的特征，所以“emulate”与create意思相对，意思是“模仿”，与“cpy”意思相近。故选B。
【类型三：逻辑关系/构词法】
4.（2025·北京东城·二模）
If anything, the gratitude fr big tech’s genersity shws hw desperate newspapers are fr payment f any kind. Mre t the pint, it will nt change the underlying ecnmics f the glbal newspaper industry. That is because the ad-funded business mdel was living n fumes even befre the Internet ate the wrld this century. Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin, suggesting that prfits were supprted by ecnmic and ppulatin grwth, nt because the industry was prducing a mre ppular prduct.
The underlined phrase “was living n fumes” in Paragraph 6 prbably means ______.
A．was taking ffB．was mving frward
C．was falling apartD．was struggling alng
【答案】D
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据划线部分下文“Data shw that newspapers have been lsing share f ad dllars t TV since the 1950s — lng befre the web. Circulatin has als fallen relative t ppulatin(数据显示，自20世纪50年代以来——早在网络出现之前——报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降)”可知，早在网络出现之前报纸的广告收入份额就一直在输给电视。发行量相对于人口也有所下降，由此推知划线短语所在句意为“这是因为即使在本世纪互联网吞噬世界之前，广告资助的商业模式就已经难以为继了”，was living n fumes意为“在困难中坚持，勉力维持”，故选D。
5.（2025·北京朝阳·一模）
This idea f fight-r-flight circuits riginates frm the “triune brain” mdel dividing brains int the s-called lizard brain, including the PAG, fr survival functins, the “limbic system” fr emtins, and the “necrtex” fr higher-rder reasning. If yu knw anything abut evlutin, yu might knw that smething is spurius. The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic “system” r the “necrtex” fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively. S where des this leave the fight-r-flight stry?
Which des the underlined wrd “spurius” in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Rare.B．Wrng.C．Limited.D．Unexpected.
【答案】B
【解析】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“The nly animal n this planet with a lizard brain is a lizard. Als, there’s n unified limbic ‘system’ r the ‘necrtex’ fr emtins r ratinality (理性) respectively.(这个星球上唯一拥有“蜥蜴脑”的动物就是蜥蜴。此外，也不存在分别负责情感或理性的统一“边缘系统”或“新皮层”)”可知，地球上只有蜥蜴有蜥蜴脑，也没有分别用于情感或理性的统一的边缘 “系统” 或 “新皮质”。说明前面提到的 “三位一体脑” 模型是错误的，所以“spurius”意思是“错误的”。故选B。

（建议用时：15分钟）
Passage 1
（2025·广西·二模）In a wrld that is cping with a grwing ppulatin, there is a munting need t develp and manage systems, prducts, and prcesses that bst prductivity but with minimal envirnmental impact. T design a prduct r prcess well, yu first need t deeply understand hw a substance behaves. This is exactly where chemical engineers play a key rle.
“Chemical Engineering is all abut changing raw materials int useful prducts yu use every day in a safe and cst-effective way, such as using fssil il in making petrl, plastics and synthetic fibres and s n,” said Prfessr Tey Beng Ti frm the Schl f Engineering at Mnash University Malaysia.
A member f Institutin f Chemical Engineers (IChemE), Tey has published mre than 90 papers in leading scientific jurnals. “Chemical engineers basically understand hw t alter the chemical r bichemical state f a substance, t create everything frm face creams t fuels,” he said. The belief spurred Tey t launch a research prject eight years ag which has resulted in a discvery n hw t simplify the prductin prcess f therapeutic (治疗的) prtein such as virus-like particles.
He said the current flu vaccine is prduced in fertilised chicken eggs, but it has limitatins. Firstly, the virus yield is very lw, and the egg supply culd be affected by avian flu pandemics and s n. Apart frm that, peple allergic t eggs cannt receive such vaccines. In his research, Tey sught t purify virus-like particles via a chrmatgraphic (色谱法的) purificatin prcess. This new methd delivered up t 17 times higher prduct yield and cut prcessing time by 6-10 times, cmpared t cnventinal appraches. S far, they have filed 9 patents in Malaysia and published mre than 50 articles in leading internatinal scientific jurnals.
Tey said the wrk f a chemical engineer culd be extremely diverse, but it wuld always be relevant. “Whether yu fcus n develping future energy slutins, cntrlling pllutin r prtecting ur envirnment, yur future as a chemical engineer is bright.”
1．Why are chemical engineers key t prducts?
A．They master the characteristics f substances.
B．They minimize envirnment impact.
C．They end fssil-fuel use.
D．They cut csts.
2．Which can replace the underlined wrd “spurred” in paragraph 3?
A．Trained.B．Inspired.C．Expected.D．Discuraged.
3．What can we knw abut Tey’s chrmatgraphic purificatin prcess?
A．It has replaced the cnventinal methd.B．It requires mre raw materials.
C．It is mre efficient and prductive.D．It has been used in glbal markets.
4．What is mainly talked abut in the last paragraph?
A．The specific steps t becme a chemical engineer.
B．Prf. Tey’s suggestins n envirnmental pllutin.
C．The challenges chemical engineers face in the future.
D．The prmising career prspects f chemical engineers.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕化学工程师的作用、相关研究及职业前景展开介绍。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“T design a prduct r prcess well, yu first need t deeply understand hw a substance behaves. This is exactly where chemical engineers play a key rle. (要出色地设计一种产品或工艺，首先需要深入了解物质的特性，这正是化学工程师发挥关键作用的地方)”可知，化学工程师因掌握物质特性而在产品研发中起到关键作用。故选A项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第三段““Chemical engineers basically understand hw t alter the chemical r bichemical state f a substance, t create everything frm face creams t fuels,” he said. The belief spurred Tey t launch a research prject eight years ag which has resulted in a discvery n hw t simplify the prductin prcess f therapeutic (治疗的) prtein such as virus-like particles. (他说：“化学工程师基本上知道如何改变物质的化学或生化状态，从而制造出从面霜到燃料的各种产品。”这种信念____Tey在八年前启动了一项研究项目，该项目已经发现了如何简化诸如病毒样颗粒等治疗性蛋白质的生产过程)”可知，Tey指出化学工程师的核心能力是通过改变物质的化学或生化状态，创造出各种产品，正是这种对化学工程广泛应用潜力的信念，让他在八年前启动了研究项目。inspired表示“受启发而激励/推动”，与spurred在此处的因果逻辑相符。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“In his research, Tey sught t purify virus-like particles via a chrmatgraphic (色谱法的) purificatin prcess. This new methd delivered up t 17 times higher prduct yield and cut prcessing time by 6-10 times, cmpared t cnventinal appraches. (在他的研究中，Tey试图通过色谱纯化过程纯化病毒样颗粒。与传统方法相比，这种新方法的产品产量提高了高达17倍，加工时间缩短至1/6至1/10)”可知，Tey的层析法提纯工艺产量更高、耗时更短，即更高效高产。故选C项。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Tey said the wrk f a chemical engineer culd be extremely diverse, but it wuld always be relevant. “Whether yu fcus n develping future energy slutins, cntrlling pllutin r prtecting ur envirnment, yur future as a chemical engineer is bright.” (Tey说，化学工程师的工作可能非常多样化，但它总是相关的。“无论你专注于开发未来的能源解决方案、控制污染还是保护环境，作为一名化学工程师，你的未来都是光明的。”)”可知，本段主要讲述了化学工程师职业前景广阔。故选D项。
Passage 2
（2025·陕西·模拟预测）Yur creative hbbies culd d gd t yur brain, accrding t a new study.
The study lked at brain activity data frm 1,240 participants acrss 13 cuntries. Researchers used the data t create brain clcks — machine learning mdels that cmpare actual and neurlgical (神经系统的) age and can find cgnitive (认知的) differences in patients. Then, they applied thse mdels t 232 peple wh make art, dance, play vide games and make music, all with different levels f creative experience. Researchers fund that thse wh practiced their skill regularly had signs f slwer brain aging. The strngest link was fund in tang dancers, whse brains were n average seven years yunger than their bilgical age.
Even thse wh nly engaged in shrt-term training in a creative activity saw benefits, the research fund. “One f ur key takeaways is that yu d nt need t be an expert t benefit frm creativity. Indeed, we fund that learners gained frm brief vide game training sessins,” says Carls Crnel, the paper’s first authr.
Thse vide game training sessins invlved teaching 24 right-handed participants hw t play “StarCraft II”, a strategy vide game invlving creative prblem-slving. The training lasted 30 hurs ver three t fur weeks. Anther grup, used as a cntrl, was trained in “Hearthstne”, a digital cllectible card game that has mre cncrete rules and requires less strategic. Thse wh spent time playing “StarCraft II”each week shwed slwer brain aging and did better n brain tests after their training perid than cntrls. The mre skilled the participants were in their chsen art frms, the lwer their brain age, the researchers write.
The findings culd have imprtant public health implicatins, says Agustín Ibáñez, a scientist at Adlf Ibáñez University in Chile. Perhaps creativity, like exercise, culd be recmmended t patients t prtect brain health. “This is nt relevant nly fr neurscience, but it is a cultural and plicy pprtunity,” Ibáñez ntes. “Our scieties need t imagine healthy aging thrugh bth medical and nn-medical dmains, such as creativity, arts and play.”
5．Why did researchers make brain clcks?
A．T develp new brain vide games.B．T research varius art benefits.
C．T measure participants’ activities.D．T identify brain aging differences.
6．What des the underlined wrd “takeaways” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Cnclusins.B．Assumptins.C．Predictins.D．Experiments.
7．What des the study imply abut “StarCraft II”?
A．It requires mre brain pwer.B．It reduces brain health.
C．It simplifies brain wrk.D．It increases brain strategizing.
8．What is the study’s public health value accrding t Ibáñez?
A．Advancing medical refrm.B．Training lcal medical staff.
C．Bettering scial interactins.D．Prviding reference fr plicies.
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。一项新研究表明，有创造力的爱好对大脑有益，研究通过创建大脑时钟模型，发现定期进行艺术创作、舞蹈、游戏和音乐等活动的人大脑衰老速度较慢，即使是短期创造性活动培训也有益于提升大脑健康。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Researchers used the data t create brain clcks — machine learning mdels that cmpare actual and neurlgical age and can find cgnitive differences in patients. (研究人员利用这些数据构建了大脑时钟——这是一种机器学习模型，可对比人的实际年龄与神经年龄，进而发现患者存在的认知差异。)”可知，研究人员制作大脑时钟是为了识别大脑衰老的差异。故选D。
6．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Even thse wh nly engaged in shrt-term training in a creative activity saw benefits, the research fund. “One f ur key takeaways is that yu d nt need t be an expert t benefit frm creativity. Indeed, we fund that learners gained frm brief vide game training sessins,” says Carls Crnel, the paper’s first authr. (研究还发现，即便是只接受过短期创意活动训练的人，也能从中获益。该论文第一作者卡洛斯・科罗内尔表示：“我们的核心takeaways之一是，无需成为领域专家，普通人也能从创意活动中收获益处。事实上，我们发现，即便是通过短期电子游戏训练课程，初学者也能有所收获。”)”可知，这里是在阐述研究得出的核心观点，因此可推断takeaways在此处的含义是“结论”。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Anther grup, used as a cntrl, was trained in “Hearthstne”, a digital cllectible card game that has mre cncrete rules and requires less strategic.Thse wh spent time playing “StarCraft II” each week shwed slwer brain aging and did better n brain tests after their training perid than cntrls. The mre skilled the participants were in their chsen art frms, the lwer their brain age, the researchers write. (另一组作为对照组，接受了《炉石传说》这款游戏的训练，这是一款数字集换式卡牌游戏，规则更具体，对策略的要求也更低。结果显示，每周坚持玩《星际争霸Ⅱ》的参与者，在训练期结束后，大脑衰老速度比对照组更慢，且在脑部测试中表现更优。研究人员写道，参与者在所选艺术形式方面越熟练，其大脑年龄就越低。)”可知，玩《星际争霸 2》的参与者展现出更慢的大脑衰老速度，且脑测试表现优于对照组。由此可知，《星际争霸 2》需要创造性解决问题、具备更强的策略性，相比规则更具体的《炉石传说》，它需要更多的脑力投入，对应It requires mre brain pwer。故选A。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The findings culd have imprtant public health implicatins, says Agustín Ibáñez, a scientist at Adlf Ibáñez University in Chile. Perhaps creativity, like exercise, culd be recmmended t patients t prtect brain health. ‘This is nt relevant nly fr neurscience, but it is a cultural and plicy pprtunity,’ Ibáñez ntes. (智利阿道夫・伊瓦涅斯大学的科学家奥古斯丁・伊瓦涅斯表示，该研究成果对公共健康具有重要意义。或许，创意活动可以像运动一样，被推荐给患者，用于维护大脑健康。伊瓦涅斯强调：‘这一研究的意义不仅局限于神经科学领域，更是一次文化和政策层面的机遇。’)”可知，该研究的公共健康价值在于为相关政策制定提供参考。故选D。
考点
五年考情（2021-2025）
命题趋势
考点1考查利用同义/近义关系猜测
（5年1考）
2025北京卷—What des the phrase “cntingent n” underlined in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
1.考查范围扩大化：从单一单词猜测转向短语、指代、句意转换等多元考查。
2.逻辑依赖性增强：答案需紧扣上下文因果、转折、递进关系，而非孤立词汇。
3.语境关联性深化：词汇含义与文章主题、文化背景紧密结合，如2022年第45题“prne”需联系量子计算的炒作现象。
4.熟词生义常态化：高频词在特定语境中的特殊含义成为考查热点。
5.干扰项迷惑性提升：干扰项多为词汇字面意思或无关含义，需通过逻辑验证排除。
6.跨题型融合趋势：词义猜测与主旨理解、细节推理结合，需兼顾局部含义与整体语境。
考点2考查利用反义/对比关系猜测
（5年1考）
2023北京卷—What des the wrd “enamred” underlined in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
考点3考查利用举例/解释关系猜测
（5年1考）
2025北京卷—What des the wrd “nuances” underlined in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
考点4考查利用构词法猜测
（5年1考）
2022北京卷—What des the underlined wrd “prne” in Paragraph 3 mst prbably mean?
考点5考查利用因果关系猜测
（5年1考）
2021北京卷—What des the underlined wrd “germane” in Paragraph 3 prbably mean?
词义猜测题正确答案特征与干扰项识别
1.正确答案特征：
(1)符合上下文逻辑，与主题一致；
(2)不脱离语境，非词汇字面含义；
(3)与前后文存在明确的同义、反义或解释关系。
2.干扰项特征：
(1)直接取词汇字面意思（如“prne”干扰项“Cl”“Useful”）；
(2)与上下文逻辑矛盾；
(3)含义过于绝对或宽泛（如“all”“never”等词）；
(4)与文章主题无关。
利用反义/对比关系猜测词义的依据
① 句中出现与目标词语义相反的词汇，形成明显对立；② but、hwever、yet、while 等转折、让步连词连接的前后内容，存在语义反差，可反向推导目标词含义；③ 、instead f、rather than 等结构体现的否定对比关系，能辅助判断词义。
利用举例/解释关系猜测词义的依据
① fr example、fr instance、such as 等举例标志词后，会列举与目标词相关的具体实例，结合实例可归纳词义；② 破折号、冒号、括号后的内容，通常是对目标词的直接解释说明；③ 文中出现的定义式表达，会明确界定目标词的内涵。
利用构词法猜词依据
① 词根词缀法，通过识别目标词的已知词根、前缀（如 un-表否定、re-表重复）、后缀（如 -tin 表名词、-able 表形容词），组合推导词义；② 合成法，由两个或多个已知单词拼接而成的新词，可拆解单词分别理解后再整合词义，如 classrm = class + rm。
单词
构词类型
解题要点
答案
dcument（动词）
转换法
名词“文件”转义为动词“记录”，结合语境“记录物种”判断
记录
gvernment-central
合成法
gvernment（政府）+central（中心的），结合语境“俄罗斯中东部政府中心”
政府中心的
tasty
派生法
taste（名词/动词）+-y后缀变形容词，意为“美味的”
美味的
imperfectin
派生法
im-（否定前缀）+perfect（完美的）+-in（名词后缀），表“不完美”
不完美
dwnside
合成法
dwn（向下）+side（方面），结合后文“失去不同思维风格学生的风险”
缺点、不足
intercnnectedness
派生法
inter-（相互）+cnnect（连接）+-ed（形容词后缀）+-ness（名词后缀），表“相互关联”
相互关联
利用因果关系猜测词义的依据
① 借助 because、since、as 等表原因的连词，根据已知原因推导结果类目标词的含义；② 借助 s、therefre、thus、as a result 等表结果的连词，根据已知结果反推原因类目标词的含义；③ 通过 lead t、cause 等因果动词连接的逻辑链条，判断目标词的语义。