【英语】山西省太原市2025-2026学年高一上学期期末学业诊断试题（学生版+解析版）

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第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
SCIENCE NEEDS YOU!
Citizen science is a new mvement which invlves members f the public, either singly r in grups, wrking twards a cmmn gal. Very ften, citizen scientists cllect, reprt r analyse data. What makes a citizen scientist?
Anyne wh cntributes their time, effrt and whatever resurces they have t a scientific research prject is a citizen scientist. They cme frm all walks f life — husewives, retirees, students, sprts peple, children. There’s n need fr a frmal r strng scientific backgrund, just enthusiasm.
Hw t get invlved?
If yu have a particular hbby, interest r expertise there’s almst certainly a prject yu can jin. Search nline fr citizen science prjects and pick ut the nes yu like. It culd be bserving insects, migratry birds, even plates mvements; all yu have t d is t recrd and hand in bservatins. Yu can use yur laptp r even yur smartphne t d this — easy!
Here is an pprtunity frm NASA:
Will it ever be “real” science?
Citizen science is hw real science started! Mst f ur early scientific discveries were made by enthusiasts. Data cllected by vlunteers hlds cmparable scientific value t that cllected by “real” scientists and as big data becmes mre widespread, the tls t prcess it are becming mre user-friendly. S yes, citizen science is as real as it can be!
1. Which f the fllwing is a shared feature f citizen scientists?
A. Having a strng scientific backgrund.B. Being expert in designing scientific research.
C. Being enthusiastic abut cntributing t science.D. Using science t help peple frm all walks f life.
2. What will a citizen scientist d in Space Clud Watch?
A. Recrd the time f daybreak.B. Take phts f nctilucent cluds.
C. Read Earth’s atmsphere bservatins.D. Have a training abut shting nctilucent cluds.
3. What des the authr think f citizen science?
A. It helps t advance science.B. It is ppular amng vlunteers.
C. The data cllected is pen t all.D. It is the key t scientific discveries.
B
Dearest friends,
I hpe this update finds yu well. Once again, yur letters since my last update have blwn me away! It seems that ur sewing (缝纫) schl, Sewing Amazing, has tuched many f yu, and I am truly mved by yur genersity in dnating t ur final-year students. We almst have enugh mney fr each f them t have a machine f their wn and I am s grateful t yu wh have made this happen.
We began Sewing Amazing back in 2017, when peple ut f wrk in Meriting asked fr ur help in teaching them skills that culd enable them t have an incme. Our tw-year prgram starts with the basics f sewing in the first year. In the secnd year, students are tasked t make items (物品) fr visitrs t take hme as gifts. We have seen many students successfully graduate frm ur training schl and change their life.
Clemie, a single mther with tw yung children, is ne f ur secnd-year students. The family lives in a shipping cntainer with an utside tilet. Life is hard fr them. Faced with challenges f getting a jb, she jined ur sewing schl and her life tk a psitive turn. The knwledge and techniques she has gained thrugh the curse have enabled her t design and create dresses fr the cmmunity, generating an incme that significantly imprves her ability t supprt herself and her children.
Thanks t all f yu, Clemie is ne f the ladies wh will be given a sewing machine when she graduates. This is ging t give her the pprtunity t develp her sewing skills and t make mre items t sell. We are excited t see where the future takes her.
I hpe yu have enjyed hearing a little mre abut Sewing Amazing and I will write sn t share mre f ur prjects. Thank yu nce again fr supprting ur wrk.
Yur friend,
Lisa
4. What can we learn abut Sewing Amazing?
A. It sells sewing machines.B. It prvides jbs fr peple.
C. It designs hand- made gifts.D. It trains peple t sew fr a living.
5. Why is Clemie mentined in Paragraph 3?
A. T prve her talent in making dresses.B. T stress her hrrible living cnditins.
C. T shw the influence f the training schl.D. T ppularize the curse f Sewing Amazing.
6. What des Lisa think f Clemie’s future?
A. Prmising.B. Eventful.C. Peaceful.D. Successful.
7. What is the letter intended t d?
A. Present scial prblems.B. Raise mney fr the pr.
C. Express thanks t dnrs.D. Advertise Sewing Amazing.
C
Bttlense dlphins are highly scial creatures. They hang ut, surf waves fr fun, and frm lng-lasting, deep ties. Whether these clse friendships directly lead t better health, hwever, lng remained a mystery. Recently a new study published in Nature Cmmunicatins Bilgy prvides a cnclusive answer t this very questin.
In the study, researchers lked at 50 skin samples (样本) frm 38 bttlense dlphins in Shark Bay. They als checked data n scial cnnectins between dlphins in the bay based n years’ wrth f bservatins. They fund that dlphins with strng scial ties aged slwly cmpared t their cmpanins wh lived lnelier lives. “We knew scial ties helped animals live lnger, but this is the first time we have shwn that they affect the aging prcess,” said Gerber, lead authr f the study.
Lnelier dlphins may have t hunt fr themselves, cmpete fr partners withut backup, and face sharks and ther killers-factrs that can cntribute t a stressful existence, much like in humans, researchers say. “Having friends means yu hunt tgether, watch each ther’s backs, and share the lad,” Dr Gerber said.
Until nw, mst research int the effects f friendships n aging has fcused n animals’ actual age since birth and lifetime. Hwever, in the latest study, scientists figured ut the true bilgical age f the dlphins based n individual DNA markers. Such an “epigenetic clck” prvides a better indicatr f an animal’s verall health and aging cnditins. In previus studies, epigenetic clcks have shwed hw factrs like pllutin, sadness, and psitive r negative scial ties influence bilgical age.
The findings highlight the imprtance f spending time n meaningful relatinships, alng with healthy eating and exercising fr a lnger life. “The health benefits f friendship are nt limited t humans — they are a key part f bilgy in scial animals,” said Dr. Gerber. “I predict we will cntinue t find that friendship is a natural anti-aging secret acrss scial species.”
8. What did the new study find?
A. Certain dlphins were mre sciable.B. Aging was determined by scial behavirs.
C. Friendship helped dlphins age mre slwly.D. Lnelier dlphins were in danger f dying ut.
9. What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A. The prcess f dlphin hunting.B. The similarity between humans and dlphins.
C. The dangers dlphins face in the cean.D. The rle f scial ties in helping dlphins survive.
10. The underlined phrase “an epigenetic clck” in paragraph 4 refers t ________.
A. a tl fr DNA researchB. a measure f bilgical age
C. a recrd f an animal’s birth dateD. a factr in influencing animal health
11. What can we learn frm Dr. Gerber’s wrds in the last paragraph?
A. Clse scial ties require regular interactin.
B. Health depends n diet, exercise and scial ties.
C. Future research will fcus n human scial relatinships.
D. The benefits f friendship are shared amng scial animals.
D
We tend t imagine the hliday seasn as universally jyful and scial, full f family gatherings and shared traditins. But many peple admitted nw that spending hlidays with family is happy but scial time, even psitive time with lved nes, can be tiring. Gift buying, travel r hsting can all build up and wear them ut.
In a recent survey in the UK by Slitude (孤独) Lab, when respndents were asked which feelings they cnnected with the hliday seasn, mst ften chse wrds related t lve and tgetherness, but sme peple als chse calmness and relaxatin. This suggests peple expect bth cnnectin and rest. Brief mments f slitude can help balance it all ut.
In several experiments, the researchers bserved drps in strng emtins like excitement r anxiety after peple had spent just 15 t 30 minutes alne. Participants were ften asked t spend the time having fun n their phne, reading r simply sitting alne. The researchers als fund physilgical prf that slitude helps the bdy cme dwn frm stress mre quickly. That makes it a useful balance during weeks when stress runs high. Slitude in this case isn’t avidance, but instead a means f adjustment.
In the mdern wrld, scial nrms (规范) — especially after the COVID-19 — have shifted twards spending time alne. Mre peple nw embrace it rather than fear it, and ur mindset plays a large part in hw slitude feels.
Slitude lends itself t reflective activities like lking back n psitive mments frm the past year r lw-key activities such as taking a walk thrugh a lcal park. Althugh physical slitude means being n yur wn, it desn’t mean yu are cut ff. Reaching ut t smene r writing a card can remind us f cnnectins we have built, making slitary time feel mre enriching. When yur hliday seasn is spent alne, it isn’t abut chsing slitude ver cnnectin, but abut allwing bth t have their place during a seasn that ften asks a lt frm us.
12. What des the authr want t say abut the hliday seasn in paragraph 1?
A. Its traditins are changing.B. It has lst its shine fr many.
C. It is a happy time fr family gatherings.D. It is abut activities like shpping and hsting.
13. What d researchers cnsider slitude as?
A. An escape frm bredm.B. A sign f hliday lneliness.
C. An apprach t reducing pressure.D. A way f aviding unnecessary interactin.
14. What can be inferred abut slitude in the mdern wrld?
A. It takes away frm the hliday jy.B. It changes the scial nrms gradually.
C. It is increasingly accepted and welcmed.D. It is embraced by peple affected by illness.
15. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A. Spend a Little Alne Time.B. Challenge the Traditinal Hlidays.
C. Appreciate Calmness and Tgetherness.D. Step Away frm Yur Cmfrtable Zne.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
One f my mst memrable learning experiences happened in the furth grade when we had a prject f making a bird bath. I remember asking fr help and my father generusly spending hurs with me, helping me t bserve hw t put the wden pieces tgether. My bird bath was just basic, and it eventually fell apart. ___16___
Whether yu’re a parent r a creative, the ability t bserve is at the heart f each rle. My father did nt crrect my effrts as I acted n my visin. ___17___ And after my prject failed, he asked me t cnsider what I failed t see.
The rle f bservatin in ur daily lives imprves ur awareness. ___18___ When we see smene perfrm a certain actin r shw certain emtins, ur mirrr neurns (神经元) create mental images we can draw n later, t cmplete the same task r respnd t similar emtins.
After my incident with the bird bath, my dad asked me an imprtant questin. “If yu were t make it again, what might yu d differently?” Thanks t hw ur brains are built t bserve, we als learn indirectly. Imagine we’ re n a hike tgether. If I trip n a tree rt befre yu d, yu get t avid it. ___19___ In this way, we have the pprtunity t make crrectins and adjustments t the apprach we take t cmplete the same r similar task.
___20___ As a lifelng learner, it will nt matter what yu chse t lk at clsely. Whatever the fcus, if yu d it ften enugh, yu will strengthen yur ability t reflect.
A. Instead, he taught me t bserve clsely.
B. I was left in tears then — yet with a lessn nw.
C. Imprving yur ability t bserve will benefit yu.
D. I began t read abut birds and listen t bird calls.
E. This is because ur brains are built t learn by bserving.
F. When we see smene make a mistake, we can chse a better path.
G. Based n this, mdel the behavir yu expect frm yur children.
第三部分 语言运用（共三节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The bx f my cllege textbks sat in the hallway. With graduatin drawing near, I was busy ___21___ everything, srting them int bags. Mst bks, marked with ntes, seemed ready fr the recycling bin (桶) — a cmmn ___22___ fr the used nes.
As I picked up a heavy literature bk, a nte ___23___ frm it. “This idea changed my thinking. May it change yurs.” It struck me that these weren’t just my bks but ___24___ frm my past self and I was ___25___ highlights f a significant jurney. The thught f thrwing them away seemed ___26___. Sme rural schls with ___27___ shelves crssed my mind. Then I selected the bks by their ___28___ and psted them nline, believing gd bks can make a difference. “Free t thse wh need them,” I wrte. “Pay the knwledge frward.”
The replies were given ___29___. A teacher frm a small twn needed the literature bks. A student ____30____ the math guides. I mailed the bks at my wn cst. Each ____31____ was a small and silent ceremny.
The last bk, a wrn petry cllectin, fund its way t a senir high student. Seeing my rm empty, I felt a sense f ____32____, with all bks ____33____ their new wners. I came t cllege t gain knwledge fr myself, and I left with a new ____34____ — Bks find their real value nt in being kept, but in being ____35____ n.
21. A. packingB. mvingC. pressingD. pushing
22. A. stepB. startC. endD. resurce
23. A. fellB. flewC. hidD. swung
24. A. warningsB. secretsC. messagesD. tasks
25. A. fcusing nB. taking dwnC. catching up withD. letting g f
26. A. traditinalB. naturalC. simpleD. wrng
27. A. shakyB. emptyC. ldD. usual
28. A. ppularityB. subjectC. valueD. authr
29. A. currentlyB. warmlyC. quietlyD. finally
30. A. dnatedB. requestedC. fllwedD. reviewed
31. A. cnnectinB. exchangeC. chiceD. apprach
32. A. satisfactinB. dutyC. safetyD. lneliness
33. A. challengingB. servingC. tyingD. leaving
34. A. stageB. signC. sightD. view
35. A. putB. actedC. passedD. taken
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A quiet mrning in Chazhu was gently awakened by the smell f gngfu tea. It carried frm a classrm at Chengnan Middle Schl, ____36____ had been changed int a tea space. Here, YeHanzhng, an inheritr (传承者) f Chazhu gngfu tea, was guiding students, teachers and parents step by step thrugh the art f making and tasting tea. With each mvement f the teapt, he shared nt nly the skills, ____37____ the values and the wrldview fund in a cup f tea.
He intrduced the students ____38____ a simplified system based n the traditin’s 21 classic mvements. ____39____ (cver) preparatin, brewing (冲泡) and sharing, the lessn ffered a ____40____ (practice) way withut lsing the spirit f gngfu tea. In Ye’s telling, gngfu tea is a quiet philsphy f life. Prper preparatin teaches patience; seizing the right mment determines success; attentin t details ____41____ (shape) quality. When the students later served tea t their teachers and parents, it became a quiet way ____42____ (shw) respect and thanks.
Rted ____43____ (deep) in daily life rather than frmal ceremnies, Chazhu gngfu tea has always belnged t rdinary peple. In 2022, it ____44____ (add) t UNESCO’s list f the wrld’s intangible cultural heritage. Tday, this traditin is entering classrms and reaching ____45____ yung, carrying with it bth a tea practice and a peaceful, respectful way f living t a wider wrld.
第三节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面句子和短文，从方框所给选项中分别选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：每个选项只能使用一次，每部分方框中有2个多余选项。
A
阅读下面句子，从方框所给选项中分别选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：每个选项只能使用一次，每部分方框中有2个多余选项。
46. It’s lucky that all the bks yu have asked fr are ________ at the schl library。
47. A significant pay gap cntinues t ________ between men and wmen in many industries。
48. As a dctr， she must regularly ________ her knwledge f medical research t keep up with the latest treatment methds and drug discveries。
49. Our team tried ur best t ________ a wnderful grup speech in the final shw, which impressed all the judges deeply。
50. Just ________ fr a mment; the teacher hasn’t finished explaining the rules and we need t listen carefully first。
B
阅读下面短文，从方框所给选项中分别选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。注意：每个选项只能使用一次，每部分方框中有2个多余选项。
Last weekend, ur class jined a frest prtectin prject. We set ut t ___51___ sme trees by their unique leaves. When we fund smene shaking branches fr exercise, we gathered curage t ___52___ him by explaining the trees’ value. T further ur wrk, a classmate suggested that we ___53___ t ur schl putting up signs t remind peple, which later drew public attentin. This ___54___ is valuable t us students. It prves that every small act cunts in prtecting nature, and what begins as a simple task can be turned int a ___55___ experience.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（满分15分）
56. 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 David向你询问你校最受学生欢迎的体育运动。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括：
（1）介绍运动；
（2）说明理由。
注意：
（1）写作词数应为80个左右；
（2）请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写一段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On March 12th, excitement filled the classrm. Martina, a Maltese (马耳他人) student wh had just begun learning Chinese the previus mnth, watched attentively as her teacher Ms.Wang intrduced tangyuan, a traditinal Chinese dessert.
Ms.Wang began with a stry f her grandmther making tangyuan fr the Lantern Festival. “Each rund tangyuan,” she said sftly, “carries wishes fr family reunin, much like the full mn.” Martina thught f her wn family — f her father ften being away fr wrk, and hw she wished he culd be at hme mre ften. After a mnth-lng trip, he was finally returning tnight.
“Eyes n me!” Ms.Wang called ut, as she mixed flur (面粉) and water. She shwed each step: shaping small balls, pressing tiny hles, adding fillings, and sealing (密封) them smthly. “We seal fillings as well as ur wishes inside,” she smiled.
Martina watched and planned her surprise. She fllwed what Ms.Wang taught, wrapping sweet fillings and her silent wishes inside. She culd already picture her father’s smile with the first taste.
注意：
（1）续写词数应为80个左右；
（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
With her tangyuan carefully packed, Martina hurried hme.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Space Clud Watch
What yu’ll d
◆Watch the sky at sunrise and sunset fr nctilucent cluds (夜光云) and sht them.
◆Uplad yur phts and bservatins t a website t cntribute t research n Earth’s middle atmsphere.
◆Take ntes when nctilucent cluds are absent, s yu can reprt that t!
Requirements
◆Time: 10-20 minutes
◆Equipment: Camera, smartphne r GPS receiver
◆Knwledge: N prir knwledge necessary
A. glbal B. exist C. hld yur hrses D. deliver E. available F. hld yur breath G. update
A. meaningful B. typical C. prevent D. identify E. balance F. recmmend G. adventure