英语Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage集体备课课件ppt

这是一份英语Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage集体备课课件ppt
Unit 1 Nature in the balanceGrammar and usage Warming upEllipsis 省略Ellipsis means leaving out(省去) words of a sentence when the meaning can still be understood. Ellipsis is used when you do not want to repeat the words and phrases that are obvious. What is ellipsis?Step 2 Introduction to ellipsisWhy do people leave them out?• No smoking.• No Parking.• No photos. • No fishing.Elliptical sentencesFind the words that can be left out. • I have done more than what is required.• You open the window and the door for me, please. • —Will you go to the cinema with me? —Well, I’d like to go with you. • I know you can do better than I can do.• You shouldn’t come to this party unless you were invited.• The man whom I saw is called David. Task 1 Write down the words that have been left out in the conversation on page 6 Part A.P61. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).2. You can watch it online if you want to ( ).3. I felt worried when ( ) watching the documentary.4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others ( ) a change of lifestyle.5. ( ) Got any ideas?6. ( ) Sounds great!I waswatch itcall forHave youIt/Thatrepeatinginformal(不定式)conjunction 连词YES or NO questions非正式的1. No, I didn’t (watch the documentary about environmental protection on TV yesterday).2. You can watch it online if you want to (watch it).3. I felt worried when (I was) watching the documentary.In short responsesIn infinitivesAfter some conjunctions like if, when and while How can we use Ellipsis?4. Some call for the application of modern technology, and others (call for) a change of lifestyle.5. (Have you) Got any ideas?6. (It/That) Sounds great!In clauses with the same pattern and the same verbAt the beginning of a sentence in informal speechAt the beginning of a sentence in informal speechP981.简单句中的省略simple5. 不定式中的省略infinitive4. 介词的省略preposition2. 并列句中的省略compound3. 复合句中的省略complex省略ellipsisStep 3 Rules for application 省略主语(That/It) Sounds like a great idea!省略表语— Are you hungry? — No, I am not (hungry).同时省略几个成分Why (do you) not say hello to him?— Did you finish the homework? — No, I didn't (finish the homework).1.简单句中的省略A. 省略主谓或主谓一部分B. 省略动宾2.并列句中的省略compound sentence3.复合句中的省略宾语从句的省略(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。There is no reason to suppose (that) she’s lying.I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.I know (that) he will always be there and that we will support each other.(2)when, where, how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。I know (that) a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city)．complex sentence3.复合句中的省略状语从句的省略(2) 在when, while, if, as if, though, although, as, until, once, whether, unless, whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be或从句的主语为it时，则从句中主语和be动词常被省略。I felt worried when I am watching the documentary.If it is impossible, I will help you with your work.Will you be free this Sunday? If it is so, let’s go camping.d) I hugged Becki tightly, as if I were to squeeze her breath out. e.g. 我紧紧地抱住Becki,好像要把她的呼吸挤出去般。(2020•1月浙江卷语法填空) The first is declining birth rates, which means old generations are large 60 (compare) to younger generations, 省略在考试中的使用(when old generations are) compared to younger generationscompared1. Although _______(do) his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks2. The concert was a great success than ________(expect).3. He stood up as if ________(say) something.4. He mouth was moving as if ________(say) something.5. When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.doingto sayexpectedsaying3.复合句中的省略状语从句的省略（3）在than, as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They don’t use more water than (is) necessary/needed.Luckily, we have completed the project as (is) expected.expectedimaginedplanned/scheduledarranged... ...as/than3.复合句中的省略定语从句的省略(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略(但whom, which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。The exact year (which/that) Cindy spent together in China was 2018.I like the book about which we talked .(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。The way (that/in which) he speaks to us is really annoying.找出下面句子的省略部分。Some time after 10,000 BC, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in, through agriculture. (2020浙江)直击高考that /which解析：“they lived in”是之前名词the world 的定语从句，先行词在从句中作宾语，故关系代词可被省略。^省略在考试中的使用定从中的省略The book that is written by J.K. Rowling is one of my favorites. The dog barked loudly at the man who was running on the street.My old car, which breaks down every other week，won’t last much longer.Do you know the professor who will be invited to our school next week?He will be the toughest guy whom you must deal with.This is exactly the time when we should do it.Hilary Clinton, who is beautiful and intelligent, is a popular First Lady.1. You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to.2. I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to.3. They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to.4. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.5. ---I thought he was a policeman. ---He used to be.Can you understand the following sentences?3. 不定式的省略1. You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to.2. I would do it for you, but I don’t know how to.3. They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to.4. He didn’t come, but he ought to have.5. ---I thought he was a policeman. ---He used to be.Can you understand the following sentences?Rule1: 省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。不定式的省略(1) We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. → She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(2) My mom always makes me do something I dislike.→ I am always made to do something I dislike.Active sentencePassive sentenceRule2: 某些使役动词，如make, let, have等和感官动词，如see, watch, notice, observe, hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。3. 不定式的省略---被动语态中to的还原(1) He likes to swim more than (to) skate.(2) He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.这两句中，两对不定式之间是甚么关系呢？并列还是对比？并列对比Rule3: 并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。(1) All he could do was nothing but (to) wait and see.(2) You can do nothing but (to) study all day long.(3) I have no other choice but to wait.(4) What I want to do is (to) take two days off.山重水复疑无路，make后面不加to春色满园关不住，前面有do后没toRule4:1. 介词but, except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to;2. 用is连接，不定式做表语时前面主语有do的某种形式时，后面表语to do的to省略；(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.(2)表示时间的介词at, on和in在next/last, this/that, these/those, yesterday, tomorrow, one, any, every/each, some等词之前时，一般省略。We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.(On) the next morning, the young man went back to the company. 4. 介词的省略使用so, not等时的省略在英语中，可以用so, not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Can you finish your work today?—I think so.—I don’t think so. / I think not.注意：hope, guess, be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not ... so的形式。—The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?—I guess not. / I don’t guess so.其他省略形式Many westerners who come to China cook much less ________ in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (2018浙江, 语法填空) China’s approach to protecting its environment while ________ (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. (2018全国II, 语法填空) “Well, I don’t know you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before _______ (ask) which room the new parents were in. (2018全国III, 完形填空)When _____________ (combine) with berries or slices of other fruits, frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. (2018全国II, 阅读理解B)Freddy was an average student, ________ not an average person. (2017全国II, 完形填空)The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when _______ (tap) early, are employed ever after in life and work. (2019全国I, 阅读理解D)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am _______ my dogs,” says Ehlers. (2019全国II, 完形填空)One group was asked to seek out an interaction with its waiter; the other, ____________ (speak) only when necessary. (2018全国II, 阅读理解D)thanfeedingaskingcombinedbuttappedtoto speakStep 4 Practice B1: Find the mistakes and rewrite the sentences using ellipsis.1. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like.We cannot leave out to in infinitives when using ellipsis. I cannot watch the documentary this weekend, though I would like to (watch it).2. Cows live on land, and fish the water.Different prepositions are used and they can’t be left out. Cows live on land, and fish (live) in the water.3. The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than was 50 years ago.When using ellipsis in clauses with the same pattern, the subject and the verb should be left out altogether.The Amazon rainforest is smaller now than (it was) 50 years ago.4. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t do.When using ellipsis in compound sentences, the part behind the auxiliary verb should be left out altogether. He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection, but he didn’t (do that).5. When taking photos of wildlife, every effort should be made to ensure that we keep away from the animals.When using ellipsis in adverbial clauses (状从), we need to make sure that the subject of the main clause is the same as the subject of the subordinate clause (从句).When (we are) taking photos of wildlife, we should make every effort to ensure that we keep away from the animals.B2: Jack is sharing with his classmates his experience of taking part in a forest clean-up activity. Use ellipsis where necessary. Put brackets around the word(s) that can be left out.Group work