高考英语一轮复习测试卷01（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一轮复习测试卷01（北京专用）（教师版），共17页。试卷主要包含了 5分，共15分)， 句式拓展等内容，欢迎下载使用。
（考试时间：120分钟；试卷满分：150分）
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 (共10小题;每小题 1. 5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
（2024·北京通州·二模）Samuel wrked in the twn’s bkstre. His life had been predictable and bring. But ne sunny mrning, the bkstre wner 1 that the shp wuld be clsing fr gd. Samuel’s heart sank, and he fund himself facing an 2 future. Yet a ray f hpe emerged — an pprtunity t start anew.
Nthing ventured, nthing gained, he thught, 3 the curage t break new grund. With a newfund determinatin, Samuel decided t g after his dream f becming a 4 .
With pen in hand and a blank page befre him, Samuel pured his sul ut nt the paper. He 5 tales f adventure, lve and self-discvery. As he wrte, he gave life t the characters that danced acrss the page. 6 , an unexpected pprtunity presented itself. A lcal publishing huse, charmed by Samuel’s stries, ffered him a 7 t share his wrk. He tk a leap f faith and said yes!
“Out with the ld and in with the new” became Samuel’s pet phrase. The nce-shy clerk 8 a cnfident authr. His bks fund their way int the hands f readers near and far, tuching hearts and igniting (点燃) passins.
Samuel’s 9 didn’t cme withut challenges, but he remembered the saying, “When ne dr clses, anther pens.” Each clsed dr became an pprtunity fr grwth and a stepping stne t even greater achievements. With each bk he cmpsed, he turned ver a new leaf. His jurney reminded everyne that starting anew was nt just surrendering(屈服)t the unknwn. It was an invitatin t 10 a life filled with purpse and fulfillment.
1．A．permittedB．cmplainedC．admittedD．annunced
2．A．unusualB．uncertainC．impssibleD．unrealistic
3．A．gatheringB．lackingC．admiringD．recalling
4．A．clerkB．painterC．nvelistD．publisher
5．A．pennedB．heardC．prvidedD．cncluded
6．A．FrequentlyB．EventuallyC．ObviuslyD．Nrmally
7．A．chanceB．slutinC．cnditinD．right
8．A．depended nB．knew abutC．learned frmD．transfrmed int
9．A．explratinB．curisityC．successD．dignity
10．A．changeB．repeatC．createD．evaluate
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了塞缪尔从一个害羞的职员转变为一个自信的作家的这一过程。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在一个阳光明媚的早晨，书店老板宣布这家店将永远关闭。A. permitted允许；B. cmplained抱怨；C. admitted承认；D. annunced宣布。根据本句“the shp wuld be clsing fr gd”可知，书店老板宣布这家店要倒闭了。故选D。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：塞缪尔的心沉了下去，他发现自己面临着一个不确定的未来。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. uncertain不确定的；C. impssible不可能的；D. unrealistic不现实的。根据上文“the shp wuld be clsing fr gd”，可知店要倒闭，所以他有一个不确定的未来。故选B。
3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他想，没有冒险就没有收获，于是鼓起勇气开辟新的土地。A. gathering聚集；B. lacking缺乏；C. admiring欣赏；D. recalling回想。根据下文“Samuel decided t g after his dream”可知，他决定去追逐自己的梦想，故是鼓起勇气开辟新的土地。故选A。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了一个新的决心，塞缪尔决定去追求他成为一名小说家的梦想。A. clerk职员；B. painter画家；C. nvelist小说家；D. publisher 出版人。根据第三段“With pen in hand and a blank page befre him, Samuel pured his sul ut nt the paper. (塞缪尔手里拿着笔，面前是一张白纸，他在纸上倾诉自己的心声。)”可知，他的梦想应该是成为一名小说家。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他写了一些关于冒险、爱情和自我发现的故事。A. penned写；B. heard听；C. prvided提供；D. cncluded推断，总结。根据前一句中“pen in hand”可知，他写了一些故事。故选A。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，一个意外的机会出现了。A. Frequently频繁地；B. Eventually最后；终于；C. Obviusly明显地；D. Nrmally通常，正常地。根据空后“an unexpected pprtunity presented itself”，可知，一个机会最终出现了。故选B。
7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当地的一家出版社被塞缪尔的故事迷住了，给了他一个分享自己作品的机会。A. chance机会；B. slutin解决办法，答案；C. cnditin条件；状况；D. right 权利，版权。根据空后“share his wrk”可知，出版社给他提供了分享自己作品的机会。故选A。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这个曾经害羞的职员变成了一个自信的作家。A. depended n依赖，取决于；B. knew abut知道；C. learned frm向……学习；D. transfrmed int转变为……。由第三段“A lcal publishing huse, charmed by Samuel’s stries, ffered him a 7 t share his wrk.”可知，他的作品受到出版社的青睐，他已经变成了一个作家。故选D。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：塞缪尔的成功并非没有挑战，但他想起了那句话：“当一扇门关上时，另一扇门就打开了。”A. explratin解释；B. curisity好奇，好奇心；C. success成功；D. dignity尊严。根据第四段“His bks fund their way int the hands f readers near and far, tuching hearts and igniting passins. (他的书进入了远近读者的手中，触动了人心，点燃了激情。)”可知他当作家，是很成功的。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是一种邀请，目的是要邀请你去创造一个充满目标和成就感的生活。A. change改变；B. repeat重复；C. create创造；D. evaluate估计。根据全文和前文“His jurney reminded everyne that starting anew was nt just surrendering t the unknwn. (他的旅程提醒了每个人，重新开始并不仅仅是向未知的事物屈服。)”可知，重新开始给了我们创造新生活和实现新的成就的机会。故选C。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2024·北京·三模）
By analyzing large amunts f data, Al learns and 11 (imprve) with each new task it perfrms. This has led t a sharp rise in its use in many fields, including healthcare, transprtatin, and even educatin. In the healthcare industry, AI 12 (use) t diagnse diseases and design drugs. Anther area 13 AI is making an impact is in transprtatin. Autnmus vehicles, 14 (pwer) by machine learning algrithms, are becming mre cmmn n the rads.
【答案】11．imprves 12．is used/is being used/has been used 13．where 14．pwered
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是人工智能在很多领域的广泛使用。
11．考查谓语动词。句意：通过分析大量数据，人工智能可以在每次执行新任务时学习和改进。此空与and前的learns为并列作谓语，根据learns可知，此处是在陈述一般事实，应用一般现在时，主语为AI与imprve之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数故填imprves。
12．考查谓语动词。句意：在医疗保健行业，人工智能正被用于诊断疾病和设计药物。此空为句子的谓语，结合语境可知，此处可理解为讲述的是客观事实，所以使用一般现在时，也可理解为“use”的动作正在进行，所以可使用现在进行时，或者是表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响，可以使用现在完成时，主语AI与use之间为被动关系，应用一般现在时，现在进行时或者是现在完成时的被动语态，主语为AI为单数形式。故填is used/is being used/has been used。
13．考查定语从句。句意：人工智能正在产生影响的另一个领域是交通运输。此空所在的句子有两个谓语动词，分别是is making和is，所以此处应为连词，且此空位于名词Anther area之后，此处应为关系词引导的定语从句，从句中不缺少主语和宾语，所以使用关系副词，先行词anther area为抽象地点状语，所以此处应用关系副词where。故填where。
14．考查过去分词。句意：由机器学习算法驱动的自动驾驶汽车在道路上变得越来越普遍。此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰autnmus vehicles，动词pwer与所修饰词autnmus vehicles之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。故填pwered。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）
Cnnected t each ther like never befre, yung peple tday are becming agents f change, increasingly 15 (cntribute) t innvative slutins that imprve peple’s lives and the planet’s health.
The United Natins Institute fr Training and Research 16 (be) therefre delighted t launch the Yung Leaders Online Training Prgramme, a fur-week e-Learning curse, t prvide participants 17 the knwledge and skills t fully unfld their ptential as glbal leaders.
【答案】15．cntributing 16．is 17．with
【导语】这是一篇说明文。如今的年轻人正在成为变革的推动者，联合国训练研究所推出青年领袖在线培训方案以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。
15．考查现在分词。句意：今天的年轻人前所未有地相互联系，正在成为变革的推动者，越来越多地为改善人民生活和地球健康的创新解决方案作出贡献。动词短语cntribute t意为“为……做出贡献”，和主语构成主动关系，且空格处和系动词之间没有连词，所以应用现在分词形式。故填cntributing。
16．考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：因此，联合国训练研究所很高兴推出青年领袖在线培训方案，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数，系动词应用is。故填is。
17．考查介词。句意：因此，联合国训练研究所很高兴推出青年领袖在线培训方案，这是一个为期四周的电子学习课程，为参与者提供知识和技能，以充分发挥他们作为全球领导者的潜力。prvide sb with sth意为“为某人提供某物”，所以此处应用介词with。故填with。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
（2024·北京房山·一模）
Saturday nt nly marked the last day f China’s 2024 Spring Festival hliday, but als clsed ut the eight-day dmestic film perid, 18 ended strngly as the highest-grssing Chinese New Year hliday in the histry f dmestic cinema. Accrding t a reprt, ver 163 millin peple 19 (g) t cinemas, a 26% increase frm the 2023 Spring Festival hliday. And bx-ffice sales reached mre than 8 billin yuan, up 18% 20 (cmpare) t last year’s hliday perid.
【答案】18．which 19．went 20．cmpared
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是周六不仅是中国2024年春节假期的最后一天，也是为期8天的国产电影档期的最后一天，该档期以国产电影史上票房最高的春节假期强势结束。
18．考查定语从句。句意：周六不仅是中国2024年春节假期的最后一天，也是为期8天的国产电影档期的最后一天，该档期以国产电影史上票房最高的春节假期强势结束。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词film perid是指电影档期，因此空格处用which引导非限制性定语从句，故填which。
19．考查时态。句意：根据一份报告，超过1.63亿人去电影院，比2023年春节假期增加了26%。根据语境可知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，空格处用过去式went，故填went。
20．考查非谓语动词。句意：票房收入超过80亿元，比去年同期增长18%。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是reached，空格处用非谓语动词，bx-ffice sales和cmpare之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填cmpared。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节 (共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
（23-24高三下·江西·阶段练习）Discver the Huge Health Benefits f Strength Training
One f the best ways t stay fit and healthy as yu age is t d strength and pwer training exercises. It is knwn that when yu are in yur thirties, yu will begin t lse muscle mass. This lss actually cntributes t achy jints, the increased risk f injury, and the “middle-age spread” we all fear. What’s mre, the lder yu get, the faster muscle mass lses. It means that eventually, simple tasks like getting ut f a chair and climbing stairs can becme mre difficult.
Strength training can help yu build muscles, make yu strng, increase yur staying pwer and make everyday activities easier. By cmbining strength and pwer training exercises, yu’ll nt nly get strnger, but als imprve yur reactin speed. As yu grw lder, that’s critical because it can help prevent falls. Here is a bk, Strength and Pwer Training fr All Ages, fr yur reference.Cmmn sense abut fitness in the bk:
·The key muscles t wrk fr an injury-free bdy
·Hw t tell hw much weight is suitable fr yu
·Hw t strengthen the bnes mst likely t break
·Hw t take pressure ff yur knees when walking r running
·Why yu’ll want t apply heat t sre jints befre yu exerciseFur ttal bdy wrkuts in the bk:
·Build bnes
·Fight diseases
·Imprve balance
·Strengthen muscles &Increase muscle pwer
Get a cpy, start training, and then yu’ll discver a whle new self.
21．What will happen as peple age accrding t paragraph 1?
A．They will need less exercise.
B．They will imprve reactin speed.
C．They will experience muscle lss.
D．They will have better staying pwer.
22．What des Strength and Pwer Training fr All Ages mainly teach peple t d?
A．Train their brains.B．Build a sund bdy.
C．Treat bne diseases.D．Cut dwn their weight.
23．What is the text?
A．A ntice.B．An ral flktale.
C．A scientific paper.D．An advertisement.
【答案】21．C 22．B 23．D
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要给读者推荐《所有年龄段的力量和力量训练》这本书。
21．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“It is knwn that when yu are in yur thirties, yu will begin t lse muscle mass. This lss actually cntributes t achy jints, the increased risk f injury, and the “middle-age spread” we all fear. What’s mre, the lder yu get, the faster muscle mass lses. (众所周知，当你在30多岁的时候，你会开始失去肌肉。这种损失实际上会导致关节疼痛，受伤的风险增加，以及我们都害怕的“中年传播”。更重要的是，你年纪越大，肌肉流失得越快。)”可知，随着年龄的增长，人们将经历肌肉损失。故选C。
22．细节理解题。由文章第二段中“Strength training can help yu build muscles, make yu strng, increase yur staying pwer and make everyday activities easier. By cmbining strength and pwer training exercises, yu’ll nt nly get strnger, but als imprve yur reactin speed. As yu grw lder, that’s critical because it can help prevent falls. Here is a bk, Strength and Pwer Training fr All Ages, fr yur reference. (力量训练可以帮助你锻炼肌肉，使你强壮，增加你的耐力，使日常活动更容易。通过结合力量和力量训练，你不仅会变得更强壮，还会提高你的反应速度。随着年龄的增长，这是至关重要的，因为它可以帮助防止跌倒。这里有一本书，《所有年龄段的力量和力量训练》，供你参考。)”可知，《所有年龄段的力量和力量训练》主要教人们建立一个健全的身体。故选B。
23．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了力量锻炼和《所有年龄段的力量和力量训练》这本书对力量锻炼的好处，结合文章最后一段“Get a cpy, start training, and then yu’ll discver a whle new self. (买一本，开始训练，然后你会发现一个全新的自己)”推知，本文是一则宣传书的广告。故选D。
B
（2024·北京房山·一模）That day when Ludwig van Beethven died was ne f the saddest f my life. I had stayed with him fr mre than twenty years and lived thrugh many f his happiest mments and his triumphs as well as his mst unhappy times.
He wasn’t, hwever, the easiest f men t wrk fr. His mds were changeable s that he culd be reasnable at ne mment but mst impatient and intlerant at the next. All these prblems began in 1802 when he discvered his lss f hearing was nt temprary.
The lss f hearing brught him t a crssrads in his life. It was then that he realized that his future lay in cmpsing music. Luckily, althugh his deafness brught him fear and anxiety, he was able t use these emtins t inspire his wrk.
Dealing with his inner prblems and wrries, his music was bviusly subjective, which was nt the mst ppular type f its time. But peple recgnized his greatness. They did s even when they knew he culd nt acknwledge it. When he was cnducting his ninth and last symphny n its first perfrmance he was ttally deaf. S he just didn’t realize that the music had finished and cntinued t cnduct the rchestra. One f the singers had t turn him rund s he culd receive the cheers f the audience. Frm ne angle it was a sad mment but frm anther it was an even greater triumph. That a man with such a cnditin culd have written such dynamic music was verwhelming! It brught tears t my eyes t think that I had cntributed in sme small way by lking after him.
He dressed rather like a wild man himself. His hair was always untidy, his skin marked with spts and his muth set in a dwnward curve. He tk n care f his appearance and walked arund ur city with his clthes carelessly arranged. This was because he was cncentrating n his next cmpsitin.
Helping him mve huse many times, preparing his meals and lking after his everyday cmfrts were my reward fr a life living s clse t such a musical genius. I cnsider myself a lucky man!
24．The authr was mst likely t be Beethven’s _______.
A．studentB．dctrC．servantD．relative
25．What can be learned frm this passage?
A．Beethven’s music was underestimated at that time.
B．Beethven’s wrk was inspired by his fear and anger.
C．Beethven’s music stayed in step with the mainstream music f the time.
D．Beethven lst his ability t hear when first cnducting his ninth symphny.
26．Why did the authr tear in Paragraph 4?
A．Because the perfrmance was a cmplete success.
B．Because he played a part in Beethven’s success.
C．Because Beethven was cmpletely deaf then.
D．Because the audience cheered fr Beethven.
27．Accrding t the authr, Beethven culd be described as ________.
A．intlerant but cheerful
B．stubbrn but reasnable
C．changeable but dedicated
D．unsciable but easy-ging
【答案】24．C 25．D 26．B 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是Ludwig van Beethven虽然失聪，但是仍然坚持作曲和指挥的故事。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Helping him mve huse many times, preparing his meals and lking after his everyday cmfrts were my reward fr a life living s clse t such a musical genius.(我曾多次帮他搬家，为他做饭，照顾他的日常生活，这些都是我与这样一位音乐天才如此亲近的回报。)”可知，作者最有可能是Beethven的仆人，故选C。
25．细节理解题。根据第四段“When he was cnducting his ninth and last symphny n its first perfrmance he was ttally deaf.(当他指挥他的第九部也是最后一部交响曲的第一次演出时，他完全失聪了。)”可知，贝多芬在第一次指挥他的第九交响曲时失去了听力。故选D。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段“That a man with such a cnditin culd have written such dynamic music was verwhelming! It brught tears t my eyes t think that I had cntributed in sme small way by lking after him.(一个有这种状况的人能写出如此充满活力的音乐，真是令人难以置信！一想到我照顾他也尽了绵薄之力，我就热泪盈眶。)”可知，作者流泪是因为他对贝多芬的成功起了作用。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第二段“His mds were changeable s that he culd be reasnable at ne mment but mst impatient and intlerant at the next.(他的情绪变化无常，有时还通情达理，有时又不耐烦、偏执。)”可知，Beethven是多变的，再根据倒数第二段“He tk n care f his appearance and walked arund ur city with his clthes carelessly arranged. This was because he was cncentrating n his next cmpsitin.(他不注意自己的外表，在我们的城市里随意地走来走去。这是因为他在专心作下一首曲子。)”可知，Beethven是专心致志的。故选C。
C
（2024·北京·三模）Is it pssible t persuade mankind t live withut war? War is an ancient institutin, which has ccurred ever since men were rganized int units larger than the family. In the past human race managed t survive it. Why shuld it nt cntinue t survive even if wars g n ccurring frm time t time? Mrever, peple like war, and will feel frustrated withut it. And withut war there will be n adequate pprtunity fr herism r self-sacrifice.
Mdem technlgy has changed this. Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law. It is nt easy t change very ld mental habits, but this is what must be attempted.
There are thse wh say that the adptin f this r that idelgy (意识形态) wuld prevent war. I believe this t be a big errr. All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.
The mvement f wrld pinin during the past few years has been very largely such as we can welcme. It has becme a cmmnplace that nuclear war must be avided. Of curse very difficult prblems remain in the wrld, but the spirit in which they are being apprached is a better ne than it was sme years ag. It has begun t be thught, even by the pwerful men wh decide whether we shall live r die, that negtiatins shuld reach agreements even if bth sides d nt find these agreements whlly satisfactry. It has begun t be understd that the imprtant cnflict nwadays is nt between different cuntries, but between man and the atm bmb.
28．Frm the passage we can learn that war nw is ______.
A．as bad as in the pastB．wrse than in the past
C．as necessary as in the pastD．nt s dangerus as in the past
29．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 prbably mean?
A．Men, as well as war, will have t make the ultimate chice between the tw.
B．Mdern technlgy has empwered man t chse whether t have war r nt.
C．At least 6,000 years later, man has finally decided t abandn war nce and fr all.
D．Peple will eventually destry themselves if they chse t g t war at mdern times.
30．As fr idelgy, what des the authr intend t tell us?
A．Certain idelgy is superir regarding its truthfulness.
B．It is useless t adpt an idelgy t prevent war.
C．Nt every idelgy is nt wrth fighting fr.
D．It is wrng t fllw any idelgy.
31．Which wuld be the best title fr the passage?
A．War r N War, That Is A Questin
B．Nuclear Weapns Bring the End f Human Race
C．Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin
D．Frm Idelgy t Negtiatin: A New Apprach t Internatinal Cnflicts
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。在当前的国际形势之下，作者阐述人类应该以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是把它看作武力的较量。这种方式就是通过根据公认的法律原则进行仲裁。
28．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Mdem technlgy has changed this”（现代科技改变了这一点）以及“Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat.”（目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但不久之后，细菌或化学武器可能带来更大的威胁。）可推知，现在的战争比过去更糟糕。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“Either man will ablish war, r war will ablish man. Fr the present, it is nuclear weapns that cause the mst serius danger, but bacterilgical r chemical weapns may, befre lng, ffer an even greater threat. If we succeed in ablishing nuclear weapns, ur wrk will nt be dne. It will never be dne until we have succeeded in ablishing war. ”（要么人会消灭战争，要么战争会消灭人。目前，造成最严重危险的是核武器，但细菌或化学武器不久可能会带来更大的威胁。如果我们成功地废除了核武器，我们的工作也还没有完成。除非我们成功地废除了战争，否则这是永远不会实现的。）可知，只有成功废除战争，才能算做完成人类的工作，由此可推知，如果人们选择在现代进行战争，他们最终将自我毁灭。故选D。
30．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“All idelgies are based upn dgmatic (武断的) statements that are, at best, dubtful, and at wrst, ttally false. Their fllwers believe in them s fanatically that they are willing t g t war in supprt f them.”（所有的意识形态都建立在武断的陈述之上，往好了说，这些陈述是可疑的，往坏了说，这些陈述是完全错误的。他们的追随者如此狂热地相信他们，以至于他们愿意为了支持他们而去打仗。）可推知，采用意识形态来防止战争是无用的。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第二段“T d this, we need t persuade mankind t lk upn internatinal questins in a new way, nt as cntests f frce, in which the victry ges t the side which is mst skillful in killing peple, but by arbitratin (通过仲裁) in accrdance with agreed principles f law .”（要做到这一点，我们需要说服人类以一种新的方式看待国际问题，而不是将其视为武力的较量，在这种较量中，胜利属于最善于杀人的一方，而是通过根据商定的法律原则进行仲裁。）可知，作者呼吁人们以新的方式看待国际问题，通过仲裁来解决问题，以此来废除战争，因此，C选项“Twards a Future Withut War: A Call fr Glbal Arbitratin”（走向无战争的未来：全球仲裁的呼吁）最能概括全文内容。故选C。
D
（2024·北京大兴·模拟预测）Wmen experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO rles at publicly listed cmpanies fr shrter perids than men, accrding t new research which may supprt the idea that female leaders are subject t a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up t fail.
The cncept f the glass cliff is that wmen are mre likely t be appinted as leaders when an rganizatin is in a time f crisis, s that their psitin is seen as mre precarius than male cunterparts.
Researchers at the University f Exeter fund in 2005 that wmen were mre likely t be appinted as bard members after a cmpany’s share price had perfrmed badly. Prfessr Ryan tld the Observer that the Russell Reynlds analysis was “ rbust and added t the bdy f wrk in this area”.
“If wmen are mre likely t take n leadership rles in times f crisis, then it fllws that their time in ffice is likely t be stressful, mre heavily scrutinised and shrter in tenure. This reduced tenure culd be fr a number f reasns — because there is ften higher turnver in times f crisis, because they are judged as nt perfrming well, even thugh pr perfrmance was in train befre their appintment, r because when things start t turn arund, men cme back int leadership rles.” she said.
Chief executive rles have a very lw turnver, she said, which makes prgress harder. “I think men can enjy a greater fllwership — supprt within the rganizatin. They can suffer big setbacks and rise again. Wmen wh have been CEOs tend t g ff t an alternative career.
Hwever, she said that there was cause fr ptimism. The number f wmen n FTSE 350 bards is nw 41%, up frm 9.5% in 2011, and appinting wmen is “nw the nrm”. Russell Reynlds als fund in a survey f 1,500 leaders wrldwide that there were n significant differences in hw wmen and men were perceived by the peple wh wrked fr them, shwing that they were equally effective as leaders, althugh wmen were seen as being better at caching and develpment.
32．What des the underlined wrd “precarius” prbably mean?
A．Dangerus.
B．Prfitable.
C．Essential.
D．Available.
33．Which f the fllwing statements is crrect?
A．“gender tenure gap” can be fund in the majrity f cmpanies.
B．Male leaders are less likely t be appinted as bard members.
C．Wman leaders in times f crisis tend t be shrter in tenure.
D．Female leaders are generally nt perfrming well during their appintment.
34．What des the last paragraph indicate?
A．Wmen leaders are destined t eliminate glass cliff in the future.
B．Nwadays wman leaders differ hugely frm man leaders in fllwership.
C．Man leaders are superir t wman leaders in every aspect.
D．Wman leaders are n less cmpetent than man cunterparts.
【答案】32．A 33．C 34．D
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了一项新的研究结果，即女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，这支持了女性领导者更容易陷入“玻璃悬崖”的观点。
32．词句猜测题。根据第一段“Wmen experience a “gender tenure gap”, lasting in CEO rles at publicly listed cmpanies fr shrter perids than men, accrding t new research which may supprt the idea that female leaders are subject t a “ glass cliff ” where they are set up t fail.(一项新的研究表明，女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，这可能会支持女性领导者面临“玻璃悬崖”的观点，即她们注定会失败)”以及第二段“The cncept f the glass cliff is that wmen are mre likely t be appinted as leaders when an rganizatin is in a time f crisis, s that their psitin is seen as mre precarius than male cunterparts.(玻璃悬崖的概念是，当组织处于危机时期时，女性更有可能被任命为领导者，因此她们的地位被视为比男性同行更precarius)”可知，女性在上市公司担任首席执行官的时间比男性短，她们注定会失败可知，此处glass cliff对女性并不是一个友好的词，所以推知应是“因此她们的地位被视为比男性同行更危险的”之意，推知precarius意为“危险的”，和A项意思相近。故选A项。
33．细节理解题。根据第四段““If wmen are mre likely t take n leadership rles in times f crisis, then it fllws that their time in ffice is likely t be stressful, mre heavily scrutinised and shrter in tenure. This reduced tenure culd be fr a number f reasns—because there is ften higher turnver in times f crisis, because they are judged as nt perfrming well, even thugh pr perfrmance was in train befre their appintment, r because when things start t turn arund, men cme back int leadership rles.” she said.(她说：“如果女性更有可能在危机时期担任领导角色，那么她们在任期间可能会面临很大压力，受到更严格的审查，任期也会更短。任期缩短的原因可能有很多，因为在危机时期人员流动率往往更高，或者即使业绩不佳在她们上任之前就已存在，她们仍可能因此被评判为表现不佳，又或者因为当情况开始好转时，男性会重新担任领导职务。”)”可知，在危机时期，女性领导人的任期往往较短。故选C项。
34．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hwever, she said that there was cause fr ptimism. The number f wmen n FTSE 350 bards is nw 41%, up frm 9.5% in 2011, and appinting wmen is “nw the nrm”. Russell Reynlds als fund in a survey f 1,500 leaders wrldwide that there were n significant differences in hw wmen and men were perceived by the peple wh wrked fr them, shwing that they were equally effective as leaders, althugh wmen were seen as being better at caching and develpment.(然而，她表示我们仍有理由保持乐观。富时350指数(FTSE 350)公司董事会中的女性成员占比现已达到41%，高于2011年的9.5%，而且如今任命女性担任要职已“成为常态”。罗素·雷诺兹还在一项针对全球1500名领导者的调查中发现，员工对男女领导的看法并无显著差异，这表明他们作为领导者的效率是相同的，尽管女性更擅长指导和培养下属)”可知，本段主要表明女性领导者的能力并不比男性同行差。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2024·福建泉州·二模）While mst f us wrk hard t shine at the presentatins and speeches we can prepare fr, we may find imprmptu (即兴的) cmmunicatin scary. Actually, yu just need t learn specific skills t cmmunicate effectively when put n the spt. Here are a few pinters.
35 What d yu want yur audience t knw? Hw d yu want them t feel, and what d yu want them t d? Having a clear bjective paired with an awareness f yur audience will narrw yur fcus. Then yu can priritize what t say and chse yur exact wrds mre wisely.
Organize Yur Thughts. When making frmal presentatins, mst peple give a lgical structure that audiences can easily fllw. But few f us adequately rganize thughts in imprmptu situatins. 36 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints, ideas, fr example.
Listen as well as yu talk. 37 Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening s that yu can better understand the in-the-mment needs and interests f yur cnversatin partners and respnd mre effectively. Paraphrasing r asking pen-ended fllw-up questins can help cnfirm yur understanding and prvide extra time t think abut yur respnse.
Dare t be dull. Dn’t feel yu need t give a standut perfrmance. One ppular saying applies here, “ 38 ” Listeners are mre likely t trust and apprve f yu when yu speak like a human being rather than an actr r a rbt. Research shws that the mst effective speech includes mderate use f fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real prblem in imprmptu cmmunicatin isn’t an inability t cmmunicate. 39 Frtunately, a measure f experimentatin thught, and practice f the skills can make imprmptu speaking pprtunities yur time t shine.
A．Identify a cmmunicatin gal.
B．He knws mst wh speaks least.
C．Dn’t let the perfect be the enemy f the gd.
D．It’s being s nervus that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impssible t d s n the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement.
G．Mst peple bsess ver what t say during imprmptu encunters.
【答案】35．A 36．F 37．G 38．C 39．D
【导语】本文是一篇关于即兴沟通技巧的说明文。文章通过提供具体的建议帮助读者在没有准备的情况下有效沟通。
35．下文“Having a clear bjective paired with an awareness f yur audience will narrw yur fcus. (拥有一个清晰的目标，加上对听众的了解，将有助于集中你的注意力。)”说明要明确沟通目标并了解听众，空格处需要一个与此相一致的选项，因此A项“Identify a cmmunicatin gal. (确定一个沟通目标。)”中的关键词gal和本段相符，故选A。
36．下文“In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints, ideas, fr example. (事实上，最好的演讲者通过展示特定点和想法之间的联系来保持听众兴趣。)”说明优秀的讲话需要有一定的逻辑结构，因此F项“A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement. (清晰的结构增强理解和参与度。)”与下文一致，故选F。
37．下文“Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening s that yu can better understand the in-the-mment needs and interests f yur cnversatin partners and respnd mre effectively. (你应该做相反的事情：专注于倾听，这样你就能更好地理解对话伙伴的即时需求和兴趣，并更有效地回应。)”说明在谈话中,我们应该更加注重倾听而不是说话,因此G项“Mst peple bsess ver what t say during imprmptu encunters. (大多数人在即兴场合过于纠结于该说什么。)”与下文的d the ppsite逻辑相符，故选G。
38．下文“Listeners are mre likely t trust and apprve f yu when yu speak like a human being rather than an actr r a rbt. (当你像一个人而不是演员或机器人那样说话时，听众更可能信任和赞同你。)”说明想要让对方更加信任自己，我们不应该像机器人那样发挥完美，机械回答，应该更像人类一样，有一些小错误，因此C项“Dn’t let the perfect be the enemy f the gd. (不要让完美成为好的敌人。)”与下文相一致，故选C。
39．下文“Frtunately, a measure f experimentatin thught, and practice f the skills can make imprmptu speaking pprtunities yur time t shine. (幸运的是，一些实验性思考和技能实践可以使即兴演讲机会成为你发光的时刻。)”可知通过这些小技巧，可以让人们在谈话中发挥出色，从而就不会紧张，因此D项“It’s being s nervus that we struggle with the talks. (正是因为我们太紧张，所以我们在谈话中挣扎。)”与下文相一致，故选D。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 (共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12 分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。
（24-25高三上·北京朝阳·开学考试）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容在答题卡相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。
There is certainly evidence that actrs experience a blending f their real self with their assumed characters. Fr instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much mre impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlck.”
A recent finding desn’t invlve acting, and it indicates that merely spending sme time thinking abut anther persn seemed t rub ff n the vlunteers’ sense f self led by Meghan Meyer at Princetn University. Acrss several studies, these researchers asked vlunteers t first rate their wn persnalities, memries r physical attributes, and then t perfrm the same task frm the perspective f anther persn. Fr instance, they might scre the emtinality f varius persnal memries, and then rate hw a friend r relative wuld have experienced thse same events.
After taking the perspective f anther, the vlunteers scred themselves nce again: the cnsistent finding was that their self - knwledge was nw changed—their self-scres had shifted t becme mre similar t thse they’d given fr smene else. Fr instance, if they had initially said the trait term “cnfident” was nly mderately related t themselves and then rated the term as being strngly related t a friend’s persnality, when they came t rescre themselves, they nw tended t see themselves as mre cnfident.
“By simply thinking abut anther persn, we may adapt ur self t take the shape f that persn” said Meyer and her clleagues. By rleplaying r acting ut the kind f persn we wuld like t becme, r merely by thinking abut and spending time with peple wh embdy the kind f attributes we wuld like t see in urselves, we can find that ur sense f self changes in desirable ways.
“As each f us chses wh t befriend, wh t mdel, and wh t ignre” write Meyer and her clleagues, “we must make these decisins aware f hw they shape nt nly the fabric f ur scial netwrks, but even ur sense f wh we are.”
40．Why did Benedict becme much mre impatient when filming Sherlck?

41．What des the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

42．Please decide which part f the fllwing statement is false, then underline it and explain why.
After taking the perspective f anther, the self-knwledge f vlunteers was changed—their self-scres reached a higher level than befre.

43．Hw wuld yu make use f the finding? (abut 40 wrds)

【答案】40．Because he experience a blending f his real self with his assumed characters. 41．It means that anther persn's characteristic will influence yur wn even when spending sme time thinking abut that persn. 42．After taking the perspective f anther, the self-knwledge f vlunteers was changed - their self scres reached a higher level than befre.
Accrding t the finding, the vlunteers’ self-scres wuld be mre similar t thse whse perspective they tk. S the self-scres wuld nt necessarily be higher. They culd als be lwer. 43．I wuld make use f the finding by spending time with r thinking abut peple wh have qualities I admire and wish t develp in myself, thereby psitively influencing my wn sense f self.
【导语】本文属于说明文。文章解释了一项心理学研究的结果，即人们的自我认知如何受到思考他人影响的变化，并探讨了这一现象的意义。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中“There is certainly evidence that actrs experience a blending f their real self with their assumed characters. Fr instance, Benedict Cumberbatch said, “My mum says I’m much mre impatient with her when I’m filming Sherlck.” (有确凿的证据表明，演员会将真实的自己与他们所扮演的角色融合在一起。例如，本尼迪克特·康伯巴奇说：“我妈妈说我在拍摄《神探夏洛克》时对她更不耐烦。”)”可知，Benedict在拍摄《神探夏洛克》时变得更加不耐烦是因为他真实的自我与他扮演的角色之间产生了混合。故答案为：Because he experienced a blending f his real self with his assumed characters.
41．考查词句猜测。根据文章第二段中“Acrss several studies, these researchers asked vlunteers t first rate their wn persnalities, memries r physical attributes, and then t perfrm the same task frm the perspective f anther persn. Fr instance, they might scre the emtinality f varius persnal memries, and then rate hw a friend r relative wuld have experienced thse same events. (在几项研究中，这些研究人员要求志愿者首先评价自己的个性、记忆力或身体特征，然后从另一个人的角度来执行同样的任务。例如，他们可能会对各种个人记忆的情绪进行评分，然后对朋友或亲戚如何经历同样的事件进行评分。)”和第三段“After taking the perspective f anther, the vlunteers scred themselves nce again: the cnsistent finding was that their self- knwledge was nw changed—their self-scres had shifted t becme mre similar t thse they’d given fr smene else. Fr instance, if they had initially said the trait term “cnfident” was nly mderately related t themselves and then rated the term as being strngly related t a friend’s persnality, when they came t rescre themselves, they nw tended t see themselves as mre cnfident. (在从另一个人的角度出发后，志愿者们再次给自己打分：一致的发现是，他们的自我认知现在发生了变化——他们的自我评分变得更接近于他们给别人的评分。例如，如果他们一开始说“自信”这个词与自己的关系一般，然后认为这个词与朋友的性格有很强的关系，当他们重新给自己打分时，他们现在倾向于认为自己更自信了。)”可知，思考另一个人会影响并改变我们的自我认知。所以该句意为“即使花一些时间思考另一个人，他的性格也会影响你自己的性格。”故答案为：It means that anther persn's characteristic will influence yur wn even when spending sme time thinking abut that persn.
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段中“After taking the perspective f anther, the vlunteers scred themselves nce again: the cnsistent finding was that their self- knwledge was nw changed—their self-scres had shifted t becme mre similar t thse they’d given fr smene else. (在从另一个人的角度出发后，志愿者们再次给自己打分：一致的发现是，他们的自我认知现在发生了变化——他们的自我评分变得更接近于他们给别人的评分。)”可知，根据这一发现，志愿者的自我评分与他们所持观点的人更相似，因此自我评分不一定更高，也可能更低。故答案为：After taking the perspective f anther, the self-knwledge f vlunteers was changed—— their self scres reached a higher level than befre.
Accrding t the finding, the vlunteers’ self-scres wuld be mre similar t thse whse perspective they tk. S the self-scres wuld nt necessarily be higher. They culd als be lwer.
43．开放性题目，此题要求回答会如何利用这一发现，答案不唯一，合理即可。例如：我会利用这一发现，花时间与那些有我钦佩的品质并希望在自己身上发展的人相处或思考，从而积极影响我自己的自我意识。故答案为：I wuld make use f the finding by spending time with r thinking abut peple wh have qualities I admire and wish t develp in myself, thereby psitively influencing my wn sense f self.
第二节 (20分)
44．（24-25高三上·北京·阶段练习）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友Jim在你的朋友圈看到你校高三年级开展了“勇攀高峰，青春无悔”（Aim High，Give It All）的长城主题活动，很感兴趣，发来邮件询问。请你回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 该活动的相关信息（如时间、内容. . . ）；2. 你参加该活动的感受。
注意： 1. 词数100左右； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m thrilled t hear yur interest in ur recent activity at the Great Wall themed “Aim High, Give It All.” The event tk place last Saturday, where all senir students were invited t hike alng the Great Wall. This activity aimed t inspire us t challenge urselves and push ur limits, bth physically and mentally. Participating in this event was truly memrable fr me. The breathtaking views f the Great Wall cmbined with the spirit f perseverance taught me the value f determinatin. It was a perfect pprtunity t bnd with classmates and reflect n ur gals.
I believe this experience will mtivate me in my future endeavrs.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，内容要求考生回复笔友Jim关于长城主题活动的信息。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
兴趣：interest → curisity
激励：inspire → mtivate
挑战自我：challenge urselves → push ur bundaries
难忘的：memrable → unfrgettable
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变复合句
原句：Participating in this event was truly memrable fr me.
拓展句：It was truly memrable fr me because participating in this event taught me valuable lessns.
【点睛】【高分句型一】The event tk place last Saturday, where all senir students were invited t hike alng the Great Wall.”(运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句)
【高分句型二】The breathtaking views f the Great Wall cmbined with the spirit f perseverance taught me the value f determinatin(运用了过去分词作定语)