高考英语一模突破卷02（北京专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语一模突破卷02（北京专用）（教师版），共24页。
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
（新情境）One mrning I was running late fr a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend ____1____ me,“Hw are yu ding?” But I didn’t give the ____2____ respnse “Gd, hw abut yu?” I started t cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain and everything else abut my ____3____ trip.
Instead f sympathy, he asked me a questin,“Hw d yu knw if the pwers f fate (命运) didn’t create thse radblcks?” The ____4____ was that I might be just spared smething much wrse than being late t a meeting. I gave a ____5____ smile and walked n. But ver the next few days the mre thught abut his questin, the mre wisdm I was able t see in it.
I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me frm accidents n the same rads I was traveling n. The mst memrable ____7____ was a white-ut snwstrm. We were frced t take a slwer rute which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family f fur, just like urs, was killed by a truck n the highway we had planned n taking. As this and ther memries came t mind, I ____8____ that it can be easy t be s fcused n an utcme and being n schedule that better pssibilities are nt cnsidered.
Ever since then, I have becme mre relaxed. I have lst weight, my bld pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed. It may r may nt be happening every mment f every day, but keeping my friend’s questin in mind puts me mre at ease and has ____10____ my life.
1. A. greetedB. questinedC. advisedD. cnsulted
2. A. hnestB. expectedC. detailedD. public
3. A. stressfulB. lnelyC. excitingD. lucky
4. A. impressinB. lessnC. inferenceD. reasn
5. A. helplessB. heartyC. nervusD. bitter
6. A. crwdsB. meetingsC. delaysD. dangers
7. A. sightB. exampleC. dreamD. feeling
8. A. realizedB. explainedC. cnsideredD. apprved
9. A. built upB. turned backC. gne dwnD. taken ff
10. A. defendedB. sparedC. cstD. imprved
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一次因赶会议迟到，在走廊向朋友抱怨行程不顺，朋友的一个关于命运阻碍的问题引发作者深思，作者回忆起过往因延误躲过灾祸的经历，从此心态变得更放松，生活也得到改善的故事。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友跟我打招呼，“你过得怎么样？”。A. greeted打招呼；B. questined询问；C. advised建议；D. cnsulted咨询。根据前文“One mrning I was running late fr a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway.(一天早上我开会要迟到了，在走廊里遇到了一位朋友。)”以及后文朋友的话“Hw are yu ding?(你过得怎么样？)”可知，两人偶遇，朋友用常用问候语打招呼。故选A。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我没有给出人们预期回应“很好，你呢？”。A. hnest诚实的；B. expected预期的；C. detailed详细的；D. public公开的。根据后文“I started t cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain and everything else(我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及其他所有事情)”可知，作者没有给出人们见面问候时通常预期的积极回应，而是开始抱怨。故选B。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及我这段令人有压力的行程中的其他所有事情。A. stressful有压力的；B. lnely孤独的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. lucky幸运的。根据前文“running late fr a meeting(开会要迟到了)”以及“cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain(抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度)”可知，这段行程让人很有压力。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由此可推断，我可能只是躲过了比开会迟到糟糕得多的事情。A. impressin印象；B. lessn教训；C. inference推断；D. reasn原因。根据前文朋友的问题“Hw d yu knw if the pwers f fate didn’t create thse radblcks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”可知，朋友的问题引导作者得出的一个可能的推论或结论。故选C。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我苦涩地笑了笑，继续往前走。A. helpless无奈；B. hearty热忱的；C. nervus紧张的；D. bitter苦涩的。根据前文“I started t cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain and everything else(我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及其他所有事情)”以及朋友提出的问题“Hw d yu knw if the pwers f fate didn’t create thse radblcks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”可知，作者正处于赶时间的烦躁中，面对朋友看似“不合时宜”的问题，内心满是苦涩，并非真心认同这句话。故选D。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了好几次，都是因为行程延误，我才在常走的路上躲过了事故。A. crwds人群；B. meetings会议；C. delays延误；D. dangers危险。根据前文“running late fr a meeting(开会要迟到了)”以及“cmplain abut the traffic, pr visibility in the rain(抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度)”中作者抱怨行程延误以及朋友提到的“Hw d yu knw if the pwers f fate didn’t create thse radblcks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”，再结合后文“kept me frm accidents(让我躲过了事故)”可知，此处指行程延误帮作者躲过事故。故选C。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的例子是一场大暴风雪。A. sight景象；B. example例子；C. dream梦想；D. feeling感觉。根据前文“I remembered the times when ____6____ kept me frm accidents(我想起了好几次，都是因为……，我才躲过了事故)”以及后文对“snwstrm(暴风雪)”的详细描述，可知这是一个具体例子。故选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些以及其他回忆涌上心头，我意识到，人们很容易过于关注结果和按时完成任务，而忽略了更好的可能性。A. realized意识到；B. explained解释；C. cnsidered考虑；D. apprved赞成。根据前文回忆的因延误躲过灾祸的经历，结合后文“it can be easy t be s fcused n an utcme and being n schedule that better pssibilities are nt cnsidered.(人们很容易过于关注结果和按时完成任务，而忽略了更好的可能性。)”可知，这是作者通过回忆得出的感悟。故选A。
9. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我体重减轻了，血压也下降了，压力也小了很多。A. built up增强；B. turned back返回；C. gne dwn下降；D. taken ff起飞。根据前文“Ever since then, I have becme mre relaxed.(从那以后，我变得更放松了。)”以及“feel less stressed(压力更小了)”可知，放松的状态让血压下降。故选C。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然可能不是每时每刻都这样，但记住朋友的问题让我更安心，也改善了我的生活。A. defended保卫；B. spared节省；C. cst花费；D. imprved改善。根据前文“I have lst weight, my bld pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed.(我体重减轻了，血压……了，压力也小了很多。)”可知，作者的生活状况变好了，生活得到了改善。故选D。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
（新语境）In 2014, a man at Stirling Statin ____11____ (accidental) tripped and gt trapped in between a train and the platfrm. As the man struggled t free himself, CCTV ftage captured the mment and the current passengers teamed up t push the train t ne side. They pulled tgether and tried several times, eventually ____12____ (help) the man free his leg. The man was seen by dctrs fllwing the incident, but frtunately he did nt suffer any serius ____13____ (injury).
【答案】11. accidentally 12. helping 13. injuries
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了在2014年斯特灵车站发生的一起意外事件。
11. 考查副词。句意：2014年，斯特灵车站的一名男子不小心绊倒，被困在火车和站台之间。空处修饰动词tripped，应用副词作状语，故填accidentally。
12. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们齐心协力，尝试了几次，最终帮助该男子抽出了腿。help和逻辑主语They之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语，故填helping。
13. 考查名词复数。句意：事故发生后，医生为这名男子进行了检查，但幸运的是，他没有受到严重伤害。injury是可数名词，此处不强调“任何一个”，所以injury用复数形式。故填injuries。
B
By the time Michael Phelps retired at 31, he ___14___ (cllect) a ttal f 23 glds, three silvers and tw brnzes at the Olympics, a recrd that lks unlikely t be brken fr many years ___15___ (cme). Phelps suffered hyperactivity disrder as a child and ___16___ (encurage) t take up swimming at seven t cntrl his energy. Over the years he develped int a champin swimmer, beating recrd after recrd. “I was trying t see ___17___ I culd really d and where my ptential culd g” , said Phelps.
【答案】14. had cllected 15. t cme 16. was encuraged 17. what
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了美国游泳名将菲尔普斯的成就以及他是如何走上游泳这条道路的。
14. 考查时态。句意：到31岁的迈克尔·菲尔普斯退役时，他已经在奥运会上总共获得了23枚金牌、3枚银牌和2枚铜牌，这个纪录在未来很多年都不太可能被打破。根据时间状语“By the time Michael Phelps retired at 31”可知用过去完成时，故填had cllected。
15. 考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知此处表示“未来很多年”，应该用不定式作后置定语表将来，故填t cme。
16. 考查时态语态。句意：菲尔普斯小时候患有多动症，为了控制自己的精力，他在7岁时被鼓励开始学习游泳。“as a child”表明陈述的是过去的事情，主语Phelps 与encurage之间是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，且谓语动词用第三人称单数，故填was encuraged。
17. 考查宾语从句。句意：菲尔普斯说:“我只是想看看自己究竟能做些什么，看看自己的潜力能发挥到什么程度”。此处为宾语从句，从句中的d缺少宾语，故填what。
C
The Chang-e 5 lunar prne explred the Mn fr abut a mnth and successfully returned t Earth____18____ fur punds f lunar rcks and sil. Chinese scientists researched them and fund water in sil sample ____19____（bring）back frm the Mn. It is the first time water has been discvered in/ the same frm as the water we use n Earth. Als, the sample came frm a part f the Mn, ____20____ the scientists did nt expect t find any water at all.
【答案】18. with 19. brught 20.where
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了嫦娥五号月球探测器在月球上探测了大约一个月，并成功地带回了4磅的月球岩石和土壤。中国科学家对它们进行了研究，并在从月球带回的土壤样本中发现了水。
18. 考查介词。句意：嫦娥五号月球探测器在月球上探测了大约一个月，并成功地带回了4磅的月球岩石和土壤。根据句意以及空后fur punds f lunar rcks and sil为名词短语可知，此处为介词with表示“携带，伴随”，满足句意要求。故填with。
19. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国科学家对它们进行了研究，并在从月球带回的土壤样本中发现了水。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰sil sample，sil sample和bring为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填brught。
20.考查定语从句。句意：此外，样本来自月球的一部分，科学家们根本没有想到会在那里发现任何水。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词where引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词Mn在从句中作地点状语成分。故填where。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，共38分）
第一节 （共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
（新语境）There are many ways t get invlved and vlunteer at the Natinal Museum f American Histry. Becming a Museum Ambassadr is ne f them. T learn mre abut this vlunteer prgram, please see the descriptins belw.
Museum Ambassadrs at the American Histry Museum are a mbile surce f infrmatin that helps bridge the gap between tw ther vlunteer grups here at the museum — infrmatin desk specialists, wh prvide rientatin (方向) assistance when guests arrive, and vlunteer dcents (讲师), wh prvide Highlights turs, facilitate hands-n demnstratins and circulate thrugh many f ur exhibitins t interact with visitrs. Each year, ur Museum Ambassadrs help ver 100,000 peple get the mst ut f their visits by welcming grups, circulating thrughut the museum's public znes t answer basic questins, and directing visitrs t prgrams and exhibitins f interest. The museum has als emplyed the Museum Ambassadrs t assist with special prjects and events as needed.
T learn mre abut what Museum Ambassadrs d, check ut what Larry has said, “As museum ambassadrs, we get t share in the curisity f a child, the nstalgia (怀旧) f returning visitrs, the treasure hunt f students assigned t find imprtant histrical bjects, and the amazement f thse experiencing ur eye n the natin's histry fr the first time. We can help recmmend a meaningful museum visit just fr yu. There's mre. We're als traffic cps when elevatrs and escalatrs break and extra eyes fr museum security."
If yu enjy…
•interacting with diverse audiences, age grups and learning styles.
•wrking in an ften busy and changing envirnment.
If yu have…
•strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.
•an interest in histry and cmmunicatin.
If yu can…
cmmit t three shifts a mnth (weekday Ambassadrs) r twice a mnth (weekend Ambassadrs).
The museum is pen 364 days a year, including weekends and hlidays.
•handle frequent walking, standing, and talking.
T Apply
T learn mre infrmatin abut the applicatin prcess, please cntact Ruth Shirley.
NOTE: Acceptance int the prgram is subject t successful cmpletin f an interview and backgrund investigatin.
21. Which ne is the respnsibility f Museum Ambassadrs?
A. T receive visitrs at the entrance.B. T take full charge f museum security.
C. T direct visitrs t their exhibitins f interest.D. T help visitrs with hands-n demnstratins
22. A qualified Museum Ambassadr shuld________.
A. enjy cmmunicating with pepleB. speak at least tw freign languages
C. have academic backgrund in histryD. cmmit t wrking three shifts at weekends
23 The authr writes this passage mainly t__________.
A. intrduce vlunteer prgrams fr teenagersB. prvide special turs t meet different needs
C. invite peple t visit the American Histry MuseumD. attract ptential applicants fr Museum Ambassadrs
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要通过介绍博物馆大使这个志愿者工作，来吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士。
【详解】
21.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year, ur Museum Ambassadrs help ver 100,000 peple get the mst ut f their visits by welcming grups, circulating thrughut the museum's public znes t answer basic questins, and directing visitrs t prgrams and exhibitins f interest.(每年，我们的博物馆大使所做的是欢迎游客，在博物馆的公共区域巡回且回答游客的基本问题，并引导参观者参观感兴趣的项目和展览，通过做这些，我们的博物馆大使帮助了超过10万人，使他们在自己的旅游参观中有最大的收获。)”可知，博物馆大使的职责之一就是引导游客参观他们感兴趣的展览。故选C。
22.细节理解题。根据If yu have…部分“•strng interpersnal and cmmunicatin skills.•an interest in histry and cmmunicatin. (较强的人际交往和沟通能力。对历史和沟通有兴趣。)”可知，一个合格的博物馆大使应该是喜欢与人交流和沟通，A项“enjy cmmunicating with peple (喜欢和人交流)”符合，B项“speak at least tw freign languages (至少会说两种外语)”文中没有提到，C项“have academic backgrund in histry (具有历史学术背景)”文中也没有提到，文中只提到对历史感兴趣，所以C不对；根据If yu can…部分中“twice a mnth (weekend Ambassadrs). (一月两次换班（周末大使）)”可知，D选项“cmmit t wrking three shifts at weekends (承诺周末三班倒)”不符，故选A。
23.推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章第一段主要介绍了成为博物馆大使，可以在美国历史博物馆做志愿者。第二段主要介绍了博物馆大使的职责。第三段介绍了成为博物馆大使的一些好处。接着文章从申请人的意愿，条件，要求，申请等几个方面介绍博物馆大使的工作。所以可以得知，文章主要目的是为了吸引有意申请博物馆大使的人士，故选D。
B
（新题材）Braving the elements
On Dec.26, Gelinne, 60, was lking ut the back windws f his hme at the frzen lake. Then an airplane came int his sight. Gelinne lked up just in time t see that small air plane a few hundred yards away, lsing cntrl.
As the plane disappeared behind the trees, Gelinne, a frmer Navy fficer, realized it was ging t land in the lake. He flashed n a mment frm mre than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at wrk in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped frm the chas but has always wndered if he culd have stayed inside and helped.
On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran dwn t the waterfrnt. The plane had skidded (侧滑) t a stp n the brad, frzen lake, far frm shre. It was nw sinking. The pilt was standing n the wing. Gelinne knew frm his Navy training that even a few minutes in the icy water culd kill the pilt.
Gelinne tested the ice with his ft and decided nt t take any chances walking n it. S he pulled a bat ut frm under his back deck.
Then he set ff, pushing his bat acrss the ice. It was tugh wrk. When Gelinne reached the plane, it had brken thrugh the ice and sunk; nly its tail was visible. The pilt was standing n a tail wing, submerged up t his chest, surrunded by pen water. Gelinne pushed his bat ff the ice and int the water, paddling (划) tward the pilt.
Gelinne fcused n keeping the pilt calm, jking, “Just hang n t the bat as if yu were hugging yur wife.” The pilt grabbed the bat’s bw, but Gelinne knew he had t get the pilt ut f the water and up nt the shelf f unbrken ice behind him befre the man lst t much bdy heat.
By nw a plice fficer had arrived and radied fr help. A lifebat appeared, breaking thrugh ice as it arrived. It picked up the pilt and rushed him t safety. Later the bat returned t help Gelinne, nw extremely tired, t shre.
“I’m 60 years ld,” Gelinne says. “There was n way I culd get him t shre.” Still, he was satisfied he’d gne the right way that day.
24. Why did Gelinne run utside withut hesitatin?
A. He had rescucing experience.B. He wanted t ffer help in time.
C. He needed mre time t prepare.D. He was amazed at what had happened.
25. Hw did Gelinne help the pilt?
A. He made a call t the plice.B. He gt the pilt ut f the water.
C. He asked the pilt t grasp the bw.D. He picked up the pilt nt the shre.
26. What Gelinne did in the rescue prved him t be ____________.
A. braveB. generusC. curiusD. strict
27. What can Gelinne prbably learn frm the rescue?
A. Think twice befre actin.B. One gd turn deserves anther.
C. It’s never t late t make things right.D. One shuld always be ready t seize chances.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了60岁的男子Gelinne在看到一架小飞机失控即将坠入湖中时，毫不犹豫地前去救援的故事。
24. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate.(这一天，杰琳没有犹豫。)”和第四段中“Gelinne tested the ice with his ft and decided nt t take any chances walking n it. S he pulled a bat ut frm under his back deck.(Gelinne用脚试了试冰面，决定不冒险在上面走。于是他从后甲板下拉出一条船。)”可推知，Gelinne毫不犹豫地跑出去是为了及时提供救援。故选B项。
25. 细节理解题。根据第六段中“Gelinne fcused n keeping the pilt calm, jking, “Just hang n t the bat as if yu were hugging yur wife.” The pilt grabbed the bat’s bw, but Gelinne knew he had t get the pilt ut f the water and up nt the shelf f unbrken ice behind him befre the man lst t much bdy heat.(Gelinne专注于让飞行员保持冷静，他开玩笑说：“只要抓住船，就像你在拥抱你妻子一样。”飞行员抓住船头，但Gelinne知道，他必须在飞行员失去太多体温之前，把他从水里救出来，爬到他身后未碎的冰架上。)”可知，Gelinne让飞行员抓住船头。故选C项。
26. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“On this day, Gelinne didn’t hesitate. He ran dwn t the waterfrnt.(这一天，Gelinne没有犹豫。他跑到水边。)”、第五段中“Then he set ff, pushing his bat acrss the ice. It was tugh wrk.(然后他出发了，推着他的船穿过冰面。这是一项艰苦的工作。)”和倒数第二段中“Later the bat returned t help Gelinne, nw extremely tired, t shre.(过了一会儿，小船又回来了，帮助此时极度疲惫的Gelinne上岸。)”可知，60岁的Gelinne不顾安危，毫不犹豫地去拯救掉到湖里的飞行员，说明他非常勇敢。故选A项。
27. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He flashed n a mment frm mre than 20 years earlier: Gelinne was at wrk in a bank. When a fire alarm rang, he escaped frm the chas but has always wndered if he culd have stayed inside and helped.(他突然想起了20多年前的一幕：杰琳在一家银行工作。当火灾警报响起时，他从混乱中逃了出来，但他一直在想自己是否能留在屋里帮忙。)”可知，Gelinne一直为20多年前的行为感到懊悔，结合最后一段中“Still, he was satisfied he’d gne the right way that day.(尽管如此，他还是很满意自己那天做出了正确的选择。)”可推知，Gelinne这次做出了正确的选择，弥补了过去的遗憾。由此推知，从这次救援中，Gelinne明白了：亡羊补牢，为时未晚。故选C项。
C
（新热点）Games have captivated humans fr millennia, with a histry dating back t ancient Hindu hymns that cmpared dice games t an addictive drug. The wrld’s first casin in Renaissance Venice even led t the bankruptcy f the ruling class. Tday, the gaming market is as large as all ther frms f entertainment cmbined. While play is ften seen as trivial, it is evlutinarily ancient — many mammals, birds, and even insects engage in it. Fr neurscientists, studying play is challenging because it’s difficult t suppress, revealing its deep rts in human and animal behavir.
But why is play s deeply ingrained (根深蒂固的)? The brain builds mdels f the wrld t anticipate events, and games are centered n uncertainty. Unpredictability signals smething is missing in the brain’s mdel, prmpting curisity and further learning. Children, fr example, stp playing tic-tac-te nce they realize it always ends in a draw. Thrugh play, we learn t handle the unknwn.
Animals, particularly scial nes, play t explre their envirnment and understand each ther. Research n yung rats shws that play is essential fr brain develpment. Play-deprived rats are mre aggressive and struggle with scial cues. Similarly, kittens learn t cntrl their claws and bite gently thrugh play. Lng befre mdern neurscientists, philsphers like Plat believed games were crucial fr teaching children t fllw rules. Medieval aristcrats learned chess t understand their character, and the ancient game f G was praised fr sharpening insight. Ultimately, cmpetitive games teach us t cperate, bey rules, and pursue gals fairly.
Games als serve as a medium fr mral lessns. Games like Snakes and Ladders and the Mansin f Happiness taught players abut karma (因果报应) and virtues versus vices. Thrugh play, we cnsider ther peple’s desires and strategies, laying the fundatin fr empathy.
In the Renaissance, gamblers wh studied dice t gain an advantage helped develp prbability thery. This frmalizatin f randmness revlutinized mathematics and science, as chance culd nw be studied and systematized. Prbability thery later became a key cmpnent f the scientific revlutin, thugh its applicatin in real-wrld events has led t issues like the replicatin crises in science.
Tday, prbability thery is fundatinal in business and ecnmics, with stck markets and financial derivatives using similar principles. Games als shape mdern scial and ecnmic systems. Game designers, like Reiner Knizia, emphasize the imprtance f scring systems t influence behavir. In games like Mnply, players must act like capitalists t win, regardless f persnal values. Crpratins design games that influence ur chices, frm ads t apps. Understanding hw these games shape ur behavir is crucial t ensuring we retain cntrl ver ur values rather than letting the games play us.
28. Play is deeply rted in human in that it .
A. helps tackle uncertainty and learnB. establishes new brain mdels
C. functins as an addictive drugD. enhances brain develpment
29. What can be inferred frm the passage?
A. Animals use play t teach apprpriate scial behavirs.
B. Shwing empathy results in better perfrmance in play.
C. Peple shuld recgnize hw games influence decisins.
D. Games bring abut revlutins in math and scientific fields.
30. The passage intends t .
A. explain the evlutin f games thrughut histry
B. analyze the impact f play n the entertainment industry
C. intrduce the rle f games in current ecnmic systems
D. stress the imprtance f play in human and animal develpment
【答案】28.A 29. C 30. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。整篇文章的内容围绕游戏的深远历史和它在人类与动物行为、道德教育、科学发展及现代社会中的重要作用展开。通过不同的层面（从大脑科学到经济行为），作者阐述了游戏不仅仅是娱乐工具，它深刻影响着我们学习、社交、道德观念。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段“But why is play s deeply ingrained (根深蒂固的)? The brain builds mdels f the wrld t anticipate events, and games are centered n uncertainty. Unpredictability signals smething is missing in the brain’s mdel, prmpting curisity and further learning. Children, fr example, stp playing tic-tac-te nce they realize it always ends in a draw. Thrugh play, we learn t handle the unknwn.(但为什么玩耍会如此根深蒂固呢？大脑会构建关于世界的模型以预测各种事件，而游戏则围绕着不确定性展开。不确定性表明大脑的模型中存在缺失之处，从而激发好奇心并促进进一步的学习。例如，孩子们在意识到井字棋总是会以平局告终后，就会不再玩这个游戏。通过玩耍，我们学会了应对未知)”可知，游戏在人类生活中有着根深蒂固的地位，因为它有助于应对不确定性并促进学习。故选A。
29. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Understanding hw these games shape ur behavir is crucial t ensuring we retain cntrl ver ur values rather than letting the games play us.(了解这些游戏如何影响我们的行为，对于确保我们能够掌控自己的价值观，而非被这些游戏所左右，至关重要)”可知，人们应当认识到游戏对决策的影响。故选C。
30. 推理判断题。根据第一段“While play is ften seen as trivial, it is evlutinarily ancient — many mammals, birds, and even insects engage in it. Fr neurscientists, studying play is challenging because it’s difficult t suppress, revealing its deep rts in human and animal behavir.(虽然游戏通常被视为无关紧要的行为，但从进化角度来看，它却历史悠久——许多哺乳动物、鸟类以及昆虫都会进行游戏活动。对于神经科学家而言，研究游戏颇具挑战性，因为很难抑制这种行为，这表明其在人类和动物行为中有着深厚的根源)”结合这篇文章重点介绍了游戏的重要性。介绍它是如何深深根植于人类和动物的行为、它在动物大脑发育、动物社会学习以及人类道德教学中的作用。游戏在历史和经济学的作用也属于人类发展的范畴。可知，文章旨在强调游戏在人类及动物成长过程中的重要性。故选D。
D
Mst envirnmental pllutin cmes frm humans and their inventins. The electric bulbs are thught t be ne f the greatest human inventins f all time. Hwever, t much f a gd thing has started t negatively impact the envirnment. Light pllutin, the extreme r inapprpriate use f utdr artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavir. There is a glbal mvement t reduce light pllutin, and everyne can help.
Light pllutin is a glbal issue. This became particularly bvius when the Wrld Atlas (地图册)f Night Sky Brightness a cmputer-generated map based n thusands f satellite phts, was published in 2016. Vast areas f Nrth America, Eurpe, the Middle East, and Asia are glwing with light, while nly Siberia, the Sahara, and the Amazn are in ttal darkness.
Artificial light can wreak havc n natural bdy rhythms in bth humans and animals. It interrupts sleep and cnfuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-fur-hur clck that guides day and night activities and affects physilgical prcesses in nearly all living rganisms. One f these prcesses is the prductin f the hrmne melatnin(褪黑素), which is released when it is dark and is prevented when there is light. An increased amunt f light at night lwers melatnin prductin, which results in lack f sleep, headaches, stress, anxiety, and ther health prblems. Blue light, in particular, has been shwn t reduce levels f melatnin in humans. It is fund in cell phnes and ther cmputer devices, as well as in light-emitting dides (LEDs), the kinds f bulbs that have becme ppular at hme and in industrial and city lighting due t their lw cst and energy efficiency.
Studies shw that light pllutin is als impacting animal behavirs, such as migratin (迁徙)patterns and habitat frmatin. Because f light pllutin, sea turtles guided by mnlight during migratin get cnfused, lse their way, and ften die. Large numbers f insects, a primary fd surce fr birds and ther animals, are drawn t artificial light and are instantly killed upn cntact with light surces. Even animals living under the deep sea may be affected by underwater artificial lighting. One study lked at hw animals in sea respnded t brightly lit panels put under water ff the cast f Wales. Fewer filter feeding animals(滤食性动物), such as the sea squirt(海鞘), made their hmes near the lighted panels. This culd mean that the artificial light is altering cean ecsystems.
The gd news is that light pllutin, unlike many ther frms f pllutin, is reversible(可逆的)and each ne f us can make a difference! Nw, many peple are taking actin t reduce light pllutin and bring back the natural night sky. Individuals are urged t use utdr lighting nly when and where it is needed, t make sure utdr lights are prperly shielded (遮挡)and direct light dwn instead f up int the sky, and t clse windw blinds, shades, and curtains at night t keep light inside.
31. What des the underlined phrase “wreak havc n” in Para. 3 prbably mean?
A. Greatly imprve.B. Well maintain.
C. Strictly manage.D. Seriusly damage.
32. Accrding t the passage, which wuld the authr agree with?
A. Light pllutin was first studied as a glbal issue in 2016.
B. Deep-sea envirnment can help animals avid light pllutin.
C. Artificial light affects the sense f directin and habits f animals.
D. LEDs can be used mre because f lw cst and energy efficiency.
33 What is the authr’s attitude twards the cntrl f light pllutin?
A. Uncncerned. B. Psitive.C. Neutral.D. Negative.
34. What is the main purpse f the passage?
A. T call n peple t reduce light pllutin.
B. T discuss frs and againsts f artificial light.
C. T give suggestins t prtect envirnment.
D. T shw develpment prspect f artificial light.
【答案】31. D 32. C 33. B 34. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染。
31. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语下文“It interrupts sleep and cnfuses the circadian rhythm(生理节奏)一the internal, twenty-fur-hur clck that guides day and night activities and affects physilgical prcesses in nearly all living rganisms. (它会干扰睡眠，扰乱昼夜节律——几乎所有生物体内指导昼夜活动并影响生理过程的24小时生物钟)”和下文提到的人造光对人类和动物造成的危害可知，人造光会打扰睡眠，扰乱生理节律，对人类和动物产生危害，结合划线短语所在句子“Artificial light can wreak havc n natural bdy rhythms in bth humans and animals.(人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律wreak havc n。)”可推知，人造光可以对人类和动物的自然节律造成严重破坏。由此可知，划线短语“wreak havc n”意思与D项“严重损害”意思一样，故选D。
32．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Studies shw that light pllutin is als impacting animal behavirs, such as migratin (迁徙)patterns and habitat frmatin. Because f light pllutin, sea turtles guided by mnlight during migratin get cnfused, lse their way, and ften die. (研究表明，光污染也影响动物的行为，如迁徙模式和栖息地的形成。由于光污染，在月光引导下的海龟在迁徙过程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。)”可知，人造光影响动物的方向感和习性。故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The gd news is that light pllutin, unlike many ther frms f pllutin, is reversible(可逆的)and each ne f us can make a difference! (好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可逆的，我们每个人都可以做出改变！)”可知，光污染是可逆的，每个人都可以做出改变，由此可推知，作者对光污染控制的态度是积极乐观的，故选B。
34. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Light pllutin, the extreme r inapprpriate use f utdr artificial light, is affecting human health and wildlife behavir. There is a glbal mvement t reduce light pllutin, and everyne can help.(光污染，极端或不适当的使用户外人工光，正在影响人类健康和野生动物的行为。有一个减少光污染的全球运动，每个人都可以帮忙。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人造光对人类和动物的危害，呼吁我们要行动起来，减少光污染，所以文章的写作目的是呼吁人们减少光污染。故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（新语境）Hesitatin as intuitin (直觉)
Yu’ve thught abut it. Yu’ve made yur decisin and then.….yu hesitate. Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate. ____35____
Our culture values ding. We’re cnstantly urged t “g fr it.” But what if hesitatin is nt a sign f weakness but rather a valuable signal? ____36____ But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. If yu ntice yurself hesitating, it might mean a part f yu isn’t quite sure. Hesitatin can be the bdy’s way f alerting us t verlked details r cncealed infrmatin that culd be crucial t ur chice.
Since hesitatin can carry such significance, it becmes essential t understand the nature f the signals ur bdies send. Althugh distinguishing between intuitin and fear r anxiety is nt easy, when we cultivate the habit f self-awareness and understand ur fears, we can begin t decipher (辨认) the messages behind ur hesitatin. Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins. ____37____ Therefre, by integrating ur emtins and physical sensatins int the decisin-making prcess, we access a mre cmprehensive understanding.
T make mre infrmed decisins, we can emply specific strategies. One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait. ____38____ Anther interesting way t lk at making a decisin is t walk up t the dr f it. Take actin as if yu had already made the decisin. And befre it’s t late, ntice hw it feels t walk that path. That may give yu mre infrmatin than thinking ever culd.
____39____ By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.
A. It’s easy t miss intuitive signals when we are mving frm thinking minds.
B. They wrk within fixed framewrks that might nt match the cmplex reality.
C. While ur minds are undubtedly pwerful, ur bdies als hld a wealth f wisdm.
D. In nature, the key t effective decisin-making lies in seeing hesitatin as a help.
E. Check back in with the decisin yu thught yu made and see if anything differs.
F. Hesitatin means yur intuitin is trying t speak t yu frm deep inner place.
G. This hesitatin is cmmn yet ften verlked in ur decisin-making prcess.
【答案】35. G 36. C 37. B 38. E 39. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了犹豫的重要意义以及做出更明智的决定，我们可以采用具体的策略。
35. 根据上文“Yur muse hvers ver the “purchase nw” buttn, yu’ve written the text but can’t quite bring yurself t press “send”. Yu hesitate.(你的鼠标悬停在“立即购买”按钮上，你已经写好了文字，但无法让自己按下“发送”。你犹豫)”可知，选项承接上文说明这种现象的普遍性和被忽视性。故G选项“这种犹豫很常见，但在我们做决定的过程中却经常被忽视”切题。故选G项。
36. 根据下文“But we dn’t always make it a practice t listen t ur bdies. When we d pay attentin, we have access t a lt f nnratinal infrmatin including ur intuitin. (但是我们并没有经常去倾听我们身体的声音。当我们集中注意力的时候，我们可以接触到很多非理性的信息，包括我们的直觉)”可知，选项承接下文说明我们的身体中藏着巨大的智慧。故C选项“虽然我们的思想无疑是强大的，但我们的身体也拥有丰富的智慧”切题。a wealth f wisdm呼应a lt f nnratinal infrmatin。故选C项。
37. 根据上文“Mrever, ur ratinal minds have their limitatins.(此外，我们的理性思维也有其局限性)”可知，选项承接上文具体说明局限性的内容。故B选项“它们在固定的框架内工作，可能与复杂的现实不匹配”切题。故选B项。
38. 根据上文“One way that we can help urselves with a specific decisin is t ntice when there’s hesitatin and, if yu have the time, wait.(我们可以帮助自己做出具体决定的一种方法是注意到犹豫的时候，如果你有时间，等待)”可知，选项与上文为并列关系继续说明犹豫的时候该做的事情。故E选项“回顾一下你认为自己做出的决定，看看是否有什么不同”切题。故选E项。
39. 根据下文“By integrating bth ratinal and intuitive elements, we can handle the cmplex chices with greater cnfidence and clarity.(通过整合理性和直觉的元素，我们可以更有信心和更清晰地处理复杂的选择)”可知，选项在总结全文强调了犹豫在决策中的重要作用且这种作用能够帮助我们处理复杂的选择。故D选项“从本质上讲，有效决策的关键在于将犹豫视为一种帮助”切题。故选D项。
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
（新题材）Building relatinships and wrking successfully with different cultural backgrunds can seem like a majr challenge. But yu can enjy the rewards, while keeping dissatisfactin t a minimum. The key t making them wrk is cultural cmpetence. Essentially, cultural cmpetence is defined as the ability t understand and interact effectively with peple frm different cultures.
Cultural cmpetence is critical fr everyne in tday’s mdern wrld. Living and wrking in a culturally diverse envirnment smetimes cmes with differences f pinin and tensin. Peple with strng cultural cmpetence can reslve these issues creatively, even if a slutin seems impssible at first. What’s mre, thinking and caring abut thers with different experiences can bring ut a sense f understanding. This helps t build trust between each ther.
Cultural cmpetence can be imprved thrugh training, educatin, and experience. Here are sme simple tips t help yu imprve yur cultural cmpetence.
Assess yurself
The starting pint is t understand yur wn cultural values and wrld view. Assess the current level f cultural cmpetence in yurself and identify the knwledge, skills and resurces that yu want t acquire. This can give yu an idea f yur strengths and weaknesses in the area s that yu can imprve yurself in future.
Practice gd manners
N matter whm yu are dealing with, make sure that yu are respecting thers’ backgrunds, bundaries and custms. Pay clse attentin t yur cmmunicatin and make sure that yu’re speaking t thers in a kind and plite way.
Ask questins
When yu dn’t understand smething r want t knw why smene has behaved in a certain way, simply ask. Asking questins stps yu making unnecessary assumptins, and shws the questins yu did nt understand t them.
Keep in mind that develping cultural cmpetence is nt a ne-sht enterprise. It takes time and practice. Whether yu are in a classrm r n campus, cultural cmpetence plays an imprtant rle in yur daily envirnment. Recgnizing and dealing with cultural differences will create a happier setting fr everyne.
40. What is cultural cmpetence accrding t the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
41. Why is cultural cmpetence imprtant fr peple in intercultural envirnment?
____________________________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
>T imprve ur cultural cmpetence, we shuld nt nly understand ur strengths and weaknesses in this area, but als ask questins when we dn’t understand thers’ behavirs, even if we may speak in an implite way.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
43. Apart frm the tips mentined in the passage, what ther way(s) can yu think f t develp yur cultural cmpetence? (In abut 40 wrds)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】40. It is the ability t understand and interact effectively with peple frm different cultures.
41. Because peple can reslve issues creatively and build trust between each ther.
42. T imprve ur cultural cmpetence, we shuld nt nly understand ur strengths and weaknesses in this area, but als ask questins when we dn’t understand thers’ behavirs, even if we may speak in an implite way. Because accrding t the passage, we have t make sure that we’re speaking t thers in a kind and plite way.
43. T develp cultural cmpetence, we shuld learn abut different cultures by reading relevant bks and searching fr infrmatin nline t equip urselves with knwledge. It is advisable t jin an intercultural cmmunicatin wrkshp t interact with peple frm diverse backgrunds t imprve ur intercultural cmmunicatin skills.
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍是什么是“文化能力”，它的重要性，以及提高这种能力的方法。
40. 考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Essentially, cultural cmpetence is defined as the ability t understand and interact effectively with peple frm different cultures.(从本质上讲，文化能力被定义为理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力)”可知，文化能力是理解来自不同文化的人并与之有效互动的能力。故答案为：It is the ability t understand and interact effectively with peple frm different cultures.
41. 考查细节理解。根据第二段的“Peple with strng cultural cmpetence can reslve these issues creatively, even if a slutin seems impssible at first. What’s mre, thinking and caring abut thers with different experiences can bring ut a sense f understanding. This helps t build trust between each ther.(具有强大文化能力的人可以创造性地解决这些问题，即使一开始似乎不可能解决。更重要的是，思考和关心有不同经历的人可以带来一种理解感。这有助于在彼此之间建立信任)”可知，在跨文化环境中文化能力对人们来说很重要是因为，有了它人们可以创造性地解决问题，并建立彼此之间的信任。故答案为：Because peple can reslve issues creatively and build trust between each ther.
42. 考查细节理解。根据Assess yurself部分的“This can give yu an idea f yur strengths and weaknesses in the area s that yu can imprve yurself in future.(这可以让你对自己在该领域的优势和劣势有一个大致的了解，这样你就可以在未来提高自己)”和Practice gd manners部分的“Pay clse attentin t yur cmmunicatin and make sure that yu’re speaking t thers in a kind and plite way.(密切关注你的交流，确保你以一种友好和礼貌的方式与他人交谈)”可知，为了提高我们的文化能力，我们应该了解我们在这方面的优势和劣势，当我们不理解他人的行为时，我们应该礼貌地提出问题。因此错误部分是“even if we may speak in an implite way”，因为根据原文所述，我们应该确保以友好和礼貌的方式与他人交流。故答案为：T imprve ur cultural cmpetence, we shuld nt nly understand ur strengths and weaknesses in this area, but als ask questins when we dn’t understand thers’ behavirs, even if we may speak in an implite way. Because accrding t the passage, we have t make sure that we’re speaking t thers in a kind and plite way.
43. 开放性问题。结合文章内容，答案符合逻辑即可，注意字数。例如：为了培养文化能力，我们应该通过阅读相关书籍和在线搜索信息来了解不同的文化，从而获得知识。建议参加跨文化交流研讨会，与来自不同背景的人互动，以提高我们的跨文化交流技能。故答案为：T develp cultural cmpetence, we shuld learn abut different cultures by reading relevant bks and searching fr infrmatin nline t equip urselves with knwledge. It is advisable t jin an intercultural cmmunicatin wrkshp t interact with peple frm diverse backgrunds t imprve ur intercultural cmmunicatin skills.
第二节（20分）
（新话题）假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，你校上个月举办了九十周年校庆活动。英国交换生Jim听闻后，对此活动非常感兴趣，请你给Jim发邮件，内容包括：
1. 校庆活动介绍；
2. 你的感受。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】One pssible versin:
Dear Jim,
I’m glad yu’re interested in ur schl’s 90th anniversary celebratin! Last mnth, we held a wnderful event with perfrmances by students and alumni, an exhibitin f ld phts and schl histry, and even a tree-planting ceremny t mark the ccasin. Many frmer teachers and graduates returned t campus, sharing tuching stries abut their time here.
I felt really prud t be part f such a histric mment. Seeing hw much ur schl has grwn — and hw deeply peple care abut it — gave me a strng sense f belnging. I wish yu culd have been there t!
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国交换生Jim回复邮件，介绍学校九十周年校庆活动的相关情况，并分享自己的感受，满足Jim对该活动的兴趣需求。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
纪念：mark → cmmemrate
对……感兴趣：be interested in →be keen n
展览：exhibitin→display
归属感：sense f belnging →sense f affiliatin
2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：Seeing hw much ur schl has grwn — and hw deeply peple care abut it — gave me a strng sense f belnging.
拓展句：What gave me a strng sense f belnging was seeing hw much ur schl has grwn and hw deeply peple care abut it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Many frmer teachers and graduates returned t campus, sharing tuching stries abut their time here.（运用了现在分词短语作状语）
【高分句型2】Seeing hw much ur schl has grwn — and hw deeply peple care abut it — gave me a strng sense f belnging.（运用了动名词短语作主语，以及hw引导的宾语从句）
（请务必将作文写在答题卡指定区域内）