高考英语二轮-选词填空（专项训练）（上海专用）（教师版）

这是一份高考英语二轮-选词填空（专项训练）（上海专用）（教师版），共38页。
TOC \ "1-2" \h \u \l "_Tc17943" 01 课标达标练（词汇填空节选）
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 根据构词法知识判断词义（派生/转化/合成/缀合）
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 根据句子成分分析法判断词性（名词/动词/形容词/副词/非谓语）
\l "_Tc20184" 02 核心突破练
选词填空（语篇练）
\l "_Tc5699" 03 真题溯源练
\l "_Tc2717" 考向01 根据构词法知识判断词义
01【来源】2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Pwer f Opprtunity Csts
While shpping fr my first stere (立体声音响), I spent an hur debating between a $1,000 Pineer and a $700 Sny. Perhaps fearing that my 1 wuld cst him a sale, the salesman said, “Well, think f it this way — wuld yu rather have the Pineer, r the Sny and $300 wrth f CDs?” The Sny — and it wasn’t even clse. Twenty new CDs were t great a(n) 2 fr the slightly mre attractive Pineer. Althugh I knew the price difference, I hadn’t thught f it in terms f what else the mney culd buy until the salesman framed it that way.
If ne assumes, as an ecnmics textbk might, that cnsumers rutinely calculate pprtunity csts, this stry is 3 . All decisins invlve pprtunity csts, but hw cnsumers 4 them has received little attentin frm decisin therists and even less frm marketers. Prmtinal messages ften highlight prduct advantages r price differences, but spelling ut what thse differences mean in 5 terms may be mre persuasive. A $300 difference can seem significant r nt, depending n what else it culd be spent n.
Generally, firms selling cheaper prducts shuld highlight the pprtunity csts f trading up, while thse selling 6 prducts may want t avid the tpic. But the idea must be used carefully. The same 7 that leads smene t chse silver ver gld culd als lead them t chse brnze (铜) ver silver.
It’s als imprtant that the lst pprtunities are framed arund things buyers actually 8 . One campaign nce framed the cst f a large gvernment prgram in terms f snack cakes per persn per day — a(n) cmparisn s 9 that it weakened the argument. On the ther hand, a De Beers ad cleverly shwed a pair f diamnd earrings with the line “Red the kitchen next year,” suggesting that buying the earrings wuld nly mean putting ff hme renvatins (装修) fr a little while. In reality, the earrings might cst as much as the entire kitchen red, but the framing made the 10 seem reasnable.
【答案】
1．D 2．J 3．I 4．A 5．G 6．C 7．E 8．K 9．F 10．H
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过购物案例揭示“机会成本”对消费决策的影响，指出营销中通过对比实际替代选项而非抽象价差能更有效说服消费者，同时强调策略需针对目标受众灵活调整。
1．考查名词。句意：销售员可能担心我的犹豫不决会导致他失去这笔交易，便说：“不如这样想——你是想要先锋音响，还是索尼音响外加价值300美元的CD？”空处作主语，被my修饰，结合上文“I spent an hur debating between a $1,000 Pineer and a $700 Sny”可推知，D项indecisin“犹豫不决”符合题意，表示“我的犹豫不决会导致他失去这笔交易”。故选D。
2．考查名词。句意：二十张新CD对于稍微有吸引力的先锋音响来说是太大的牺牲了。空处作表语，空前有冠词，结合下文“in terms f what else the mney culd buy”可推知，J项sacrifice“牺牲”符合题意，表示“二十张新CD是太大的牺牲”。故选J。
3．考查形容词。句意：如果像经济学教科书假设的那样，消费者会常规性计算机会成本，这个故事就很有启发性。空处作表语，结合上文“I hadn’t thught f it in terms f what else the mney culd buy until the salesman framed it that way”可推知，I项revealing“有启迪作用的”符合题意，表示“这个故事就很有启发性”。故选I。
4．考查动词。句意：所有决策都涉及机会成本，但消费者如何考虑它们却很少被决策理论家研究，营销人员更鲜少关注。空处作从句的谓语，结合上文“cnsumers rutinely calculate pprtunity csts”可推知，A项cnsider“考虑”符合题意，表示“消费者如何考虑机会成本”。故选A。
5．考查形容词。句意：促销信息常强调产品优势或价差，但用实际的表述说明这些差异可能更有说服力。空处作修饰terms的定语，结合下文“depending n what else it culd be spent n”可推知，G项practical“实际的”符合题意，表示“用实际的表述说明这些差异”。故选G。
6．考查形容词。句意：通常，低价产品商家应强调“升级消费”的机会成本，而高端产品商家可能想回避这个话题。空处作修饰prducts的定语，结合上文“firms selling cheaper prducts”可推知，C项higher-end“高端的”符合题意，表示“高端产品商家”。故选C。
7．考查名词。句意：同样的逻辑可能让人选择银而非金，也可能转而选择铜而非银。空处作主语，被The same修饰，结合上文“But the idea must be used carefully.”可推知，E项lgic“逻辑”符合题意，表示“同样的逻辑”。故选E。
8．考查动词。句意：关键是要围绕消费者真正会重视的东西来表述“失去的机会”。空处作从句的谓语，结合上文叙述的作者因300美元的差价意味着二十张新CD而选择索尼音响，K项value“重视”符合题意，表示“消费者真正会重视的东西”。故选K。
9．考查形容词。句意：某次活动将政府大型项目的成本表述为人均每日零食开销——这种微小的对比反而削弱了论点。此处用s… that…引导结果状语从句，空处应用形容词或副词，结合“it weakened the argument”可推知，F项minr“微小的”符合题意，表示“这种微小的对比”。故选F。
10．考查名词。句意：实际上，耳环的价格可能相当于整个厨房的装修费用，但这种表述让购买看起来很合理。空处作宾语，空前有冠词the，结合上文“buying the earrings wuld nly mean putting ff hme renvatins (装修) fr a little while”可推知，H项purchase“购买”符合题意，表示“让购买看起来很合理”。故选H。
02【来源】2025届上海市晋元高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Big Tech Shuldn’t Rescue the Newspaper Industry
In the early 17th century, Lndn’s St Paul’s Cathedral was a hub fr news and gssip, where entrepreneurs sld handwritten “letters f news” t wealthy subscribers. Tday, a similar subscriptin mdel is 11 in the newspaper industry, marking the end f an era when newspapers relied n mass markets and advertising fr prfits. Fr decades, newspapers sld their cntent belw prductin csts t attract readers fr advertisers. The ld saying—“If yu’re nt paying, yu are the prduct”— 12 as much t newspapers as it des t mdern tech platfrms.
Hwever, the internet has 13 this business mdel. Over the past tw decades, newspaper ad revenues in America have drpped by 80%, and circulatin has halved. Digital advertising hasn’t made up fr these lsses, with giants like Ggle and Facebk 14 the market. In the UK, fr instance, Ggle cntrls ver 90% f search ad revenue, while Facebk 15 half f all display ad revenue.
Faced with these challenges, newspapers are turning t gvernments fr help, arguing that their 16 is vital fr demcracy. Recent effrts in cuntries like Australia and France aim t frce Ggle and Facebk t pay fr news cntent, while in the U.S., Cngress has cnsidered allwing newspapers t negtiate cllectively with tech platfrms.
Ggle and Facebk have 17 with financial supprt. Ggle prmised $1 billin ver three years t pay publishers fr selected cntent, and Facebk agreed t usage fees with sme publishers. Yet, these payments are minimal cmpared t the earnings f tech giants and hardly 18 the deeper ecnmic challenges f the newspaper industry.
The real issue isn’t tech giants expliting newspapers but newspapers lsing cntrl f cntent distributin. Unlike vide and music industries, newspapers have struggled t adapt. Nnetheless, sme have fund success thrugh subscriptins. The NewYrkTimes, fr example, nw basts ver 6.5 millin subscribers, shwing resilience thrugh digital 19 .
The future f 20 jurnalism shuld rest n sustainable business mdels, nt n gvernment funding r tech dnatins. Newspapers must innvate t create cntent readers value and are willing t pay fr — just as they did centuries ag.
【答案】
11．H 12．C 13．K 14．F 15．D 16．J 17．I 18．B 19．A 20．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文探讨了科技巨头不应拯救报业的观点。作者指出，互联网颠覆了传统报业依赖广告的商业模式，导致其收入锐减。尽管报业向政府求助，科技巨头也提供了部分资金支持，但这并未解决报业深层的经济问题。文章强调，报业的未来应依靠可持续的商业模式（如订阅制）和创新，而非政府资助或科技公司的施舍，部分报纸（如《纽约时报》）已通过数字化适应取得成功。
11．考查动词。句意：如今，类似的订阅模式正在报业重新兴起，标志着报业依赖大众市场和广告盈利的时代结束。根据句意“重新兴起”可知，此处为动词reemerge，结合“Tday”可知，此处表示现阶段正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，已有be动词is，空处需填现在分词reemerging。故选H。
12．考查动词。句意：那句老话——“如果你不付费，你就是产品”——对报纸的适用程度不亚于现代科技平台。根据句意“应用”可知，此处为动词apply，陈述过去的事实，使用一般过去时。故选C。
13．考查动词。句意：然而，互联网已彻底改变了这种商业模式。根据句意“改变”可知，此处为动词transfrm，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，已有助动词has，空处需填过去分词transfrmed。故选K。
14．考查动词。句意：数字广告未能弥补这些损失，谷歌和Facebk等巨头主导着市场。根据句意“主导”可知，此处为动词dminant，“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，giants 和dminant为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词dminating。故选F。
15．考查动词。句意：例如，在英国，谷歌控制着90%以上的搜索广告收入，而Facebk声称占据一半的展示广告收入。根据句意“声称”可知，此处为动词claim，结合上文“cntrls”可知，此处用一般现在时，主语为“Facebk”，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选D。
16．考查名词。句意：面对这些挑战，报业转向政府寻求帮助，认为它们的生存对民主至关重要。根据句意“生存”可知，此处为名词survival，作主语，为不可数名词。故选J。
17．考查动词。句意：谷歌和脸书已经以财政支持作为回应。根据句意“回应”可知，此处为动词respnd，结合have可知，空处需填过去分词respnded，构成现在完成时。故选I。
18．考查动词。句意：然而，与科技巨头的收入相比，这些支付微不足道，几乎无法解决报业更深层次的经济挑战。根据句意“解决”可知，此处为动词address，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为these payments，谓语动词用原形。故选B。
19．考查名词。句意：例如，《纽约时报》目前拥有超过650万订阅者，通过数字适应展现出了韧性。根据句意“适应”可知，此处为名词adaptatin，作宾语。故选A。
20．考查名词。句意：公共利益新闻业的未来应建立在可持续的商业模式之上，而非政府资助或科技公司的捐赠。根据句意“公共利益”可知，此处为名词public-interest，作定语。故选G。
03【来源】2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Ask the right way
With the intrductin f accessible new AI systems like ChatGPT, travel will never be the same. AI has simplified planning and made it easier t discver new experience. Instead f a march thrugh 21 research, users get similar results with a quick cnversatin with AI.
AI is great fr sme travel 22 , like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages, but there are tricks t use it well, especially when it cmes t traveling.
Here’s hw t best use AI fr travel.
Once yu have chsen yur destinatins, 23 yur search. AI is skilled at respnding t specific interests, whether yu’re lking fr the best restaurant in an area r designing a five-day travel plan f ff-the-beaten-path museums.
AI is als useful in finding respnses t prmpts (提示) like “less crwded” r “underrated.” It is because unlike platfrms such as TripAdvisr, the system 24 knwledge frm all crners f the web, interprets results t fit yur inquires best and then delivers the infrmatin in a cnversatinal way. T 25 a gd prmpt, it’s crucial t ask questins in yur native language. AI mdels can speak and understand many languages, and yur grammar matters. The mre precise yur punctuatin (标点) , spelling, and grammar, the mre 26 AI will be able t understand yu.
Finally, always 27 AI’s answers against ther surces as crss-referencing its suggestins with trusted platfrms adds an extra layer f cnfidence t yur planning.
By mastering these 28 yu can tap int this pwerful generative engine t ensure a safer, better-infrmed and mre satisfying travel experience.
Every day, AI is rapidly evlving as mre start-ups and cmpanies figure ut the best ways t 29 its ptential t deliver infrmatin using natural language. As the system 30 gets mre access t the web, learns what users want, and becmes mre “intelligent, ” it will cntinue t shift travel in unexpected and grundbreaking ways.
The future f travel is here.
【答案】
21．E 22．D 23．F 24．G 25．B 26．A 27．C 28．J 29．K 30．H
【导语】这是一篇说明文。随着像ChatGPT这样易于使用的新人工智能系统的引入，旅行规划方式将发生改变，人工智能简化了规划过程，并提供了使用人工智能辅助旅行的相关技巧，从而确保旅行体验更加安全、信息更丰富且更令人满意。
21．考查形容词。句意：用户不再需要进行艰苦的研究，只需与人工智能进行一次快速对话，就能得到类似的结果。空格处为定语修饰后面名词research，根据下文“users get similar results with a quick cnversatin with AI.”可知，labrius“艰苦的；费力的”为形容词，符合句意。故选E项。
22．考查名词。句意：人工智能在一些旅行功能方面非常出色，比如产生想法、突出小型企业以及翻译语言，但要想用好它有一些技巧，尤其是在旅行方面。空格处为介词fr的宾语，前面有sme修饰，根据“like generating ideas, highlighting small businesses, and translating languages”可知，functins“功能”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选D项。
23．考查动词。句意：一旦你选定了目的地，就缩小你的搜索范围。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，根据“Once yu have chsen yur destinatins”可知，narrw“缩小”为动词，符合句意。故选F项。
24．考查动词。句意：这是因为与TripAdvisr等平台不同，该系统从网络的各个角落汇集知识，解释结果以最适合你的查询，然后以对话的方式提供信息。空格处为谓语动词，根据“frm all crners f the web”可知，pls“汇集”为动词，符合句意。为一般现在时。故选G项。
25．考查动词。句意：要打造一个好的提示，用母语提问至关重要。空格处为不定式t d作目的状语，根据“a gd prmpt”可知，craft“打造”为动词，符合句意。故选B项。
26．考查副词。句意：你的标点、拼写和语法越精确，人工智能就越能准确地理解你。空格处为副词修饰前面动词understand，根据“The mre precise”可知，accurately“准确地”为副词，符合句意。故选A项。
27．考查动词。句意：最后，总是复核人工智能对其他来源的回答，将其建议与可信平台进行交叉引用，为您的规划增添了额外的信心。空格处为祈使句的谓语动词，duble-check“复核”为动词，符合句意。故选C项。
28．考查名词。句意：通过掌握这些技巧，你可以利用这个强大的生成引擎，确保更安全、更知情、更令人满意的旅行体验。空格处为动词mastering的宾语，前面有these修饰，根据下文“better-infrmed and mre satisfying travel experience.”可知，tips“技巧”为可数名词复数，符合句意。故选J项。
29．考查动词。句意：每天，随着越来越多的初创企业和公司找到利用自然语言释放其潜力的最佳方式，人工智能正在迅速发展。空格处为不定式t d作后置定语修饰前面名词ways，根据下文“its ptential t deliver infrmatin using natural language”可知，“unlck“释放”为动词，符合句意。故选K项。
30．考查副词。句意：随着该系统逐渐获得更多访问网络的机会，了解用户想要什么，并变得更加“智能”，它将继续以意想不到和开创性的方式改变旅行。空格处为副词修饰后面动词gets，根据“gets mre access t the web”可知，prgressively“逐渐地”为副词，符合句意。故选H项。
\l "_Tc22251" 考向02 根据句子成分分析法判断词性
01【来源】上海市闵行第三中学2024-2025学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题
Directins: Cmplete the passage r sentences by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Hw t Make Yur Reslutin Stick
Yu knw the ld gal-setting prverb: Dn’t bite ff mre than yu can 1 (especially if yur gal is t lse weight). But if that were all it tk, yu’d have nailed last year’s plan — and the year befre last’s. New research is refining the art f gal-setting, ffering sme fresher, less bvius insight t make 2019 the year yu finally d it.
·Start nw
The turn f anther year 2 us int seeing the big picture, ur slates wiped clean. Take advantage f it. Peple 3 themselves t their gals mre fiercely after a majr benchmark like New Year’s Day. Missed the 1st? Wait fr a Mnday. It’s the mst ppular day f the week fr starting diets and stpping smking, studies shw.
·Make a plan
Hw’s this fr a terrible irny: the mre yu want yur gal, the less yu’re likely t plan fr it, accrding t a(n) 4 paper in the jurnal Behaviral Science and Plicy. That’s because we tend t think gd intentins are enugh, but an actual plan prevents prcrastinatin (拖延). Peple with plans stick t their gals way mre ften than thse wh wing it.
·But dn’t have a backup plan
Backup plans backfire by zapping (打击) yur desire t chase yur main gal. In a series f new studies, peple wh were tld t think up a Plan B were less likely t attain their main 5 .Researchers suspect that having backup gals may make failure feel smehw mre 6 .
·Raise the stakes
In a 2008 study, the mst effective weight-lss plan was ne in which peple had t frk ver cash if they didn’t meet their gal. After 16 weeks, thse with financial incentives lst 6KG mre than thse wh just weighed in. Try it at stickK.cm, a site designed by behaviral ecnmists wh will gladly dnate yur cash t a(n) 7 f yur chice if yu fail.
·Chp it up
Yu knw hw gd it feels t tick ff an item frm yur t-d list. Put that t wrk by hacking a(n) 8 gal (reading 24 bks a year, fr example) int parts (tw per mnth). It’s mre gratifying than wrking away at ne big gal, says Gerge Wu, prfessr at the University f Chicag’s Bth Schl f Business.
·Cnserve yur willpwer
Think f willpwer as yur greatest natural resurce, but knw that it’s als a finite ne, sme experts say. Every time yu 9 yur willpwer fr ne task — saying n t a glass f wine, passing up the free ckies at wrk — yu have less t resist ther temptatins. Since willpwer is the secret 10 t meeting yur gals, use it widely.
【答案】
1．J 2．I 3．F 4．B 5．H 6．D 7．C 8．K 9．E 10．G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何坚持决心提出了一些建议。
1．考查动词。句意：你知道那句设定目标的谚语：不要贪多嚼不烂（尤其是如果你的目标是减肥的话）。根据“Dn’t bite ff mre than yu can”以及句意“嚼”可知应填动词chew，且can后跟动词原形。故选J。
2．考查动词。句意：又一年的到来让我们看到了更大的图景，我们的记忆被抹去了。根据“us int seeing the big picture, ur slates wiped clean”以及句意可知应填动词trick，作谓语，且陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The turn f anther year，谓语用三单形式。故选I。
3．考查动词。句意：在元旦这样的重要日子过后，人们会更加坚定地致力于自己的目标。根据“themselves t their gals mre fiercely”以及句意“致力于”可知应填动词cmmit，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为Peple，谓语用原形。故选F。
4．考查形容词。句意：根据即将发表在《行为科学与政策》杂志上的一篇论文，这是一个多么可怕的讽刺：你越想实现你的目标，你就越不可能为它做计划。根据“paper in the jurnal Behaviral Science and Plicy”以及句意“即将发表的”可知应填形容词frthcming，修饰名词paper。故选B。
5．考查名词。句意：在一系列新的研究中，被告知要想一个B计划的人不太可能实现他们的主要目标。根据“peple wh were tld t think up a Plan B were less likely t attain their main”以及句意“目标”可知应填名词bjective，作宾语。故选H。
6．考查形容词。句意：研究人员怀疑，有备用目标可能会让失败在某种程度上更容易被接受。根据“having backup gals may make failure feel smehw mre”以及句意“可接受的”可知应填形容词acceptable，作表语。故选D。
7．考查名词。句意：试试stickK.cm吧，这是一个由行为经济学家设计的网站，如果你失败了，他们会很乐意把你的钱捐给你选择的接收者。根据“gladly dnate yur cash t”以及句意“接收者”可知应填名词recipient，作宾语。故选C。
8．考查形容词。句意：将一个巨大的目标（比如一年读24本书）分成几个部分（每月两本）来实现。根据“(reading 24 bks a year, fr example) int parts (tw per mnth)”以及句意“巨大的”可知应填形容词massive，修饰名词gal。故选K。
9．考查动词。句意：每当你把意志力投入到一项任务上——拒绝一杯酒，拒绝工作时的免费饼干——你就会更少地抵制其他诱惑。根据“yur willpwer fr ne task”以及句意“投入”可知应填动词engage，作谓语，根据后文yu have可知为一般现在时，主语为yu，谓语用原形。故选E。
10．考查名词。句意：既然意志力是实现目标的秘密要素，那就广泛运用它吧。根据“Since willpwer is the secret”以及句意“要素”可知应填名词ingredient，作表语。故选G。
02【来源】2025届上海市上海市静安区上海市风华中学高三下学期模拟预测英语试题
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Why Insects Are Attracted t Light at Night
The first humans gathered arund campfires likely bserved a cnfusing phenmenn that cntinues t puzzle peple tday: insects circling artificial light surces, ften with fatal cnsequences. A recent study published in Nature Cmmunicatins prpses a slutin t this age-ld 11 . The research suggests that artificial light cnfuses insects’ ability t 12 themselves t the hrizn, disrupting their sense f up and dwn and causing them t fly in circles.
Varius hyptheses have been prpsed ver the years t explain why insects are attracted t artificial light after dark. Sme suggested they were fllwing a(n) 13 t fly twards the brightest spt, while thers believed they sught warmth r were blinded by the glare (刺眼的光). The prevalent thery was that insects cnfused artificial lights with celestial bdies (天体) they use fr 14 . Hwever, the new findings 15 this ntin.
The researchers cnducted experiments using high-speed infrared cameras t track insects’ flight behavir in cntrlled envirnments. They als 16 int the Csta Rican jungle t bserve insects in the wild. The results revealed that insects were nt drawn straight t the light but 17 it, attempting t psitin their backs tward it --- a behavir knwn as a “drsal light respnse.” This respnse, crucial fr maintaining a cnsistent flight path aligned t the hrizn (与地平线对齐的), is disrupted by artificial light, causing erratic flight patterns.
The study shwed that insects flew 18 in diffuse (四散的) light frm verhead, emphasizing that the issue is an rientatin prblem rather than a simple attractin t light. Sme exceptins were nted, such as leander hawk mths and Drsphila fruit flies, which behaved 19 in the presence f light. Future research aims t explre these exceptins and intensively study the universality f this flight respnse amng insect species.
The findings shed light n a phenmenn bserved by humans fr millennia, prviding a satisfying and simpler explanatin than previus cmplex theries. The study highlights the negative impact f artificial light n ncturnal insect species, emphasizing that in their 370 millin years f 20 , it’s nly in the last 150 years that things haven’t gne well fr them.
【答案】
11．F 12．I 13．E 14．G 15．A 16．K 17．B 18．H 19．C 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究指出，人造光干扰了昆虫利用地平线定位的能力，导致其飞行轨迹混乱，同时推翻了此前的部分假说，并揭示了人造光对夜间昆虫生存的负面影响。
11．考查名词。句意：《自然・通讯》最近发表的一项研究提出了这个古老谜题的解决方案。设空处作介词 t 的宾语，需填名词作宾语。根据前文“bserved a cnfusing phenmenn” 可知，此处指 mystery“谜题”，故填F。
12．考查动词不定式。句意：研究表明，人造光会混淆昆虫确定自身相对于地平线方位的能力，扰乱了它们的上下感觉，导致它们绕圈飞行。“ability t d sth.”结构中需填动词原形，“根据“artificial light cnfuses insects”可知，此处指rient“确定方位”，故填I。
13．考查名词。句意：有人认为它们是遵循飞向最亮处的本能，而另一些人则认为它们是为了取暖，或者是被强光弄瞎了眼睛。设空处作 fllw 的宾语，需填名词。根据“fly twards the brightest spt,”可组织，此处指instinct“本能”故填 E。
14．考查名词。句意：主流理论认为昆虫将人造光与它们用于导航的天体混淆。介词 fr 后需填名词，根据“with celestial bdies (天体)”可知，此处指navigatin“导航”。故填 G。
15．考查动词。句意：然而，新发现挑战了这一观点。设空处作谓语，需填动词。根据转折词 “Hwever”及新研究结果，此处指 challenge“质疑 / 挑战”，故填 A。
16．考查动词。句意：他们还冒险进入哥斯达黎加丛林观察野生昆虫。设空处作谓语，需填动词。陈述过去的动作，用一般过去时。根据“bserve insects in the wild.”可知，此处指venture int “冒险进入”，故填 K。
17．考查动词。句意：结果显示，昆虫并非直接飞向光源，而是环绕光源飞行，试图将背部朝向光线，这种行为被称为“背光反应”。“were nt drawn”并列作谓语，需填过去式动词。根据首段“circling artificial light” 可知，此处指此处指 circled“环绕”，故填 B。
18．考查副词。句意：研究表明，昆虫在头顶散射光下正常飞行，强调这个问题是一个方向问题，而不是简单的对光的吸引。设空处修饰动词“flew”，需填副词。与后文 “人工光导致异常”对比，此处指nrmally“正常地”，故填 H。
19．考查副词。句意：我们注意到一些例外，比如夹竹桃飞蛾和果蝇，它们在光线下的表现不同。设空处修饰动词 “behaved”，需填副词。根据 “exceptins” 可知，这些昆虫反应与其他物种不同，differently“不同地”。故填 C。
20．考查名词。句意：这项研究强调了人造光对夜行昆虫物种的负面影响，强调在它们3.7亿年的存在中，只有在过去的150年里，它们的情况才不太好。介词“f” 后需填名词作宾语，“existence”（存在）与 “3.7 亿年” 搭配，指昆虫的生存史，故填D。

Passage 1
【2025届上海市嘉定区交大附中附属中学高三下学期5月高考模拟英语试题】
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Bne tls invented much earlier than previusly thught
The Stne Age was the riginal Industrial Revlutin, which began pssibly as early as 3 millin years ag. During the perid, ur human ancestrs and their clse cusins learned t 1 a wide range f tls frm rcks. But despite the era’s name, at least sme Stne Age tlmakers als made frequent use f bne. Hw early they did s and when the 2 became cmmn, has been unclear.
Nw, a cllectin f bne tls frm Tanzania’s Olduvai Grge suggests early humans 3 wrked n that art by 1.5 millin years ag, fashining heavy cutting tls frm bnes f hipps, elephants, and ther large animals. The finding may 4 that these ancient craftsmen pssessed the capability t transfer technlgical innvatins frm ne material t anther.
“The mst exciting aspect is that these bne tls were prduced lng befre it was 5 thught,” says Lucinda Backwell, an archaelgist (考古学家) nt invlved in the study.
Fr ancient tlmakers, bnes ffered an attractive raw material. They culd be 6 in places lacking rcks typically used fr tls. In additin, the leg bnes f large animals were well-shaped fr making cutting tls and far lighter than rcks f equal size.
Deciding when exactly bne tlmaking became cmmnplace has remained difficult. Unlike stnes, bnes ften 7 . It can be hard t distinguish 8 bny tls frm the brken fssils (化石) typically fund at archaelgical sites.
In 2015, a team frm the Olduvai Grge Archaelgy Prject, a site hsting a 2-millin-year recrd f fssils, uncvered an elephant leg bne with clear signs f having been shaped and sharpened by human hands. Eventually, the team recvered 27 bne tls, mstly frm giant animals such as elephants and hipps. Many were 9 as tls because tlmakers chipped ff small pieces t shape the edges. Researchers believe the bnes — alng with stne tls als fund arund — were used as heavy cutting tls t 10 meat and smash pen bnes.
“They were nt nly interested in animals just fr fdstuff,” de la Trre says. “They were interested in animals as raw material surces.”
【答案】
1．H 2．E 3．K 4．I 5．F 6．D 7．A 8．G 9．B 10．J
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现，坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就有系统地制作骨制工具，这比之前认为的时间更早。
1．考查动词。句意：在那个时期，我们人类祖先及其近亲学会了用石头雕刻各种各样的工具。根据后文“a wide range f tls frm rcks”这一语境，可知此处描述的是利用石头来制造工具的方式，“雕刻”是合理的动作，动词sculpt意为“雕刻”，符合用石头制作工具的情境。故选H。
2．考查名词。句意：他们从多早开始这样做以及这种做法何时变得普遍，一直不清楚。前文讲述了人类制作骨制工具这一行为，这里需要一个词来概括这种行为，名词practice有“做法，实践”的意思，正好能指代制作骨制工具这一行为，作主语。故选E。
3．考查副词。句意：现在，来自坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的一批骨制工具表明，早在150万年前早期人类就系统地从事这项技艺。根据后文“fashining heavy cutting tls frm bnes f hipps, elephants, and ther large animals”可知早期人类是有一定方式、有条理地用大型动物骨头制作工具，副词systematically意为“系统地”，体现了制作过程并非随意而为，作状语修饰动词短语wrked n。故选K。
4．考查动词。句意：这一发现可能表明这些古代工匠有能力将技术创新从一种材料转移到另一种材料。后文“that these ancient craftsmen pssessed the capability t transfer technlgical innvatins frm ne material t anther”是对发现内容的一种解读，这里需要一个表示“传达、表明”意思的词，动词signal意为“表明，发出信号”，符合发现与解读之间的逻辑关系。故选I。
5．考查副词。句意：“最令人兴奋的方面是，这些骨制工具的制作时间比之前认为的要早得多，”未参与这项研究的考古学家露辛达·巴克韦尔说。结合前文提到骨制工具制作时间早这一关键信息，可知这里是说比“之前”所认知的时间还要早，副词previusly意为“以前，先前”，作状语修饰动词thught。故选F。
6．考查形容词。句意：在缺乏通常用于制作工具的岩石的地方，骨头可能很丰富。在“lacking rcks typically used fr tls”的情况下，骨头成为了可替代的原材料，意味着骨头在这些地方数量上是“丰富的”，形容词plentiful意为“丰富的，大量的”，作表语。故选D。
7．考查动词。句意：与石头不同，骨头经常会分解。根据“Unlike stnes”，石头相对稳定不易损坏，而骨头与之不同，容易“分解”，动词decmpse意为“分解，腐烂”，符合骨头和石头特性对比的语境。故选A。
8．考查形容词。句意：很难将原始的骨制工具与考古遗址中通常发现的破碎化石区分开来。因为骨头容易分解，所以在考古遗址中要从众多破碎化石里区分出“原始的”骨制工具是有难度的，形容词primitive意为“原始的”，符合从化石中辨别骨制工具的情境，作定语修饰名词短语bny tls。故选G。
9．考查形容词。句意：许多骨制工具被识别为工具，因为工具制造者会削去小块来塑造边缘。后文“because tlmakers chipped ff small pieces t shape the edges”说明这些骨头有被加工成工具的明显痕迹，所以能够被“识别”为工具，形容词identifiable意为“可识别的”，作表语。故选B。
10．考查动词。句意：研究人员认为，这些骨头——以及周围发现的石器——被用作重型切割工具来切片肉和砸开骨头。“meat”是动作的对象，结合前面提到的工具是切割工具，推测其用途是“切片”肉，动词slice意为“切片”。故选J。
Passage 2
【2025届上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学高三毕业考英语试题】
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
T Grandmther’s TikTk We G
Older influencers wh share laundry tips and ld family recipes are helping Gen Z get thrugh the hlidays.
Nthing abut Barbara Cstell’s favrite Christmas recipe is all that fancy. The vernight breakfast casserle (砂锅) she makes every year desn’t call fr much mre than eggs, milk, sausage, cheese, and bread thrwn int a baking dish. But in the years since Cstell first cked it, that 11 casserle has becme a mark f her grwing family’s Christmas celebratins.
Nw her eight grandchildren have cme t lve the dish—and s have many mre peple wh’ve never sat in Cstell’s kitchen. A vide f Cstell making the casserle was ne f the first she psted t her TikTk accunt in early 2020, after her daughter 12 her t jin the app. With her TikTk hmepage 13 her as “everyne’s grandmther”, Cstell guides her audience in the art f entertaining, as well as the less inviting wrk f keeping huse even when n ne else will see it. And judging by the cmments n her vides, she has cme t play an unintentinally big rle in sme f her fllwers’ lives.
TikTk is best knwn as the 14 dmain f Gen Z, but Cstell is part f a grup f “grandfluencers”. Thrugh 15 mst typically run by their children r grandchildren, these TikTkers are tapping int sme f the qualities that make grandmas s special. Sme accunts, such as Nana’s Kitchen and Grandma’s Garden, fcus primarily n shwcasing recipes, while thers share husehld tips and life advice.
Fr all f the familiar scial 16 f the influencer era, the grandfluencers are rare in their cultivatin f intergeneratinal relatinships: especially n TikTk, yung peple are mstly talking t ther yung peple. Cmmenting “mm” r “dad” n celebrities’ psts is part f Millennial and Gen-Z internet speak, but it 17 cnveys the feeling f a sincere familial tie. The viewer respnses n Grandma TikTk are different. Take Nana’s Kitchen, an accunt that primarily features clsely 18 shts f the 86-year-ld Iraqi Turkish wman’s hands as she prepares a meal. The cmments n Nana’s psts, such as this 19 t her “supprtive army f grandchildren learning hw t ck tgether,” are filled with smething that is 20 different frm the meme-speak (网络梗) that dminates many ther crners f the internet.
【答案】
11．F 12．G 13．E 14．A 15．C 16．I 17．B 18．J 19．K 20．D
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述TikTk 上的“祖母级网红”通过分享生活技巧等内容，在Z世代中建立代际联系，其评论充满真情，不同于网络梗。
11．考查形容词。 句意：但在 Cstell 第一次做这道菜后的这些年里，这道简单的砂锅菜已经成为她不断壮大的家庭圣诞庆祝活动的标志。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰casserle，根据前文“Nthing abut Barbara Cstell’s favrite Christmas recipe is all that fancy”可知，这道菜并不花哨，humble“简单的、谦逊的”，符合语境。故选F。
12．考查动词。 句意：2020年初，在女儿说服她加入TikTk后，Cstell发布了第一个制作砂锅菜的视频。此空应填动词过去式作谓语，persuaded，表“说服”，符合“女儿说服她使用该应用”的语境。故选G。
13．考查非谓语动词。句意：她的TikTk主页将她认定为“每个人的祖母”，Cstell向观众传授娱乐的艺术，以及即使没人会看到也需要做的不那么吸引人的家务。此空应填现在分词，构成“with + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，表主动关系identifying“识别、确认”，identify sb. as...，意为“认定某人为……”，强调通过特征或属性来界定身份，此处可理解为主页通过内容或简介对她的角色进行界定，符合“将她归为‘大家的祖母’这一形象”的语境。故选E。
14．考查形容词。 句意：TikTk以Z世代混乱的领地而闻名，但Cstell是“祖母级网红”群体的一员。此空应填形容词作定语，修饰dmain，chatic“混乱的”，符合TikTk在人们印象中充满活力但可能有些混乱的特点。故选A。
15．考查名词。 句意：通过通常由他们的孩子或孙子管理的账号，这些TikTk用户利用了让祖母们如此特别的一些特质。此空应填名词复数作介词后宾语，prfiles“账号简介、个人主页”，符合语境。故选C。
16．考查名词。 句意：尽管网红时代有所有熟悉的社交动态，但祖母级网红在培养代际关系方面很罕见。分析句子可知，此空应填名词复数作介词后宾语，dynamics“动态、相互作用”，scial dynamics指社交互动模式，符合语境。故选I。
17．考查副词。 句意：在名人的帖子下评论“妈妈”或“爸爸”是千禧一代和Z世代网络用语的一部分，但它很少传达出真诚的家庭纽带的感觉。此空应填副词作状语，rarely“很少”，与前文形成对比，说明这种评论缺乏真实亲情。故选B。
18．考查形容词。 句意：以“奶奶的厨房”为例，这个账号主要展示了这位86岁的伊拉克土耳其妇女准备饭菜时近距离的特写镜头。此空应填形容词作定语，crpped“裁剪的、特写的”，clsely crpped shts指近距离特写镜头，符合语境。故选J。
19．考查名词。 句意：在奶奶的帖子下，评论充满了对她“支持她的孙子们一起学习做饭的军队”的奉献，这与主导互联网许多其他角落的网络梗截然不同。分析句子可知，此空应填名词作介词后宾语，dedicatin“奉献、投入”，符合评论中体现的情感。故选K。
20．考查副词。 句意：在奶奶的帖子下，评论充满了对她“支持她的孙子们一起学习做饭的军队”的奉献，这与主导互联网许多其他角落的网络梗截然不同。此空应填副词作状语，decidedly“确实地、显然地”，强调这种评论与网络梗的明显不同。故选D。
Passage 3
【上海市七宝中学2024-2025学年高三下学期5月英语试卷】
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
They threw paint and fd n the glass exterir prtecting famus paintings. Activists said they were cnveying a pwerful message — art cannt exist n a(n) 21 planet.
When Gergia B．Smith recently walked int the Metrplitan Museum f Art n June 24, she felt nervus. The 34-year-ld wasn’t there t admire 18th-century paintings alngside New Yrk City’s summer turists; with red marker n her hands and black tape n her muth, she was there t vice her 22 cncerns.
Smith is part f a grwing climate activist mvement whse 23 center art and museums. Since at least May 2022, envirnmentalists with grups like Just Stp Oil and Extinctin Rebellin have been using cake, sup, paint, and glue t capture the attentin f museum visitrs. Each time, their message is simple: there is n art n a dead planet. But these climate activists say they have n interest in damaging art. Instead, they want t raise awareness abut the climate 24 and attract new members.
“The functin f art is fr peple t be able t understand the wrld that they live in and reflect n the human cnditin, but big art desn’t 25 that functin,” Mukhpadhyay said. “That’s the reasn fr us t be in museums: t tell peple that we are in the middle f a crisis, and it is the time nw fr yu t face that crisis.”
Climate change is als itself a(n) 26 t art: Leading cultural institutins, the Fundatin fr Advancement in Cnservatin and the Natinal Endwment fr the Humanities, 27 in a June reprt the need fr “immediate actin” t address climate change given hw it puts cultural heritage sites, art cllectins, and institutins at risk.
Museums, hwever, say these behavirs are attacks n 28 artwrks. One survey published in Nvember f last year suggested public supprt f climate prtests may drp after demnstratins such as pretending t spil art. A larger set f data suggest the art museum prtests might be a(n) 29 call t actin, thugh it’s t early t tell.
Dylan Bugden, an assistant prfessr f envirnmental scilgy at Washingtn State University, researches the way peple 30 scial mvements. “When we talk abut climate change activism and scial mvement strategy, what really matters is nt a ne-ff prtest event and catching peple’s attentin here and there,” Bugden said. “It’s building grassrts activism and rganizatins that can mbilize peple t vte, t prtest, t take actin. Building that kind f assciatin is what it will take t d smething abut climate change.”
【答案】
21．C 22．AB 23．BD 24．A 25．D 26．BC 27．ABC 28．B 29．CD 30．AD
【导语】这是一篇说明文。阐述了气候活动家的行为目的、气候变化对艺术的威胁、博物馆的看法以及相关社会研究。
21．考查形容词。句意：他们往保护著名画作的玻璃外层扔颜料和食物。活动人士表示，他们在传达一个强烈的信息 —— 艺术无法在一个被破坏的星球上存在。此处需形容词修饰“planet”，destryed“被破坏的”符合语境，说明星球的状态导致艺术难以存在，故选C。
22．考查形容词。句意：这位34岁的女士并非是为了与纽约市的夏季游客一起欣赏18世纪的画作而来；她手上涂着红色记号笔，嘴上缠着黑色胶带，来此是为了表达自己那些未曾被听到的忧虑。修饰名词cncerns，表示“未被听到的，未被注意的”，用形容词unheard，作定语。故选AB。
23．考查名词。句意：史密斯是日益壮大的气候保护运动的一员，该运动的抗议活动主要针对艺术和博物馆领域。作定语从句主语，根据后文“center art and museums”以及上文“with red marker n her hands and black tape n her muth, she was there t vice her _______ cncerns.”可知此处指“抗议活动”，用名词prtest，结合“part f a grwing climate activist mvement”可知，此处表复数含义，用复数prtests，故选BD。
24．考查名词。句意：相反，他们希望借此提高人们对气候危机的认识，并吸引新成员加入。作宾语，结合上文“there is n art n a dead planet”以及“these climate activists”可知，此处指“气候危机”，名词emergency“危机”与climate构成“气候危机”，符合文意，故选A。
25．考查动词。句意：“艺术的功能是让人们能够理解他们生活的世界并反思人类的生存状况，但大型艺术作品并没有履行这一功能，” 穆克霍帕德亚说。根据上文“The functin f art is fr peple t be able t understand the wrld that they live in and reflect n the human cnditin”以及“but”可知，大型艺术作品并没有履行让人们能够理解他们生活的世界并反思人类的生存状况这一功能，desn’t后跟动词原形，作谓语，fulfill“履行”为动词，符合句意。故填D。
26．考查名词。句意：气候变化本身也是对艺术的一种威胁。作表语，根据后文阐述气候变化使文化遗产地等面临风险，可知名词 threat“威胁”符合句意，故填BC。
27．考查动词。句意：领先的文化机构，保护促进基金会和国家人文基金会在6月份的一份报告中概述了鉴于气候变化使文化遗产地、艺术收藏和机构面临风险，需要“立即采取行动”应对气候变化。作谓语，由“in a June reprt”可知，陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时态，动词过去式utlined“概述”符合句意，与“reprt”搭配，符合在报告中阐述相关内容的语境，故填ABC。
28．考查形容词。句意：然而，博物馆表示这些行为是对无价艺术品的攻击。作定语，结合上文“They threw paint and fd n the glass exterir prtecting famus paintings.”可知，形容词priceless“无价的”修饰“artwrks”，体现博物馆对著名艺术品价值的认定，符合语境，故填B。
29．考查形容词。句意：不过，一组更大的数据表明，艺术博物馆的抗议活动可能是一种有效的行动呼吁，尽管现在下结论还为时过早。作定语，形容词effective“有效的”符合句意，修饰“call t actin”，说明从数据角度看这种抗议对呼吁行动可能产生的效果，故填CD。
30．考查动词。句意：华盛顿州立大学环境社会学助理教授迪伦・布格登研究人们如何解读社会运动。在定语从句中作谓语，动词interpret“解读”与“the way peple...”搭配，符合研究人们对社会运动理解方式的语境，故填AD。
Passage 4
【2025届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题 】
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Facing Uncertainty in the Future
The future is an unknwn that many f us fear. Thrughut childhd, many f us are inncent, 31 by the safety f hme. We are fed ideals and taught principles by caretakers — parents, teachers, adults wh shape ur early beliefs. Time passes until, withut warning, we’re eighteen and pushed int adulthd, expected t find ur way in a wrld we dn’t yet understand.
Higher educatin ften feels like the final 32 befre full adulthd — a strmy space f dubt. Questins arise: What path shuld I take? Will I find happiness? These uncertainties weigh heavily, leaving ne mentally exhausted and weakening cnfidence as the “real wrld” appraches. Yet, within this fear lies a hidden beauty: the realizatin that life isn’t as 33 as we’re taught. We assume that ur early chices 34 us in, and that taking a different rute nly results in failure. But the truth is, we hld mre pwer ver ur lives than we think. Still, many give up that pwer, sftening their ambitins t fit expectatins.
There’s much t say fr cnsistency, but standing 35 limits ptential fr grwth. Hlding tightly t a 36 rute risks wasting nt just days, but an entire lifetime that culd have been extrardinary. I knw this fear well. Raised t believe success meant perfect grades, a degree frm a tp university, and a high-paying jb, I never questined the path — until high schl, when dubts slwly entered my mind. What if I wanted smething else? The pressure 37 my wrld int a small, dark tunnel that I felt I had n chice but t fllw.
But security desn’t 38 happiness. By university, I felt trapped, cnvinced I’d failed fr nt meeting expectatins. Then, I tk a 39 : I switched my majr t East Asian Studies, a field 40 as impractical. Initially, the decisin seemed illgical, cntrary t everything I was taught t believe in. Yet, instead f regret, I fund relief. Fr the first time, I lved learning, freed frm pressures I put n myself. The “right” path isn’t the same fr everyne — it’s the ne that awakens passin, nt fear.
【答案】
31．J 32．B 33．H 34．E 35．K 36．G 37．F 38．C 39．D 40．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要探讨了人们对未来不确定性的恐惧，指出人生道路并非一成不变，应勇于突破常规，选择能唤醒热情的道路。
31．考查动词。句意：在整个童年时期，我们许多人都很天真，被家的安全所庇护。空格处需填入非谓语动词作状语，结合句意，此处表示“庇护”为shelter，与逻辑主语是we构成被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式sheltered，符合语境，体现童年时期在家的保护下的状态。故选J项。
32．考查名词。句意：高等教育通常感觉像是完全成年前的最后一道前沿——一个充满怀疑的动荡阶段。空格处需填入名词作宾语，结合句意，此处表示“前沿；边界”为名词frntier。故选B项。
33．考查形容词。句意：然而，在这种恐惧中隐藏着一种美：意识到生活并不像我们被教导的那样刻板。空格处需填入形容词作表语，结合句意，此处表示“刻板的；僵化的”为形容词rigid。故选H项。
34．考查动词。句意：我们以为早期的选择会把我们锁定其中，而走不同的路只会导致失败。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处意为“锁定”为动词lck，结合主句的谓语动词assume以及下文的谓语动词results可知，此处为一般现在时，主语为名词复数，所以谓语动词为动词原形。故选E项。
35．考查副词。句意：坚持一致性固然有其道理，但一味停滞会限制成长的潜力。空格处需填入副词作状语修饰动词standing，结合句意可知，此处表示“静止地；停滞地”为副词still。故选K项。
36．考查形容词。句意：紧紧抓住一条预先确定的道路，不仅会浪费日子，还可能浪费本可以非凡的一生。空格处需填入形容词作定语修饰rute，结合句意，此处表示“预先确定的”应为形容词predetermined。故选G项。
37．考查动词。句意：压力把我的世界缩小成一个又小又暗的隧道，我觉得除了跟随别无选择。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处表示“把……缩小成……”为，结合下文的谓语动词felt可知，此处为一般过去时，所以此处使用narrw的过去式形式narrwed。故选F项。
38．考查动词。句意：但安全并不能保证幸福。空格处需填入动词作谓语，结合句意，此处表示“保证”为动词guarantee，空前有助动词desn’t，所以使用动词原形。故选C项。
39．考查名词。句意：然后，我做了一个大胆的举动：我把专业换成了东亚研究，一个被不屑一提的领域。此处为名词作宾语，结合句意，此处表示“做出大胆举动”为固定短语take a leap。故选D项。
40．考查动词。句意：然后，我做了一个大胆的举动：我把专业换成了东亚研究，一个被不屑一提的领域。空格处需填入非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰field，结合句意，此处表示“对……不屑一提”应为动词dismiss，与逻辑主语field之间构成被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作后置定语。故选A项。
Passage 5
【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题 】
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Let Students Finish the Whle Bk. It Culd Change Their Lives.
When a semester begins, I ften give my students a little essay by Virginia Wlf, “Hw Shuld One Read a Bk?” She advises, “Begin nt by sitting n the bench amng the judges, but by standing in the dck with the criminal. Be his fellw wrker.” And when they have turned the last page, Wlf invites the reader t “leave the dck and 41 the bench. He must cease t be the friend; he must becme the judge.”
Accrding t the 2015 Natin’s Reprt Card, nly 37% American 12th graders were rated as gd enugh at reading. S the gvernment’s determinatin that it’s time t stp seeing bks and essays as the cre f English educatin seems 42 questinable.
But true literacy isn’t just brken, secndhand knwledge. And reading, in particular, is an imprtant 43 in inferirity, an insistence n listening t smething withut impsing yur wn 44 n it. While we still have the institutins f schl and class time as well as the bks that 45 ur walls, we need t challenge students with language and characters that may nt cme t them immediately but might heal healthy 46 .
Of all the things I culd d in this wrld, I’m frtunate t push stries frm faraway lands t yung minds and see whether I can spark their synapses (神经元突触). Smetimes, I’ll admit, I’d rather be watching sprts r even, sleeping. And it’s nt easy fr students t crack pen a bk, t decde language written in a way they dn’t speak.
The junirs and senirs I taught last fall had little knwledge f envirnmental activism r animal welfare when I handed them Richard Pwers’s “Bewilderment,” abut a talented 9-year-ld wh is 47 with saving endangered species as his 48 father struggles t prtect him. But thrugh fictin’s safe distance, students culd explre big wrld issues and the cmplex sides f parental lve. The mixed feelings they brught abut will be a part f their 49 identities. Had they 50 read the summary, they wuld have seen many f the same wrds, but they’d have lacked the feeling part.
【答案】
41．K 42．G 43．F 44．A 45．H 46．B 47．J 48．D 49．I 50．C
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主题是：让学生读完整本书能够改变他们的思维方式和价值观，深度阅读对个人成长具有深远影响。
41．考查动词。句意：当他们翻到最后一页时，伍尔夫邀请读者“离开被告席，坐上法官席”。根据空前“leave the dck and”可知，此处为并列的谓语动词，需填动词原形与leave并列，munt the bench意为“坐上法官席”，符合句意。故选K项。
42．考查副词。句意：因此，政府决定现在是时候不再将书籍和文章视为英语教育的核心，这似乎非常值得怀疑。根据空后形容词questinable可知，此处为副词修饰形容词，highly意为“非常”，“highly questinable”表示“非常值得怀疑”，强调质疑程度，符合句意。故选G项。
43．考查名词。句意：特别是阅读，是克服自卑的重要实践，即坚持倾听某些内容而不将自己的主观意图强加于其上。根据空前形容词imprtant可知，此处为名词作表语，exercise意为“实践；训练”，符合句意。故选F项。
44．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前形容词性物主代词yur可知，此处为名词，design表示“意图；构想”，“impse design n sth.”意为“将主观意图强加于某物”。故选A项。
45．考查动词。句意：虽然我们仍然拥有学校和课堂这样的制度，以及摆满我们墙壁的书籍，但我们需要用学生可能不会立即理解、但可能培养健康素养的语言和人物来挑战他们。that引导定语从句修饰bks，空处需填谓语动词，line意为“排列，挂满”，“line ur walls”表示“沿墙排列”，描述书籍陈列的状态，符合句意。故选H项。
46．考查名词。句意：同上。根据空前形容词healthy可知，此处为名词，discipline意为“习惯；素养”，符合句意。故选B项。
47．考查动词。句意：去年秋天我教的高中生们在拿到理查德・鲍尔斯的《困惑》时，对环保行动或动物保护几乎一无所知。这本书讲述了一个有天赋的9岁男孩一心拯救濒危物种，而他悲痛的父亲努力保护他的故事。be cnsumed with意为“沉迷于；全神贯注于”，符合“天才少年投身环保”的情节。故选J项。
48．考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空后名词father可知，此处为形容词作定语，grieving意为“悲痛的”，符合句意。故选D项。
49．考查动词。句意：他们带来的复杂感受将成为他们正在形成的身份的一部分。根据空后名词identities可知，此处为非谓语动词作定语，与所修饰词之间为主动关系，用动词现在分词形式作定语，frming意为“形成”，“frming identities”表示“正在形成的身份”，强调身份的动态发展过程，符合句意。故选I项。
50．考查副词。句意：如果他们只是读了摘要，他们会看到很多相同的词，但他们会缺乏情感部分。根据空后动词read可知，此处为副词修饰动词，merely意为“仅仅，只是”，符合句意。故选C项。

（2016上海高考）
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Glden Rules f Gd Design
What makes gd design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying t 41 the essentials f gd design. They have fund that sme sayings can help peple understand the ideas f gd design. There are fur as fllws.
Less is mre. This saying is assciated with the German-brn architect Mies van der Rhe. In his Mdernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim f the designer is t create slutins t prblems thrugh the mst efficient means. Design shuld avid unnecessary 42
Mre is nt a bre. The American-brn architect Rbert Venturi cncluded that if simplicity is dne badly, the result is 43 design. Pst-Mdernist designers began t 44 with decratin and clr again. Prduct design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as vens and kettles.
Fitness fr purpse. Successful prduct design takes int cnsideratin a prduct’s functin, purpse, shape, frm, clr, and s n. The mst imprtant result fr the user is that the prduct des what is 46 . Fr example, think f a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs t be cnstructed frm materials that will stand the heat f the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It als needs t be stable. Mst imprtantly, it needs t 48 light where it is needed.
Frm fllws emtin. This phrase is assciated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take int 49 the sensry side f ur nature—sight, smell, tuch and taste. These are as imprtant as ratinal(理性的). When chsing everyday prducts such as tthpaste, we appreciate a cl-lking device that allws us t easily 50 the tthpaste nt ur brush.
【答案】
41. D 42.E 43.J 44.G 45.C 46.H 47.B 48.F 49.A 50.K
【解析】
本文属于说明文，告诉我们好的设计应包括四个黄金定律：简约、功能以及情感等等。
41. D 动词capture获得；捕获；本句中该词构成的不定式短语“t ”作为动词try的宾语。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。
42.E 名词decratins 装饰，该词在句中作为动词avid的宾语。本段的主题是“Less is mre”倡导装修设计的简单化。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。
43.J 形容词sulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-brn architect Rbert Venturi cncluded that if simplicity is dne badly...”可知美国建筑家Rbert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的；
44.G 动词短语experiment with试用，用...做实验；句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。
45.C 名词appliance电器，电器工具；该词可由后面列举的例子“vens and kettles烤箱和水壶”推理，指厨房电器等物品。
46.H 形容词intended预期的；本句中该词和系动词is构成系表结构。句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
B. 形容词adjustable “可调节的”；句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp, 意为“可调节的台灯”与后句中 “regular adjustments by the user”形成呼应。
F. direct; 形容词为“直接的”；这里是用作动词，意思为“对准”与名词light构成动宾结构。句意：它需要将光线对准需要的地方。
A. 动词短语 accunt/cnsideratin; “把...考虑在内”。他认为设计必须把自然的知觉因素考虑在内。
K. 动词squeeze “挤压”；句中该词和名词the tthpaste构成动宾关系。句意：我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到牙刷上。
（2017上海春考）
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Why Yur Passwrd May Nt Be As Safe As It Seems
Des “qaz2ws” strike yu as a nice safe passwrd? What abut "adgimptw"? An analysis has fund them t be amng the passwrds that are mst ____31_____ used, which f curse means they are nt secure at all.
When ten millin passwrds were leaked t the internet, they appeared t ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts t make us imprve ur passwrd strength had been successful, even, in the specific case f the leaked passwrds, they were als cmpletely pintless.
While many f the passwrds were still single wrds, such as “passwrd”, there was als a clear attempt by many t make them harder t ____33_____. The prblem was that peple seemed t d s in the same way.
“Users are becming slightly mre ____34_____ f what makes a passwrd strng,” explained WP Engine, an internet cmpany that perfrmed the analysis. “Fr instance, adding a number r tw at the end f a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”
But ____35_____ n. They fund that almst half a millin passwrds did this—and in 20 per cent f thse all peple did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why sme cmpanies are nw trying t mve gradually beynd passwrds. Yah! is giving users the ptin t assciate their mbile phne with an accunt, and have a single use passwrd texted t it each time they want t ____36_____ n.
Althugh the service is vluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yah!, said that it was “the first step t ____37_____ passwrds”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard fr peple t remember all the passwrds they had. “I dn’t think we, as an industry, have dne a gd enugh jb f putting urselves in the shes f the peple using ur prducts,” he said.
It wuld certainly be a mre sensible strategy than sme peple’s imprving upn “passwrd” by using “passwrd” r tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, fr the mst part, predictably ____39_____ when it cmes t chsing passwrds, despite a decade f warnings frm passwrd strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We lve taking a(n)____40_____ , and s d passwrd cracker.”
【答案】CDFEB IGAKJ
【解析】
31.C.【解析】cmmnly 副词修饰形容词 An analysis has fund them t be amng the passwrds that are mst cmmnly used which f curse means they are nt secure at all.句意:分析发现他们是最常使用的密码之一，这意味着它们根本不安全。
32.D。【解析】cnfirm 证实 When ten millin passwrds were leaked n t the internet. Thew appeared t cnfirm that attempts by internet security experts t make us imprve ur passwrd strength had been successful even if in the specific case f the leaked passwrds, they are als cmpletely pintless.当一千万个密码被泄露到互联网上时，他们似乎证实了网络安全专家试图让我们提高密码强度的尝试是成功的，即伸在露密码的且体情况下，它们也是完全没有意义的。
33.F。【解析】crack 使破裂，打开。While many f the passwrds were still single wrds, such as "passwrd", there was als a clear attempt by many t make them harder t crack.虽然许多密码仍然是单一的词，例如“密码”，但许多密码也有一个明确的让他们更难以破解的企图。
34.E。【解析】be cnscius f有意识的。“Users are becming slightly mre cnscius f what makes a passwrd strng,”explained WP Engine an internet cmpany that perfrmed the analysis“用户越来越意识到什么使密码变得强大，”解释了一个进行分析的互联网公司的WP引擎。
35.B。【解析】actually 事实上 But actually n.They fund that almst half a millin passwrds did this-and in 20 percent f thse all peple did was put the number“1”at the end.但实际上没有。他们发现将近一半的密码做到了这一切，20%的人都把数字“1”放在了最后。
36.1。 解析lgn登录 Yah! is giving users the ptin t assciate their mbile phne with an accunt, had have a single use-passwrds texted t it each time they want t lgn雅虎可以让客户选择将手机和账户链接到一起，并且每次登录时都会发短信给用户一个单独的密码。
37.G。【解析】eliminate消除Althugh the services is vluntary,Dylan Casey an executive at Yah!,said that it was “the first step t eliminate passwrds”虽然服务是自愿的，但是雅虎的高管Dylan Casey说那是消除密码的第一步。
38.A。【解析】acknwledgement 承认 He said it was a(n) acknwledgement that it was increasingly hard fr peple t remember all the passwrds they had他说这是对人们越来越难以记住答案的承认。
39.K。【解析】unimaginative无法想象的“We are,fr the mst part predictably unimaginative when it cmes t chsing passwrds despite a decade f warnings frm passwrd strength checkers during sign-ups,”said WP Engine.WP引擎说:“尽管在注册过程中密码强度检查器发出了10年的警告，但在选择密码时，但我们大多数在选择密码方面是不可想象的。"
40.J。【解析】shrtcut 捷径“We lve taking a(n)shrtcut,and s d passwrd crackers.我们喜欢采取快捷的方式，所以在做密码破解的时候也是一样。
（2018上海春考）
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Palaces are knwn fr their beauty and splendr, but they ffer little prtectin against attacks. It is easy t defend a frtress, but frtresses are nt designed with the cmfrt f a king r queen in mind. When it cmes t structures that are bth ___31___ and well-frtified, the classic Eurpean castle is the pinnacle f design. Acrss the ages castles changed, develped, and eventually fell ut f use, but they still cmmand the ___32___ f ur culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Nrman invaders in 1066. As William the Cnquerr ___34___ thrugh England, he frtified key psitins t secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allwed the Nrman lrds t retreat t safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles als served as bases f peratin fr ffensive attacks. Trps were summned t, rganized arund, and deplyed frm castles. In this way castles served bth ___36___ and defensive rles in military peratins.
Nt limited t military purpses, castles als served as ffices frm which the lrd wuld administer cntrl ver his fiefdm. That is t say, the lrd f the land wuld hld curt in his castle. Thse that were scially beneath the lrd wuld cme t reprt the affairs f the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute t the lrd. They wuld ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjy festivities. In this way castles served as imprtant scial centers in medieval England. Castles als served as symbls f pwer. Built n prminent sites ___39___ the surrunding areas, castles cnstantly lmed in the backgrund f many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ f the lrd's strength.
【答案】31-40: DBFKH ECAGI
【解析】
31.D。【解析】根据句意:当涉及到建筑既雄伟又坚固的建筑，经典的欧洲城堡是设计的顶峰。impsing壮观的;令人印象深刻的，作表语修饰定语从句中的主语，构成主系表结构。
32.B。【解析】根据句意:他们仍然指挥着我们文化的魅力可知，应为fascinatin 魅力;吸引力。
33.F。【解析】根据句子结构可知，应填副词修饰 built。句意;城堡最初是诺曼入侵者于1066年在英国建造的。
34.K。【解析】as 引导的非限制性定语从句中缺少谓语动词。sweep thrugh 横扫。
35.H。【解析】介词后加名词。根据句意他们受到了英国叛乱的威胁。 rebellin造反，叛乱。
36.E。【解析】and链接两个形容词修饰rles。ffensive攻击的，冒犯的。
37.C。【解析】and 连接两个并列的动词，所以要用一般过去时。根据句意是他们管理的土地。
38.A。【解析】动词并列表示一系列连贯的动作，前后时态一致。address disputes地址纠纷。
39.G。【解析】考查伴随状语，主句句子完整，前为对主句句子的补充说明，不应构成句子，所以用 v-ing。
40.1。【解析】固定搭配，reminder f提醒。
（2019上海春考）
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Bill Draytn believes we’re in the middle f a necessary but painful histrical transitin. Fr millenniums mst peple’s lives had a certain ___11___. Yu went t schl t learn a trade r a skill-baking, farming r accunting. Then yu culd g int the wrkfrce and make a gd living repeating the same skill ver the curse f yur career.
But these days machines can d pretty much anything that’s ___12___. The new wrld requires a different srt f persn. Draytn calls this new srt f persnal changemaker.
Changemakers are peple wh can see the patterns arund them, identify the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblem, rganize fluid teams, lead cllective actin and then ___13___ adapt as situatins change.
Fr example, Ashka fellw Andrés Gallard is a Mexican wh lived in a high crime neighbrhd. He created an app, called Haus, that allws peple t ___14___ with their neighbrs. The app has a panic buttn that ___15___ everybdy in the neighbrhd when a crime is happening. It allws neighbrs t rganize, chat, share crime statistics and wrk tgether.
T frm and lead this cmmunity f cmmunities, Gallard had t pssess what Draytn calls “cgnitive empathy-based living fr the gd f all.” Cngnitive empathy is the ability t perceive hw peple are feeling in ___16___ circumstances. “Fr the gd f all” is the capacity t build teams.
It desn’t matter if yu are wrking in the cafeteria r the inspectin line f a plant, cmpanies will nw nly hire peple wh can ___17___ prblems and rganize respnses.
Millins f peple already live with the mind-set. But a lt f peple still inhabit the wrld f fllwing rules and repetitive skills. They hear sciety telling them: We dn’t need yu. We dn’t need yur kids, either.” Of curse, thse peple g int reactinary mde and strike back.
The central ___18___ f ur time, Draytn says, is t make everyne a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, sciety realized it needed universal ___19___. Tday, schls have t develp the curriculums and assessments t make the changemaking mentality universal. They have t understand this is their criteria fr success.
Ashka has studied scial mvements t find ut hw this kind f ___20___ shift can be prmted. It turns ut that successful mvements take similar steps.
【答案】11. D 12. A 13. B 14. H 15. C 16. I 17. E 18. G 19. K 20. F
【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句Yu went t schl t learn a trade r a skill-baking, farming r accunting. Then yu culd g int the wrkfrce and make a gd living repeating the same skill ver the curse f yur career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern（模式），故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive（重复性的），故选A。。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situatins change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用cntinually，故选B。
【14题详解】
考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allws neighbrs t rganize, chat, share crime statistics and wrk tgether可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用netwrk（组建网络），故选H。
【15题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evlving（进化的），故选I。
【17题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new wrld requires a different srt f persn. Draytn calls this new srt f persnal changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用lcate（定位），故选E。
【18题详解】
考查名词。句意：Draytn说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Tday, schls have t develp the curriculums and assessments t make the changemaking mentality universal. They have t understand this is their criteria fr success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的挑战，故选G。
【19题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Tday, schls have t develp the curriculums and assessments t make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选literacy（读写能力），故选K。
【20题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Ashka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental，故选F。
A．cnsider B．fixed-priced C． higher-end D．indecisin E. lgic F. minr
G. practical H. purchase I. revealing J. sacrifice K. value
A．adaptatin B．address C． applied D．claims E. cmpete F. dminating
G. public-interest H. reemerging I. respnded J. survival K. transfrmed
A．accurately B．craft C． duble-check D．functins E. labrius
F. narrw G. pls H. prgressively I. shares J. tips K. unlck
A．reveals
B．frthcming
C．recipient
D．acceptable
E．engage
F．cmmit
G．ingredient
H．bjective
I．tricks
J．chew
K．massive
A．challenge B．circled C． differently D．existence E. instinct F. mystery
G. navigatin H. nrmally I. rient J. separately K. ventured
A．decmpse B．identifiable C． bjective D．plentiful E. practice F. previusly G. primitive H. sculpt I. signal J. slice K. systematically
A．chatic B．rarely C．prfiles D．decidedly E．identifying F．humble G．persuaded H．dismissing I．dynamics J．crpped K．dedicatin
A．emergency B．priceless C． destryed D．fulfill AB．unheard
AC． ppulated AD．interpret BC． threat BD．prtests CD．effective ABC． utlined
A．dismissed B．frntier C． guarantee D．leap E. lck F. narrwed G. predetermined H. rigid I. rutine J. sheltered K. still
A．design
B．discipline
C．merely
D．grieving
E．filled
F．exercise
G．highly
H．line
I．frming
J．cnsumed
K．munt
A. accunt B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decratins F. direct
G. experiment H. intended I. perated J. sulless K. squeeze
A. acknwledgement B. actually C. cmmnly D. cnfirm E. cnscius
F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. lg J. shrtcut K. unimaginative
address B. fascinatin C.gverned D. impsing E.ffensive F.riginally
G.verlking H. rebellin I.reminder J. randmly K.swept