高考英语一模突破卷01（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一模突破卷01（北京专用）（教师版），共25页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（新题材）Yesterday, my brther, Max, and I were playing arund, hitting each ther with pillws, when ne slipped and ___1___ the glass dme; shattering it int pieces!
Hearing the crash and the sund f glass hitting the flr, my mm came flying int the rm t find ut what had happened. I was sure she was ging t start yelling at us. ____2____, she just knelt by the pieces and began t cry.
This made Max and me feel pretty ____3____. We went ver and put ur arms arund her and she explained there was a white prcelain rse under the glass dme. Dad had____4____the rse t her n their first wedding anniversary. The prcelain rse was like their lve — it wuld last a lifetime. Nw it was brken, ne petal gne.
As mm began t pick up the mess, we tried everything we culd t cheer her up, but even ur best funny faces didn’t ____5____. The tears kept cming dwn her cheeks.
After everything was ___6___ and mm was n her way t the bath I stpped her in the hall. I put bth hands n her shulders and tld her, “All things can be brken, mm. But lve is the nly thing that can never be brken.” Mm ___7___ me very tightly then and finally smiled.
After dinner that night, we had a family meeting. We discussed ____8____, and the imprtance f learning frm them. Mm ___9___ the petal back nt the rse. The tiny petal nw had a thin, almst invisible line f glue. Then Mm sftly said, “This tiny flaw f the rse reminds me f smething mre imprtant: the realizatin that nly _____10_____ lasts frever.”
1. A. kickedB. brkeC. raisedD. held
2. A. TherefreB. MreverC. MeanwhileD. Instead
3. A. awfulB. relaxedC. annyedD. excited
4. A. shwnB. presentedC. lentD. sld
5. A. reactB. matterC. wrkD. appear
6. A. cleaned upB. used upC. washed upD. cut up
7. A. fllwedB. pulledC. draggedD. hugged
8. A. slutinsB. ideasC. questinsD. mistakes
9 A. sewedB. gluedC. putD. tied
10. A. friendshipB. gratitudeC. lveD. frgiveness
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. D 9. B 10. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和弟弟在玩时打碎了父亲送给母亲的结婚周年礼物白色瓷玫瑰花瓶，母亲很伤心。作者和弟弟感到很惭愧，想尽一些努力使母亲高兴起来。最终母亲修复了花瓶，并表示这个小小的瑕疵提醒了她，只有爱是永恒的。
1.考查动词词义辨析。句意：昨天，我弟弟麦克斯和我在玩，用枕头互相打对方，其中一个滑落了，把玻璃圆顶打碎了；把它打得粉碎！A. kicked踢；B. brke打碎；C. raised募集；D. held举着。下文“shattering it int pieces”提到把它打得粉碎。由此可知，此处应表示作者和弟弟在玩的时候，把玻璃圆顶打碎了。故选B项。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，她只是跪在碎片旁边哭了起来。A. Therefre因此；B. Mrever此外；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Instead相反的是。根据上文“I was sure she was ging t start yelling at us.”以及下文“she just knelt by the pieces and began t cry”可知，上下文形成转折关系。故选D项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让我和麦克斯感觉很糟糕。A. awful糟糕的；B. relaxed放松的；C. annyed恼怒的；D. excited激动的。根据上文提到的母亲跪在碎片旁边哭了起来，以及下文“We went ver and put ur arms arund her”可知，此处应表示作者和弟弟感觉很糟糕。故选A项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们结婚一周年纪念日那天，爸爸把这朵瓷玫瑰送给了她。A. shwn展示；B. presented赠送；C. lent借出；D. sld销售。根据下文“n their first wedding anniversary”以及“The prcelain rse was like their lve — it wuld last a lifetime.”可知，此处应表示在他们结婚一周年纪念日那天，爸爸把这朵瓷玫瑰送给了她。present sth t sb“把……送给某人”。故选B项。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当妈妈开始收拾残局时，我们想尽一切办法让她高兴起来，但即使是我们最滑稽的表情也不起作用。A. react反应；B. matter要紧；C. wrk起作用，工作；D. appear出现。上文“we tried everything we culd t cheer her up”提到我们想尽一切办法让她高兴起来，结合but转折可知，此处应表示即使是我们最滑稽的表情也不起作用。故选C项。
6. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：一切都打扫干净了，妈妈正要去洗澡，我在走廊里拦住了她。A. cleaned up打扫干净；B. used up用完；C. washed up洗脸洗手；D. cut up切碎。上文“As mm began t pick up the mess”提到妈妈开始收拾残局，结合下文“mm was n her way t the bath”可知，此处应表示一切都打扫干净了，妈妈要去洗澡。故选A项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈紧紧地拥抱着我，最后笑了。A. fllwed跟随；B. pulled拉；C. dragged拖；D. hugged拥抱。根据上文“I put bth hands n her shulders”以及下文“and finally smiled”可知，此处应表示妈妈紧紧地拥抱着作者，最后笑了。故选D项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了错误，以及从中学习的重要性。A. slutins解决办法；B. ideas主意；C. questins问题；D. mistakes错误。根据上文提到的作者和弟弟把玻璃圆顶打碎了，以及下文“and the imprtance f learning frm them”可知，此处应表示我们讨论了错误，以及从中学习的重要性。故选D项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈把花瓣粘在玫瑰上。A. sewed缝补；B. glued用胶水粘；C. put放；D. tied系。根据下文“almst invisible line f glue”可知，此处应表示妈妈把花瓣粘在玫瑰上。故选B项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后妈妈轻轻地说：“玫瑰上的这个小瑕疵让我想起了更重要的事情：只有爱才是永恒的。”A. friendship友谊；B. gratitude感激；C. lve爱；D. frgiveness原谅。根据上文提到的“But lve is the nly thing that can never be brken”可知，此处应表示只有爱才是永恒的。故选C项。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
（原创题）One day last summer, I 11.______ (take) a walk in the park near my hme when I nticed an ld man sitting alne n a bench. He seemed lst in thught, his eyes fixed n the flwers 12.______ (blm) alng the path. I stpped and greeted him, hping t ffer sme cmfrt. We talked fr a while, and he tld me stries f his yuth, 13.______ tuched me deeply.
【答案】11.tk12.blming13.which
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇记叙文。通过“一天夏天”引入故事，刻画公园偶遇老人的情景，体现温情与人际交流的主题。
11.考查谓语动词时态（一般过去时）。句意：去年夏天的一天，我在家附近的公园散步。有时间状语 last summer，表示过去发生的事，动词用过去式 tk。故填tk。
2. 考查非谓语动词，现在分词作定语。句意：他的目光停留在小径旁盛开的花朵上。flwers与 blm是主动关系，现在分词表示正在进行的状态，修饰名词 flwers。故填blming。
3. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：他给我讲了他年轻时的故事，这些故事深深打动了我。which指代 stries, 在定语从句中作主语。故填which。
B
（原创题）The Internet has becme an essential part f ur daily life, cnnecting peple acrss the glbe in ways never imagined befre. It prvides us with instant access 14.______ infrmatin and allws us t share ideas freely. Hwever, we must be aware that nt all cntent nline is reliable; sme may be misleading r even harmful. T use it wisely, ne shuld learn t judge surces with care and develp the ability t think 15.______ (critical). Mrever, the Internet ffers pprtunities fr learning new skills, helping users gain the knwledge that can enrich their 16.______(life). In this sense, it serves as a pwerful tl fr 17.______ (grw) and discvery, which is cnstantly updated by millins f peple arund the wrld, making it a living surce f fresh ideas.
【答案】14.t15.critically16.lives17.grwth
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要介绍互联网的作用、优势及注意事项，强调理性使用。
14. 考查介词。句意：它为我们提供了获取信息的即时途径。固定短语 access t，表示“获得……的途径”。故填t。
15. 考查形容词变副词。句意：为了理智使用，人们应该学会细心判断资源，发展批判性思考的能力。副词 critically修饰动词 think，形容词 critical变为副词加 -ly。故填critically。
16. 考查名词复数。句意：…帮助用户获得能够丰富他们的生活的各种知识。此处表示多个人的生命，故用复数。故填lives。
17. 考查词性转换。句意：在这个意义上来说，它作为成长和发现的强有力的工具。介词fr后用名词，故grw变为名词形式，故填grwth。
C
（原创题）Sme peple argue that technlgy islates us frm real human interactin, but I firmly believe it brings us clser tgether. The ability t cmmunicate instantly enables families 18.______ (separate) by distance t stay in tuch. Besides, technlgy 19._______(inspire) creativity, encuraging yung minds t explre and create things they might nt have imagined therwise. It is ur respnsibility t guide its use s that it benefits sciety as a whle, rather than letting it cntrl us. In fact, the future depends n hw wisely we apply it 20.______ (build) a mre inclusive wrld.
【答案】18. separated 19.inspires 20.t build
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者反驳“科技使人孤立”的观点，认为科技拉近人与人的距离，帮助家庭保持联系，鼓励创新，并强调应引导科技为社会整体利益服务。
18. 考查非谓语动词。句意：不断沟通的能力确保被距离分开的家庭保持练习。设空处与空前名词families之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填separated。
19. 考查谓语动词时态和主谓一致。句意：除此之外，科技激发创造力，鼓励年轻人去探索和创造他们之前可能不会想象的东西。此空是句子的谓语，和主语technlgy之间是主动关系，不用被动语态，又因为上文enables所用时态为一般现在时，故也用一般现在时，故填inspires。
20. 考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，未来取决于我们多明智地运用它来建设一个更加包容的世界。不定式 t build表示目的，说明运用科技的目标。故填t build。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（新题材）Dear Teachers and Parents,
This June, during Financial Literacy Mnth, we have sme t share.
In 2015, a free nline financial educatin curse named FutureSmart was intrduced t middle schl students, specifically targeting this grup at a time in their lives when financial habits take hld and grw.
Fast frward t tday, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached ver 13,000 schls acrss all 50 states. Mre than tw millin students have cmpleted the curse, with almst half cming frm lw-t-mderate incme families.
But we aren’t stpping there. We prmise t reach fur millin mre students by the end f 2025.
Why? Because this mment calls fr brave actin. Never befre have mney management and investment decisins been s easy t cnduct at any time r place thrugh the use f a smartphne. It is time t ffer students mre critical financial literacy educatin t encurage them t make gd financial decisins n a daily basis as they make their way thrugh a cmplex wrld.
Frm weighing pprtunity csts t delaying instant satisfactin fr lng-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates ur yuth using hands-n simulatins (模拟) t intrduce cncepts like daily financial decisins and the rewards f lng-term planning. Teaching yung learners hw t build slid financial fundatins is an imprtant step in building financially healthy cmmunities.
Althugh ur wrk is far frm cmplete, we knw that FutureSmart wrks. And it wrks exceptinally well.
In the largest study f its kind, supprted by the MassMutual Fundatin and EVERFI, the University f Massachusetts Dnahue Institute (UMDI) recently cncluded that 90% f students saw a statistically significant and educatinally meaningful increase in knwledge after taking the FutureSmart curse.
What’s mre, these results were cnsistent acrss all student demgraphics including race, age, gender, schl year, and sciecnmic status.
We have a lng way t g t reach every single middle schl student, but we welcme the challenge. Tgether, ur teams have started a mvement t prvide equal access t financial educatin, and we invite thers t jin us.
Visit getfuturesmart. cm t learn mre and see hw yu can bring FutureSmart t the yung peple in yur life.
MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZ
Head f MassMutual US President and C-Funder f EVERFI
21. The curse FutureSmart .
A. is ffered in tw different languagesB. requires skillful smartphne peratin
C. has been bught by a large number f schlsD. targets students frm lw-t-mderate incme families
22. Hw des FutureSmart intrduce financial cncepts?
A. By establishing financially healthy cmmunities.B. By managing pprtunities and rewards.
C. By simulating real-life situatins.D. By delaying financial gain.
23. After taking the curse, the students shuld be able t .
A imprve their academic perfrmanceB. accept financial challenges at any time
C. understand peple frm varius backgrundsD. build a stable financial fundatin fr the future
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。一门名为FutureSmart的免费在线金融教育课程被介绍给了中学生，该课程专门针对这一群体，旨在教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础。
21. 细节理解题。根据第三段首句“Fast frward t tday, FutureSmart, available in English and Spanish, has reached ver 13,000 schls acrss all 50 states. (快进到今天，FutureSmart有英语和西班牙语版本，已经覆盖了美国50个州的13000多所学校。)”可知，FutureSmart课程以两种不同的语言提供。故选A。
22. 细节理解题。根据第六段首句“Frm weighing pprtunity csts t delaying instant satisfactin fr lng-term financial gain, FutureSmart educates ur yuth using hands-n simulatins (模拟) t intrduce cncepts like daily financial decisins and the rewards f lng-term planning. (从权衡机会成本到为了长期财务收益而推迟即时满足，FutureSmart通过实际模拟教育我们的年轻人，介绍日常财务决策和长期规划奖励等概念。)”可知，FutureSmart通过模拟现实情况引入金融概念。故选C。
23.推理判断题。根据第六段末句“Teaching yung learners hw t build slid financial fundatins is an imprtant step in building financially healthy cmmunities. (教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础是建立财务健康社区的重要一步。)”以及第七段“Althugh ur wrk is far frm cmplete, we knw that FutureSmart wrks. And it wrks exceptinally well. (虽然我们的工作还远未完成，但我们知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。)”可知，FutureSmart课程是为了教年轻人如何建立坚实的财务基础，且效果非常好。所以，学习完课程后，学生应该能够为未来建立一个稳定的财务基础。故选D。
B
“N,” Mama Lil said it plain and simple. “I ain’t never heard f n girls t be ding that. Bebe, yu need t be getting yurself a real summer jb, smething civilized.”
I’d been living with Mama Lil since I was six, when my wn mama and daddy were killed in an apartment building fire. Lillian Jhns was my mm’s mther. Everybdy n ur street called her Mama Lil and that was what I called her t. I had been butting heads with her ever since I culd remember. And the lder I gt, the mre at dds we were and the mre cnflicts we experienced.
Fr weeks I’d been asking Mama Lil t let me jin the yuth renvatin (修缮) team. It was a grup f kids wh had been chsen by city fficials t wrk with engineers t help repair the Brklyn Bridge. The prject wuld last the summer and pay gd mney. It wuld help me get t cllege, where I wanted t study engineering.
But fr Mama Lil, the thing that made her the mst stubbrn this time, was exactly my dream f becming an engineer. In sme respects, Mama Lil was right. It was true that there weren’t many black wmen engineers. But I wanted t build bridges mre than anything.
“Let me g, Mama Lil,” I begged sftly.
Mama Lil sat as still as a statue. “Mama Lil,” I said carefully, “if yu dn’t sign the bridge prject permissin frm, I will sign it myself. Nbdy will knw the difference.”
The next mrning, Mama Lil’s eyes lked red-tired. “I’m ging t the bridge,” I said firmly. “I knw, Bebe,” she said. Frm her husedress pcket, she tk ut a pen and signed the frm. “Bebe, that bridge is lucky t have yu,” she said.
I hugged Mama Lil gd and hard, smiling big, right at her.
…
Ahead, in the distance, std the Brklyn Bridge. This was the best spt t see the bridge. I’d cme t this crner and studied the bridge a millin times. And n every ne f thse times, I was taken with what I’d cme t call Brklyn Belle.
At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cludless night like this ne, she was a sight like n ther in the whle city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.
I had drawn Belle in the high-nn light, at sunset, n snwy days, and n fggy twilight mrnings... I was prud f my drawings, but with each page they shwed a sad truth abut Belle: She needed repair. That bridge renvatin prject needed me; and I needed it, in mre ways than I culd cunt.
24. Mama Lil refused t sign the permissin frm mainly because ______.
A. she had becme stubbrn in her ld ageB. she wuldn’t allw Bebe t have a summer jb
C. she thught the bridge prject was t dangerusD. she didn’t supprt Bebe’s desire t be an engineer
25. What can we learn frm the stry?
A. Bebe lst her parents in the bridge prject.
B. Bebe liked t draw the bridge n winter mrnings.
C. Bebe and Mama Lil ften gt int arguments with each ther.
D. Bebe called her grandma Mama Lil because she was her mm’s mther.
26. By mentining the name “Brklyn Belle”, the authr intends t help readers ______.
A. recall the histry f the bridgeB. appreciate the bridge’s beauty
C. ignre the damage t the bridgeD. imagine the bridge’s future lk
27. Which f the fllwing culd be the theme f this stry?
A. Dreams knw n clr r gender.B. Elders always make the best decisins.
C. Cnflict usually reslves itself in the end.D. Pride wins ut but makes things mre difficult.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者想要参加修复布鲁克林大桥的项目，作者的外婆不允许作者当工程师，因为当时黑人女性工程师并不多，但是最后她的外婆终于同意了。
24. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“But fr Mama Lil, the thing that made her the mst stubbrn this time, was exactly my dream f becming an engineer.”（但对Mama Lil来说，这次让她最固执的事情，恰恰是我想成为一名工程师的梦想。）可知，Mama Lil拒绝在这份同意书上签字，主要是因为她不支持Bebe想成为一名工程师的愿望，故选D。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段的“I had been butting heads with her ever since I culd remember. And the lder I gt, the mre at dds we were and the mre cnflicts we experienced.”（从记事起，我就一直与她作对。随着年龄的增长，我们之间的矛盾越来越多，我们经历的冲突也越来越多。）可知，Bebe和Mama Lil经常吵架。故选C。
26. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“And n every ne f thse times, I was taken with what I’d cme t call Brklyn Belle.”（每一次，我都被我称之为Brklyn Belle的东西迷住了。）和倒数第二段的“At night, Belle was dressed in tiny light. On a cludless night like this ne, she was a sight like n ther in the whle city. Jeweled in light. Beautiful.”（晚上，微弱的灯光洒在Belle身上。在这样一个万里无云的夜晚，她的身影在整个城市里是绝无仅有的。饰有宝石的光。美丽。）可知，通过提到“Brklyn Belle”这个名字，作者想帮助读者欣赏这座桥的美丽，故选B。
27. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段的“It was true that there weren’t many black wmen engineers. But I wanted t build bridges mre than anything.”（的确，当时黑人女性工程师并不多。但我最想做的是修建桥梁。）可知，本文主要讲的是作者虽然是黑人，但是却想当工程师修建桥梁，因此本文的主题是“梦不分肤色和性别”，即Dreams knw n clr r gender，故选A。
C
（新话题）Will there ever be anther Einstein? This is the undercurrent f cnversatin at Einstein memrial meetings thrughut the year. A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a lng time. After all, mre than 200 years separated Einstein frm his nearest rival, Isaac Newtn.
Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been brn yet, r is a baby nw. That’s because the quest fr a unified thery that wuld accunt fr all the frces f nature has pushed current mathematics t its limits. New math must be created befre the prblem can be slved.
But researchers say there are many ther factrs wrking against anther Einstein emerging anytime sn.
Fr ne thing, physics is a much different field tday. In Einstein’s day, there were nly a few thusand physicists wrldwide, and the thereticians wh culd intellectually rival Einstein prbably wuld fit int a streetcar with seats t spare.
Educatin is different, t. One crucial aspect f Einstein’s training that is verlked is the years f philsphy he read as a teenager — Kant, Schpenhauer and Spinza, amng thers. It taught him hw t think independently and abstractly abut space and time, and it wasn’t lng befre he became a philspher himself.
“The independence created by philsphical insight is — in my pinin — the mark f distinctin between a mere artisan (工匠) r specialist and a real seeker after truth,” Einstein wrte in 1944.
And he was an accmplished musician. The interplay between music and math is well knwn. Einstein wuld furiusly play his vilin as a way t think thrugh a kntty physics prblem.
Tday, universities have prduced millins f physicist s. There aren’t many jbs in science fr them, s they g t Wall Street and Silicn Valley t apply their analytical skills t mre practical — and rewarding — effrts.
“Maybe there is an Einstein ut there tday,” said Clumbia University physicist Brian Greene “but it wuld be a lt harder fr him t be heard.”
Especially cnsidering what Einstein was prpsing.
“The actual fabric f space and time curving? My Gd, what an idea!” Greene said at a recent gathering at the Aspen Institute. “It takes a certain type f persn wh will bang his head against the wall because yu believe yu’ll find the slutin.”
Perhaps the best examples are the five scientific papers Einstein wrte in his “miracle year” f1905. These “thught experiments” were pages f calculatins signed and submitted t the prestigius jurnal Annalen der Physik by a virtual unknwn. There were n ftntes r citatins.
What might happen t such a submissin tday?
“We all get papers like thse in the mail,” Greene said. “We put them in the junk file.”
28. What d scientists seem t agree upn, judging frm the first tw paragraphs?
A. Einstein pushed mathematics almst t its limits.
B. It will be sme time befre a new Einstein emerges.
C. It will take anther Einstein t build a unified thery.
D. N physicist is likely t surpass Einstein in the next 200 years.
29. What was critical t Einstein’s success?
A. His slid fundatin in math thery.B. His independent and abstract thinking.
C. His talent as an accmplished musician.D. His untiring effrt t fulfill his ptential.
30. What des the authr tell us abut physicist s tday?
A. They tend t neglect training in analytical skills.
B. They are very gd at slving practical prblems.
C. They ften g int fields yielding greater financial benefits.
D. They attach great imprtance t publishing academic papers.
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨是否会再出现爱因斯坦式的科学伟人及相关制约因素。
28. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“A new Einstein will emerge, scientists say. But it may take a lng time. After all, mre than 200 years separated Einstein frm his nearest rival, Isaac Newtn. (科学家们说，一个新的爱因斯坦将会出现。但这可能需要很长时间。毕竟，爱因斯坦和他最接近的对手艾萨克・牛顿相隔了200多年)”以及第二段中的“Many physicists say the next Einstein hasn’t been brn yet, r is a baby nw. (许多物理学家说，下一个爱因斯坦还没有出生，或者现在还是个婴儿)”可知，科学家们一致认为新的爱因斯坦式人物的出现还需要很长时间。故选B项。
29. 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“One crucial aspect f Einstein’s training that is verlked is the years f philsphy he read as a teenage — Kant, Schpenhauer and Spinza, amng thers. It taught him hw t think independently and abstractly abut space and time, and it wasn’t lng befre he became a philspher himself. (爱因斯坦成长过程中一个被忽视的关键因素是他青少年时期读过的多年哲学著作 —— 康德、叔本华、斯宾诺莎等人的作品。这教会了他如何独立且抽象地思考空间和时间，不久之后他自己也成了一名哲学家)”可知，独立且抽象的思维能力是爱因斯坦成功的关键。故选B项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第八段中的“Tday, universities have prduced millins f physicists. There aren’t many jbs in science fr them, s they g t Wall Street and Silicn Valley t apply their analytical skills t mre practical — and rewarding — effrts. (如今，大学已经培养了数百万名物理学家。科学领域的工作岗位并不多，所以他们去了华尔街和硅谷，将自己的分析技能应用到更实际且回报更高的工作中)”可知，如今的物理学家们往往会进入经济效益更高的领域。故选C项。
D
（新热点）In the 20th century, the definitin f prgress seemed clear. It was grwth, measured in terms f natinal incme, r grss dmestic prduct (GDP). And that grwth was t be endless, an ever-rising curve. N matter hw rich a natin already was, its pliticians and ecnmists wuld cnsistently claim that the slutins t its prblems — frm pverty t pllutin — depended n yet mre grwth. But unfrtunately, this prmise has nt been delivered n.
First, it’s useful t recgnize that grwth, after all, is a wnderful, healthy phase f life, which is why peple the wrld ver lve t see children, gardens and trees grw. N wnder the western mind s readily accepted it as the shape f ecnmic prgress, t, and simultaneusly adpted the very 20th-century mantra that “mre is better”, bth persnally and natinally.
Yet if we lk t nature, it’s clear that nthing succeeds by grwing frever: anything that seeks t d s will, in the prcess, destry itself r the system n which it depends. Things that succeed grw until they are grwn up, at which pint they mature, enabling them t thrive, smetimes fr hundreds f years. As the bimimicry (仿生学) pineer Janine Benyus reminds us, a tree keeps grwing nly up t the pint that it is still capable f sending nutrients t the leaves at the utermst tips f its branches, at which pint it stps. Its pursuit f grwth is bunded by a greater gal f distributing and circulating the resurces that nurture and sustain the health f its whle being.
Althugh we can easily appreciate the limits f grwth in the living wrld, when it cmes t ur ecnmies, we have a harder time. Thanks t the availability f cheap fssil fuel-based energy in the 20th century, rapid ecnmic grwth came t be seen as nrmal and natural, indeed as essential. Its cntinuatin ver many decades led t the creatin f institutinal designs and plicies that are dependent n grwth withut end. In ther wrds, we have inherited ecnmies that need t grw, whether r nt they make us thrive.
This requirement has becme s lcked int ecnmic theries, plitical narratives and public expectatins that, ver recent decades, we’ve witnessed desperate and ften destructive measures designed t rebt grwth when it becmes elusive.
Instead f excessively pursuing grwth, it is time t pursue well-being fr all peple as part f a thriving wrld, with plicymaking that is designed in the service f this gal. This results in a very different cnceptin f prgress: in the place f endless grwth we seek a dynamic balance, ne that aims t meet the essential needs f every persn while prtecting the life-supprting systems f ur planetary hme.
Tackling inequality needs t be at the heart f a new ec-scial cntract. Nt nly des this bring benefits in terms f imprving life satisfactin; it helps us reduce the size f ur natinal eclgical ftprints, via the well-dcumented links between greater fairness and mre mderate cnsumptin. It can als help t blck the cncentratin f wealth and ecnmic pwer in the hands f a few, therefre aviding a system that advantages the already wealthy.
When we turn away frm grwth as the gal, we can fcus directly n asking what it wuld take t deliver scial and eclgical well-being, thrugh an ecnmy that is regenerative and distributive by design. There are many pssibilities — such as driving a lw-carbn, zer-waste industrial transfrmatin, with a green jbs guarantee, alngside persnal carbn allwances and prgressive wealth taxes. Plicies like these were, nly a decade ag, cnsidered t radical t be realistic. Tday they lk nthing less than essential.
31. The authr cites Janine Benyus t illustrate that .
A. grwth shuld be limited t prtect the resurces B. unlimited grwth is nt necessarily sustainable
C. the view that “mre is better” als applies t natureD. nature prvides a perfect mdel fr ecnmic grwth
32. What des the underlined wrd “elusive” in Paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Hard t tell.B. Tricky t tackle.C. Difficult t understand.D. Tugh t achieve.
33. It can be inferred frm the passage that .
A. peple tend t use resurces mre reasnably with imprved equality
B. wealth and pwer shuld be distributed t the advantage f rich peple
C. the requirement fr grwth is easily adaptable t changing ecnmic cnditins
D. a balance between scial and eclgical well-being can be reached within endless grwth
34. Which f the fllwing best describes the rganizatin f this article?
A. Identifying a pressing prblem, ffering varius slutins, and evaluating their effectiveness.
B. Explaining a natural prcess, relating it t human activities, and suggesting a change in view.
C. Presenting a traditinal view, discussing its appeal and limitatins, and prpsing a new apprach.
D. Intrducing a well-knwn thery, cmparing it with anther thery, and suggesting imprvements.
【答案】31.B 32. D 33. A 34. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要批判以无限经济增长定义进步的传统观念，指出其不可持续性，并提出以全民福祉和生态平衡为核心的新发展理念。
31. 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“As the bimimicry pineer Janine Benyus reminds us, a tree keeps grwing nly up t the pint that it is still capable f sending nutrients t the leaves at the utermst tips f its branches, at which pint it stps. Its pursuit f grwth is bunded by a greater gal f distributing and circulating the resurces that nurture and sustain the health f its whle being. (正如仿生学先驱简宁·贝尼乌斯提醒我们的那样，一棵树只会生长到它仍能将养分输送到树枝最顶端的叶子的程度，之后就会停止生长。它对生长的追求，受制于一个更宏大的目标，即分配和循环那些滋养并维持其整体健康的资源。)”可知，作者引用简宁·贝尼乌斯的观点，是为了说明无限制的增长并非具有可持续性。故选B项。
32. 词句猜测题。根据第五段中的“This requirement has becme s lcked int ecnmic theries, plitical narratives and public expectatins that, ver recent decades, we’ve witnessed desperate and ften destructive measures designed t rebt grwth when it becmes elusive. (这种增长需求已经深深植根于经济理论、政治叙事和公众期望之中，以至于近几十年来，当增长变得elusive时，我们看到了种种孤注一掷且往往具有破坏性的举措，旨在重新推动增长。)”可知，人们会采取极端措施重启增长，由此推测“elusive”的含义是“难以实现的”，与“tugh t achieve”意思相近。故选D项。
33. 推理判断题。根据第七段中的“Nt nly des this bring benefits in terms f imprving life satisfactin; it helps us reduce the size f ur natinal eclgical ftprints, via the well-dcumented links between greater fairness and mre mderate cnsumptin. (这不仅能提升生活满意度，还有充分证据表明，更大程度的公平与更为适度的消费之间存在关联，因此这也有助于我们缩小国家的生态足迹。)”可知，社会公平度的提升会促使人们消费更适度，进而更合理地利用资源。故选A项。
34. 推理判断题。通读全文，第一段先提出20世纪以GDP增长定义进步的传统观念；第二、三段论述该观念的由来及自然界中增长存在边界的局限性；第四、五段指出无限增长需求对经济和社会的负面影响；第六至八段提出以全民福祉和生态平衡为目标的新发展理念及相关政策。因此文章的结构是“提出传统观点—探讨其吸引力与局限性—提出新方案”。故选C项。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（新语境）Walking is becming a ht research tpic amng health scientists. It’s arguably the mst accessible frm f exercise available t us and munting research shws it’s gd fr health. Walking three times a week nearly halves the recurrence f back pain accrding t research published in 2024, while anther study frm that year fund that hitting 10,000 steps a day lwers yur risk f heart disease.
____35____ In terms f burning calries and weight lss mre generally, the research unsurprisingly shws that walking is less effective than mre intense frms f exercise, like running r weightlifting. The amunt f calries yu can burn depends n a number f factrs, but the average persn gets thrugh a mdest 250 calries walking fr an hur at a mderate, unstrained pace.
If walking is the nly thing yu’re ding, it’s unlikely t mve the needle very far n the weighing scales. ____36____ A 2017 study in the Jurnal f Nutritin fund bese and verweight peple wh walked 2.5 hurs a week, alng with fllwing a diet, lst mre weight and fat mass than peple wh just fllwed the diet.
There are ways t step up yur walking, f curse. ____37____ The jurnal Obesity reprts that ut f peple n a lng-term weight-lss prgramme, the nes wh lst mre than 10 percent f their starting weight were clcking 10,000 steps a day at the 6-, 12-and 18-mnth intervals. Yu have t keep it up, in ther wrds.
Next, pick up the pace. ____38____ Exercise scientists class slw walking as light exercise, but increase yur effrts and it becmes mderate exercise, which is better fr yur heart, lungs and-muscles. Experts usually suggest that a pace f 5 km/h is mderate.
Anything else yu can d t make the walk harder will als increase the number f calries yu burn. Swinging r pumping yur arms is a gd example. ____39____ Walking up hills r n an incline (斜坡) can als dramatically increase the number f calries yu burn because it ramps up yur heart rate and the muscle activatin in yur legs. One study suggests that an incline f five percent increases the metablic cst f walking by 17 percent, while a 10-percent incline increases it by 32 percent.
A. S is walking n uneven land r int a headwind.
B. Yu can als walk ff excess bdy weight — t an extent.
C. Adding shrt jgging bursts during walks may bst calrie burning.
D. The mst bvius is distance — walk further and yu’ll burn mre calries.
E. Apparently, there’s a big difference between a gentle strll and a purpseful walk.
F. Wearing a smartwatch t track incline intensity culd ptimize walking efficiency.
G. Research shws that it can imprve the effects f a calrie-restricted diet, hwever.
【答案】35. B 36. G 37. D 38. E 39. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍步行对健康的益处，以及提升步行减肥效果的相关方法。
35. 根据上文“Walking three times a week nearly halves the recurrence f back pain accrding t research published in 2024, while anther study frm that year fund that hitting 10,000 steps a day lwers yur risk f heart disease.(根据2024年发表的一项研究，每周步行三次几乎能使背痛的复发率减半，而同一年的另一项研究发现，每天走10000步可以降低患心脏病的风险)”以及下文“In terms f burning calries and weight lss mre generally, the research unsurprisingly shws that walking is less effective than mre intense frms f exercise, like running r weightlifting.(更普遍地说，在燃烧卡路里和减肥方面，研究不出所料地表明，步行不如跑步或举重等强度更大的运动有效)”可知，空格处需要转折过渡，衔接步行的益处和其在燃脂减肥方面的局限性。B选项“Yu can als walk ff excess bdy weight — t an extent.(在某种程度上，你也可以通过步行减掉多余的体重)”既承接上文步行的好处，又通过t an extent引出下文步行在减肥上的局限性，符合语境。故选B项。
36. 根据上文“If walking is the nly thing yu’re ding, it’s unlikely t mve the needle very far n the weighing scales.(如果你只靠步行减肥，那么体重秤上的数字不太可能有太大变化)”以及下文“A 2017 study in the Jurnal f Nutritin fund bese and verweight peple wh walked 2.5 hurs a week, alng with fllwing a diet, lst mre weight and fat mass than peple wh just fllwed the diet.(《营养学杂志》2017年的一项研究发现，每周步行2.5小时并配合节食的肥胖和超重人群，比单纯节食的人减掉了更多的体重和脂肪量)”可知，空格处应转折说明步行结合节食会有更好的减肥效果。G选项“Research shws that it can imprve the effects f a calrie-restricted diet, hwever.(然而，研究表明，它可以提升限制热量摄入饮食的效果)”中的it指代步行，imprve the effects f a calrie-restricted diet与下文步行结合节食的研究结果相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
37. 根据上文“There are ways t step up yur walking, f curse.(当然，有一些方法可以提升你的步行效果)”以及下文“The jurnal Obesity reprts that ut f peple n a lng-term weight-lss prgramme, the nes wh lst mre than 10 percent f their starting weight were clcking 10,000 steps a day at the 6-, 12-and 18-mnth intervals.(《肥胖》杂志报道称，在参与长期减肥计划的人群中，那些在第6、12和18个月时体重减轻超过初始体重10%的人，每天都走够了10000步)”可知，空格处应提出提升步行效果的第一个方法，且与步行距离相关。D 选项“The mst bvius is distance — walk further and yu’ll burn mre calries.(最明显的方法就是增加距离 —— 走得越远，燃烧的卡路里就越多)”中的distance和下文10,000 steps a day相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
38. 根据上文“Next, pick up the pace.(接下来，加快步伐)”以及下文“Exercise scientists class slw walking as light exercise, but increase yur effrts and it becmes mderate exercise, which is better fr yur heart, lungs and muscles.(运动科学家将慢速步行归类为轻度运动，但加大运动量后，它就变成了中度运动，这对心脏、肺部和肌肉更有益)”可知，空格处应强调步行速度不同，运动效果也不同。E选项“Apparently, there’s a big difference between a gentle strll and a purpseful walk.(显然，悠闲散步和有目标的快走之间有很大区别)”中的gentle strll对应慢速步行，purpseful walk对应加快步伐的步行，与下文内容相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。
39. 根据上文“Anything else yu can d t make the walk harder will als increase the number f calries yu burn. Swinging r pumping yur arms is a gd example.(任何能让步行变得更费力的方法都能增加卡路里的燃烧量。摆动或用力挥动双臂就是一个很好的例子)”以及下文 “Walking up hills r n an incline can als dramatically increase the number f calries yu burn because it ramps up yur heart rate and the muscle activatin in yur legs.(上坡或在斜坡上行走也能显著增加卡路里的燃烧量，因为这会提高心率，激活腿部肌肉)”可知，空格处应列举另一种增加步行难度的方法。A选项“S is walking n uneven land r int a headwind.(在不平坦的路面行走或逆风行走也是如此)”与上文的挥臂、下文的上坡行走并列，都是提升步行难度的方式，符合语境。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（新题材）We all lve t criticize, but unfrtunately, we als hate being criticized. We freely pst and cmment n thers, but feel annyed at the way thers assess us, bth nline and in persn. The wrld seems unlikely t change anytime sn. Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
Criticism is defined as judgment f the merits (优点) and faults f smething r smene in written r spken frm. Technically, criticism can include praise, but that isn’t what cncerns us here. What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.
The culture f criticism isn’t ging away. The nly way t flurish (繁荣) in it, and despite it, is t adpt new habits f getting and giving critical feedback. One rule is t assume that criticism, even when it seems persnal, is nt actually abut yu persnally. When we receive criticism, we make it persnal in tw ways. First, we may naturally analyze the critic rather than the criticism. Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.
If taking criticism is particularly hard fr yu, yu are nt alne. Hwever, taking criticism badly is mre embarrassing, ultimately, than the criticism itself. If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.
40. What will be the results f changing the way we give and take criticism?
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41. What is the difference between cnstructive and destructive criticism?
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42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
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43. What benefit(s) wuld yu gain frm learning t accept negative feedback? (In abut 40 wrds)
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【答案】40. We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.
41. Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
42. Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance.
They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities
43. Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，说明了批评对我们的影响及我们应如何正确地对待批评。
40. 考查细节理解。根据文章第一段“Frtunately, thugh, each f us can change hw we give and take criticism, which will make us less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback— even when it is negative.(幸运的是，我们每个人都可以改变我们给予和接受批评的方式，这将使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈)”可知，改变我们给予和接受批评的方式会使我们不太可能伤害别人，更抵制愤怒，并能更好地从反馈中获益——即使是消极的反馈。故答案为We will be less likely t harm thers, mre resistant t being angry, and better able t benefit frm feedback — even when it is negative.
41. 考查细节理解。根据文章第二段“What annys us is criticism f the negative variety, even when well-intentined — s-called cnstructive criticism, which means t prvide guidance s we can imprve. Wrst f all is destructive criticism, which aims t cause hurt r damage.(让我们烦恼的是负面的批评，即使是善意的所谓建设性的批评，也意味着提供指导，让我们提高。最糟糕的是破坏性的批评，它的目的是造成伤害或破坏)”可知，建设性的批评是指提供指导，使我们能够改进，而破坏性的批评旨在造成伤害或损害。故答案为Cnstructive criticism means t prvide guidance s we can imprve, while destructive criticism aims t cause hurt r damage.
42. 考查推理判断。根据文章倒数第二段“Secnd, we tend t cnsider the criticism a judgment n ur natural abilities, rather than n ur perfrmance. Interestingly, even amng yung children, research shws that viewing criticism as a judgment n ne’s abilities can lead t lwer self-wrth, lwer psitive md, and less persistence at tasks.(第二，我们倾向于认为批评是对我们天生能力的判断，而不是对我们的表现的判断。有趣的是，研究表明，即使是在年幼的孩子中，将批评视为对一个人能力的判断，也会导致自我价值降低、积极情绪降低、任务坚持度降低)”可推知，接受批评的孩子自我价值较低，因为他们把批评当成对自己能力的评判，而不是表现得判断。故答案为Children wh receive criticism have lwer self-wrth because they take criticism as a judgment n their perfrmance./They take criticism as a judgment n their abilities.
43. 开放性试题。根据文章最后一段“If we d the wrk t learn t accept negative feedback, we will be much better ff.(如果我们努力学习接受负面反馈，我们就会变得更好)”可知，学习接受负面反馈能帮助我们更容易抵制愤怒，同时更正确地进行批评。此外，接受负面反馈还能帮助我们正确地看待自己的不足，纠正错误并提高自己。故答案为Learning t accept negative feedback can help us resist anger mre easily and criticize mre crrectly. In additin, accepting negative feedback can help us put ur shrtcmings in perspective, crrect ur mistakes and imprve urselves.
第二节（20分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim对你校即将开展的“青春创意，温暖邻里”的社区公益活动很感兴趣，发来邮件向你询问。请你用英文给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 活动内容；
2. 活动意义。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
社区公益活动：cmmunity vlunteer activity
青春创意，温暖邻里： Yuth Creativity, Warm Neighbrhds
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t hear abut yur interest in ur upcming cmmunity vlunteer activity, “Yuth Creativity, Warm Neighbrhds”. Let me share sme details with yu.
The event will invlve varius creative prjects designed by us students, like painting murals n neighbrhd walls t beautify the area, rganizing small talent shws t bring jy t the elderly, and crafting handmade gifts fr children in need.
This activity hlds great significance, which nt nly allws us t apply ur creativity in a meaningful way but als strengthens the bnd between neighbrs. By cntributing ur time and effrts, we can create a mre harmnius and caring cmmunity envirnment.
I’m really lking frward t it and hpe yu can imagine hw wnderful it’ll be!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国好友Jim写邮件，介绍即将开展的“青春创意，温暖邻里”的社区公益活动，包括活动内容和活动意义。
【详解】1.词汇积累
高兴的：thrilled→ excited/exhilarated
各种各样的：varius → a variety f
增强：strengthen → enhance
极好的：wnderful → fabulus
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m thrilled t hear abut yur interest in ur upcming cmmunity vlunteer activity, “Yuth Creativity, Warm Neighbrhds”.
拓展句：I’m thrilled t hear abut yur interest in ur upcming cmmunity vlunteer activity, which is named “Yuth Creativity, Warm Neighbrhds”.
【点睛】【高分句型1】The event will invlve varius creative prjects designed by us students, like painting murals n neighbrhd walls t beautify the area, rganizing small talent shws t bring jy t the elderly, and crafting handmade gifts fr children in need.（运用了动名词作宾语构成并列结构）
【高分句型2】This activity hlds great significance, which nt nly allws us t apply ur creativity in a meaningful way but als strengthens the bnd between neighbrs.（运用了which引导非限制性定语从句）
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）